fujifilm - e2v l3 vision
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision CCD Technology
INTRODUCTION
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision TechnologyHow sensitive is a CCD?
• How low the noise floor is� Noise sets the limit to the minimum detectable signal
Three key factors determine the low light sensitivi ty of a CCD:
Interline transfer
Frame transfer
• Number of photons / pixel / unit time� Dependent on pixel area
� With all else equal, a 16 µm square pixel gathers 4x the light of an 8 µm square pixel
• How well light is converted to signal electrons� High quantum efficiency
� Back illuminated CCDs convert over 90% of 550 nm light to signal electrons
• Maximum open area ratio� Frame transfer CCDs are 100% fill factor� Interline transfer CCDs are not 100% fill factor
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision TechnologyMaximizing Signal to Noise
• Shot Noise on the Dark Signal
� Cool sensor to eliminate dark current
• Noise from the CCD Output Amplifier
� Reduce readout rate
• Noise added by the video chain electronics
� Optimise design of electronics
Main Sources of Noise
Reduce the noise = Improve the CCD Sensitivity
Benefit from L3Vision Technology
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision TechnologyWhat L3Vision is…
• Low Light Level Technology
• A CCD technology that provides <1 photo-electron equivalent read noise at video rates or higher
• An impact ionisation gain process within the CCD that amplifies signal electrons up to 1000 times so that they may be detected above the CCD output and electronics noise.
• A unique technology developed by e2v technologies
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision TechnologyWhat L3Vision is NOT…
• L3Vision CCDs do NOT use image intensifiers
• L3Vision CCDs are NOT electron bombarded CCDs (EBCCDs).
• L3Vision CCDs are NOT CMOS image sensors
… L3Vision CCDs are simply CCDs
… and are sometimes known as EMCCDs (Electron Multiplying CCDs)
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision TechnologyConventional CCD
Charge to Voltage Conversion
Iφφφφ1Iφφφφ2Iφφφφ3Image/Store Areas
Rφφφφ1 Rφφφφ2 Rφφφφ3
Readout Register
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision TechnologyL3Vision CCD
Iφφφφ1Iφφφφ2Iφφφφ3
Rφφφφ1Rφφφφ2Rφφφφ3 Rφφφφ2HV
Multiplication Register
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision TechnologyHow the gain process works
• The charge multiplication elements
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision TechnologyOther noise sources
• Dark current� The CCD must be cooled to completely eliminate dark current – even at 1000
frames per second
• Clock-induced charge or spurious charge� Can be almost eliminated by reducing clock rise times & careful voltage adjustment
� <0.1 e/pixel/frame is possible in inverted mode, <0.003 e/pixel/frame is possible in non-inverted mode
� See L3Vision Technical Note #4 for more details….
• Excess Noise Factor…� The gain process adds noise due to the gain probability distribution.
σout2 = σin
2 x Gmean2 x F 2
Where σout2 = variance of output signal
σin2 = variance of input signal
Gmean = mean gain
F = excess noise factor
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision TechnologyCCD Quantum Efficiency
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
Wavelength (nm)
QE
(%
)
Back-illuminated w/ midband AR coating (-20C)Back-illuminated
w/ broadband AR coating (-20C)
Front-illuminated (+20C)
Front-illuminated with lumogen coating (+20C)
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision TechnologyL3Vision CCDs vs ICCDs
ICCD Advantages• Gated operation• Mature and accepted technology• Low power consumption
ICCD Disadvantages• Poor daylight performance• Susceptible to damage• Poor resolution• High excess noise factor
Image Intensifier
CCD
Fiber optic coupling
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision TechnologyL3Vision CCDs vs ICCDs
L3Vision CCD Advantages
• Increased spatial resolution & SNR givinggreater dynamic range
• No halo from bright sources allowing visible detail in adjacent pixels
• Not susceptible to damage from bright lights• No scintillations giving improved image quality• High photo-sensitivity (QE up to ~95%)• Solid state giving lower life-cycle cost• No high voltages required• Excellent for day and night operation
L3Vision CCD Disadvantages• Moderate power consumption
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision TechnologyCamera Features
• High Dynamic Range
