future radar and satellite technology daniel c. miller national weather service columbia, sc
TRANSCRIPT
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Future Radar and Satellite Technology
Daniel C. Miller
National Weather Service
Columbia, SC
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The Big Idea
New radar and satellite technology
will improve NWS operations!
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Outline• Introduction
• Part I. Dual-Polarization Radar Technology– Benefits– What is it?– Applications– When?
• Part II. Next Generation Weather Satellite– Benefits and New Features– Applications– When?
• Conclusion
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Part I. Dual-Polarization Radar Technology
Photo courtesy of NSSL
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Dual-Polarization Radar TechnologyKey Benefits
• Better Determination of Precipitation Type
• Better Estimates of Rainfall Amount
• Better Detection of Hail
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What does Dual-Polarization Mean?
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What does Dual-Polarization Mean?
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How Is Dual-Polarization Radar How Is Dual-Polarization Radar Technology Useful?Technology Useful?
Image courtesy NSSL
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How Is Dual-Polarization Radar How Is Dual-Polarization Radar Technology Useful?Technology Useful?
Image courtesy NSSL
– = Size(| + –) = Shape σ(| + –) = Variety
Dual-Polarization Radartells us about the size,
shape, & variety of objects.
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Differential Reflectivity (ZDR)
Ph
Pv Pv
Ph ~ Pv
ZDR ~ 0Ph >> Pv
ZDR >> 0
ZDR ~ 10log (Ph/Pv) (dB)
Ph
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ZDR Values for Hail ~ 0Ph ~ Pv
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Differential Reflectivity (ZDR) Applications
Differential Reflectivity (ZDR) Applications
Differential Reflectivity Differential Reflectivity (Z(ZDRDR))
Reflectivity (ZReflectivity (ZHH))
Image courtesy CIMMS-OU
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Differential Reflectivity (ZDR) Applications
Differential Reflectivity (ZDR) Applications
Differential Reflectivity Differential Reflectivity (Z(ZDRDR))
Reflectivity (ZReflectivity (ZHH))
Hail !!Hail !!Image courtesy CIMMS-OU
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Correlation Coefficient (CC)
• A statistical correlation that describes the similarities in the backscatter characteristics of the horizontally and vertically polarized echoes.
• It is a good indicator of regions where there is a mixture of precipitation types, such as rain and snow.
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What precipitation is liquid,frozen, or mixed
2.42.4oo Reflectivity Product Reflectivity Product
Using CC to Differentiatebetween Rain & Snow
FrozenFrozen
LiquidLiquid
MeltingMelting
2.42.4oo Correlation Coefficient Product Correlation Coefficient Product
Image courtesy NSSL
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Specific Differential Phase (KDP)
• Measures the rate of change of horizontally and vertically-polarized phase shift with distance
• Improves Precipitation Amount Estimates– Detects where most liquid water content is– Removes effect of hail contamination
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When will Dual-Polarization Radar Technology Arrive?
