ContentsI EDlToRlAt,ced,dupli.ity andanddam?2 Howr{EARE: ews,vtM and iifornanon

!e4{r . b!(y hDp4e ad h!{ . fldud

s}rdon:h$Li4!luo[.pddm'i\q6!bEdo!lnh

1? urh;ririsrhai'e'r,y.ornts

18 PTso in vereEnr rhe r.mlly peEpedtveih0$dt6h{b!LlyiLn4iDghdpb6enb*dlis

22 Takiigrh€amyoutof rhelqua

2a Time ro ruthink ps}thiatry

40 rurbrc.lhirgredlsroreEd/16 tui^ u!rd! [ ider &!Lh b d

42 NuGiigwithinrhe Hs: ho rhe hunan ginB helps,dfo,6'! ! i lsbit6hol.hehunangil4saDealbha5

i;sk o! 6 rerr Nqhr q i, lLia +sd 4ioib6o,

:

This bi3nul jonnal dplms lhe relem&of the rcrl lahsl Llrsledse abouilmanpsrrhoLqy io the my m lire loday.

fhe Hds ad resoms t[at m builihtooubioloe/nrleupwbaiFet ituhmmcirem'TheebEicemodonalreeds-9tlaslois@jt',sntn],mectjonbotbF p6de, dritim, ii'rjiacn sraiN,snd to bo slrebhed i. *hal {e do - bNe bbe rer in hdd.e lf*o de io he ne.tdly.dd ecjally healtrr Ou in.at rsofles- induding henry inag.atim, problensolvins abilitis, s€U.awames, dft mingmd a mgb ofconplenenlary ihinlins3tyl$ t enplor in difeEnt siluations -mdsip€dt help us do thi8

Emuing that Foples enotional needsm betrer mt, md that they ar nsinstheir imrle rcs{lm$ efldich, i3 knomas tbe human givem apprcach. This satol lookins at b€hrviou snd mmkl heallhis ndo"lybeins fldesdi y rppliedtthe .oDsllins ofdbh'es€d peopls bulis slso innuencing 6eld8 s divere sBpmniin& poLiiis, educaiion, wo.k, la\prynob€r pbilGophy s.d mnmmimtion

b€st $e .rvaluable hmsn le3lrmes

rh? v €B *pre*d h rh s lorML ap 'r'Ge

o' mewdletsaiddoioli€esgilyreiHtsevie5d

pdiq b d,i* dm{tiB dtuiLs in G* rrisio'i€s.

!6is. and r'ldlctor kbi.bms

. ab$drlion .iquin6 to:

chMiB.i, tur tuse4 3N4 3rD, !(r*oj , ]3n66:fa!d ' ]3n4e

webslt.wwhm€l€iw$'rcn

drtscd rabeb {hei dsdbj4 iheirftphbe|{.haslbphlhe.or'norhei! h6band'. A sddy orn6'ty

hdher trd \bptud'e/ hEband

tikerih@d $d eB sil avord rh.nephrhs lab€|, whrh .lo*nsswrh motheB tide6* rhe tikefhoodrhar they adopr ihe label. cosn6s

orher.ha6f isrr.s of rhe neo.hni|y3€abo]mpofuitprenido6

Bedt neG. rlaunato|sa.kt mdPeMd tu M a rn -nps, 265, dat

BENuoDlA2lENEs aie i€qle Ly

pft.'ibed ro tho* P h At heimei5anerdrasiGrs rhan ro ioi5ufrbrc6ro.id wirrr d@p and rcdu.. a ieryThis G a.6di€b frndiis5 fbm rhe

tlaunet af Abhah{\ DEe,

. a66 | s137 3-7 6 I l1!)4a6]-2)

Now isarheG aG ftonnendiisihe a icwhork drug a'tpiPaatetu olds people rhh rshsrresbed major depre$lor. a greaerpbpdnion of rh@ who Eeiwd

slmprom.ompared withtho*gkipkb'Hsdg,ihepi.eRems hrgh: ardhisiai a mmmonsrde effect in {hkh a peEn ft€tsenkmeLy Erl€s aid eabLe ro sitsrill, aid moE turkitronEm. fh.rmt2ou.doir1o.1o16/so14o.

Professionals and patients clashover drug withdrawal problemsTHERE D shfp diuspan.id b!-ise! ihc m'lenkndjngs olpaneft(md p.hcnr suppod .hd ies) andmedi.d prfcsion:ts about dcpedene rd withdraval probteDs withparri.ular Fy.hi.rric druss.

