frontend performance: beginner to expert to crazy person
DESCRIPTION
There’s no such thing as fast enough. You can always make your website faster. This talk will show you how. The very first requirement of a great user experience is actually getting the bytes of that experience to the user before they they get tired and leave.In this talk we’ll start with the basics and get progressively insane. We’ll go over several frontend performance best practices, a few anti-patterns, the reasoning behind the rules, and how they’ve changed over the years. We’ll also look at some great tools to help you.TRANSCRIPT
FE Performance: Beginner to Expert to CrazyPerson
Philip Tellis / [email protected]
IPC 2014 / 2014-10-28
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• Philip Tellis• @bluesmoon• [email protected]• SOASTA• boomerang
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Get the most benefit with the least effort
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0Beginning Web Performance
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Start with a really slow site
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0.1 Start Measuring
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Or use RUM for real user data (boomerang/mPulse)
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0.2 enable gzip
http://slideshare.net/billwscott/improving-netflix-performance-experience
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You can pre-gzip
gzip_static in nginx
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0.3 ImageOptim
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0.4 Cache
Cache-control: public, max-age=31415926
http://www.mnot.net/cache_docs/
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Yes, that was 10 million pies
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0 Congratulations
You’ve just been promoted
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1What the Experts Do
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1.1 CDN
Serve your root domain through a CDN
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1.1 CDN
And make sure your CSS is on the same domain
http://www.jonathanklein.net/2014/02/revisiting-cookieless-domain.html
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1.1 CDN
Google Chrome will open two TCP connections tothe primary host, one for the page, and the second
"just in case"
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1.1 Google Chrome will open two TCP connections to theprimary host, one for the page, and the second "just in case"
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1.1 Don’t waste it
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1.2 Split JavaScript
"critical": in the HEAD,"enhancements": loaded async
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1.3 Audit your CSS
Chrome WebDev tools
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Also checkout uncss for a command line option(also with a grunt version)
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1.4 Parallelise downloads/use sprites
You can have higher bandwidth, you cannot have lower latency.
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1.5 Flush Early and Often
Get bytes to the client ASAP to avoid TCP SlowStart, and speed up CSS
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1.6 Increase initcwnd
Initial Congestion Window: Number of packets tosend before waiting for an ACK
http://www.cdnplanet.com/blog/tune-tcp-initcwnd-for-optimum-
performance/
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1.6 Increase initcwnd
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1.6 Increase initcwnd
@mobtec on Twitter
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1.6b Also...
net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle=0
http://www.lognormal.com/blog/2012/09/27/linux-tcpip-tuning/
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1.7 PageSpeed
mod_pagespeed and ngx_pagespeed
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Relax
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2You’ve reached crazyland
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Sort in ascending order of signal latency
• Electrons through copper• Light through fibre• Pulsars• Station Wagons• Smoke Signals
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Sort in ascending order of signal latency
1 Pulsars (light through vacuum)2 Smoke Signals (light through air)3 Electrons through copper / Light through fibre4 Station Wagons (possibly highest bandwidth)
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Study real user data
Look for potential places to parallelise, predict orcache
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Bandwidth is different around the world
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As are people
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2.1 Pre-load
Pre-fetch assets required for the next page in aprocess flow
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2.1b pre-render
<link rel="prerender" href="url">
<link rel="subresource" href="">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="">
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2.1c onVisibilityChange
And while you’re at it, don’t do expensive work if thepage is hidden
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/
User_experience/Using_the_Page_Visibility_API
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2.2 Post-load
Fetch optional assets after onload
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2.3 Detect broken accept-encoding
Many Windows anti-viruses and firewalls disablegzip by munging the Accept-Encoding header
http://www.lognormal.com/blog/2012/08/17/accept-encoding-stats/
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2.4 Prepare for HTTP/2.0
Multiple assets on the same connection and TLS bydefault.
Breaks many of our rules.
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2.5 Understand 3PoFs
Use blackhole.webpagetest.org
http://blog.patrickmeenan.com/2011/10/testing-for-frontend-spof.html
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2.6 Understand the IFrame Loader Technique
Take required but non-critical assets out of thecritical path
http://www.lognormal.com/blog/2012/12/12/the-script-loader-pattern/
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Can you predict round-trip-time?
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Can you predict round-trip-time?
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References
• WebPageTest – http://webpagetest.org
• Boomerang – http://lognormal.github.io/boomerang/doc/
• SOASTA mPulse – http://www.soasta.com/free
• Netflix gzip study – http://www.slideshare.net/billwscott/improving-netflix-performance-experience
• Nginx gzip_static – http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpGzipStaticModule
• ImageOptim – http://imageoptim.com/
• uncss – https://github.com/giakki/uncss
• grunt-uncss – https://github.com/addyosmani/grunt-uncss
• Caching – http://www.mnot.net/cache_docs/
• Same domain CSS – http://www.jonathanklein.net/2014/02/revisiting-cookieless-domain.html
• initcwnd – http://www.cdnplanet.com/blog/tune-tcp-initcwnd-for-optimum-performance/
• Linux TCP Tuning – http://www.lognormal.com/blog/2012/09/27/linux-tcpip-tuning/
• Prerender – https://developers.google.com/chrome/whitepapers/prerender
• DNS prefetching – https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Controlling_DNS_prefetching
• Subresource – http://www.chromium.org/spdy/link-headers-and-server-hint/link-rel-subresource
• FE SPoF – http://blog.patrickmeenan.com/2011/10/testing-for-frontend-spof.html
• Page Visibility API –https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/User_experience/Using_the_Page_Visibility_API
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Thank You!Questions?
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• Philip Tellis• @bluesmoon• [email protected]• www.SOASTA.com• boomerang• LogNormal Blog
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Image Credits
• Apple Piehttp://www.flickr.com/photos/24609729@N00/3353226142/
• Kittens in a PChttp://www.flickr.com/photos/43525343@N08/6417971383/
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