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    Xeleka 1

    Fuad Heme Xord(Macistr di Ceografiya de)

    1983Wergerandin ji Ereb

    Cankurd2001

    Mijard pirtk:Sergotina wergr, Pgotina

    niviskarZiman Kurd, Zaravn ziman

    KurdNexeya zaravn Kurd

    Encam

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    The Kurdish language and thegeographical distribution of its

    dialectsBy

    Fuad Hama KhorshidNr- in national library-Baghdad: 180-

    year 1983

    Diyar: Bo Bav min Heme XordMustefa

    Sergotina wergr

    Ji z ve min dixwast, ku ez li ser kok kaniyn zar Kurd,c warn zaravn zar me y xweik pirtkek binivisim,

    ji bo v yek j ez li jdern mijar digeriyam, ta carek diserldaneke bar Kurdistan de, ez prg pirtka seydaFuad Heme Xord hatim di pirtkxaneyeke bajr Dihok a rn de. Xwed dizane, ku ew pirtk sala 1988 ketiye wpirtkxaney ji ber ku bi Ereb li ser berg w y pnhatiye nivisn, ku ev ji pirtkn [Sad, Mm H] ye drok mze li bin in.

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    Gava min ev pirtk dt, min pwst bi nivisandineke dne dt, loran seyda Fuad Heme Xord berhemeke tij dagirt kurt ji me re amade kiriye, lew re min biryaraxwe da, ku pirtka w ji Ereb werbigernim bo Kurd,da xwendevann me yn bi Ereb nizanin j lit sd hodey j bigirin.

    Dibe, ku hinek ewt di wergerandin de hebin, lez bi hv me, ku di demek p de, kesek jhattir wanaiyan serrast bike v xebat bi zanat p ve bibe..

    Mebesta min ten ewe, ku xwendevan bi asan tbigihnenaveroka pirtk, ne diyarkirina hunera wergerandinye.

    De bila hn v yek j li ser me wek kmasnebnin, loran ji Xwed p ve kesek b ewt kmasnne

    Xwed pitvan me hejaran nezanan be..

    Cankurd, payza 2001

    Pgotina niviskar

    Hinek pirtk gotarn, ku li Iraq derketine, liser mijara ziman kurd rawestiyane, weku jimareke ji

    rwing rojhilatnasn ji crecre welatan j bi teherek anbi yek din ev mijar anne zimn, bi w yek li ba me

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    komek ji rayn ne li ser hev di maf koka v ziman de liser hejmara zaravn w yn herm pda bne, biweyek, ku tevliheviyeke raman bo lner tgiht j, birastiya jhata v ziman pkeftina w ya drok pdadike.

    Lew re, ev lkoln bi piek hrnrn bnavber liser xwendina mijara ziman kurd radiweste, ji aliy jhataw ya ziman ve belvabna zaravn w yn herm, li gorrastiyn, ku me kan bn ji jdern hene bi dest xistana, bi

    ser ve j civandina hinek agahiyn w bi rya lkolna diqad de li hinek herman.

    Ev lkoln bizav dike, ku bersiveke himend bidewan rayn ewt, ku hinek jderan li ser jhata v ziman,lkirine, wilo j hinek egern di paaxdana van zaravande aniye zimn, pit re ew bi belavkirineke ceograf ya

    njen belav kirine ji wan re nexeyeke xweyaniydanaye lkir niviskar-muellf hv dike, ku evlkoln alkariy di pdakirina ramaneke xuyan rastekde bi cih bne li ser jhata v ziman tkiliyn w bizimann Indo-Europ re ji aliyek ve, li ser zaravn wyn herm belavbna wan a ceograf ji aliyek din ve, neten li ba xwendevan kurd, l bel li ba hem hajkirnlkoln mijarn mina v, ji kurn gel me y raq ji Ereb Kurd hindikahiyn din.

    Min kurtahiya v lkoln di kovara ElMecmeeEl-Ilm El-Kurd, cild 3, hejmar 2, sal 1975 de, belav kir, para yekem j, ku bi ziman Kurd ve girday ye, di

    rojnameya El-Iraq, hejmar (366), di 09.05.1977 de belavkiriye. Bir duw j, ku girday zaravan e, kurtiya w di

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    w rojnamey de hejmara (1620) de, di 10.06.1981 dehate belavkirin.

    Di v lkoln de hinek serrastkirin xuyankirin binxzikn n pir hene, mebest ji wandayna ramaneke nzktir ji berhevhatin li ser mijarnw hebe, bi hviya ku ew balkiya hem bispor hemj xwendevanan bi ser xwe ve bne.

    Bexdad: 06.09.1981

    FuadHeme Xord

    Birr 1

    Ziman Kurd

    Di lkolna lgerek de bo makaziman Kurd zaravn w,hejmareke ne hindik ji rayn rw rojhilatnasan, ku hatine gotin, tp w, di war koka v ziman de,

    p

    venn w yn drok parn zaravn w, tkiliyn w bizimann hevsern crann w re,bi terzek tevlihev, ku h b bingeh b himendiyeke zanyar ye.

