functional aplliances 1
TRANSCRIPT
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FUNCTIONAL APLLIANCESFUNCTIONAL APLLIANCES
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INTRODUCTION The stomatognathic system consist of teeth,
the periodontal membrane ,basal bone,T.M.J,and the motivating and draping Neuromusculature.
BONE is plastic in nature and its form and function are related intimately. Changes in functional stress produces changes in internal bone architecture and external shape.
Bone is most responsive to external stimuli .
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The term “Functional appliance” refers to variety of removable appliance designed to alter the arrangement of various muscle groups that influence the function and position of the mandible in order to transmit the forces to the dentition and the basal bone.
Intra-oral devices. Growth modification procedures used for
Correction of early class II and some class III.
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SEE TO BELIEVESEE TO BELIEVE
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FLATHEAD INDIAN PAPOOSE TIED TO BOARDS TO PRODUCE FLATHEAD-SHAPED SKULL (INTENTIONAL, PLANNED PRESSURE.
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CHINESE FEET CRUELLY MUTILATED, THE INSTEP BROKEN TO KEEP THE FEET WITHIN A THREE-INCH MEASUREMENT (INTENTIONAL, PLANNED PRESSURE .
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HERD OF HEREFORD CATTLE SHOWING HORNS WHICH ARE NOT PROPERLY SHAPED WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN TREATED WITH WEIGHTS TWO-YEAR-OLD HEREFORD BULL SHOWING PROPERLY SHAPED HORNS AFTER TREATMENT WITH WEIGHTS.
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COWBOYS WHO RIDE HORSES DAY AFTER DAY BECOME BOWLEGGED (SPRUNG LEGS) BECAUSE OF THE PRESSURE EXERTED(UNINTENTION
AL) ON THEIR LEGS .
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THUMB-SUCKING HABIT AND RESULT.
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CHIN PROPPING HABIT AND RESULT.
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THE PAST
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NORMAN W.KINGSLEY
FIRST TO USE FORWARD POSITIONNG OF MANDIBLE.
“Jumping the bite” by vulcanite plate .
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PIERRE ROBIN DESIGNED AN APPLIANCE WHICH WAS
LATER USED TO INFLUENCE MUSCULAR ACTIVITY BY A CHANGE IN SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP OF JAWS.
“MONOBLOC”
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VIGGO ANDERSEN “ACTIVATOR”
DESIGNED AN INERT APPLIANCE THAT FITTED LOOSELY IN THE MOUTH AND BY ITS MOBILITY TRANSFERRED MUSCULAR STIMULI TO THE JAWS,TEETH AND SUPPORTING STRUCTURES.
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ACTIVATOR
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In 1908 Viggo Anderson developed a loose fitting Hawley,s type of appliance with vertical acrylic extensions to contact the lingual surfaces of lower teeth.
Idea was to transfer functioning stimuli to the jaws , teeth and supporting tissues.
“BIOMECHANIC WORKING RETAINER” Later teamed up with HAUPL and it was called
“Activator” because of the ability to activate muscles.
Also called as Norwegian appliance.
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Labial bow -.9 mm usually in upper arch only.
Acrylic portion – cold cure / heat cure .
Jack screw /springs or other optional components.
COMPONENTS
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INDICATIONS OF ACTIVATOR Class –II Div 1 Class –II Div 2 Class –III Class –I Open bite. Class –I Deep bite. Skeletal improvement young age {pre-
fixed appliance therapy} . Lack of vertical development .
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CONTRAIDICATION
Class I Crowding.Excessive Vertical excess . Excessive proclined lower incisors .Nose stenosis /allergy/structural
problems who cannot breathe through nose.
Non growing pts.
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CONSTRUCTION BITE Reposition the mandible in forward direction. Wax record used to relate the mandible to
maxilla in three dimension of space. Two types
a) Low vertical ,marked forward positioning .
b) High vertical ,slight forward positioning .
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Modification of activator
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PHILOSOPHY OF ACTIVATOR
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ALFRED P.ROGERS “BIONATOR” RECOGNIZED THE IMPORTANCE OF THE
WHOLE OROFACIAL SYSTEM IN THE PROBLEMS OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT.
