Full text of "Indian Historical Quarterly Vol.11"

Skip to main content

Search the history of over 327 billion web pages on the Internet.

search Search the Wayback Machine

Featured

texts All Texts latest This Just In Smithsonian Libraries FEDLINK (US) Genealogy Lincoln Collection Additional Collections

eBooks & Texts

Top

American Libraries Canadian Libraries Universal Library Community Texts Project Gutenberg Biodiversity Heritage Library Children's Library

Open Library

Public Lab Books to Borrow

Featured

movies All Video latest This Just In Prelinger Archives Democracy Now! Occupy Wall Street TV NSA Clip Library

TV News

Top

Animation & Cartoons Arts & Music Community Video Computers & Technology Cultural & Academic Films Ephemeral Films Movies

Understanding 9/11

News & Public Affairs Spirituality & Religion Sports Videos Television Videogame Videos Vlogs Youth Media

Featured

audio All Audio latest This Just In Grateful Dead Netlabels Old Time Radio 78 RPMs and Cylinder Recordings

Live Music Archive

Top

Audio Books & Poetry Community Audio Computers & Technology Music, Arts & Culture News & Public Affairs Non-English Audio Podcasts

Librivox Free Audiobook

Radio Programs Spirituality & Religion

Featured

software All Software latest This Just In Old School Emulation MS-DOS Games Historical Software Classic PC Games Software Library

Internet Arcade

Top

Community Software APK MS-DOS CD-ROM Software IPA Software Software Sites Tucows Software Library

Console Living Room

Shareware CD-ROMs CD-ROM Images ZX Spectrum Vintage Software DOOM Level CD ZX Spectrum Library: Games CD-ROM Software Library

Featured

image All Image latest This Just In Flickr Commons Occupy Wall Street Flickr Cover Art USGS Maps

Metropolitan Museum

Top

NASA Images Solar System Collection Ames Research Center

Brooklyn Museum

web texts movies audio software image logo Toggle navigation ABOUTCONTACTBLOGPROJECTSHELPDONATEJOBSVOLUNTEERPEOPLE

search

Search metadata Search text contents Search TV news captions Search archived web sites

Advanced Search

upload personSIGN IN

ABOUTCONTACTBLOGPROJECTSHELPDONATEJOBSVOLUNTEERPEOPLE

Full text of "Indian Historical Quarterly Vol.11"

See other formats

THE

INbMN HISTORICAL OMflRTERLY

Edited by

NARENDRA NATH LAW

THE

INDIAN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

IN 39 VOLUMES

The establishment of the Asiatic Society by Sir William Jones in the eighteenth century, the pro- duct of the early Europeans in India, to acquire and disseminate knowledge of Indian history, customs and manners of the Indian people left a blazing trail through its journals and proceed- ings. The coming centuries witnessed several savants delving deep in the subject and as a result, besides many books, several articles were published in the ever increasing journals and periodi- cals. To wit the untiring efforts of Cunningham, Max Muller, Stein, Princep and others can be cited.

Thus by the early twentieth century books, journals and periodicals had become so vast that it became a Herculean task for the scholars and researchers to find in one place all relevant materials required for their subject of research, particularly about Indian history and culture. They had to wade through an ocean of publications.

To alleviate the distress of these knowledge craving scholars Dr. Narendra Nath Law started a Quarterly 7%^ Indian Historical Quarterly. The principal aim of this quarterly was to publish articles, notices, etc. dealing with Indian history and civilization.

( Contd. on next flap)

14)3159

T H E

INDIAN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

Edited by

NARENDRA NATH LAW

Vol. XI

CAXTON PUBLICATIONS

i.lBViAR'

l:,:

' ct'-\

''K ....

1 s-k. '^rd.

^ , ?.k:-

V. .. rs;* K '5

First Published 1935

Published by ;

CAXTON PUBLICATIONS 15-3/53, A.shok Vihar, Phase-ll Ddhi-1 10052. India Phone; 7112866

Printed at ;

Efficient Offset Press, Dayabasti, Delhi

CONTENTS

]ac;e

Principal Articles :

Tlie Nyayavfirttikji of rddyoUikara and the

V^fid a riyuy a o f I ) ii arm a.,k iri i ... 1

Hy Or. Andiow Vostrikov, riT.D.

dlip I'iastorn (.kliukyas ...

l?y Dr. 1). C. (lan^iily, m.a., piM).

