Seventh Lab. :

Parenteral Medication

Administration

Halabja Technical

Institute

Nursing Department

First Stage

Fundamental of Nursing

Snur J. Ahmad

DefinitionDefinition Parenteral administration is injection or infusion by means of a needle or catheter inserted into the body .

InjectionInjection

It is an infusion method of putting fluid into the body, usually with a syringe for the material to be administered into the body.

Syringe is a device made of a hollow tube and a needle that is used to force fluids into or take fluids out of the body.

The length of a needle is measured in inches from the juncture of the hub and the shaft to the tip of the point.

The gauge of a needle, used to designate the size of the lumen, ranges from 27 (the finest) to 13 (the largest).

When looking at a needle package, the first number is the gauge or diameter of the needle and the second number is the length.

As the gauge number becomes larger, the size of the needle becomes smaller.

AmpulesAmpules VialsVials

Intradermal InjectionIntradermal Injection

It is an injection given into the dermal layer of the skin for some purposes :

– Local Anesthesia

– Diagnostic Tests

– Immunizations (BCG vaccine) Needle used is a short (3/8 inch) length, gauge (25-27G).

Small volumes, usually 0.01 to 0.05ml, are injected because of the small tissue space.Syringe is positioned at 10˚-15˚ angle.Create small bubble like.

Sites Of Intradermal InjectionsSites Of Intradermal Injections

Check the 5 Right then :

1.Wash hand and Take equipment to the patient's side.

2.Explain procedure to patient.

3.Locate the site of injection, and Cleanse the skin with a spirit swab, allow the area to dry.

4.Remove needle cap and holds syringe at 10˚-15˚ angle from skin with bevel up and Inject the solution.

5.Remove the needle quickly but gently at the same angle used for injection.

6.Wipe with dry cotton ball but do not press or massage the injection site.

7.Chart the data and time of the administration of the drug.

8.Take care of the equipment & return to their places.

Procedure Procedure

Subcutaneous InjectionsSubcutaneous Injections

It is injecting of drug under the skin in the subcutaneous tissue for some purposes :− Commonly For Insulin Injections− Heparin Injections

− Many Vaccines (MMR)Needle used is (3/8 to 1 inch) length, gauge (24-27g)

(But Insulin needle=28-30g.)No more than 1.5 mL should be injected to avoid pressure on sensory nerves causing pain and discomfort. Inject the needle at an angle of 45˚ or 90˚, depending on the amount and thickness of the tissue and the length of the needle.

Sites Of Subcutaneous InjectionsSites Of Subcutaneous Injections

Check the 5 Right then :1.Wash hand and Take equipment to the patient's side.2.Explain procedure to patient.3.Locate the site of injection, and Cleanse the skin with a spirit swab, allow the area to dry. 4.Remove needle cap and holds syringe at 45˚angle, then Inject the needle .5.Draw back the plunger to check you are or aren't in the blood vessel (Blood return should not be seen) then inject the solution.6.Remove the needle quickly but gently at the same angle used for injection and massage the area with alcohol swab . 7.Chart the data and time of the administration of the drug.8.Take care of the equipment & return to their places.

Procedure Procedure

Intramuscular InjectionIntramuscular Injection

It is injecting of drug into a body's system via the muscles .

Used to administer :

– Some antibiotics

– Vitamins or iron

– Some Vaccines (DTP)

Needle used is (1-1.5 inch)length, gauge(19-22G). Volume usually 2-5 ml are injected.Inject the needle at an angle of 90˚ .

Sites Of Sites Of Intramuscular InjectionIntramuscular Injection

Check the 5 Right then :

1.Wash hand and Take equipment to the patient's side.

2.Explain procedure to patient.

3.Locate the site of injection, and Cleanse the skin with a spirit swab, allow the area to dry.

4.Remove needle cap and holds syringe at 90˚ angle then Inject the needle .

5.Draw back the plunger to check you are or aren't in the blood vessel (Blood return should not be seen) then inject the solution.

6.Remove the needle quickly but gently at the same angle used for injection and massage the area with alcohol swab.

7.Chart the data and time of the administration of the drug.

8.Take care of the equipment & return to their places.

Procedure Procedure

Intravenous Injections & InfusionsIntravenous Injections & Infusions

Intravenous Injections is the injection of a drug into a vein.– often used in the emergency department

– for fluid and electrolyte replacement

Needle used is (1-1.5 inch)length, gauge(16-20 G).

Volume usually < 4ml are injected.Inject the needle at an angle of 15˚-20˚ .

Sites Of Intravenous Injections Sites Of Intravenous Injections

Check the 5 Right then :1.Wash hand and Take equipment to the patient's side.2.Explain procedure to patient. Expose the arm and apply tourniquet3.Ask pt. To open and close his fist. 4.Palpate the vein and clean with alcohol swab the site of the injection5.Remove needle cap and holds syringe at 15˚-20˚ angle.6.Puncture the vein and draw back (Blood return should be seen(.7.Once you know that you are in the vein, release the tourniquet and gently lower the angle of the needle then inject the solution very slowly.8.Remove the needle quickly but gently at the same angle used for injection and apply pressure over the area to prevent bleeding..9.Chart the data and time of the administration of the drug.10.Take care of the equipment & return to their places.

Procedure Procedure

Any Question?Any Question?

Thank You …Thank You …

Write the Normal Range of following :Write the Normal Range of following :

1.1.Pulse RatePulse Rate

2.2.Blood pressure Blood pressure