Tftis is revPjled in . rcenrly pub.lkhed rspoft by rhe B.ftish Medi.rrAsociation s Bodd of S.icn.e,whi.h .,ins ro prvide a ptaitornlof rdion b iDPmve ihe p.crc.tion,ide incaiioi

"nd oanasee.t of

dc@detre Dd wiihdra{d $*iated vith pEsribed dtuss'. lt ioc!*sprdislarly on the prescibed trs 0lbmod;.zcpimq ?drDgs (dnsssinird io b.nadi'zepinet, opioids

Pmlesor sheib r{olliN, .h'i. ofihe Bcrd of Sciere, rites: .]nLndertaking this pmj€.r, it sesdear fmm rhe ouhet th* uris subjed w$ enrentious and €aorive. ttt .h$e@n*d by a nnh$ ot rhenedi$r prcresion, svernnent andFricr nxren bJ thd$ afl{b4rho dcwibe meelins , dsnisl ofthe problm md tm litile help lmmiheii dodms. Il nas afto rprarsnt

ho{ bed b addr$ this probleDlas bei.g pEvenr.d by a widespecrnn of difreri,g vicvs. That* {hr {et okihe app&ach ora€I ror eYidene, io allos us h hesdl vieppointg ho{ever onfiicringther naybe Despit€ this. sofeindieduls lnd oi€anisatioN

dater of oDinion, the R.ral Colleseor cfnerar hactftioneA (RccP ist oted $ saying it is not a'Ae olpod Esemh ro c!id. the no{ercctive method of withdrawalfM bcnzodiazepines 'In mntra{,'adordii! io ihe Eport, tubnissionsfron thdraMl chuiiies andsuppon snups rcDotud ihd ihcrcm eJsring gdiderines avairlbt,Arhat cm, and shotrrd. be usd norerr€llwntly by CPs when supporins p.ticnts b {ithdra$ T}sesdderin* i.duded the ashronMmmi, INT (B.ftisn Ndi.nalIomurery) hd Nrct cks (ctiniql

Many CIs do noi ralise thar,shile it m be helpfti fd use6 blrop illi.it dD$ mrd turkex ii isdan@us io d. so *ith bmo

diazepines and cftsin othd prc

A]3o, ihe.e Ms -a ta€e mnscnsusmons respon*s" rhar illi.ii dJtrg

pnat for tle nanlgemenl ofpE*nption drug dependence ihesore di$entu beins ihe RccP

"CMrnr .nd suppod gmups,€!ftd ihar thc hrm rsmiardwilh artidep&*ants indudinssevflc nmd distfb.nc.s, sui.idalinieirion and depdden.. pot ntiol

is noi gen.mly lecdsld, or nmderedrnattd, b, cPs and psrchiairists. ri roDhast, rhe RccP &-poded thafther js "evidene of tlerdng.km benefi c oranhdepre$mkrd the nlalive sreiy or tlen u*Mo* srdc cfrds md pn,l,lemsoftr *irer in heaineni and thcr€is sendsny a d.lay in ierapeuiicPspon$. codparcd t the othdEldnatiom .o.sidcrd lopioid! $dbenzod'azepinet ibcrc appelrs r.be a very rov premrene otnnN$d lddidin. The noy3r colllg. ofrsy.hiabrsh did nol€ ihat a.iidcpreseb €ry the isk or a dis.dntindion sJndromc tnat .an bemprcasoni ro. ihe iddnidual, butaddcd thar n\3 i3 noi pftroneed.'

'rbe coun.il tor Evidene-basedlry.hhhJ elmmtud thai jic&as.jng antidepre$rni Dre*ribins nierrr€.r ihe fsd &ar Ftie.ts findhehsch€s umble to dism.iinuihen lse b{ause orlhe onsct of

qu.bs ihei. vje{ uat, ro perurion of p5lients, BNF pre$ribincglidelines tofri least six monihs 0.ior, and for at lersl rwo yers fo.

depEsionl aE leading i0 idoluntary depdd.n.c npon ihesa drugs

chaniies fd flrpdi sr.upsasefred ihat snrideprcsmh veresimilar to benzodi'epins iD iemsof salc y ot side etrede and viihdrN,r, ehcreas the RccP andthe RoFl c{ilcF ot t\.bidrisredaimd ih,i ,nrid.prcsmG sereda, rktive b ben'ldiazepi.es

'Iherc n no prore$iont onsmBu6 ovo hm to handle wittdmwalr{rle BNF advises thai the dGeshould bc ftducd srrdually werlboul four {eehs, or ronger (up rosir ionlhs) for patien* oD long-