A Sanskrit Version of Kani-na Mazda ... db

Ify Iinakiii Tiivodi, m.a.

Jf(>nil;a> and Isn^Hsli ('oii.slila(i()jjal fiaw ... '>*

Dy Jbof. Dr. A. Jferricdale Keitli, m.a., d.c.f..

Adi^ura ... ...

liy Ibainode lial Jaud, M.A.

A Study of tli(^ Siiirti l^^^:ag(^s in tlio Malialdiasv a ... ... 77

By Anialaiuiiida (ilio'>li, m.a.

Ibiiue Sliali Jaliaii in IJon^al ... ... ... Iff

By I'lol, Sri Itain ShatMiia, .m.a.

Tile Smrt i-(liai)hMs (d' tin* Ibiraiia^ ... ... ... dbS

By Hajoiidia CMi.uidia Hazra, m.a.

Miscellany:

liidrfinib* Ilonoun i,ii Indo-Iranian ... ... ... 131

By Sukiimar Smi, m.a.

Tin* So-calird Boll-t kiijdial ... ... ... ... I'k)

By O. C. Oan^'oly, n.A.

1'Ih* ( oiK opI inn uf Soul in .lainiMii ... ... ... 137

By .la'di''li (3uind lai i, m.a.

IbJdiyaJOi and Salion* ... ... ... ... BlU

By Aalini Natli Da'< (lupta, .m.a.

Tin* So-c.iilrd ('ily Couni'il of IVitaliputra ... ... Mb

By J'rof. Da-^aJallia Sarina, m.a.

Tin* Kauni.udimaliotsava and the Date of Kalida>a ... ... M7

By Brof. D.isaratha Sarnia, M..\.

Tile Invasioi js ii^in of tho Pi'atiiiam Dynasty ... ... ... I(i7

JJv Dr. D. C. (ianoiily, m.a., pii.d.

Ancioiit (xiia CoiiMiirrilaiies A llejoindor ... ... IG!)

Dy U. X. Ki i>Iinainurti Saiuia, M..\.

Reviews ISG

M i mod i

I h .i ti - u t-To uM I ihii Lvs SHk/i^

M Ilf/ lull h'iniiiir in- India

] 5 y Sii - .1 aduiiatli Sai'kar, kt., c.r.K,

Select Contents of Oriental Journals i s i

Bibliographical Notes I'H

Supplement:

IvalidasaVN Malavika|niiiiiiia : A Study Jly 1 >. K. Thiikore, m.a.

(M>NTKN'rs

Vm.v

"ri) Uormika, and tlio Origin oi lUidtMii' t Slii])as ... 1!)!)

By Brof. J. Bizylu-ki,

Date oi tlie J'ii.vl Mainya l*'inj)ei-oT ... ... LD 1

liy Soiii indra \atk liay, m.a.

Kin^.slii|) and Xol)ili1y in the Idlh (.'entnry ... ...

By Anileliandia Ikmerjet*, M..\.

Ilie Sedeiicidan Ivinii.-ioj" : tiielr Colns

and ('oin-iniitations in Jndia ... ... ... ^41

By Brot. Siirendra Ki-^or Cliaki !d)()r!ty, iii.d.

.\rir' (^a.Mn),.s Army ... ... ... ...

liy Dr. Nandalal Ciiatt(M ji, M. \., imi.d.

4lie Sin rt i-. oi tine K nnna-I*ui ana ... ...

liy Bajtnidra ('liandia llazia, .\l.A.

44ie Birtli-place of Bliavalilinf i ... ... ... 2S7

Wy lrof. V. V. Miraslii, m.\.

Bi'kkali ( 'o(j;\ai -plate ( ii ani ol l)e\(ndia Varma ... ... dOO

liy I;. 11. Ia'; 4 adeli Ba jak.dt .m mi i

4 lie ICaily ( 'll 1 oiKilo^i y ol Nepal ... ... 41)4

liy K. (i. Sankar, a.n.

Miscellany:

Ka( s ayaiia --I lie .Inii-l ... ... . 'ild

B\ \ . 1. K.i'iinliand? a Ddx-'liitar, m.v.

