functional tolerancing & annotation

Functional Tolerancing& Annotation

NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR AVIATION RESEARCHWichita State University

Revision 5.14aCopyright 2005. All rights reserved.

www.cadcamlab.org

None of this material may be reproduced, used or disclosed, in part or in whole, without the expressed written permission of:

National Institute for Aviation ResearchWichita State University

Wichita, KS

Copyright 2005. All rights reserved.

www.cadcamlab.org

CATIA Functional Tolerancing & Annotation CATIA® V5R14

Table of Contents, Page i© Wichita State University

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Functional Tolerancing and Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Pull-down Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Insert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Functional Tolerancing and Annotation Workbench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Bottom Toolbar Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3D Grid Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Grouping Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Top Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Text Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Dimension Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Position and Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Front View/Annotation Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Section View/Annotation Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Section Cut/Annotation Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Offset Section View/Section Cut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Aligned Section View/Section Cut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Geometrical Tolerancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Form Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Flatness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Tolerancing Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Straightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Tolerancing Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Circularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Tolerancing Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Cylindricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Tolerancing Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65


Table of Contents, Page ii ©Wichita State University

Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Planar Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Tolerancing Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Datum Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Tolerancing Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Tolerancing Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Tolerancing Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Datum Axes and Centerplanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Tolerancing Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Orientation Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Perpendicularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Tolerancing Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Angularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Tolerancing Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Parallelism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Tolerancing Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Location Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139


Concentricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167Tolerancing Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170Tolerancing Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Runout Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175Circular Runout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175


Total Runout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181Tolerancing Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184


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Profile Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186Profile of a Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186


Profile of a Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192Tolerancing Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Unilateral or Unequal Bilateral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197Unilateral - Outward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197Unilateral - Inward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197Bilateral - Unequal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Modify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199Changing Datum Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199Adding a Geometrical Tolerance to a Datum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203Creating Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Length/Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210Radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214Coordinate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215Cumulated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216Stacked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218Dimensions for curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Generative Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221Setup Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Dimension Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226Numerical Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Modifying Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232Top Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232Pull Down Menu Tools, Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Basic Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250


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Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259Creating Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259Modifying Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

Top Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264Font properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264Justification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266Anchor point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267Insert Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270Adding a Leader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

Orientation Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284Positional Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285Attribute Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285Query Object Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286Isolate Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Flag Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288Roughness Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290Graphical Properties Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292Copy Object Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Tolerancing Advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297Creating Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297Modifying Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304Flag notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305Roughness Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Geometry for 3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309Restricted Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309Construction Geometry Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312Construction Geometry Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320Thread Representation Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323Geometry Connection Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Note Object Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341List Annotation Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3413D Annotation Query Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344Mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347Clipping Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349


Table of Contents, Page v© Wichita State University

Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359Problem #01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359Problem #02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362Problem #03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Appendix A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367Mechanical Design - FT&A - Tolerancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367Mechanical Design - FT&A - Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368Mechanical Design - FT&A - Constructed Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369Mechanical Design - FT&A - Manipulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370Mechanical Design - FT&A - Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371Mechanical Design - FT&A - Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372Mechanical Design - FT&A - Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373Mechanical Design - FT&A - View/Annotation Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374


Table of Contents, Page vi ©Wichita State University


Geometrical Tolerancing, Page 31© Wichita State University

Geometrical Tolerancing

Geometrical tolerancing is the primary method used to accurately describe your design.When used properly it can increase the tolerance zones to make sure that no part is rejectedthat will actually meet the design intent. Coordinate tolerancing is ambiguous and it doesgive a full tolerance range for acceptable parts.

It is important to note that you should have a good understanding of the fundamentals ofgeometrical dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) before using these tools on your design.There is a tolerancing advisor that will help guide you in the proper syntax of geometrictolerancing but there is no way for CATIA to know your design intent. It is not the intentionof this course to teach you GD&T but rather how to apply it with the tools available inCATIA.

Many of the examples shown in this section are not finished parts but rather small examplesof how to use the tools. You should make yourself aware of your company’s proceduresand standards in order to meet the criteria set by the company. The intention of this sectionis to introduce the various methods available for applying geometrical tolerances.

Form Controls

Form tolerances control flatness, straightness, circularity and cylindricity. They are appliedto a single element or feature and are not related to datums. The first form control that willbe discussed is flatness.

Flatness

Flatness controls how flat a surface has to be in order to meet the design requirements. Allelements of the surface have to exist within the tolerance zone specified by two parallelplanes separated by the tolerance value.

Open the Flatness document. Notice that a view already exists in this part.