NlcE advis thar anridepesanlrtr mn b€ sropled der a firu wee[rEiod]conveEely rle c.un.it torlvidene &ed ?syctiarrr stabdthati amrding to lhe dperien e of.huiiis strppoding psple urmshwithdE{aL miidepE$anrs shouldb. tapercd very slowly ar a Mle ofno noE thm 10 per .enr oflhe pFvious dose ev€.y lour 1o six *eks,at a ]lae suided bJ the palieni qfou.-{€ek taper is therefoe mu.h

ioo fastj and this snids.e ebould

The BMA r€pod omlu{tes,'A tled viev cnqged that eneplescibing cuidelim, s wn s rheviess md unde4landing ofnedkal

aell silh ihe liled elTens.e ofpalienrd, and .alk fof a mde

The pain ofabreaking heart:caring for lovedones withAlzheimer'sA HIGH pmpo.iion of@Esivdsrof patie.ts wiih Alzheinelsdiee ftport lain ohplaints anduse ovsrrhnounte. pdnkilles tdd' pain thai largely ariss fM asme orlo$, Potsh Esmhere

Their study involYed 127 p@pleminc r@ soneom wiih,{zleine/s.Nerly half had at lesl one .hrcni.dissqnea y 3a pE.mi Eporledpdn in the sek befde the srudlrnod mnbonry ba.lache or head,ache, Nineiy.lh@ pel ent ugdanslcaid ,i le6r me a week hd

Reversing negative symptomsin schizophreniaDIFIiCUITY in anri.ipdtiu or e!penm.ing ple6nE (anhedonia) iEme ofurc slmptmrs ol$hi4lhFnia,(lmonlJ a$ociatad sfth tact ofenoiiomr dpe$iwnss md &.iat{ihdra*?]. rUhm p{ple rufier $esqlhd neg,ii€ slmpiotu fiarlelle aRql/ hon a pel:m (6 oppo*db posiiive' sjmotdnq flch s bdl.u.inarims and detusims shi.h addsoftothi.g m), lheir pesnosft is kssmd rd th€ir quolity ol life muchlower N0* &ssarhen have pubtGtred a pEbnid.ry r€pod ofrhetft6iiive EnoiioN l,rosrame lorSNbplMia (PE!S), devied br ilefirs1 tw au!hd6, whi.h specmcarLyhrgebnegalivegjhPt.m'

TFcniy-fou men and 13 women,ae€d betwen t3 md 65 sdrecroihd fsn rhEe soctul mdnufting homs in swt?olan4asreed td take pd il1 ibe p{gran.ne, whi.h re.chos 5k sto helpsenone dereafish and ro inmaseanhcipahon rd mainrenan@ ofpmiiive eforims tbmush eigh!one hou gbw esions. Theavehge dumiim or irr,E$ amo.s

reE sinsle and liv6d in shelkEdhousins, {d none was wdkine

Tweniy{ighi mnplered rhe eishtsesions, Nhich aI begsn ih a re-imrior *ercis a.d m esdise in.hanelging dereaiis! lhowhts, suhas "I anl Eln'or'I n seh$",p@nted theush t*o .hmdes,Ja.li md J rn a.h oflhe *sims,padicipeb lemed a pa.ii.ulesli[,linted ih increasjng abilityb expc.i.ne sjo,Ieni Iher tah.

pleasmt dp€riene (for insr€n.qby lmkins al e piciu€ or athactive@untrFide d lisbdrs b smtling

naiq and b{onins a@ of, andappieciaring, how pleasmi thiss,nd be); ind6e hehaiouslexrKior or posiiive doriom(ParroPants were ssked b initat€pi.iures or acldE erTlsins p.stivemolions 0d to t@n dsm orihe susiions ihis pmdu@d)i nairethe nci or p.sitive momenh (nr,@nnunicaii.g Dd elebralins.ei! pGjtive *cnrs wiih eachother)i eti.iprre deasani nonents(by being gnided thmush tl1c dnTeFent p@ilive feelinss md mDlions!ho! .ould be D&dued by I p@itiyetuim evenq vhethd that ss aiingm apple or rlkins parr in an mjoyablc ffirl a.iiviiy). Homevork t3sls*e& gim for beinen ENiong