Kal\ayana (in* ( 1 1 ain.marian ... dKi

By y . B. Bann liandra DikDiitai, Ar.A.

4ln* Ba.st ManKIiaii Iriiie,- ... ... . . d.i()

By Ba,''ndeva 1 padliavaya, .M.a.

Sri .nvadharana ot tin* 4ipp]ali ( opper-plate

(Tiant, of liokaiiatlia ... ... ... ...

By Blot. Da.saratlia Sarnia, m.

Kaiitalya, Beon(>niii'^(nii( Coppcn- (Y*U ... ... ... ... 517

]ly Dr. (finndra Xatli ^ruklierjee, a. a., m.I).

Two Sliorl Heinaiks on Anoieiit Indian llislory ... ... 5iJ0

Pv Prof. Di'. .laid ( 'harpeni !(r, pii.J).

Iluniayuns Succession lo the ddiroiie ... ... ... 507

Py Pro!'. S. K. lianerji, m.a., D.riiir.

I^vc!lj< LeadiniL' up, jo the Pattle of Jhu)ipat, 171)1 ... ... 547

Py Sir Jadunatli Sarkar, Kt., M.A., r.r.r.

Miscellany:

A new Li}.;ht on (huni]a. ... ... ... ... 550

Py Sailaja Kiiikar Pai, m.a.

Hisjori al Tnloi njation in tin* Pjak? ta-Paihpalam ... ... 50. f

lly ])?. I). (\ (raiipuly, M.A., iMl.n.

A Study of the KatJia-Pj)anisad (lY. 1) ... ... ... 570

Py l)i. Ananda K. ( 'oomaiaswainy, d.sc.

An Pina-Mahe.svara Sculpl-ure from Penaren ... ... 5S1

Py 1). P. Di^kalkar, m.a.

Was Lokanatha a Karana by Ca.sfe? ... ... ... 5S5

Py 15 V. Kane, m.a., ij,.m.

Pa^hel Pa.ja VTiabhanu of (lahoru or Pandlio ... ... 5S7

Py .lanaki Praad, m.a., ix.n.

I ii 1

Page

Reviews :

Tlio J)arkar Side ot Dawn ... ... ... ... ')88

]{y Alva 11 C. lOastman

Annual Deport of the M.\^ore Ai< hjeoloickinig out from the context small bits of detached phrases, they would, have perused the whole of this short document. Instead of that Mr. Iyengar and Prof. Tucci were satisfied by retranslating the Tibetan passages into Sanskrit and showing in this way a lack of literal correspondence.*' But tb,is want of literal algreement was known from the beginning, it was not unknown to Dr. Vidyabliusana and l*i*of Keitjb. Mr. Iyengar and Prof. Tucci are quite all right when they point to the great chronological difficulty preventing the identification of the Vadavidhanatika with VinTtadey;P Yadanyayatika aind call our attention to the fact that the titles of the work Vudavidhi, Vadavidhana and Vadanyaya or Codananyaya are different and that Dharmakirtis theory of ni/jraJiasthanas appears as quite unknown to ITddyotakara. However none of these arguments taken separately seemed decisive. They were well known to Dr. Vidyn- blnisana and Prof. Keith but. not strong emmgh to induce them to change their 0])inioii. The most decisive argument adduced ))y Mr. Iyengar and Prof. Tucci consist, s in establishing the identity of the Yadavidlii mentioned in the Nyayavaittlka with the R t s o d-p a-si g r n b-p a quoted in the Pramanasamuccaya of Dignfiga. But this argu- ment is weakened by the differences of their ojiinion, since Mr. Ijeiigar thinks that the right lestoration of Rtsod-pa-sgi uh-iia cotdd, liave been Yadasiddiii(?)* as well as Yadavidbi, and Pr)f. Tucci is not (p\ite sure of the right Sanskrit iz.H ion of the jiassage f>f lM'anianasannic(aya, which

14 On this prohlcm cp. my invostigatioTi in Thr T.ogirnl AVorks of Vasii- hnndlm which is to nppor.r tioforo long.

15 Cp. Tucci, IHQ. vol. TV, pp. f>.Ti-ri.Tt: Tycnjiar, TTTQ., vol. V, p. S-j.

16 Cp. his article in JBOPS.. vol. XTI. /or. dt.

G Nya>ym'nrttil'a ^iid Yudatiy/ij/a

corresponds to the only quotuliou in tlio Nvayavrirttikn wlieie the title Vadavidlii occurs.*^

