fundamentals of membranes and reverse osmosis - iwma osmosis rejects - final.pdf · and reverse...
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RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
Effluent Treatment Methods
And
Reverse Osmosis and its Rejects
Handling
Dr P P Lal KrishnaChief Executive Officer
Ramky Pharma City (India) LtdDeveloper of Jawaharlal Nehru Pharma City - Vizag
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
PRIMARY TREATMENT
SECONDARY TREATMENT
TERTIARY TREATMENT
TREATMENT METHODS
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITEDRAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
Raw EffluentRaw EffluentPrimary Treatment Secondary Treatment
Tertiary TreatmentTreated Treated Effluent
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
DependsDepends onon
•• NatureNature andand StrengthStrength ofof PollutantsPollutants
•• QuantityQuantity ofof FlowFlow
•• DischargeDischarge LicenseLicense ConditionsConditions
DependsDepends onon
•• NatureNature andand StrengthStrength ofof PollutantsPollutants
•• QuantityQuantity ofof FlowFlow
•• DischargeDischarge LicenseLicense ConditionsConditions
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
• Largely a physical process
• Usually removes 40-75% of TSS and 25-40% of BOD
• Pretreatment with air or chlorine requirement in certain cases
• Largely a physical process
• Usually removes 40-75% of TSS and 25-40% of BOD
• Pretreatment with air or chlorine requirement in certain cases
PRIMARY TREATMENT
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
Central process is biological in which dissolved organics are utilised by micro organisms
Hence, secondary treatment is often known as biological treatment
The concomitant growth of biomass (cells) and substrate removal must be followed by separation
Central process is biological in which dissolved organics are utilised by micro organisms
Hence, secondary treatment is often known as biological treatment
The concomitant growth of biomass (cells) and substrate removal must be followed by separation
SECONDARYTREATMENT
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
• Disinfection
• Oxidation
• Chemical dosing for water quality correction
• Chemically aided settling
• Filtration
• Softening
• Activated carbon treatment
• Demineralization
• Reverse Osmosis
• Disinfection
• Oxidation
• Chemical dosing for water quality correction
• Chemically aided settling
• Filtration
• Softening
• Activated carbon treatment
• Demineralization
• Reverse Osmosis
TERTIARY TREATMENT METHODS
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
• Industries Facing problem to achieve ZLD
Only in tertiary treatment
– Due to small volume
– High capital and running cost
– Lack of technical staff to operate Advanced Technologies like membrane systems, evaporators, crystallizers, driers etc
– Discussion follows …….
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
Requirements of ZLDRequirements of ZLD
• RO Reject handling
• High TDS
• To operate the ZLD, Membrane and Evaporation systems are important
• Fundamentals of the Membrane and evaporation will be discussed in next slides
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
Membrane Separation
1 2 3 5 108 100 1000 104 105 106 107
Beach SandPollens
Bacteria
Viruses
Colloids
Sugars
Aqueous
Salts
Particle Filtration
Microfiltration
Ultrafiltration
Nano- Filtration
Angstrom
Reverse
Osmosis
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
Reverse Osmosis
Pressure
Concentrated
Solution
Pure
Water
Osmotic Processes
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
Simplified RO System
PumpPump ConcentrateConcentrate
PermeatePermeate
Feed Feed
WaterWater
100 to 400 psi (brackish water)100 to 400 psi (brackish water)
800 to 1,200 psi (seawater)800 to 1,200 psi (seawater)
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
Reverse Osmosis Involves
Application of pressure greater than osmoticpressure of solution
Diffusion of water but not salt through a semipermeable membrane in direction opposite ofnatural flow
Cross flow filtration to sweep away concentratedsalts
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
Remove purified water from a feed stream (permeate)
Concentrate chemicals in a feed stream (reject)Selectively separates small ions and molecules
WHAT IT CAN DO ?
Cannot concentrate to 100%
Cannot separate to 100%
Cannot reject gases and is Not always the most cost effective method
WHAT IT CAN NOT DO ?
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
FEED
PERMEATE
CONCENTRATE
1st stage 2nd stage
50% MAXIMUM RECOVERY per STAGE4:2 ARRAY
2 STAGES
1 TRAIN
40 m3/hr
20
m3/hr
20 m3/hr
10 m3/hr
10 m3/hr
10 mg/L
100 mg/L200 mg/L
370-400 mg/L
13 mg/L
20 mg/L
RO System Flow Diagram
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
Membrane MaterialsMembrane Materials
Cellulose Acetate (CA)
Polyamide (PA)
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
Reinforcing
Fabric
Microporous
Support
Ultrathin
Barrier Layer
THIN FILM COMPOSITE MEMBRANES
Schematic Cross Section
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
0.2 µm0.2 µm
40 µm40 µm
120 µm120 µm
PolyamidePolyamide
PolysulfonePolysulfone
UltrathinUltrathinBarrier LayerBarrier Layer
MicroporousMicroporousPolysulfonePolysulfone
ReinforcingReinforcingFabricFabric
7 //
Cross-Section of Thin-film Composite Membranes
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
Impurities in Water RO RemovesRO Removes• Ionic
•
•
• Microbiological
• Ionic
• Non ionic
• Particulate
• Microbiological
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
Use of Reverse Osmosis
• Potable Water
• Ultra pure Water
• Boiler Feed water
• Process Water
• Cooling Tower Blow down
• Water Reuse / Zero Discharge
• Industrial Process Stream Concentrations
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITEDRAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
Handling of Reverse Osmosis Plant Rejects
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
The liquid feed moves on the "hot" inner walls in an
evaporator.
