frontier war essay who fought? what strategies were used? describe the red river war (in detail)...
TRANSCRIPT
Frontier War Essay• Who fought?• What strategies were used?• Describe the Red River War (in detail)
– What battles occurred– Where– Who– How long did it last– How did it end
• Discuss the Rio Grande Campaign• Who were the Buffalo Soldiers and what did they do?• When did the war end?• What effect did the Frontier Wars have on the
Indians?
Longhorns• Brought by Spaniards in
1500’s• Horns may be 6 ft. wide• Run fast• 1700’s and 1800’s:
– Herds grew– American and
Mexican settlers began ranches in South Texas
– Longhorns used to start herds
Early Texas Ranchers
• King Ranch is best known
• Begun by Richard King
• Became larger than the state of Rhode Island
• Near Corpus Christi
Rise of Cattle Business
• BEFORE CIVIL WAR– Millions of longhorns in
Texas– Sold for only $4 each– Ranchers raised cattle for
leather and for tallow, or fat, which was used in candles and soap
• AFTER CIVIL WAR– Northern cities wanted
beef– Price of longhorns
rose from $4 to $40– Northern cities made
cattle ranchers more money
– Cattle drives began– One trail used was
Chisolm Trail to Abilene, Kansas
Famous Women Ranchers
• Margarita Villareal• Florencia Bonavide• Paula Rodriguez, • Lizzie Johnson Williams• Margaret Heferman Borland
• Could own land, but could not vote!!
Cowhands/Cowboys
• Drove the cattle north• 1/4 were Mexican or African
American• Began with spring roundup - cattle
branded• Long drive began - took about three
months• Moved cattle 15 miles a day• Leader was trail boss• Had to be ready for stampedes
End of the Cattle Kingdom
• The end began when farmers began sharing the plain and fencing their land.
• Ranchers began fencing their land, too.• Fences:
– Before 1870 - rocks or wood– 1873 - Joseph Glidden of Illinois - sold barbed wire - a twisted
wire with sharp points– Led to fighting– Made long drives harder
• Drives ended when railroads were built into Texas
PowerPoint Quiz
In what century were cattle introduced to Texas?
Name one famous Texas Ranch. (hint: larger than Rhode Island)
What is the name for a Spanish cowboy?
PowerPoint Quiz
Why were the cattle herded to the north?
Who invented barbed wire?
What do you call the leader of the cattle drive?