Tk'e complirated and not always conyiin-ing- arf^uinentat ioii of Mr. Tyenj>ar and Prof. Tucci ao-aisf, the theory of Dr. Vidya1)hu>ann would apjmar stioiiger if they simjdy had thnnvn a ciiisory odance at tlie wlude text of tile Vadanyaya; ihey th.en \yould have seen wliat real rel.ilion exists between tin's text and the Nyayavartiika.

The coiiteiits of the Vadanyava^ is condensed h/y Dhannakiili in a .sin;2de stanza whicJi is tlie only kurika mctnffriaJis) of this work.

The whole of the ieiiiainin* (ext represents its commentary. The stanza is the following one

sfjru,h~p(d y(niht(j wiJtrjodriHj Isk yon mi-hrjiuhya j

t.^har-hctifl-pn-yl yn/ix yin-yykj jfjzh'an ni ini rif/a phyiv ml fjdodj^* Piof. Tucci" has lightly jiointed to the fact that the wliolc of this stanza is quoted by Vacasiiat imisra in his N\ ayavaittikatatparyatTka

17 Pp. Tucci, I HQ., vol. IV, |>. 634.

IH Tlio most probabl:' Sanskrit title of It t s o i]-p,n, i-r i g, s-p a is in my opinion Vatlanyaya. wliicb appears in SfintiraUsita's commontary as well as in tho commentary of VinltatWva. However in the B s t a n-li g y n r tlie main

text is called Cotannya (sicl) which aciording to Prof. V. W. Thomas

rtaiids for Cotlanaiiyaya fep. Ids note on Prof. Tnecis articb* in the .[HAS,,

]i. 3-^1) or for Codyanyaya as suggested by P. Cord i e r (cp. his (^italogne dn

foods tihetain. III erne i)nrtie, Index dn Bstan-hgyiir. ]). 13S). I nevertheless prefer th( san.skritisation as \'adanyriya for the following reasons; Tn the con- elusion of ftantirak.sitas commentary (ep. VNV,, text. f. 431a 2 sq.'t we iind Bt^xl- pai-rigs-pa mentioned side hy side with lUsod-pa-sgnib-pa, which work we know ns Vadavidlii (cp. the translation of this passage in my T.ogiral works of 'S'nsiibandlin). There is but little probability that the Tilxdan translators being so exceedingly methodieal should have rendered two different woinIs ifTr/o and eod//hrased as in the Hhasya. DhariuakiTti follows CJddyotakara and mentions only the examjdes, but since liere both texts of the Bhasya and of the Vailllika coiiudde, he evidently could have taken the quotations from either source. However it is (dear, that he also in thi case had i^redominantly the Nyayavarttika in view, because in his polemic against the Naiyayiks on this variety, he mentions an argument which is contained in the polemics of Uddyota- kara against those who reject this kind of nigra ho^sthCwa. Some dia- lectitians have inaintaiiied that repetition is not a fault because it may

instead of In the sequel in his polemic apainst this passage Dharma-

klrti quotes this word' several times and in the Tibetan translation of VN we always find it in the form (/-'// agru whicli i a idcntly is nothing hut a dis- tortion of the word unintelligible to the Tihoian copyists.

70 NS y, 12 quoted in VN f. 408b 4.

71 In VNV f. 105b 4 we have a fuller statement hsgruh-imr-hya-ba (read h(jf(f-pa) med-na ijai) hsgrab-hiia-vii-ho'^itb-pai.jth ijir-ro [ f

72 NS V,, 2, 13 quoted in VN f. 408b 6-7.

73 Cp. NBh and NS V, 2, 13 and VN f. 408b 7.

74 NS V, 2, 14 quoted in VN f. 409a 1-2.

MARCH, 1935.