The pssrrie Fs highrysu.e$tuI in Edui!8 sindonia,apat\y and depEsim, fiih sllpden|!qpm3jngw'pciiiveaiem abour i1. The Hearchds@hmt, ir &ltition, rhd'sevcnlpdicip,nt! 4onr€neouly ded.redrheb alpreciaiim oflho ra.t ihalthe ctuup leader s]8o pdticjlat din lhe exdises, shanng ihen Dd.sonsr expeien.es and even caryilcdut ihc lomework iske A fdpartieipants e€ staied tha! rherc4 tuci ihal ime grcup leadenepo.t€d dp€deming rN ptesmin eftain exmis ihm dre patientsdid ilEhelve debdnsiEhd bihm thar pl@ure nighl be i.depanddt olthen iUns nr$ themlrbor,live apprca.h aloq Eed asa psn or ihe procrmctt psycboedMtional folmi, nly bavo had

'Ihe E*anlen slve questim.MiEs io rhe €Eq 32 ofvhd w@adrnl childEn and 39 werc sp.us6of the pa$ent', io eli.ii erTaienesorlhysj.al dd enoiional paii.Thej' found ihai'th€ higb6 theintensiq of phyli.d plin pareiwd,t}. highE ihe ase$nent ot pdn-tuln$ or l06q dd th€ nore sdlethe Eoe oflos. The seme of lN{d pai.Inl]ls ol l@s iumed dtio be the shus*i predicbn noldlr olpain inteosily but al$ ol

Alihoush rhe pain r€potud by

syDpton of dep&$ion, *hi.hd&dbat* the spedeme of pain,37 ler .ht Epo.ted rhe p@nre ofpah {heEas onry 35 !d .snt hadsicniricmi slapbN of d.nlciol r

r l

Psychiafic drugs nay do nare harn than goodDenise winn went to a conturence which Du ed

and take away people\ hunonity.the olaming lacts together

Better to be human33 osM-nl 8lrc B a blre lda ofwhat lt lslo b€ humsn.I/b

reogni*s th. dlraordin:ry Esili€n@ in pspte not E dis"eu model," so said flard.sinnins r.i4@ hlnallst Robeitwhilaket at a Dacked oneday conl€enc h€Ld In the aurumn bythe councll for Mden.e'ba*d Psy.hiatry (cEP), lts rheme Iain its nam€: "More Ham lian G6d: onfrontingrhe psy.hiatrc

$nen DSM 1II (ihe lhid ediiion olthe AneFi.an Psy.hilhic Assehiion s ,'rrsnodt andstuti'tiaL Ma.ual of M^tot Di$tL's) NasluHnhed in 1930, il Nas ure fiEt td in.lude ex.lli.ii diqmstic .fteda liadly lislrt Eading,

lrcalth doltrs, nuse, laqea, lsyclDlhmpisband Eo.tul {dkes nshed to bur it, and it soldod innediaiely Ar Dr JsjG Davi6, p6y.\Glocjs! and @ lounder of CEP. p.inbd out, iispubli€iim fundanntally clans€d the eur& oftEatnent and mdrh in psychiatia Ye! i! Flrembd the viee?oint otdJy ahoulnine p€opl.,as ik clierdchihd Dr Robd Spitd adnitiedto Davics fo. lis bd*, CMied. '!Ve look over,"Spihr said, "bMEe v€ hrd thc !s€x'

illioru of p@ple n.w live {ith ihe mdts ofthis unelhi.al wieldins ot powei'Ir'ere m 3?0difrerni disd6 in ihe cuftn! edilion, DsM6, and psrchiatrists sbll, in ih6 hain, lreat itElpprmch as gspet. Yet, as nci Eadq8 oI thi6joumol will be aw@, m lioL€iel DEk6 haveevd been ide.bned for arlv ndlll drsordea,be orgmic on6 $.h as Alzheimer's md Umtinsionk disase rrr noD bei4 sidm.e baed,DSM reFesented s aplrolch wheE, it a .ondensus ouldn'r he ftached, Teskfd@ renben,$ ihey sm kmM, wmld take a vote on theindNid ofa dtudde D srnpbn A5 Davie8@fn.nled, whn w$ voiins aa ! si{tificadiiq? H€ discolwd that, at one Taskforemetins to dis.u$ incluion of srmpt m for tpdicdtr mndino., a Fy.hialdst pmleied,'Ohno, ae can i inchde il6r E a sJmpion, b{aue

hofe$or Alln lran@E, who led the ,sM r/svi6ions, later b€.ane a .rilic of what he sawab the nedi.alisation ofoldinary prcblos. Yel,a6 Davies told the enferene, Frs.es slill msaged to pBide over the addilion ol 100 ne{ndtal dierdeF !o DSit Jv. induding bipolr 2and altention-delictl(ADHD). Bipoh disordd diasnMs doubled inthe nex! 15 yeas, $d AII]D diasnNa tipled.