Heat is continuously transferred from the outside of
the wall to the inside, thereby heating up the liquid
to the boiling point where water evaporates from
the liquid feed.
Evaporator basics
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
Liquid distribution
One of the most important issues influencing the effectiveness
of the evaporation is the distribution of the liquid on the inner
walls.
To make the evaporation effective the liquid film on the inner
walls should be as thin as possible.
However, if the film is too thin, the product will burn on the
walls, therefore it is very important to be able to control the
thickness of the film also known as "the wetting rate".
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
ApplicationsApplications
Spent Waste Water (Distilleries)
General Waste Water from Process and Utility Industry…..
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITEDRAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
Types of Evaporators1)1) LongLong--Tube Vertical EvaporatorsTube Vertical Evaporators
2)2) ShortShort--Tube (Calandria) Vertical EvaporatorsTube (Calandria) Vertical Evaporators
3)3) HorizontalHorizontal--Tube EvaporatorsTube Evaporators
4)4) Forced Circulation EvaporatorsForced Circulation Evaporators
5)5) Agitated, Thin Film EvaporatorsAgitated, Thin Film Evaporators
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TYPES OF EVPORATORS
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITEDRAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
FORCED CIRCILATION EVAPORATORS
• The liquor in a forced-circulation evaporator is pumped through the tubes to minimize tube scaling or salting when precipitates are formed during evaporation.
• Submerged-tube type is the most common type forced circulation evaporator.
• Forced circulation evaporators are used in the mining industry, and also they are used to evaporate corrosive or highly viscous solutions.
• Forced circulation evaporators are efficient the transfers heat from steam to liquid, continuous liquid flow, low amount of salting, scaling and fouling. They are expensive and need power for circulating pump.
16.10.2014 40
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITEDRAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
EXPERIENCE OF JAWAHARLAL NEHRU EXPERIENCE OF JAWAHARLAL NEHRU PHARMA CITYPHARMA CITY
House of 100 pharma companies in 2400 acres of notified industrial estate
at VISAKHAPATNAM
ANDHRA PRADESH
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITEDRAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
JNPC IS ONELY ONE INDUSTRIAL PARK IN INDIA OFFERING INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES UNDER ONE ROOF
ANY KIND OF PHARMA WASTE CAN BE TREATED IN THEIR COMMON FACILITY EXCEPT RADIO ACTIVE WASTE
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITEDRAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
EFFLUENT EFFLUENT MANAGEMENT PLAN AT JNPCMANAGEMENT PLAN AT JNPC
Off shore
Pharma Units
Effluent Collection
CETP Diffuser
- 15 Mt.
Marine Out fall
Incinerator
49
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITEDRAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
MEE Feed MEE Condensate
MEE Concentrate
Drier Salt
Multiple Effect Evaporator Operation Multiple Effect Evaporator Operation -- stage wise stage wise –– Images Images Multiple Effect Evaporator Operation Multiple Effect Evaporator Operation -- stage wise stage wise –– Images Images
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In this system 90% of the Toxic Waste, generating by the member industries are handled and disposed scientifically with in the Pharmacity without damaging Environment
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITEDRAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED 51
Guard Ponds
Guard Ponds to store Effluents before disposalinto Marine outfall system
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED52
On line TOC analyzer & its Display On line TOC analyzer & its Display (LED) and online data logging at (LED) and online data logging at Guard ponds on MOF (Marine Guard ponds on MOF (Marine Outfall) discharge streamOutfall) discharge stream
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITEDRAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
MOF Pipeline during the Installation
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RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED55
Thadi Village
Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring SystemsContinuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Systems
Thanam Village SEZ
Park Level Monitoring of AAQ
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
Central Console
Central Console for Centralized Monitoring Central Console for Centralized Monitoring
56
CAAQMS Stations placed in 3 areas around the park and all these stations have been CAAQMS Stations placed in 3 areas around the park and all these stations have been linked to Central Console at Commercial Hub, all these data has been uploaded to APPCB linked to Central Console at Commercial Hub, all these data has been uploaded to APPCB Website.Website.
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
All three CAAQM stations data has been uploaded to APPCB web site.
Link : http://pcbsite.nic.in
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RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITEDRAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
Park Level ISO 9001:2008 Certificate
58
RAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITEDRAMKY ENVIRO ENGINEERS LIMITED
The experience of JNPC & RAMKY group can address the issueof Reverse Osmosis rejects & High Concentrated effluentgenerating from various industries like pharma, chemicals,Tannery, textiles, distillery & any other process and utilityindustries by providing common treatment plant comprisingadvanced technologies including evaporators, crystallizers,incinerators, membrane application to reduce the hassles ofindividual units located in Tamil Nadu.
This kind of facility will facilitate to the units toconcentrate on their core production activity andgenerate the revenue to the country and society