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Full version of lecture handouts

WebCT for full versionLingnan U homepage WebCT login in (student ID + email address) SOC325 lecture handouts

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L4 - Assessment Methods (I)SOC325 Behavior at workRef: Spector, Ch. 5

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Recap - Uses of Job Analysis

Job Analysis

Job Evaluation

Criterion Development

Job Description

Pay

Performance Appraisal

Career development/Training

Recruitment & Selection

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Last week - Job AnalysisTwo products:

List of tasksKSAOs (one usage: for assigning wages)

This week – Assessment methodsKSAOs (another usage: for selection)

Before we recruit candidate, we have to decide on how to assess the KSAOs?

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Exercise:Front desk manager – student’s hostel

TasksMotivate and lead subordinatePlanning and organizingHandle complaints

KSAOs?How to assess the KSAOs? (Discussion)

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Outline:(I) Different types of assessment methods for personnel selection

InterviewsBiographical informationWork samplePsychological testsAssessment center

(II) Assessing test reliability and validity

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Types of assessment methods

InterviewStructured vs. unstructured interview

Biographical informationPrevious work experienceExtra-curricular activities

Work sampleSimulate the actual work

落場示範，即場測試

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Psychological Tests

A series of standardized questions or problems that assess a particular individual characteristicIntelligence / Ability testsKnowledge / Skills testsPersonality tests

Ability Test

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Ability Tests

General ability to do or to learn sth (future oriented) ~ intelligence test

1. Cognitive ability testNumerical testVerbal testSpatial reasoning

2. Psychomotor ability test

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Ability test

1. Cognitive Ability Test Numerical test From simple arithmetic to ability to solve numerical problems

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Arithmetic Reasoning • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •The Arithmetic Reasoning test consists of 30 problems, similar to those below, for you to solve. Example:

If 12 men are needed to run four machines, how many men are needed to run 20 machines?  A. 20. B. 48. C. 60. D. 80.

Now, try the following sample questions on your own: 3. How many 36-passenger buses will it take to carry 144 people?

 A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.

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Ability test

1. Cognitive Ability Test Verbal testFrom spelling and grammar tests to ability to make conclusions from written information

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Word Knowledge • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •The Word Knowledge test is designed to measure your understanding of the meanings of words. The test consists of 35 underlined words. From the four choices, select the word or phrase meaning most nearly the same as the underlined word.Example:

Small most nearly means  A. sturdy. B. round. C. cheap. D. little.

Now, try the following sample questions on your own:

5. The wind is variable today.  A. mild. B. steady. C. shifting. D. chilling.

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Ability Test

1. Cognitive ability testSpatial reasoning testAbility to mentally see a 2-D drawing in 3-D• Do you turn maps around when you read

them?• Especially important for designer and

engineer• Sex difference?

GATB Spatial

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Army Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) Sample Test

http://www.goarmy.com/util/asvab1.htmYou can have a free trial with feedback. Try it!

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Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery Sample Test

The ASVAB is a multi-aptitude test battery that is designed to measure your aptitudes at this time in your life. It consists of ten short individual tests covering Word Knowledge, Paragraph Comprehension, Arithmetic Reasoning, Mathematics Knowledge, General Science, Auto & Shop Information, Mechanical Comprehension, Electronics Information, Numerical Operations and Coding Speed. When you take the ASVAB prior to enlisting, not only do you receive scores on each of these individual tests, but several individual test results are combined to yield three academic composite scores: Verbal, Math and Academic ability. Sample items are provided here for each of the ten ASVAB tests. For each test, read the example which has been answered for you and make sure you understand it. Then, answer the sample items that follow. To do so, select the correct answer from the alternatives provided. Click on the response that best answers your question. You will receive feedback as you move through the sample test. This sample ASVAB is provided for career guidance only. Success in answering these questions does not imply any acceptance or ability in the administration of the actual ASVAB required for Army recruits.

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Ability test

2. Psychomotor ability testAbility to manipulate objects and use toolsInvolves fine precision skills and dexterity• Sex difference?

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Knowledge / Skills Tests

Assess what a person already knows and how well a person perform a particular task (present oriented)

V.s. general ability to do or to learn (future oriented)Typing skill (present oriented) vs. Dexterity (future oriented)

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Auto and Shop Information • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •The The Auto and Shop Information has 25 items about automobiles, shop practices, and the use of tools. Example:

A chisel is used for (B. is the correct answer)  A. prying. B. cutting. C. twisting. D. grinding. 

Now, try the following sample questions on your own: 18. A car uses too much oil when which parts are worn?

 A. pistons. B. piston rings. C. main bearings. D. connecting rods.

19. The saw shown is used mainly to cut                                                                          

 A. plywood. B. odd-shaped holes in wood. C. along the grain of the wood. D. across the grain of the wood.

Job KnowledgeTests

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Personality Tests

A person’s tendency to behave consistently in a particular way

Examples:• NEO Personality Inventory• Chinese Personality Assessment

Inventory

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Results

Optimism:ClassMale: 6.11 Female: 3.92Comparison to norm?

HK NormMale: 7.11 Female: 5.97

Set different standards

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Results

Logical Orientation:ClassMale: 7.11 Female: 5.50Comparison to norm?

HK NormMale: 6.78 Female: 5.79

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Personality tests

Used in managerial selection, senior AO, etc.. in HKIssue of faking goodIssue of cultural difference

我不喜歡出席舞會宴會 .

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Assessment Center

A series of exercises that simulate actual tasks done on the jobUsually used for assessing management skillsLast for one to several days

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Assessment CenterTasks

In-basket / In-tray exercise• You have returned to the office after a vacation…

Your In-Tray is full… 60 minutes to deal with all the items…

Leaderless group exercise• Problem solving ( 地球將會爆炸 , 太空船有 5 個位… )• Role-play ( 游說其他經理支持你的建議… )

Presentation

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Assessment CenterTasks

In-basketLeaderless group exercise

• Problem solving• Role-play

Presentation

Dimensions assessed includeOral communicationProblem solvingInterpersonal relationsPlanning and organizing

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Emotional intelligence (EI)

Gardner (1983)Multiple intelligence – interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence

Daniel Goleman (1995)Attributes required for senior managerial roles – people-related skills are more important than IQ or technical skills

Emotional intelligence

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Emotional intelligence (EI)Emotional intelligence

• E.g., Self-awareness; motivation; empathy

EI develops naturally with age but people can be trained in itCase: American Express Financial Advisors uses EI

• Financial decisions are driven by emotion (e.g., trust, security) than facts or figures

• Trained to develop awareness of customers’ emotional reactions

• Trained group: increase business by 18.1%• Control group: increase business by 16.2%• 88% believed that EI is important to their performance