From the Cell to an Organism

AMOC-TOOOP-CEBB

TitleDateU3-10

Cell Types

What is the smallest unit of life?

Cells

Cell TypesCell Types

ProkaryotesProkaryotes EukaryotesEukaryotes

PlantPlantAnimalAnimalbacteriabacteria

Uni-CellularUni-Cellular or Multi-cellular

Cell Types

OrganellesOrganelles are cell parts that do specific jobs.

ProkaryotesProkaryotes have no nucleus.What organelles do plant cells have

that animal cells do not?

Ven Diagram

Cell Types Ven Diagram

Plant Cell Animal Cell

Cell Types

All cells have a phospholipid

cell membranecell membrane.All cells have DNADNA. Eukaryotic cells

have DNA in a nucleusnucleus.CytoplasmCytoplasm is a jelly like material that

makes up the inside of the cell.

Basic Cell Parts

DNA

Nucleus

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

What are cell parts called?There are 3 important cell systems.

Endomembrane SystemCell BoundariesEnergy Production

The Production Factory Cell Skins The Power Factories

Organelles

Organelles

1. 1. Production Factory.What do you think cells produce?

The Production Factory

From DNA to ProteinNucleus Ribosome ER Golgi destination

Let’s break it down.

From DNA to Protein

The NucleusNucleus is where the DNA is stored.

Messenger RNAMessenger RNA is made from the DNA.It leaves the nucleus from a porepore.

From DNA to Protein

RibosomesRibosomes make protein from mRNA.

From DNA to Protein

Ribosomes can be free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

From DNA to Protein

The ER …

1. Modifies proteins.

2. Makes lipids.

From DNA to Protein

Proteins from the ER enter the Golgi Golgi apparatusapparatus.

The Golgi:1. sorts proteins

2. packages proteins

From DNA to Protein

The Golgi sends proteins to:1. the plasma membrane

2. other organelles

3. out of the cell

From DNA to Protein

Why would vesicles need to empty outside of the cell?1. release hormones

2. release waste products

3. release glucose to the blood

4. maintain cell or organism homeostasisWe will discuss all of this more in

detail later.

DNA

RNA

ribosomes

endoplasmicreticulum

vesicle

Golgi apparatus

vesicle

proteinon its way!

protein finishedprotein

Making Proteins

TO:

TO:

TO:

TO:

nucleusTO:

Organelles

2. 2. Power Factories.Why do cells need energy?

Cell Digestion

The lysosomelysosome is a vesicle that has digestive enzymes.digests large food

to get glucose

Cell Energy Production

Cells Need Energy to do Work.

What kind of energy do cells use?

Hint: Think molecules.

ATP

Cell Energy Production

The mitochondriamitochondria is an organelle that makes ATP from glucose.

Like a

little

battery!

++ ––

Cell Energy Production

All glucose comes from a process called…All glucose comes from a process called…

photosynthesisphotosynthesis

Cell Energy Production

The chloroplast chloroplast is the organelle that performs photosynthesis to make glucose.

Some glucose

is stored as starch.

Some is used

by the

mitochondria to

make ATP.

Material Storage

VacuolesVacuoles are storage organellesPlant cells have a giant central vacuole central vacuole

for storage and cell support.

Organelles

3. 3. Cell Skin.For eating, protection, and support.

Cell Boundaries

The skin of a cell is made of which lipid?PhospholipidsPhospholipids.The Cell MembraneCell Membrane is the outer skin of all

cells.It is a semi - permeable barriersemi - permeable barrier that lets

certain things in and out of the cell.

Cell Boundaries

hydrophilic

hydrophilic

hydrophobic

Cell Membranes are lipid bilayerslipid bilayers.How are phospholipids different than

other lipids?

Cell Boundaries

The cell membrane has many membrane proteinsmembrane proteins stuck in it.1. Receptors – flags or tags

2. Gates – allow things in or out

3. Enzymes – do reactions

Cell Boundaries

A cell wallcell wall provides support and protection to a cell, it is placed over the cell membrane.Plant Cells

Cellulose