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Fundamentals of Fundamentals of FutureFuture Green Green Internet Internet ArchitectureArchitecture
Fundamentals of Future Green Internet Architecture - ETSI Future Network Technologies Workshop - Dr. Salih Ergüt
Dr. Salih Dr. Salih ErgütErgütR&D Manager
Türk Telekom Group R&D
Dr. Özgür B. AkanDr. Özgür B. AkanDept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Koç University, Turkey
Why Green Internet?
Statistics show that total internet traffic will double e very 2 years
“700 billion videos are watched every year”,
“140 billion hours are spent on Facebook every year”,
“Internet traffic increased 200 times in the past 10 years”,
Energy dissipation and CO2 emission due to communication
Fundamentals of Future Green Internet Architecture - ETSI Future Network Technologies Workshop - Dr. Salih Ergüt 2/12
Energy dissipation and CO2 emission due to communicationnetworks increase tremendously
“2% of global CO2 emission is due to ICT systems.”, W-GREEN’08 Oulu, Finland
“Server farms and telecommunications infrastructure are responsible for roughly 3% of the world wide electricity consumption.” IEEE ICC’08 Dresden, Germany
Any improvement yields immense energy savings
Green Communications Studies
Energy Efficient ProtocolsW. R. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan, ““Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks ,”,” IEEE Proc. Hawaii Int’l. Conf. Sys. Sci., pp. 1–10, Jan. 2000.
Energy Efficient Signal Processing MethodsJ. Jang and K. B. Lee, “Transmit power adaptation for multiuser OFDM system s,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 171–178, Feb. 2003.
Energy Efficient Adaptive Algorithms
Fundamentals of Future Green Internet Architecture - ETSI Future Network Technologies Workshop - Dr. Salih Ergüt
Energy Efficient Adaptive AlgorithmsW.R. Heinzelman, J. Kulik, H. Balakrishnan, “Adaptive protocols for information dissemination in wireless sensor networks,” in Proc. of the ACM MobiCom’99, Seattle, Washington, pp. 174–185, 1999.
Information Theoretical ApproachesJ. N. Laneman, D. N. C. Tse, G. W. Wornell, “Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: Efficient protocols and outage behavior,” IEEE Trans. on Inform. Theory, vol. 50, issue 12, pp. 3062-80, Dec. 2004.
Energy Dissipation in ComputationR. Landauer, “Irreversibility and heat generation in the computing process”, IBM Journal of Research and Development, vol. 5, pp. 183-191, 1961.
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What is Missing?
Previous studies
Provide localized marginal gain, failing to
apprehend ultimate limits
Fundamentals of Future Green Internet Architecture - ETSI Future Network Technologies Workshop - Dr. Salih Ergüt 4/12
None None jointlyjointly consider consider fundamental limits of energy and CO2
withwith extensions to network case for given for given QoSQoS parameters!parameters!