3

18

I^/yctyavdrttika and Yddanydya

be made with the aim of putting an emphasis on a meaning 511%-

answering them Uddyotakara remarks that in a logical con- troversy there is no teacher and no pupil, therefore there can be no instriictiou through repetil ion ^

DJiarinaklrti has evidently this rtmiark of the Nyayaviirttika wi view, when he says hdi-ni hla-ma yah um yin^ sidh-ma yah ma-yin-pchs-na etc/'

Going over to the fourteenth nigrahastlidaa called the ananu- hhdmiyY^ Dharina,kirti quotes in full the definition of the Nyaya'^utra, its explanation in the llhusya and also almost in full from the Nydya- vdrttiha the (ionti'OveiNy with Dignuga who, ns testified hy Vacaspatii- iniara, had rejected this definition/ I here give all the texts vn regard.

N y a y a -s u i r a (NS V, 2, 17)

N y a y a h Ji ai s y a (NJlli 525, 10-18)

srrlr-.

V a. d a n y a y a (VN 410a 1-2)

UhogJtda lap-gffum hrjod-pa ses h'h hin-hrjod-pa-de-'med-pa> dr-ni rjes- s u-snmid)a- m cd-pa yinde /

V a d a n y a y a (VN 410.1 2-8)

fshogs-pa? rgol-ha Inn-gmm-pni img-gt-don xex-hzhin-du phyir-rgoU has Ian -hrjod- palmed- pa gah-yin- pa de-ni rjes-su-smra^ha^7n>ed>2>a zhesdtyadta tshar^hcad^pni-gva^s- yin-no 1 1 landtrjod-jja-med-par ci- la brten-nas gzhan-gyi phyogs dgag~ 2 )a amra-par-hyedl /

76 NV p. 665, 9; NV^ ,p. 657, 22.

76 NVi p. 665, 12; NV2 p. 668,2.

77 VN f. 409a 7.

78 NS V, 2, 17 quoted in VN f. 410a 1-2.

Vacaspatimi^ra when explaining the objection

of Uddyotakara against the attacks on that definition, cp. NVTT* p. 607* 22; NVTT p. 718, 11.

Nydymdfttih'a and V ddanydya

19

Nyayavarttika

(NV* 565, 17-566, 8; NV* 558, 9-19)

(I) fsr!n[W!ir?fg

1 [ ] 3T1^

iR?r ffij ft

gtwW nfer i

(II) 9tft?r ff 3^ ^ft^ra: wm

5T sRg^n#, gives an additiojial example, which is absent in the Bliasya. Tn rihr^im it drops the example of the Bhu^ya and replaces it by a-notlier one. In matdnnjnd it adds an examjde and answers to the critics which flenied tlie necessity of esiablisliing sucli a niijnih. ser, i-3; nv^ p. .ku,

9-11. Op. VN f. 414a 1^2 iozhan-gyis^hrjod-pai skyOH un>^libyinpa-med-par khyod-kyi hd\ yan skyon yiii-no zhes-smra-har-hyed-de / dper-na khyod~kiy rkuii- ma yin-tef akyea-hu-liid-yin^pai-phyir-ro zhes-stnras-la des de-la star khyod kyat\-no thes-Bmra^ha-ltOr-huo. This example is altogether absent in the NBh \ the beginu- ing of the explanation of the NBh, although very similar to this one contains never- theless such words which ar absent in the NV and in the quotations iu the NV.

iA^\5>Q)

THE. KAMAKRiSHNA MISSION INSTITuTt OF CULTURE LIBKAHY

22

N yCiyawarttika and V&d-anydya

work whose aim it was to defend, possibly, by new argumeitits, the theory of the ^aiyayiks assailed by Dign^a.

If it is thus quite sure that.the Vatdanyaya contains extensive quota- tions from the Nyayavailtika, it becomes clear that the inversion of this relation is impossible, tJie Nyayava^jika qpnnot contain any quotations from tlile Vadanyaya.

Dr. Vidyabhusana however attempt#"to convince us that he has found in the text of the Nyayavartlika a quotation from the Vadanyaya, namely the definition of a Thesis ^^fP^rrfWR SlftHT I How in this possible?

If we carefully examine the passage of the Vadanyaya,* which, according to Dr. Vidyabhusana, is quoted in the Nyayavarttika, we will notice that in this place Dhaianakirti refutes the Naiyayika definition of pratijildntara-nigrahasthdna. In the process of this refutation he tries to show its internal incoiisisitency and if we in the phrasing of tliis refu- tation can discover some similarity with the definition of 'lyratijnd^ it can refer only to the definition of the Naiyayiks, not at all to his own.