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BIONATOR
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FRANKEL
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CLASSIFICATION
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I. TOM GRABER 1) GROUP –1 : Teeth supported e.g catalan’s .2) GROUP-2 : Teeth/Tissue supported e.g Activator .3) GROUP-3 : Vestibular positioned . Frankel.
II. Removable / Semi-fixed. E.g BASS / Fixed
III. Peter vig{Hybridization}1) Classical e,g Activator .2) Hybrid e.g Bass alliance .
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IV. PROFFIT 1) Teeth borne passive appliance ; Activator .2) Tooth borne active appliance; Kinetor .3) Tissue borne passive appliance; Oral screen .4) Tissue active passive appliance: Frankel .5) FOMA
V. MYOTONIC {muscle mass}/ MYODYNAMIC .{action}
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CONCEPTS OF FUNCTIONAL JAW ORTHOPEDICS
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THREE APPROACHES TO TREATMENT OF
SKELETAL MALOCCLUSION
GROWTH MODULATIONCAMOUFLAGESURGICAL CORRECTION
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Clinical considerations & applications of growth and development
Growth is not continuous process but has variations regarding various organs, tissues and therefore time becomes very important factor whenever we are dealing with craniofacial growth and development.
Growth does not take place in a steady manner, there are certain periods where there is sudden increase in growth, which is called as Growth spurts.
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GROWTH SPURTS
These growth spurts are sex-linked. The greatest increment of growth are actually at the 3 year age level. The second peak is from 6 to 7 years. The appearance of growth spurts are as follows:
The tendency for most of the boys is to have 2 or 3 peaks while most girls show only two peaks
MALE FEMALE
First Peak Second Peak
Third Peak
3 Years 7 to 9 Years14 to 15 Years
3 Years6 to 7 Years
11 to 12 Years
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Treatment principles
Selective force application .Selective force elimination .Differential eruption of selected
teeth .
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MODE OF ACTION DENTOALVEOLAR CHANGES . MIDFACE GROWTH RESTRICTION . MANDIBULAR GROWTH INDUCTION . CHANGES IN NEUROMUSCULAR
ENVIRONMENT & FUNCTION . ADAPTIVE CHANGES IN THE GLENOID
FOSSA LOCATION.
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MODE OF ACTION
INCREASED CONTRACTILE ACTIVITYOF LPM. INTENSIFICATION OR RETRODISCAL PAD. INCREASE IN GROWTH STIMULATING FACTOR. ADDITIONAL GROWTH OF CONDYLAR CARTILAGE. ADDITIONAL SUB PERIOSTEAL OSSIFICATION. SUPPLEMENTARY LENGHTENING OF MANDIBLE.
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EFFECTS OF FUNCTIONAL APPLIANCE IN TREATMENT OF CLASS II CASES .
TEMPORAL STIMULATION . HEADGEAR EFFECTS . CLASS II EFFECTS . DIFFERENTIAL ERUPTION OF TEETH.
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Overall changes Increase or decrease in jaw size. Change in spatial relationship of the
jaws. Change in the direction of growth of
the jaws. Acceleration of the desirable growth.
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DIAGNOSIS OF FUNCTIONALAPPLIANC
E THERAPY
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PATIENT FOR FUNCTIONAL TREATMENTOF MANDIBULAR DEFICIENCY
PREPUBESCENT BY 2 TO 3 YEARS . MANDIBULAR DEFICIENCY REASON FOR CLASS II MALOCCLUSION . NORMAL OR SLIGHTLY EXCESSIVE MAXILLARY
DEVELOPMENT. NORMAL OR SLIGHTLY SHORT FACIAL HEIGHT NORMAL OR SLIGHTLY PROTRUSIVE MAXILLARY
INCISOR TEETH . NORMAL POSITIONED OR RETRUSIVE LOWER
INCISOR . EXCELLENT PATIENT CO – OPERATION.
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IDEAL CASE FOR FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
RELATIVELY NORMAL MAXILLA . RETRUDEDMANDIBLE . HORIZONTAL MANDIBLUAR GROWTH
DIRECTION . MIMIMUM UPPER & LOWER INCISOR
CROWDING & PROCLINATION . GOOD V.T.O . POTENTIAL GROWTH REMAINING .
