fund arch 1.1, intr0. to arch

8/14/2019 Fund Arch 1.1, Intr0. to Arch

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1.Introduction to Architecture

1.1What is Architecture?

People need places for their activity

These activities take place in buildings

A discipline concerned with design of bldg is Architecture

Hence Architecture

the Artand Scienceof designingbuildings and habitable

structures

What is Art, Science and Design?


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What is Art?

A creativehuman activity in which materials are shaped to

convey an idea, emotion, or visually interesting form

The use of skill and imagination in the creation of aestheticobjects or experiences that can be shared with others

Divided into two

Fine Art: Painting, Sculptor, Music & Poetry

Decorative Art: pottery, weaving, metalworking, and furniture

making.


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What is Science?

The systematic observation of natural events and

conditions

to discover facts about them and

to formulate laws and principles based on these facts

Divided into two

Natural Science: physics, biology, chemistry

Social Science: like sociology, economics, geography

No creativity but based on research and discovery


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What is Design?

A rational, logical, sequentialprocessintended to solve

problems

Involves making a detailed plan of the form or structure of

something

Emphasizing features such as its appearance, convenience,

durability and economy.


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Then What is Architecture?

Architecture is a discipline whichuses art and science knowledge and skill

to create, improve and restore statichabitable structures specially

buildings.

Then which one is Architecture?

A roller coaster

A circus tent

Delachen monument

A boat

Dembel city center


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Architecture (contd)

According to Marcus Vitruvius, Architecture is

Commodity (function): serving a purpose

Delight (aesthetics): visually pleasing & stimulate a sense organ

Firmness ( strength): erectable and durable

Art: only aesthetics & serve a purpose

Science: principles based on facts


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1.2. Architecture and Other Related

Disciplines

Task of designer is to changeClient Needs to Conceptsto Building Image

Three parties involve in realization of Client Needs

Client DesignTeam ConstructionTeam

Idea

NeedsMoney

Architect ( Coordinator)

UP and UESurveyor & Geologist

Structural Engineer

Electrical Engineer

Mechanical EngineerSanitary Engineer


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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)

Design isn't a single professional task

Role of Architect: coordination & leadership

E.g.: Sheraton Addis

It is important to know other related disciplines including

Urban Planning & Design

Civil Engineering

Electrical & Mechanical Engineering

Sanitary Engineering


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Urban Planning

the organization of all elements of a town or urban envi.

dealt with land use and the physical arrangement of city

structures taking into consideration economical, social, physical

environmental, administrative, historical. aspects

urban planning document related to Architecture contains

zoning ordinances like residential, commercial zone

subdivision regulations likeplot size

building and housing codes like height limitation


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Urban Engineering

the application of science( specially physics, maths and

chemistry) in the design of urban infrastructure like

Urban Houses and related buildings

Urban Roads & Bridge

Urban Water Supply,

Urban Drainage & Sewerage System


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Urban Design

Before 1960s: Archre & UP were the same

After 1960s, split into UP: focus on land use pattern & organization of services &

infrastructure

Architecture : focus on design of buildings

Gap is created: who is responsible for public spaces

Urban design is the art & science of design ofpublic spaces


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Civil Engineering

Practical application of science and math in the design of

structures like road, bridge, dametc

Building components

Architectural: non supporting & space defining: walls, windows

Structural : supporting like foundation, beam, column, slab

Civil (Structural) Engineer

design structural parts of a building


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Electrical Engineering

design and manufacture of systems and devices that use

electric power and signals

Building components includes electrical system

switches, sockets, light points, water pump

Electrical Engineer

designthe electrical systemof a building


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Mechanical Engineering

design and manufacture all types of machineries

building also include mechanical systems like

elevators, escalators, heating, cooling, ventilating systems

Mechanical Engineer

designsthe mechanical systems of a building


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Sanitary Engineering

designof water supply , drainage and seweragesystem

in a building

we need water and swear will be produced

Sanitary Engineer

designs the water supply, sewerage and drainage system of a

building and its compound


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Other Disciplines

in a design of advanced buildings like museums, cinemas,

meeting halls, hotels other disciples may involve

Light Engineer

Acoustics Engineer

Interior Architect

Landscape Architect etc


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Examples of

Residential Bldg


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Residential Bldg

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