• 4 NWS beta test sites Fall 2010• Nationwide installation 2011-2012
– Columbia, SC (CAE)
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Summary of Benefits with Dual-Polarization Radar Technology
• Better Determination of Precipitation Type
• Better Estimates of Rainfall Amount
• Better Detection of Hail
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Part II. Next Generation Geostationary Operational
Environmental Satellite (GOES-R)
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GOES-R New Capabilities
• Higher Resolution Images
• Data Received in More Frequent Time Intervals
• A Large Suite of New Products
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Comparison of GOES-R Imagerto current GOES
GOES-R Current
Spectral Coverage 16 bands 5 bands
Visible Resolution 0.5 km ~1 km
IR/WV resolution 2 km ~4-8 km
Full disk Every 15 min Every 3 hr
CONUS Every 5 min Every 15 min
Mesoscale Every 30 sec! N/A
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Comparison of GOES-R Imagerto current GOES
GOES-R Current
Spectral Coverage 16 bands 5 bands
Visible Resolution 0.5 km ~1 km
IR/WV resolution 2 km ~4-8 km
Full disk Every 15 min Every 3 hr
CONUS Every 5 min Every 15 min
Mesoscale Every 30 sec! N/A
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Example of Visible Loop Using 1-Min Images
Courtesy Timothy J. Schmit, NOAA/NESDIS/STAR Madison, WI
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Comparison of GOES-R Imagerto current GOES
GOES-R Current
Spectral Coverage 16 bands 5 bands
Visible Resolution 0.5 km ~1 km
IR/WV resolution 2 km ~4-8 km
Full disk Every 15 min Every 3 hr
CONUS Every 5 min Every 15 min
Mesoscale Every 30 sec! N/A
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GOES-R New Capabilities (Cont’d)
• Provide Better Detection and Measurements of:
– Cloud Structure• Type, Height, Phase, & Temperature
– Other Atmospheric Elements:• Wind, Moisture, & Temperature• Lightning
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Some Applications of New GOES-R Data:
• Improved Convective Initiation Predictions
• Identification of Severe Weather Precursors
• Improved Rainfall Amount Estimates
• Better Estimates of Tropical Cyclone Intensity
• Identify Areas of Turbulence and Icing
• Improved Input to Numerical Weather Prediction Models
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Some Applications of New GOES-R Data:
• Improved Convective Initiation Predictions
• Identification of Severe Weather Precursors
• Improved Rainfall Amount Estimates
• Better Estimates of Tropical Cyclone Intensity
• Identify Areas of Turbulence and Icing
• Improved Input to Numerical Weather Prediction Models
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How will GOES-R improve warning lead times?
• Rapid Cloud top cooling detection
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Convective Initiation
• Detections of Rapid Cloud Top Cooling– can precede precipitation reaching the surface by 30-
60 minutes– precedes first cloud-to-ground lightning strikes
Images Courtesy CIMSS-UW Madison
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How will GOES-R improve warning lead times?
• Rapid Cloud top cooling detection
• Severe Thunderstorm Structures Better Detected and Monitored
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Severe Thunderstorm Structures Better Detected and Monitored
• Overshooting tops– Collapse of overshooting top
can precede severe weather/tornado on ground
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Severe Thunderstorm Structures Better Detected and Monitored
• Overshooting tops– Collapse of overshooting top
can precede severe weather/tornado on ground
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Severe Thunderstorm Structures Better Detected and Monitored
• Overshooting tops– Collapse of overshooting top
can precede severe weather/tornado on ground
• Enhanced-V Signature– Usually related to
Supercell/Severe Weather
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Severe Thunderstorm Structures Better Detected and Monitored
• Overshooting tops– Collapse of overshooting top
can precede severe weather/tornado on ground
• Enhanced-V Signature– Usually related to
Supercell/Severe Weather
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How will GOES-R improve warning lead times?
• Rapid Cloud top cooling detection
• Severe Thunderstorm Structures Better Detected and Monitored
• Better Rainfall Estimates
• Real-Time Lightning Monitoring (GLM)
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Geostationary Lightning Mapper
• Real-Time detection of lightning across most of the Western Hemisphere
• Flash Rate and Trends• IC/CC as well as CG lightning
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When?
• GOES-R Launch scheduled for Fall 2015
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When?
• GOES-R Launch scheduled for Fall 2015
• Operational with products available 2016
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When?
• GOES-R Launch scheduled for Fall 2015
• Operational with products available 2016
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Summary of GOES-RNew Capabilities and Applications
• Higher resolution images received in more frequent time intervals
• A large suite of new products and applications
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Conclusion
• New radar and satellite technology will result in improved forecast and warning operations.
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Conclusion
• New radar and satellite technology will result in improved forecast and warning operations.
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Links
• Dual-Polarization Radar– NWS ROC http://www.roc.noaa.gov/WSR88D/– NSSL http://www.cimms.ou.edu/~schuur/radar.html
• Next Generation Weather Satellite (GOES-R)– http://www.goes-r.gov/
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Daniel C. MillerNational Weather Service2909 Aviation WayWest Columbia, SC 29170803.822.8133
Thank You!