There are two main methods for putting a flatness tolerance on your part. You can either doit directly using the geometrical tolerance option or you can use the tolerancing advisor.The tolerancing advisor will guide you through putting geometrical tolerances on your partand it will keep you from creating an invalid tolerance. However, it can be frustrating if youhave a good understanding of the fundamentals of GD&T and just want to quickly put thetolerance on your part. There are certain procedures you have to follow in order to createthe tolerances using the tolerancing advisor. In this course both methods will be shown andperformed in order for you to get a good feel for both options.


Geometrical Tolerancing, Page 32 ©Wichita State University

Tolerancing Advisor

As stated before the tolerancing advisor will help guide you to make sure you create validgeometrical tolerances.

Select the tolerancing advisor icon. The Semantic Tolerancing Advisor windowappears.

This initial window will show all of the existing datum reference frames available for you touse. You have not created any datums yet therefore the area will be empty. Remember,datums are not necessary since you are creating form tolerances right now and they do notrequire datums.

Select the top of the part as shown below. You are going to create a flatness tolerance forthe top face of the part.



Notice that the Semantic Tolerancing Advisor window changes.

Based on your selection of one surface the options available are shown. The advisor filtersout the options that are not valid for a single surface. These symbols are the standardgeometrical tolerance symbols and they should look familiar. You will be using all of theseas you progress through the exercises so only the pertinent options will be discussed withineach exercise.

Select the flatness specification. The Geometrical Specification window appears.

The options will be discussed as they are used throughout the exercises. Only the pertinentones will be discussed in each exercise.



Change the Numerical value to 0.003 and select OK. The tolerance appears. Notice thatthe tolerancing advisor stays active and that the flatness specification is highlighted in thewindow.

The tolerance will appear in the tree as shown below.

There are many options for working with the leader lines but these will be covered in moredetail when annotations are discussed. For now you are going to just move the toleranceand extend the leader.

Press and hold the first mouse button while on the tolerance and drag it to the right.Notice the white square at the left side of the tolerance and the yellow diamond at the end ofthe leader. These allow you to modify the leader.

Press and hold the first mouse button while on the white square and drag it to the left.The tolerance should now appear as shown below.



You will probably want to move the tolerances to better locations throughout the exercises.Since it is the same procedure every time it will not be discussed every time.

The tolerancing advisor should still be active, if it is not, select the tolerancing advisoricon again. The Semantic Tolerancing Advisor window appears.

Select the bottom face of the part. You will have to rotate the part up in order to select thebottom. The same options appear in the window.

Select the flatness specification. The Geometrical Specification window appears.

Change the Numerical value to 0.003. This time you are specify a refinement on a unitbasis.

Select the Unit Basis tab. The options change in the window.

The Unit Basis tab allows you define a refinement tolerance for a smaller area of the surfacealong with a total variation or you can use it by itself. In this case you are going to define arefinement stating that for a 0.75 by 0.75 square area the maximum variation can only be0.002.

Select the Applied on Unit Basis option and the Refinement Tolerance option.

Change the Numerical value of the refinement to be 0.002 and Length 1 to be 0.75 andselect OK. The tolerance appears.



Position the tolerance as shown below. That tolerance is stating that the maximumvariation across the entire surface can only be 0.003 inches but you can only have amaximum variation of 0.002 inches within a 0.75 inch square area.

Caution should be given if you decide to use a unit basis tolerance without a total variationbecause a gentle bow in the bottom of the part could meet a unit base tolerance but give youa huge variation across the entire surface.

Save and close your document.



Manually

You are going to create the same geometrical tolerances but you are going to do it manually.

Open the Flatness document again. Make sure you open the original document and notthe one you just saved.

Select the geometrical tolerance icon. Nothing will happen until you select anelement.

Select the top face of the part. The Geometrical Tolerance window appears. Thiswindow will allow you key text above and below the feature control frame as well as definethe geometrical tolerance.

Select the black arrow under the circle as shown above. Notice a lot more tolerancingoptions appear because it is not as smart as the advisor.

Select the flatness specification.

Key in 0.003 in the box next to the flatness specification and select OK. The toleranceappears and it is basically identical to the one you created with the tolerancing advisor. Thedifference is that some red ~ symbols appeared on the tolerance until you selected OK. Thisis the symbol it uses for non-semantic annotations, meaning that it considers them invalideither due to syntax or due to associativity. Once you finalized the creation of the toleranceit removed those markings because it realized that it is a valid tolerance. Those markingscan be set to not appear using Tools, Options.

Select the geometrical tolerance icon again.

Select the bottom face of the part. The Geometrical Tolerance window appears.



Change it to flatness with a value of 0.003. Before you select OK, look at the tolerance inthe graphic area, you should see a red ~. Look in the specification tree as well. Notice thatthe tolerance is referred to as a Geometrical Tolerance instead of a Flatness at the moment.Also notice the red underline signifying that it is non-semantic.