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision TechnologyCamera Features
• Fast recovery from bright lights
Click to edit Master title style
• Spot light performance is far superior to Gen III ICCD
L3Vision TechnologyCamera Features
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision TechnologyFeature Summary
• Electron Multiplication allows even the smallest sig nals to be seen
• Back-illumination means superb quantum efficiency� ~95% QE at 550 nm with mid-band AR coating
• Square pixels, scientific format sensors are available
• Large pixels for high signal to noise ratio available� High full well capacity and dynamic range
• Cameras are available that fully exploit the L3visio n features� Automatic level control
� Digital image enhancement (filtering, dynamic gamma)
� Digital & analogue outputs� Ultra-low light level performance
Click to edit Master title style
Quarter Moonlight
L3 Vision TechnologyCamera comparison
e2v
L3C65 Analogue
Sony
Ex-view
e2v
L3C95Digital
Omni-4 Gen3 ICCD
Click to edit Master title style
Sub Starlight
(0.5 mlux)
L3 Vision TechnologyCamera comparison
e2v
L3C95Digital
Omni-4 Gen3 ICCD
e2v
L3C65 Analogue
Sony
Ex-view
Click to edit Master title style
Custom L3Vision camera for C130-J upgrade
Click to edit Master title style
L3 Vision - Defence & Aerospace Market
•Reconnaissance Pod
Images courtesy of Thales Optronics UK
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision TechnologyLegacy Camera Products
L3C60� 128(H) x 128(V)
� 500 frames per second
� Analog video output
� Internally cooled CCD for reduction of dark current
� IMO for reduced dark current
� Automatic gain control adjusts to varied lighting
L3C65� 576(H) x 488(V) or 576(H) x 576(V)
� Analog video output
� Internally cooled CCD for reduction of dark current
� Automatic gain control adjusts to varied lighting
L3C95 / L3C85� 768(H) x 488(V) or 768(H) x 576(V)
� Analog or Digital video output
� Internally cooled CCD for reduction of dark current
� Digital control of operating modes – USB2.0 or RS232
� Real time digital image enhancement
� Extremely low minimum usable light level (10x lower than L3C65)
� Fully automatic operation over NINE decades of illumination.
Customization available
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision TechnologyNew Video Camera Product
L3C216� 768(H) x 488(V) or 768(H) x 576(V)
� Analog or Digital video output
� Internally cooled CCD for reduction of dark current (fan-less)
� Back-thinned L3Vision CCD with QE up to ~95%
� Digital control of operating modes – Camera Link or RS232
� Real time digital image enhancement
� Extremely low minimum usable light level (10x lower than L3C65)
� Fully automatic operation over NINE decades of illumination.
� Reduced power consumption (6W typical, 12W max)
� Reduced size (and modular design version planned)
� RoHS Compliant
Customization available
Click to edit Master title style
• Camera customisation to meet military specifications and airborne applications
• Also available as a sensor-head board and driver board-set and as CCD sensors
Please send us you requirements!
L3Vision TechnologyVideo Camera Customization
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision TechnologyScientific CCD products
• Back-illumination and sub-electron-equivalent read noise� Basic process mid-band and broadband AR coatings available� QE up to ~95%. Near theoretical detection limit
• CCD201 (BI and FI)� 1024 x 1024 frame transfer� 13um square pixels� Up to 15MHz readout� Dump drain for fast ROI readout
• CCD97 (BI and FI)� 512 x 512 frame transfer� 16um square pixels� Up to 10 MHz readout � Dump drain for fast ROI readout
• CCD60 (BI and FI)� 128 x 128 frame transfer� 24um pixels� Up to 1000 fps� Dump drain for fast ROI readout
• CCD39 (BI and FI)�80 x 80 split frame transfer�24um square pixels�Up to 1000 Frames per second�Particularly suited for the tracking of point source objects
Click to edit Master title styleL3Vision TechnologyApplication areas
• Scientific imaging� Single molecule fluorescence
� High throughput screening� Adaptive optics / wave-front sensing
� Photon counting
� Ground based astronomy� See www.ing.iac.es/~smt/LLLCCD/marcl3.htm
• Surveillance and Reconnaissance � TV format� Airborne & Ground-based surveillance
� Underwater Imaging
� Driver view enhancement� Commander’s night-sight
� Pushbroom imagers
Click to edit Master title style
The End
Thank you for listening, do you have any questions?
L3Vision Technology