Our Vision on Green Communications
Our vision on green communications comprises,
1. Derivation of fundamental limits for SISO channels
Rate, delay, bit error rate, energy and CO2 emission tradeoffs
2. Extension of fundamental limits to networks
Multi-terminal joint minimization of energy and CO2 emission
Fundamentals of Future Green Internet Architecture - ETSI Future Network Technologies Workshop - Dr. Salih Ergüt
3. Development of compressive networking paradigm
Infrastructure compressing providing the same utility
4. Development of green equivalent network theory
Achieving same utility with less energy and CO2 emission
5. Examination of end-to-end overall layered architecture
Proper examination of the protocol stack from greenery perspective
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Vision 1: Investigation of Tradeoffs between CO 2, Energy and Capacity of SISO Channels
Derivation of the fundamental limits of energy dissipation and CO 2 emission for transmission of one bit of information
Derivation of informationtheoretical relations among
Energy dissipationCapacity, noise, delayand bit error rate
Fundamentals of Future Green Internet Architecture - ETSI Future Network Technologies Workshop - Dr. Salih Ergüt
emission for transmission of one bit of informationmin E bit min ξbit Ebit : Energy/bits.t. R > R0 s.t. R > R0 ξbit : CO2 emission/bit
Pb < Pb0 Pb < Pb
0
Investigation of the performance of existing coding techniquesachieving fundamental limit
Development of novel joint source-channel coding techniques toachieve the fundamental limits
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Vision 2: Extension of Fundamental Limits toMulti-terminal Case
Investigation of the effects of contention delay and interference
Derivation of minimum energy dissipation and CO2 emission with
utility constraints and achievable rate regions for
Relay channelMultiple-access channelBroadcast channel
Fundamentals of Future Green Internet Architecture - ETSI Future Network Technologies Workshop - Dr. Salih Ergüt
Broadcast channel
Development of an architecture-free model compatible with various
topologies and architectures
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Vision 3: Development of Compressive Networking
Compressive Networking: Compressing communicationsinfrastructure providing similar utility with the original network under a set of given constraints, e.g., energy, CO2 emission, budget
Development of compresive networking theory and tools
Application of compressive networking to a large-scale commercial
Fundamentals of Future Green Internet Architecture - ETSI Future Network Technologies Workshop - Dr. Salih Ergüt
Application of compressive networking to a large-scale commercialcommunications network
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Vision 4: Development of Green Equivalent Network Theo ry
Green Equivalent Networks: Design of a compressed network, usingcompressive networking and network equivalence, that provides
Minimum energyMinimum CO2 emissionSimilar network utility
Application of green equivalent network theory to a large-scalecommercial high-energy consuming network
Fundamentals of Future Green Internet Architecture - ETSI Future Network Technologies Workshop - Dr. Salih Ergüt
commercial high-energy consuming network
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Vision 5: Investigation of Energy and CO 2 EmissionLimits for End-to-End Overall Layered Architecture
Investigation of the contribution of each layer to the energy and CO2emission
Investigation of the impact of cross-layer interactions onto the energy consumption and CO2 emission of communication networks
Application Application
Fundamentals of Future Green Internet Architecture - ETSI Future Network Technologies Workshop - Dr. Salih Ergüt 10/12
Application
Transport
Link
Internet
Application
Transport
Link
Internet
Ultimate Goal: Design of entirely green network architecture
Standard for Green Communications
Green communication standard is missing.
Required specifications:Maximum CO2 emissionMaximum energy per bitDesired rate, BER, delay etc.
Extension of existing IEEE, ITU communications standards to statethe quantitative limits for “ greenness ” .
Fundamentals of Future Green Internet Architecture - ETSI Future Network Technologies Workshop - Dr. Salih Ergüt
the quantitative limits for “ greenness ” .
Rise of awaraness of the importance and opportunities of using thegreen standards.
Certification of “greenness” to encourage telecommunication companies and corporate organizations to obey the green standards.
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Power efficiency should be included as a specificat ion for new standards.
Act of Turk Telekom
Turk Telekom is
The only telecom company in the board of Eurogia+
Funding green communications research and related projects
Working on minimizing energy and CO2 emission on its own network infrastructure by implementing sustainability projects such as
Fundamentals of Future Green Internet Architecture - ETSI Future Network Technologies Workshop - Dr. Salih Ergüt
Use of alternative energies (e.g., solar, wind)Fleet optimization efforts
Implementing sustainable practices in business processes, products, and services in order to reduce carbon emissions
Planning to actively participate in the early standardization of green communications working towards FP7 projects (e.g., MINECC)
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Questions?
Dr. Salih Dr. Salih ErgütErgütR&D Manager
Türk Telekom Group R&D
Fundamentals of Future Green Internet Architecture - ETSI Future Network Technologies Workshop - Dr. Salih Ergüt
Dr. Özgür B. AkanDr. Özgür B. AkanDept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Koç University, Turkey