Select OK. The tolerance is now referred to as a Flatness and is almost identical to the onedefined with the tolerancing advisor except for the unit basis.

Double select on the last tolerance using the first mouse button. The GeometricalSpecification window appears. This is the same window that appears when you use thetolerancing advisor.

Select the Unit Basis tab, turn on the Applied on Unit Basis and the RefinementTolerance options, change the Numerical value to 0.002 and Length 1 to 0.75 and selectOK. It is now identical to when you used the tolerancing advisor.

Close your document.



Straightness

Straightness tolerances can be applied to either surface elements or on the axis or centerplane of features of size.

If applied to a surface, it controls how straight a line element of the surface has to be inorder to meet the design requirements. All line elements of the surface have to exist withinthe tolerance zone specified by two parallel lines separated by the tolerance value.

If applied to an axis (center line) of a cylindrical feature of size then it controls thestraightness of the axis. The axis has to exist within the tolerance zone specified by acylinder whose diameter is equal to the tolerance value.

If applied to a center plane then it is controlled much like a surface where every line elementof the plane has to exist within the tolerance zone specified by two parallel lines separatedby the tolerance value.

Open the Straightness document. Notice that a view and some dimensions already existin this part.

Once again you either use the tolerancing advisor or you can use the geometrical toleranceoption.



Tolerancing Advisor



Select the cylindrical surface as shown below. You are going to create a straightnesstolerance for this surface. This is not a feature of size therefore it will apply to the lineelements of the surface and not the axis (center line) of the surface.

Notice that the Semantic Tolerancing Advisor window changes. Based on your selection ofa cylindrical surface the options available are shown. The advisor filters out the options thatare not valid for this surface.



Select the straightness specification. The Geometrical Specification windowappears.

Change the Numerical value to 0.005 and select OK. The tolerance appears. Notice thatthe tolerancing advisor stays active and that the straightness specification is highlighted inthe window.

Select Close and position the tolerance as shown below.



Select on the tolerance and press and hold the first mouse button on the yellowdiamond. You should see a yellow line appear showing you how the arrow head can bedragged along for this specification. The line is hard to see since it is yellow so you mayhave to zoom in on the area.

Select the tolerancing advisor icon again. The Semantic Tolerancing Advisor windowappears. This time you are going to select an existing dimension in order to add thestraightness specification to the feature of size.

Select the 1.0000 dimension. The same options appear in the window with the diameteroption highlighted.

Select the axis straightness specification. The Geometrical Specification windowappears.

Change the Numerical value to 0.005. Notice that the diameter symbol automaticallyappears in the feature control frame since it knows that it is a cylindrical tolerance zone.Also notice that the material conditions are available now.



Select the maximum material condition. This allows for extra tolerance while stillinsuring the function of assembly.

Select OK and select Close. Notice that the straightness tolerance appears under thedimensional tolerance and it is linked to it so if you move the dimension the straightnesstolerance will move with it. It is also in the view that contains the dimension.

Select the tolerancing advisor icon again. The Semantic Tolerancing Advisor windowappears.

Select the 2.0000 dimension. The Semantic Tolerancing Advisor window looks differentsince you have basically selected two parallel faces by selecting the dimension. Therefore,it refers to the feature type as a Tab/slot.

Select the straightness specification. The Geometrical Specification windowappears.

Change the Numerical value to 0.003 and choose the maximum material condition andselect OK. A Tolerance Zone Direction Definition window appears.



Select OK. A direction for the tolerance zone has to be defined because it is being appliedto a plane. Since the tolerance zone is defined by two parallel lines the direction for thoselines has to be defined.

Select in the Plane direction box and select the edge shown below.

Select OK and select Close. You will notice that the tolerance appears up above the topextension line. Normally you would want to be located with the dimension.

Drag the value down to be located under the dimension value as shown below.



Select on the tolerance and press the third mouse button while on the yellow diamondat the end of the leader. Many options appear but they will be discussed later in thecourse.

Select the Remove Leader / Extremity option. The leader is removed.

Move the dimension around. Notice that the tolerance does not follow the value correctly.Make sure you locate the dimension back to the original location.

You can also apply a straightness tolerance on a conical shape as well.

Using the tolerancing advisor create a straightness tolerance as shown below. Youshould take note that instead of a diameter and radius option a cone angle option appears inthe Semantic Tolerancing Advisor window. You may have a hard time getting the leader toattach to the right side of the feature control frame but do not worry about that now.




