Language functions to fulfill human needs in the exchange of experience. Human beings need to exchange experience as

1. human kinds are social beings, ‘social products’ and consequently cannot live isolated,

2. no one can completely fulfill one’s needs; one needs others and

3. only human beings are destined with ineterpersonal function; human culture and civilazation; history.

ROLESROLES INFORMATIONINFORMATION GOODS & GOODS & SERVICESSERVICES

GIVINGGIVING STATEMENTSTATEMENT OFFEROFFER

DEMANDINGDEMANDING QUESTIONQUESTION COMMANDCOMMAND

COMMODITY

STATEMENT

QUESTION

OFFER

COMMAND MOOD

DECLARATIVE

INTERROGATIVE IMPERATIVE

O

SPEECH FUNCTION

1. Benny bought a book yesterday (S, D)2. Did Benny buy a book yesterday? (Q, I)3. Buy a book! (C, Im)4. No unmarked realization of Offer. It can be realized by either one of the Moodsa. Let me buy a book for you (O, Im)b. I will buy a book for you (O, D)c. Do you mind me/my buying you a book? (O, I)

5. Dalam bahasa Indonesia Modus dikodekan oleh unsur tata bahasa (ada), fonologi (lisan), dan grafologi (tulisan)a. Benni membeli buku.b. Adakah Benni membeli buku?c. Membeli buku Benni?d. Benni membeli buku?e. Beli buku itu!

1. Subject2. Finite3. Predicator4. Complement5. Adjunct

In English Mood is coded by Subject +Finite1. Subject Λ Finite: Declarative2. Finite Λ Subject: Interrogative3. (Subject) Λ Finite: Imperative

RESIDUE

MOOD

write :do + writeopen :do + opencan open :can + openopened :did + openopens :does + openwill open :will + openhave opened :have + openedwill have been opening :will + have been

openingFINITE PREDICATOR

A: Jane attended the meeting yesterday.B: Did she?A: Yes, she did.B: No, she did not.A: She did.B: She did not.A: Obviously, she didB: Apparently, she didn’t A: She did for sure.B: She did not for God’s sake.She and did are reiterated to indicate Mood

Open the door.(you) open the door.(you) Λ do Λ open the door.

(Subject) Λ do = Imperative

Thank you.(I ) Λ do Λ thank Λ you.(Subject) Λ do = Imperative

ANALYSIS

Yesterday Jane attended The meeting

Adjunct Subject did attend Complement

Finite Predicator

RE- MOOD SIDUE

Jane attended the meeting yesterday

Subject did attend Complement Adjunct

Finite Predicator

MOOD RESIDUE

The meeting was attended by Jane yesterday

Subject Finite Predicator Complement Adjunct

MOOD RESIDUE

Complement: the element of clause which is potentially promoted to be the Subject

Adjunct: the element of clause which is not potentially promoted to be the Subject.

Suzanne bought a new car last week, didn’t she?

A new car was bought by Suzanne last week, wasn’t it?

Last week Suzanne bought a new car, didn’t she?*Last week Suzanne bought a new car, didn’t it?

Jane attended the meeting yesterdayProcess: Material

GoalActor Circumstance: Location: Temporal

did attend

Finite PredicatorSubject Complement Adjunct

MOOD R E S I D U E

They will have been going to have been staying here next month.

Who sold the house?

Where did he go last week?

When did he arrive?

Yesterday she bought a new car

STATEMENT

QUESTION

OFFER

COMMAND

MOODS

DECLARATIVE

INTERROGATIVE IMPERATIVE

O

SPEECH FUNCTION

He visited the place and I left him there, which worried the whole family.

He visited the place and I left him there, which worried the whole family

1. The person, to whom this letter is addressed, died three years ago.

2. The person [[to whom this letter is addressed]] died three years ago.

Where did they go last week?

Who wrote the letter yesterday?

a. The man is a doctorb. The man came hereThe man [[ the man came here]] is a doctor.a. The man is a doctorb. I sent the letter to the man

The man [[I sent the letter to the man]] is a doctor

Analyze the following text in terms of its interpersonal function elements (Subject, Finite, Predicator, Complement and Adjunct). Then, respond to the following tasks.

1) Indicate the proportion of speech functions (statement, question, offer and command) in the text.

2) Indicate the proportion of the Mood (declarative, interrogative and imperative) of the text.

3) Is there any marked realization of speech function in Mood?

4) In your opinion, do the proportions of speech functions and moods project verbal human interactions in the natural setting?

Someone’s mental sickness is often indicated by his interaction to others in the surrounding. One of which refers to his treatment to animals. A fierce or wild character is often shown in one’s behaviour to cattles. Dick worked in a dairy farm. He often forced horses to gallop or tortured the animal as his hobby. One day he was caught in the act. “I have been watching you bad boy with your psychic practices.

Have you always been treating my horses like this?”, said his master and continued, “This is not the first time you do it but this has to be the last. Let me end your psychic behaviours”. Dick was frightened and became powerless by his boss’s thundering voice. Then the fierce boy was stripped and tied to a tree. The boss whipped his whole body. Blood was running from most of his body when the boss said, “Collect all your properties and go away from my farm. You must not meet me anymore”. He added “You have treated my poor horses badly and as a revenge you deserve this”, and he continued beating the fierce boy. The next day Dick disappeared from the farm and one week later the cattles welcomed a new guard with gentle manners

1. Someone’s mental sickness is often indicated by his interaction to others in the surrounding.

2. One of which refers to his treatment to animals. 3. A fierce or wild character is often shown in one’s behaviour

to cattles.4. Dick worked in a dairy farm. 5. He often forced horses to gallop 6. or tortured the animal as his hobby. 7. One day he was caught in the act. 8. “I have been watching you bad boy with your psychic

practices. 9. Have you always been treating my horses like this?”, 10. said his master 11. and continued, 12. “This is not the first time you do it 13. but this has to be the last. 14. Let me end your psychic behaviours”. 15. Dick was frightened

16. and became powerless by his boss’s thundering voice. 17. Then the fierce boy was stripped 18. and tied to a tree. 19. The boss whipped his whole body. 20. Blood was running from most of his body 21. when the boss said, 22. “Collect all your properties 23. and go away from my farm. 24. You must not meet me anymore”. 25. He added 26. “You have treated my poor horses badly 27. and as revenge you deserve this”, 28. and he continued beating the fierce boy. 29. The next day Dick disappeared from the farm 30. and one week later the cattles welcomed a new guard with

gentle manners.

1. Someone’s mental sickness is often indicated by his interaction to others in the surrounding.

2. One of which refers to his treatment to animals. 3. A fierce or wild character is often shown in one’s behaviour

to cattles.4. Dick worked in a dairy farm. 5. He often forced horses to gallop 6. or tortured the animal as his hobby. 7. One day he was caught in the act. 8. “I have been watching you bad boy with your psychic

practices. 9. Have you always been treating my horses like this?”, 10. said his master 11. and continued, 12. “This is not the first time you do it 13. but this has to be the last. 14. Let me end your psychic behaviours”. 15. Dick was frightened