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CASE EXAMINATION
VTO .RECORDS .MODELS.
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V.T.O
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CEPHALOMETRIC DIAGNOSIS
FACIAL SKELETON .SADDLE ANGLE .ARTICULAR ANGLE.GONIAL ANGLE .ANT. & POSTERIOR FACE HEIGHT RATIO
JAW BASES SNA , SNB, INCLINATION ANGLE, BASAL PLANE ANGLE, MANDIBULAR BASE.
DENTOALVEOLAR RELATIONSHIPSAXIAL INCLINATION OF INCISORS
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THEORIES OF CONSTRUCTION BITE
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CONSTUCTION BITE
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CONSTUCTION BITE
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Wax bite
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Wax bite
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SINGLE VS PROGRESSIVE SAGGITAL ADVANCEMENT
SINGLE STEP ADVANCEMENT
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ADVANTAGES FULL EXPRESSION OF V.T.O . NO NEED FOR APPLIANCE REACTIVATION . INCREASED UTILIZATION OF MUSCLE STRETCH &
VISCO ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF TISSUES . MAINTAINS FORCE EVEN DURING SLEEP .
DISADVANTAGES PATIENT DISCOMFORT . POOR PATIENT COMPLIANCE. INCREASED CONTRIBUTION OF DENTOALVELOAR
STRUCTURES .
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PROGRESSIVE ADVANCEMENT
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ADVANTAGES MORE FAVOURABLE & PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE . REDUCED EFFECT ON INCISOR INCLINATION . COMPLIANCE BETTER. GREATER LIKELIHOOD OF MAINTAINING CORRECT
APPLIANCE POSITION DURING SLEEP.DISADVANTAGES FULL V.T.O CANNOT BE EXPRESSED . REQUIRES APPLIANCE REACTIVATION . PROLONGED TREATMENT TIME . VISCOELASTICITY OF TISSUES LESS RELIED UPON.
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PROGRESSIVE ADVANCEMENT
INDICATIONS VERTICAL GROWING PATIENTS . ADULTS . PATIENT WITH TMJ DISFUNCTION .
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MANDIBULAR ADVANCEMENT
CLARK – 10mm MAXIMUM . 70% OF MAXIMUM PROTRUSIVE RANGE
OF THE PATIENT. ALWAYS 3MM BEHIND MAXIMUM
PROTRUSIVE RANGE – PREVENT CLASP KNIFE REFLEX.
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VERTICAL OPENING
MINIMAL VERTICAL OPENINGWITHIN THE FREEWAY SPACEREASON – LOOSELY FITTING APPLIANCES
INCREASES FREQUENCY OF REFLEX CONTRACTION IN THE MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
MYOTATIC REFLEX
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VERTICAL OPENING
MODERATE VERTICAL OPENING 4 MM BEYOND THE REST POSITION OF
THE MANDIBLE . CONTRACTION PRODUCED ARE
ISOMETRIC RATHER THAN ISOTONIC. INCREASING FREEWAY DURING SLEEP .
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VERTICAL OPENING
EXTREME VERTICAL OPENING (HARVOLD)
8 TO 10 MM BEYOND THE FREEWAY SPACE
VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES ( PASSIVE TENSION)
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INTRODUCTION TO CLARK’S TWIN BLOCK
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INTRODUCTION TO CLARK’S TWIN BLOCK
SIMPLE, COMFORTABLE & ESTHETICALLY ACCEPTABLE
WORN 24 HRS A DAY . MOST VERSATILE .
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INTRODUCTION TO CLARK’S TWIN BLOCK
SIMPLE BITE BLOCKS . GUIDING MECHANISM . MANDIBULAR DISPLACEMENT . FUNCTIONAL EQUILBRIUM ESTABLISHED
UNDER NEUROLOGICAL CONTROL IN RESPONSE TO REPETITIVE TACTILE STIMULUS .
PROPRIOCEPTIVE STIMULUS TO GROWTH . INFLUENCE ON RATE OF GROWTH
&TRABECULAR STRUCTURE OF SUPPORTING BONE .