The passage adduced by Dr. Vidyabhusana from tlie Vadanyaya represents the end of a phrase quite arbitrarily separated from tJie whole of it, a xihrase with which Dharmakirti begins his refutation of inatijhdntara.

Having explained the manner in which the Nyayabliusya and the Nyayavarttika interpret tlie fallacy, Dhannukirti says

Ityh- yah de-slad-du smras-jnu dam-hcas~/m-fjzhanl mar dam^hcan- pa xyrub-'/jai-p/iyir-rol I hafan-jHJtrdipyur-ba ma-yin^yyil hon-kyaii ytan~tsh i tjs khyad^par-du-byed-pa yin-te, dban-pox-yzuii-bar-hyurbai (jtan~tihi(js spyida hjuy-pax Ukhnd-par-hi }od pa-la J thano~cad-dudj,(jro- ha-imyinde / dbatVpos-gzuiirbar-bya-ba-riid^yin^pai-2diyir zUes-^ bya-hami gtan-Uhigs khyad-par^hycd^pa kjias^blans^pax JikhrvUpa .sfmns-jja-yiutjyil davi-bcas-pa-yzhan yah mt/ta^-pa ma^yin-tej thams- ('ad-dv-h(jro-ba~ma~yin-pami sgrada gnih-pai-phyir dahj dam-bcah-ha yah h^grubhya bxtan-jfai-jfbyir-roj / .

yah yah shar dam-bcms-pa bitgrub-pai-jdiyirj jdiyis-kyi dam^-bcas^ pa smras-jta-y in-no zhes dam-bcas-pa hstan-pa de yah rigs-pa Tncu-yin^te j

04 VN f. 899a 2.

^ yaymarttika and V ddanifay a 28

dam-hcas-pa dam-bcaa-pas sgruh^par^hycd-pauphyir zhesdjya-ha hrjod- 2)(J^y^^l dam-bcax-pn gzhmi-diuhgyyi-ha ma^yin-yyi j hon lyaii (/fan- tshii/s-la-^ifofjjf-pff fjzhan-du , hufjnih-pni-hya-hd agrvb-pai-h yed -pa i-(dhed,- du, l(has-blans-paiphyir I sgruh-p(vr-byed-pa h^tan-yar-hanur-gyi j litgrvh-pai-hya-ha-hsfan-ija-m via yhi-nol

This means: (The distputant) who thus speaksi* does>not indicate a new thesis in order to prove the former one, lie only additionally quali- fies lii{i own argument. Having adduced (in order to prove that the sf>uud is not an eternal suhstamie) the faulty argument of being sensational, since this feature also appertains to universal^, he excludes this fault by an additional specification of the argument, in saying that (the sound is not eternal) because it is sensational and not omnipresent. He does not assume a new thesis, since it is (sufficiently) known that sound is not omnipresent, whereas a thesis indicates tliat (only) which ougiit now to be established (the prohanditvi)*'^

The opinion (of the Naiyayiks) that a t h e s i s is here staled, that another thesis is here adduced, in order to prove the first one, is wrong. For if it were right that we have here a new thesis adduced as a proof for a former one, the thesis would be altered, but it is not so, because changed is the logi(?al reason adduced for the proof of the pro- handuia. Changed is the proof, not the thing to be proved.

Having quite arbitrarily torn away the concluding words of the first phrase of this refutation which aims exclusively at showing the incon- sistency in the definition of pratvjildnfam from the stand-point Oif the Naiyayiks, Dr. Vidyabhusana represents these concluding words (dnin-

96 VN f. 398b 7-399a 4.

96 This contest, as Vacaspatimii^ra informs us (NVTT p. 701, 9), is between a Vaibhasika and a Mimamsaka. The first maintains sound Is not an eternal substance, since it is apprehended by the senses, just as a jar (apprehended by vision). The Mimaipsaka objects; ''the Universals likewise are apprehended by the senses, but they nevertheless are eternal. The former answers; jar and sound are not omnipresent, hence the objection is not valid. This answer accord- ing to the Naiyayiks is a pratijfldntara-nigrahasth&nay i.e. shifting from one thesis to another.