    Snornasna kesaniya serbixwe ji

    her zimanek re, ber her titdaxwaza kirina gelek lkoln

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    xwendin danberheviyn hr dike,bi mebesta vegerandina w bokokn w yn drok yn Kevin.Hema pxwebna hinek bjeynzimanek, bi zimanek din hevserre, bo biryarkirin, ku ev zimanten zaraveke ji zaravn zimanhevser an jaxeke ji w, eve titekpir pday ye hejar nanknzanyar ye.

    Li ser v lgirtin qiyas, zimanKurd ne wek hinek rw niviskarn ne agahdar n netgihtne, bawer dikin, ku evzaraveke lerzok texlt e ji zimanFars, ne j, ev zaraveke ji zaravn

    gelr yn Fars, ku b rziman b ser bin e ([1]), wilo j ew nezimanek ji koka Hind ye ([2])

    Van hem rayan, weku lkolnn nbi cih kirine, gelek ji rastiy rastniy drin ([3]). A rast ewe, kuziman Kurd bi dmen xwe yxuyan wek herdu zimannPehlew Farsiya njen e, ji aliyciyawaz pvenn w ji zimanAvsta, l bel wek her zimanek boKurd j kesaniya w ya serbixwe

    heye ([4]).

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    Egern evana ajotine w baweriya wan a ewt, liser jhata ziman Kurd, an maka w, kmbnaberhem kelepr wjevan ye, ku bi ziman Kurdhatine nivisandin, bi taybet di dawiyn sedsalaNeh destpkn sedsala Bstan de, ew ku pdiviyawan (Lkolneran) j re heb, bo xwendin danberheviyn di v mijar de ji aliyek ve, ji berpirbna zaravn ziman Kurd ji aliyek din ve, vanherdu kiryar carina dihlin, ku bo kes biyan ybizava xwe dike da tbigihne v ziman bi tevay,

    etiniyn mezin pda bibin ([5]), dihlin, ku rayekne nz li ser jhata w (ziman) b dayn.

    Behra btir ji rojhilatnasan di lkolnn xwe deber bi w baweriy ve diin, ku h pgiradanaziman Kurd (wek zaravek an axek) bi zimanFars re tuneye, ters w yek, ew zimanek xudan

    taybetiyn serxwebna xwe ye ji wan rojhilatnasanem dikarin bi taybetJust Socin bi nav bikin ([6]).

    Rojhilatnas yekem (Just) li ser w yekradiweste, ku ziman Kurd ne axeke ji ziman Fars ynjen, ku dest binven gihaye w, l bel ew gelek cihye ji Fars, ji aliy saziya w ya deng j axderxistin ve.Hema Socin diyar kiriye, ku ziman Kurd ne zarvaekexk e bo ziman pehlew ne j bo Farsiya njen. L beltitek drtir heye di war tkiliya wan de, bi ser ve jSocin diyar kiriye, ku ziman Kurd ji ziman Fars ykevnare ax nedaye.

    Raste, ku bo ziman Kurd

    tkiliyeke dr dirj bi zimanFars re heye ji ber ku herdu

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    endamn komika zimann Indo-Europ ne (Indo-European Langauges)l bel ewan ji hevdu cih ne jigelek aliyan ve, i di bjeyan de idi rziman derxistin serf de,an j di lvkirin de ([7]) , ikuziman Kurd, wek Sedny Smith liser rawestiye, zimanek bi ser xweye, teviya serxwebna w heye, bo w pkeftinn drok yn rastn

    hene ([8]). Ew zimanek Ar y hjaye, ji kevnedem ve ta roja me ya ro li iyayn Kurdistan, biweyek paqij sax dij ([9]).

    Bo ku em wateya ziman ya komikazimann Indo-Europ ba binasin,

    ta i derax tkiliya ziman Kurdbi wan zimanan re heye, div emhinek rastiyn drok bnin balan,Arxeolociyan berav kirine, kuteherek hevpar bo aristaniyekemirov ya kevnare heye, pitkutabna serdema kevir ya njen liser pareke fireh a zevnn chanakevin belav bye, wek li Romaniya,bar Uris, Sse, Bilcistan,Hindistan Turkistan Kurdistan. bi encama w zanyar gihane wgotin, ku bguman ev aristanya

    hevber di pdakirina yekneteweyek de j heb ye, li gor

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    belavbna diyarkn w aristaniy ji Hindistan ta bi Europa, lew renav Indo-Europ li w gel kirin([10]).Ew gel (netewe) ji gelek l b, kuber kokirin belavbna xwe, dinit xwe y Kevin de dijiya, lidetn, ku li aliy rojhilat bakurrojhilat ji zirey Qezwn dikevin([11]). ji ber ku teviya wan lan

    yek gel b, ewana -bi nzkay- biyek ziman dipeyivn, ku j re nav(Ziman Indo-Europ) hatiye dann, ji w ro- hem zimann, ku gelnAr p dipeyivin, ax dane ([12]).

