functional neuroanatomy brad dickerson, m.d. [email protected] how do thought, emotion and...
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Functional neuroanatomyBrad Dickerson, [email protected]
How do thought, emotion and behavior arise from this?
Functional neuroanatomy
• Overview of brain anatomy & systems– Localization/networks– Scale in the nervous system– Sensorimotor systems
• How our brains interact with the external world (loops)– States ‘of mind’ (and body)
• Specific functional systems– Memory & emotion
• How our brains use previous experience to modify behavior
• Vision & attention; language
Brain anatomy
Brain anatomy
Brain anatomy
Brain anatomy
Brain anatomy
Brain anatomy
Approaches to the study of brain function
•Animals & humans: anatomy, physiology, & behavior•Tract tracing•Single unit recordings•Behavioral studies; pharmacology
•Patients with focal brain lesions•Behavioral studies & post-mortem anatomy•Structural imaging: In vivo structure/function correlations
•Neuroimaging/brain mapping•Functional neuroimaging
Scale in studying the nervous system
Localization of function in the nervous system
Phrenology (Gall, early 1800s)1.The brain is the organ of the mind.2. The mind is composed of multiple distinct, innate faculties.3. Because they are distinct, each faculty must have a separate seat or "organ" in the brain.
Localization of function in the nervous system: Paul Broca & language
1860s
Localization of function in the nervous system: Maps and networks
1909 2005
What are we doing with our brains at this moment?
(The student’s brain)
• Feeling your chair• Squirming (moving)• Watching• Listening• Remembering• Paying attention• Sleeping• Feeling anxious• Feeling hungry• What happens when you ask a question?
Motor function
Motor system
Motor system
Motor system
Motor system
Motor system
The Brain is Composed of Discrete Cells: Neurons and Glia
The Brain is Composed of Discrete Cells: Neurons and Glia
Neurons have specialized processes that support electrochemical transmission
Neurons communicate with each other primarily through synapses
Glia support and maintain neurons
• Protect by surrounding and buffering
• Speed transmission by forming myelin sheaths
Motor system:Topography
Motor system
Motor system
Somatosensory function
Somatosensory function
Somatosensory function
Auditory function
Auditory function
Vision
Visual systemVisual system
Visual systemVisual system
Visual systemVisual system
Visual systemVisual system
Visual systemVisual system
Visual systemVisual system
Localization of function in the nervous system: Maps and networks
1909 2005
Localization of function in the nervous system: Functional networks
5 major brain systems subserving
cognition and behaviorLeft perisylvian language networkParieto-frontal network for spatial attentionOccipitotemporal network for object/face recognitionMedial temporal/limbic network for learning & memoryPrefrontal network for attention & comportment
From Mesulam MM, Brain, 1998
Localization of function in the nervous system: Maps and networks
What are we doing with our brains at this moment?
(The student’s brain)
• Feeling your chair• Squirming (moving)• Watching• Listening• Remembering• Paying attention• Sleeping• Feeling anxious• Feeling hungry• What happens when you ask a question?