97 It is just these last words that Dr. Vidyabhusana had mistaken for a definition of what a Thesis must be for Dharmakirti.

24

NynyaxHifttika and V adanyaya

bcah-ba yaii bsgruh-bya bstan^yaUphyir-ro) ad corresponding to the de- finition of pratijiid qiiofted from the Vadavidhi ^rpiqTfWR 5lfilflT. But the context clearly shows that Dharmakirti does not give here his own definition of a right logical thesis, ^ince such is not his aim ; he perhaps alludes, as inertioned above, to its definition by the Naiyayiks, not by the Buddhists.

The Naiyayika definition of a thesis is which is always rendered in Tibetan as hsfji'vb-hyadysttm-jia^fti dam-hcnii-hno-

The definition of a tliesiw in the Vadavidiii is srf ^y r,

a*nd this is always rendered in Tibetan as hsgmh-bya-hrjod-pfMu davh-Uoiah-bcto,

The way of tianslating Sanskrit technical terms into Tibetan is settled with a great precision; the Tibetian bryo/Z-pa (;orresponds to SaiLskrit nhhidhdna^ the Tibetan bHo.'i^'pa or sfon-pa (it is the same) renders the Sanskrit ivirdem. Both translations of the rramauavsamii- (MUiyavrtti contain quotations from tJie Nyayasutra, and the definition of ttie Vadavidhi. They are quoted ,siide by side and rndhyanirdetia is tran- slated as biigvnhd)ynd)st(in~2)af but sddhydhhidbCmu as hagruh-bya-brjod- IKfV We find the same correspondence in the Tibetan translation of the commentary of Jiiieiidrabuddhi^" etc. In the present case also, in the definition of the fallacy cadled i)rafijudn>tai*n^ whicJi is criticized by Diiaamakiili we find mentioned (irthaniidcki whicli is rendered in Tibetan as don-bsfmi-pa, just a,s in the Vadanyaya and in {^anti^akHita^s Vadanyayavrtti/^' Thus even admitting that this end of a phrase con- tains an allusion to a definition of pratijnd^ this allusion refers in any case to the definition of the Naiyaryiks, not to the definition of Dharma- kijrfti.

NS 1,1, .33.

fM) Cp. Praniuna'iainurca.va of Dignupa, Bstan-IiR^^ur, Mdo O? (XCL) f. 7a I (of Nartlinng o(lition); Prnjn;lnasaiiiiicon.vavrtti 1st translation, ihUhm f. 4/>a 4 and f. 45b 4 etc; Pramanasamucca.^ avrtti, Jnd tran.slntion, ihnhm, f. 127n 4 etc. anl f. 127b 4 etc.

100 Cp. Pramunasamiiccayatika of Jinendrahiuldhi, Bstan-hgyur, Mdo, Ro (CXV) f. t72a i etc. and f. 174b 4 etc. (of Narthang edition).

101 NS V, 2, 3; VN f. ,39Sb 2 and \ NV f. 86b 3.

Nydyckoarttiha and V&danydya 26

If it is thus by numerous quotaiious firmly established that the Vadaiiyaya cannot be quoted in the Nyayavarttika it is a fortiori clear tlait ittJ commentary the Vadanyayattku can in no case be quoted there. However Dr. Vidyabhusana has succeeded in finding in the Nyayavar- tiika a quotation even fixtm this souixie.

As far aa the definition of vada is concerned Dr. J h a has already called our attention to the fact that Vataspatimisra fathers this definition upon Vasubandhu and that Uddyotakara himself indi- cates itis source as Vadavidliana (as is seen from the second revised edition of the Nyayavarttika).^* It is true that Dr. Jha ascribed its authorship to a Subandhu*^" but this was owing to a misreading of the first edition of the Nyayavarttikatatparyatika.^^ Its emendation Was sug- gested among others by Dr. Vidyabhusana himself.