    Ziman Indo-Europ ([13]), ku

    ziman Kurd yek ji axn w ye,ew j bi xwe ji zimanek pdrokpda bye, axnas w bi naveziman Indo-Europ y pek(Proto-Indo-European) navdikin, t bawerkirin, ku ew ber dihezarsala pncemn a ber Zaynde li dar b ([14]).

    Zimand Hindo-Iran

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    Komikn

    Iran

    Qezwn Hind Durd

    Ev ziman bi kokirina geln Indo-

    Europ re belav b, ewn ku herkomek ji wan ber xwe dabhermek ji hermn chana kevin, bi taybet li Asiya Europa parek ji wan di em Donau rederbas b ko kir wecizra

    Balkan Europa rojhilat, ewanapsern Bav bavprn Ynan

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    Roman n din n ji geln europyn, ku bi zimann Europiyn nihodipeyivin, di dema ku pareke din jiwan ber bi bar rojhilat ve giha serhedn Hindistan li Sind Pncab Pnc av bi cih warb, ewana Ariyn bar Asiyane, ewin n, ku ro bi zimannHind ji komika ziman Indo-Iranli bar Asiya dipeyivin.

    Hema par syem ber xwe da biAsiya Bik iyayn Zagros ve li Iran Kurdistan belav b, dipiya hatiyn nav iyayn Zagrosde Got hebn, pit re Md hatin([15]) psern gel Kurd ([16]).

    Weku yna Parthan ber bi bakurIran ve Farsan ber bi bar wve, ku ta niha ew par Iran biIqlm Fars t navkirin, van tevanbi komek ji zimann hevnz wekhev di hinek taybetiyn ziman dedipeyivin, ji wan re nav komikazimann Iran ([17]) hatiye danan.(Iranean Languages) ewn, kuaxekin ji zimann Indo-Europ,wek awa di ikl Nr. (2) de hatiyeravekirin.

    Li ser v bingeh, di ziman Indo-Europ de komikek zimann

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    serekn e gelek liqn w li herduzevnparn Asiya Europa hene,evin:

    1- Komika Hindo-Europ

    2- Komika Anatol3- Komika Ital4- Komika German5- Komika Kilt6- Komika Baltk-

    Silav

    hinek zimanin din, ku meradikare wan bi hrnrn di ikl Nr.(2) de berav bike.

    Van komikn ziman bi xwe parvedibin and zimanan an komikin

    ziman yn ne serekn, ku hemzimann Indo-Europ yn njendigirin nav xwe. Komika Indo-Europ parve dibe van komiknziman yn ne serekn:1- Dard2- Hind

    3- Qezwn (seba ZireyQezwn)

    4- Iran

    di komika ziman ya Iran degelek ziman hene, evin:1- Kurd

    2- Belc3- Suxdiyan

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    4- Pitow5- Avsta6- Farsiya kevin

    [ binre ikl Nr. 2 ]

    hatiye beravkirin, kunzkahiyeke ziman ya diyar dinavbera komika zimann Hind Iran de heye, daketina wan diyek qefteke ziman de, ku bi nav

    (Zimann Indo-Europ) t nasn,nana v yek ye, bawer p heye,ku ew mak komikn zimannHind Iran yn niho ye, ku ewanj pkin in.Hema komika ziman ya Iran, kuherdu zimann Kurd Fars

    hinde zimann, ku me berlvkirine, j hatine pdakirin, pardibe s behrn serekn, ewan jevin:

    1. Zimann Iran yn bakurrojavay

    2.3. Zimann Iran yn bar

    rojavay4.

    5. Zimann Iran yn rojhilat

    Ziman Kurd ji komika yekemn e,l y Fars ji komika duwemn e([18]). ev j nana serxwebna

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    her yek ji wan ji y din e. weku jiikl Nr. (2) j berav dibe, zimanKurd zimanek serbixwe ye neliqeke an zaraveke herm ye, ku jiziman Fars pda bye, wek awaikil babeta tkiliya rastn dinavbera herdu zimanan de diyardike, ew tkiliya, ku li ser bingehaendametiya komika zimann Iran, wilo ji me re ji teviya ew

    derbasby rohn dibe, ku zimanKurd zimanek serbixwe ye, bo w j, ji aliy pvena drok ve,serxwebneke diyar heye, evserxwebn kesaniya w ya zimanya pnas di nav hem zimann Irande dide w, wek zimanek pir kevin,

    di rya pvena xwe ya zimanre, di nav crecre serdeman re, biweyek serbixwe, bi teviyaserxwebna xwe ji y Fars, ye([19]).

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    :-

    1960((-1

    -2 )(1926

    -3 ((1975

    )(-41 1958

    )(-51953

    -6 )( 1948

    (-7 (.196112

    19651965((-8

    :

    )(-1 1972

    (-2 1971(

    (-3

    19714)

    (-4 1960(

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