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REQUISITES FOR TWIN BLOCK APPLIANCES
CLASS II DIV I WITH NORMAL MAXILLA & RETROGNATHIC MANDIBLE
MINIMAL CROWDING PROPER ARCHFORM PROPER TORQUE OF MAXILLARY &
MANDIBLUAR INCISOR IDEAL AGE ( 2 TO 3 YRS BEFORE PUBERTAL
GROWTH SPURT) POSITIVE V.T.O. VERTICAL PROBLEM NOT EXCESSIVE NORMAL AIRWAY
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DELTA CLASP ( CLARK) IMPROVED RETENTION . MINIMUM ADJUSTMENT . REDUCES METAL FATIGUE .
OCCLUSAL BITE BLOCKS 700 .
CLINICIANS CHOOSE THIS ANGULATION TO APPLY MORE A HORIZONTAL FORCE
DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION OF TWIN BLOCK
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DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION OF TWIN BLOCK
TOOTH & TISSUE BORNE TYPE . THREE DIMENSIONAL CONTROL ON
ANCHORE TEETH . LIMITS TIPPING & DISPLACEMENT OF
INDIVIDUAL TEETH .
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DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION OF TWIN BLOCK
ORIGINAL DESIGN ADAMS CLASP – UPPER MOLARS &
LOWER PREMOLARS MIDLINE SCREWS UPPER LABIAL BOW( OPTIONAL) OCCLUSAL BITE BLOCKS BALL CLASPS ON LOWER INCISORS PROVISION FOR EXTRA ORAL TRACTION
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STAGES OF TWIN BLOCK
ACTIVE PHASE 7 – 9 MONTHS OPEN BITE IN BICUSPID AREA CLASS I SKELETAL RELATION CLASS I MOLAR RELATION
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STAGES OF TWIN BLOCK
SUPPORT PHASE 6 – 9 MONTHS MAINTAIN THE MANDIBLE IN THE ADVANCED
POSITION . ALLOW ERUPTION OF BICUSPIDS . 4 – 6 MONTHS FOR BUCCAL TEETH TO ERUPT INTO
OCCLUSION & FOR FUNCTIONAL REORIENTATION OF TRABECULAR SYSTEM .
TWO APPLIANCES RECOMMENDED . DAY TIME APPLIANCE – REMOVABLE ORTHODONTIC
APPLIANCE WITH ADAMS CLASP ON THE FIRST PERMANENT MOLARS AND AN INCISAL RAMP .
RICK – A – NATOR APPLIANCE .
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MANAGEMENT OF CLASS III MALOCCLUSION
REVERSE PULL FACIAL MASK ATTACHED TO UPPER BLOCK . ELASTIC FORCE SHOULD BE INCREASED
GRADUALLY . 4 TO 6 HRS DAILY WEAR ( HEAVY
FORCES) .
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SOLUTION IN TREATING A NON CLASSICAL CASE
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SKELETAL OPEN BITE / VERTICAL GROWERS
MANDIBULAR ADVANCEMENT – 4MM . LOWER MOLAR ERUPTION PREVENTED . VERTICAL OPENING CAN BE SLIGHTLY
INCREASED.
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DENTAL OPEN BITE TONGUE CRIB . PREVENTS ERUPTION OF LOWER POSTERIOR
TEETH .
CONSTRICTED MAXILLARY ARCH SLIGHT – MIDLINE EXPANSION SCREW . SEVERE – HYRAX .
CONSTRICTED MANDIBULAR ARCH SLIGHT LINGUAL TORQUING – MIDLINE EXPANSION
SCREW .
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CLASS II DIV 2 MIXED DENTITION – ANTERIOR SAGGITAL
APPLIANCE . PERMANENT DENTITION – HYRAX .
AIRWAY PROBLEMS ENT CONSULTATION .
FLARED MAXILLARY INCISOR LABIAL BOW. STRAIGHT WIRE APPLIANCE .
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INADEQUATE ARCH LENGTH -MANDIBULAR
POSTERIOR SAGGITAL APPLIANCE . LIP BUMPER .