It is superfluous to insist that this definition could not be taken from Viuitadevas Vadanyayutika, since we already i)oasesis a weighty testimony tliat it belonged to another author and was taken from another work. Moreover Mr. Iyengar and Prof Tucci have rightly pointed to the want of identity between this definition of vada and the passage

102 Cp. Dr. Jlia, op c/'t , vol. I, p. 454 (of reprint). Dr. H, N. Handle (cp.

liis Fraf^inciits from Diuuagu, pp. 20 and 55) is responsible for the legend which after him is repeated by Prof. B. Keith (IHQ., vol. IV, p. 224) and by Dr. E. Frauwallncr (Wiener Zeitschrift f. d. kunde d. Morgenlaiidcs, 1933, p. 284), the legend maintaining that Dr. Jha has himself replaced the reading ot the

first edition of NV by the reading But this is wrong. Dr. Jha states

it quite clearly. He declares that he here follows the second edition which, although appeared in 1915 (the title page has 1916) was in his possession already in 1913. On p. 269 of the first volume of his work (which corresponds to p. 329 of the periodical Indian Thought for the year 1913), Dr. Jha says: From hero the translation has the advantage of using the Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series edition and then many times quotes the new edition of NV under the title Chowkhamba editionor Benares edition.

103 Dr. Jha, op, cit.^ vol. I. p. 464 (of reprint).

104 Cp. Tucci, IHQ., voj. IV, p. 636; Frauwallner, op. lit.^ p, 284. Dr. Randle (op. fit., p. 26) mad an attempt to explain Subandhu as an abbreviation of Vasubandhu, on the pattern of Kirti for Dharmakirti etc. But this is quite impossible as pointed out by Prof. B. Keith, IHQ., vol. IV, p. 226.

106 Dr. Vidyabhusana, History of Indian 'Logic, p. 128.

t.BQ., MARCB^ 1935.

4

126

Nydyavatttika and Vddanyuyd

ciiscoveied by Dr. Vidyabliuf^aua in the Vadanyayatikal.'"* It is rather sii-ange that Prof. Keith tried to defend a .hopeless position. Ihe definition of vdda occuiiis in the text of the Nyuyavuritikia twice^^and Vacaspatimisra, as quite natural], informs us about ils author only once. This single indication is made in connection just with that quotation which Dr. Vidyabhusana nevertheless fathers upon Vinita- deva.^'* Prof. Keith then made the suggestion that Viniitadeva may have been the author of that quotation in connection with which Vacaspatimisra does not name the author. This suggestion was sup- ported by a misreading in the first edition of the Nya.ynvartti.ka where tlio two quotations appear in a slightly different grammatical form. In one case, when this defijiition of vdda is only occasionally mentioned in course of a discussion on the right logical reason or hctu, it has the quite exact form, to wit I ^ ^ Hut

in another' place, when tJiis definition is quoted and di'scussed, it lias iJie form of ^ Tliis misprint is corrected

in the second edition of the NyayavarUi,ka where the second quotation has just, the same gram.matical form as the first. But Prof. Keiih^ taking his stand on the miisprinted form and on the circumstance that Vacaspatimisra refers to the liame of th author

106 Cp. Tufci, IHQ., vol. JV, p. G;U3; lyougar, IHO., vol. V, i. 85. 1 must add that Dr. Vidyabhusana applied in this instunio Uo same method of arbitrarily tearing out of a pliraso soino dotaelied words. Th passage in tlio VaJanyfiyatika is toru out of a phraso which contains an explanation of the word duod-iM-dag^ the first word with wliich the Tibetan text of the Vridanyaya. begins and which means vudiiwu i.e. both partners in a v.oatrovcrsy. The passage runs thus,

rtwd-im-dag-la zhes-hyn-ha-smrns-te i>h yi-nm-dnfj yons-

s itdi ditin-pa-snon -du-so h-pu i-rgol-ha-dail-pli m r-vgoi-ba-du g-g is ru h-du h-gzh mHiyi^

phyo(j}f-grub-par~hyed-pa.dui\~iirub-}m-oiind word,

is not given (instead of the two separate word.s ^q - j r q^^l :

2

Uddyotakara insists that the purity of a scientific style requires here a con],]K)und (samdm) ; its division in two separate words makes the definition heavy, unsuitable in a scientific work {msfra) as the Vfuhividhrma is considered to be by its adherents.^ Therefoie it ought to have been clear to every one who hwked into TUldyotakaras text that the definition he is criticizing must necessarily have luul the form as given in the

second revised edition of tl:e Nyayavarttika."* Thi