Open the Straightness - Unit Basis document. You are going to define somestraightness tolerances and refine them with unit basis tolerances.


Select the top face of the part and choose the straightness specification. TheGeometrical Specification window appears. Notice that a view was automatically createdsince one did not already exist.

Change the Numerical value to 0.005 and select the Unit Basis tab. The options changein the window. These are very similar to the flatness option except you only have onelength definition available.

The Unit Basis tab allows you define a refinement tolerance for a smaller length of the planealong with a total variation or you can use it by itself. In this case you are going to define arefinement stating that for a 0.75 length the maximum variation can only be 0.002.

Select the Applied on Unit Basis option and the Refinement Tolerance option.

Change the Numerical value of the refinement to be 0.002 and Length 1 to be 0.75 andselect OK. A Tolerance Zone Direction Definition window appears. Remember for a planeyou must specify a tolerance direction for the straightness.

Select OK.

Select on the General tab.



Select in the Plane direction box and select the line as shown below and select OK.

Position the tolerance as shown below.

Using the same method, create another straightness tolerance as shown below usingthe other line as the direction. This will create another view since the direction can not beused with the first view.




Manually


Open the Straightness document again. Make sure you open the original document andnot the one you saved.


Select the cylindrical surface as shown below. The Geometrical Tolerance windowappears.

Change the specification to straightness.

Key in 0.005 in the box next to the straightness specification and select OK. Thetolerance appears and it is basically identical to the one you created with the tolerancingadvisor.



Select the geometrical tolerance icon again and select the conical surface as shownbelow. The Geometrical Tolerance window appears.

Change it to straightness with a value of 0.003 and select OK. The tolerance appears.

Select the geometrical tolerance icon again and select the 1.000 dimension. TheGeometrical Tolerance window appears.

Change it to straightness. This time you will need to put the diameter symbol in with thevalue since it will not automatically do that for you like the tolerancing advisor did.

In the box next to the straightness specification, go to the left of the value and selectthe black arrow on the Insert Symbol icon as shown below. A bunch of symbols appear.

Select on the diameter symbol. The diameter symbol is inserted before the value.



Change the value to be 0.005.

With the cursor at the right of the value select the black arrow on the Insert Symbol

icon and choose the maximum material condition symbol. The symbol is inserted

after the value.

Select OK. Notice that the tolerance appears but it is dimmed out because it is missing thediameter symbol and it appears with an exclamation point in the specification tree. Thegeometrical tolerance option does not currently allow you to define an axis straightnesstolerance.

Select the geometrical tolerance icon again and select the 2.0000 dimension. TheGeometrical Tolerance window appears.

Change it to straightness with a value of 0.003 with maximum material condition andselect OK. The tolerance appears.

A few things that you should note is that you could not do an axis straightness tolerance andthat the straightness on the center plane did have you define a tolerance direction.

Double select the last straightness tolerance with the first mouse button. TheGeometrical Specification window appears.



Select in the Plane direction box and select the edge shown below and select OK. Inorder to define the tolerance direction you have to edit the tolerance after you create it.




Open the Straightness - Unit Basis document. You are going to create the tolerancesmanually that you created earlier.

Select the geometrical tolerance icon and select the top face of the part. TheGeometrical Tolerance window appears.

Change it to straightness with a value of 0.005 and select OK. The toleranceappears but you want to apply a unit basis to it as well as define the tolerance direction.

Double select on the tolerance with the first mouse button. The GeometricalSpecification window appears.

Select in the Plane direction box and select the line shown below.

Under the Unit Basis tab, turn on the Applied on Unit Basis and the RefinementTolerance options, change the Numerical value to 0.002 and Length 1 to 0.75 and selectOK. The tolerance appears.

In order to create the other tolerance correctly you will have to create a different view sinceit will not automatically create the view when you are manually creating the tolerance.



Select the front view/annotation plane icon and select the face as shown below. Theview is created.

Create the other tolerance as shown below using the other line for the direction. Thisis done in the same manner as you created the last one.




Circularity

Circularity tolerances control how round a surface has to be in order to meet the designrequirements.

If applied to a surface, other than a sphere, all points of the surface that are intersected by aplane normal to the axis of the surface have to exist within the tolerance zone specified bytwo concentric circles separated by the tolerance value.

If applied to a sphere, all points of the surface that are intersected by any plane passingthrough the center point of the sphere have to exist within the tolerance zone specified bytwo concentric circles separated by the tolerance value.

Open the Circularity document. Notice that a view and some dimensions already exist inthis part.


Tolerancing Advisor



Select the cylindrical surface as shown below. You are going to create a circularitytolerance for this surface. The same options appear in the window that you are alreadyfamiliar with seeing.