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MANAGEMENT OF CLASS II DIV 2 MALOCCLUSION
LABIAL TIPPING OF UPPER INCISOR IS REQUIRED TO CORRECT THE DISATL OCCLUSION.
BITE REGISTRATION EDGE TO EDGE CONSTRUCTION .
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ALL ABOUT TWIN BLOCK APPLIANCE WEAR – FULL TIME INCLUDING MEALS. APPLIANCE TAKEN OUT DURING SPORTS &
SWIMMING APPLIANCE HELPS TO STRAIGHTEN ONES TEETH
AS WELL AS HELPS YOUR JAWS TO GROW, HENCE OPTIMUM CO – OPERATION NEEDED.
SLIGHT DISCOMFORT INTIALLY PRESENTS IF PERSISTS CONTACT YOUR DOCTOR.
BLOCKS SHOULD BE IN CONTACT ALL THE TIME BREAKAGE OF APPLIANCE SHOULD BE
IMMEDIATLEY REPORTED . APPLIANCE REMOVED SHOULD BE STORED IN THE
WATER .
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THANK YOU
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CASE REPORTS
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RAJANI KADAM
1O/F
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MANJULA
13/F
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CONCLUSSION IF ONE BELIEVES THAT THE FACIAL
STRUCTURES HAVE CHANGED THROUGH THE YEARS AS A PART OF EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS (CHANGE IN THE HABITS, ENVIRONMENT ETC.) THEN ONE CAN DEFINITELY EXPECT A CHANGE OF THESE FACIAL STRUCTURES THROUGH THESE FUNCTIONAL APPLIANCES WHICH PROVIDES OPTIMAL ENVIRONMENT FOR THE FACIAL STRUCTURES TO GROW AND AT THE SAME TIME ELIMINATING THE UNFAVORABLE ONES .
If
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THANK YOU
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Clinical Implication of growth spurts
A knowledge of growth spurts in essential for successful treatment planning in Orthodontics. This helps us to decide the timing of Orthodontic treatment, i.e., whether to start the treatment at the time of peak growth or after the active growth is completed.
These are obvious for Orthopaedic correction of Maxillo-Mandibular relationship.
Pubertal increments still offer the best time for a large number of cases, as far as predictability, growth direction, patient management and total treatment time are concerned.
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Growth Prediction
The orthodontist would be able to forecast a child's adult appearance with or without treatment with accurate growth prediction.
Growth prediction is based on the observed growth pattern, using the static cephalogram taken at the initiation of treatment and averages from previous growth studies.
Prediction of craniofacial growth has been the "Holy Grail" of orthodontics.
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Growth PredictionAccording to Hirschfeld and Moyers, six important considerations of growth prediction are:
Future size of a part of the face (the addition of length increments to a structure whose dimensions are already established).
Relationship of parts in order to predict the future facial pattern (for example, evaluating whether further growth will impede a situation, such as the maxilla being behind the mandible).
Timing of growth events (for example, deciding when to provide treatment to achieve specific treatment goals).
Vectorial characteristics of growth that are based primarily on the pattern recognized in the first evaluation.
Growth velocity. This is also important in the timing of treatment so that treatment efficacy is maximized per unit of treatment time.
The effect of orthodontic treatment on any of these prediction parameters. It is the goal of the clinician to base his or her treatment plan on the assessment of the previous five considerations and expect that the treatment plan will work to correct or improve the predicted growth pattern.
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Methods for studying Physical Growth Hand Wrist X-rays
They are used to study biological or skeletal age of the person.
The hand wrist region is made up of numerous small bones. These bones show predictable & scheduled pattern of appearance, ossification & union from birth to maturity
Anatomy of Hand Wrist
The hand wrist region is made up of following 4 group of bones :
• Distal ends of long bones of forearm
• Carpals
• Metacarpals
• Phalanges
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Hassle & Farman developed a system of skeletal maturation, determination using cervical vertebrae. The shapes of cervical vertebrae were found to be different at different levels of skeletal development
C3 & C4 (Wedge shaped) – Square shaped
The curvature of inferior vertebral borders were seen to appear sequentially from C2 to C3 to C4 as the skeleton matures
Cervical vertebrae maturity indicators (CVMI)