Select the circularity specification. The Geometrical Specification window appears.

Change the Numerical value to 0.005 and select OK and Close. The tolerance appears.Position it as shown below.

If you select on the yellow diamond at the end of the leader you will notice that it can slidein a circular path around the surface similar to the linear path for straightness.

Select the tolerancing advisor icon again. The Semantic Tolerancing Advisor windowappears. This time you are going to select a cone shaped surface.



Select the conical surface as shown below. The same options appear in the window butinstead of diameter and radius option you have a cone angle option as you have seen before.


Change the Numerical value to 0.003 and select OK and Close. The tolerance appears,you can position it to match or leave it in its default location.

Select the tolerancing advisor icon again. The Semantic Tolerancing Advisor windowappears. You are going to put a circularity tolerance on a surface of revolution.



Select the surface as shown below. Notice that a circularity option does not appear. Thisis a limitation of the tolerancing advisor. You will have to put the tolerance on using thegeometric tolerance option and it will be considered non-semantic (invalid).

Select the spherical surface instead. You will put a circularity tolerance on the sphere.


Change the Numerical value to 0.003 and select OK. A Tolerance Zone DirectionDefinition window appears. It wants you to define a tolerance zone direction even though inreality the surface must meet the requirements of any direction since it is spherical.

Select OK.



Select in the Plane direction box and select the zx plane and select OK. This will use thenormal of the plane for the circular cross section of the tolerance.

Select Close. Position the tolerances as shown below.




Manually


Open the Circularity document again. Make sure you open the original document andnot the one you saved.


Select the cylindrical surface. The Geometrical Tolerance window appears.

Change the specification to circularity.

Key in 0.005 in the box next to the circularity specification and select OK. Thetolerance appears and it is basically identical to the one you created with the tolerancingadvisor.

Select the geometrical tolerance icon again and select the conical surface. TheGeometrical Tolerance window appears.

Change it to circularity with a value of 0.003 and select OK. The tolerance appears.

Select the geometrical tolerance icon again and select the surface shown below. TheGeometrical Tolerance window appears.



Change it to circularity with a value of 0.003 and select OK. Notice that this tolerance isconsidered non-semantic but at least you were able to put the tolerance on the model. Thetolerance will appear with the red ~ symbols and it will be referred to as a geometricaltolerance in the specification tree.

Notice that the value did not adjust to .0030 as it should have because it is considered to benon-semantic. You can force it to read correctly by actually keying what you want to see.

Double select on the geometrical tolerance you just created with the first mousebutton. The Geometrical Tolerance window appears.

Change the value to be .0030 and select OK. Now the value reads properly.

Select the geometrical tolerance icon again and select the spherical surface. TheGeometrical Tolerance window appears.



Change it to circularity with a value of 0.003 and select OK. Position the tolerances asshown below.




Cylindricity

Cylindricity tolerances control how round a surface has to be along the whole length of thesurface in order to meet the design requirements. Because of this, it is like a circularity andstraightness tolerance applied at the same time. All points of the surface must lie within thetolerance zone specified by two concentric cylinders separated by the tolerance value.

Open the Cylindricity document. Notice that a view and a dimension already exist in thispart.


Tolerancing Advisor



Select the cylindrical surface as shown below. You are going to create a cylindricitytolerance for this surface. The same options appear in the window that you are alreadyfamiliar with seeing.



Select the cylindricity specification. The Geometrical Specification windowappears.

Change the Numerical value to 0.005 and select OK and Close. The tolerance appears.Position it as shown below.

If you select on the yellow diamond at the end of the leader you will notice that it can slidein a circular path around the surface.



Select the tolerancing advisor icon again and select the cylindrical surface as shownbelow. The Semantic Tolerancing Advisor window appears. The same options appear inthe window.

Select the cylindricity specification. The Geometrical Specification window appears.

Change the Numerical value to 0.003 and select OK and Close. The tolerance appears.Position the tolerances as shown below.




Manually


Open the Cylindricity document again. Make sure you open the original document andnot the one you saved.


Select the larger cylindrical surface as you did before. The Geometrical Tolerancewindow appears.

Change the specification to cylindricity.

Key in 0.005 in the box next to the cylindricity specification and select OK. Thetolerance appears and it is basically identical to the one you created with the tolerancingadvisor.

Select the geometrical tolerance icon again and select the smaller cylindrical surface.The Geometrical Tolerance window appears.

Change it to cylindricity with a value of 0.003 and select OK. The tolerance appears.Position the tolerances as shown below.


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