r{len Da\id a6ked whr ofier dubiNs dierddsucn a! fmale orgamic disddor ofreiae.rlateddi$rder dd oppGilional dcnd.e disorder hadLen allo{ed to pnain in DSM.IV, I'nncis saidg{veb 'TheE had b h. $brtantial scientificevidence to add or emove". Despit€ tbe fact !ha!subdmi$j siotific *idene bad len sio@d.inslr lackjnc lbei includins disordes in ihefiEi pltue, be insisted ihat his Dle lad been io.daliltue ihe srsten, no! choce ii dbitruny

iobelt Whit:lq, aftnor ol glfud.bra}jngMdd ;n,4ud.a! nowd m frlm tne n th oflrr€ainsnn p€radiahi. dassiffmtions io rhe qrrhol maninstul Fychiabic drus heatmenb:'Thetems rrniipsJcholic od hniidepre$anr eDdlike 1reanreniE t rg€hd ar a speific illnes TheintNdudion dt chlonbnazinc (larga.til) vasdaimed to b€ as inport€nl lor nental healihas lmiciltin had bm h nedicine. nrm .metne idea orthe chemicar iDbalmc', shicl psychilhi3 drtrgs euld n!, jusi a iNurin [ieddiabetor Bul, whertai ponicilid stopped peopledring lion baclerial infe.lions, ihe nunbe. ofpsple in Anene dkbled by nent€l ilns hrssine qusdrupled, $ disbiliiy paJmerc forp@ple ofi wolk sith sirss and depre$ion showIn New Zealand and in AuEtralia, over lhe pas!20 yeas, lhc fignrt has al& $adrupled; dippinginL EuDp€, in leland and Denndrk, it hastlipled md i. Swedm $rdropled.fte .henl.al Inbataice storyThe idea of chenical inhalan c sd based ontho obsration that ps].liabdc dngs a.1€d on

*mtonin lw& il depusion ad loFering dopa-nim leveh in schiz0plmnia. The mdNion ersjuped to ihai low snbdn sd hish dopminenui, iherelore, be the .ause ol depre$ion lrdshizophrenia, re€pedivell, 1lris ws rcudly dis.psved - no biologi€l natres ot ahy kind haveevd been found, evan bJ biologi.al eeaNhe€keen L 6nd then. Hosaea w}ar b nd kno{n10 happen (althoueh p€$dps not by nost psych.iat ists) is that whm Eertonin is added to th6brain via siidepl€gnts, the bmi. d{rR*sits om Eepbn, ihN dmn's snsiftiq b

atipsy,horie, iho boin btuon* etn{Nitiveb dolmine Wril. lhe otrects of tlis are kepi incheck to sme d.€ft rhile o tho nedicaiion, lti! cloar 10 *e {hai vill hppo on stowing irS0, wiih a hmible ioqr the siluaiim omcsaboui *hde Dfi dru€q a perDn b{on* loF in

T

sfttonin or h,gh in dapanim - indstg rne rcrysiiuation which the drugs v€E lmnelJ thowhiio 6rErA. whilak€r pui il'You @ noi laBh8d higher dopanine berdq bul nN you e.hinry do " the ddd6d riEk is ibd p6ple nay bnone nde bioloEidlly pmne io sJmpbns, andof g@bf seredq Tle dreadful .ondiiim oliardive dyskinsia, slow mst ot repdiiive involmtary novmdtq has dn asociliiob wiihinoeed dopamim Eelbs

3u! uiip€y.holis {eE the drags that enptiodthe asylms. SGcall€d relapse studis, whichfound ihai relapse Fa higher in ihose Eho 6toD.ped 1a[irg ihe dngs, aft slin cihd !s reasond iostay on then. lHovwe4 in ihe* studieB, w'!h.dBsd ms abrupi - and shos ody ibal abtuplviidrawal i3 bad,'said whiieh As ue havejust sm, sneone {ho stops bting lh6 drucb€@n* noE uiraable h Ellp8e fhert arefew studis inL dD efreds oriap€rinE ofr grad-ully arihow! such eeiddc s distd 6howsbeiter otrtucs alt r one, M and lhree yeasro. thNe who wc* lapered of ibeir medi€tion.Comlxis {hN anlipsrchotiG m used onlJ 10dql wilh prychosis in $e adb sbg€ dt psFh.

nreE is @ftair r evid,ene thli !€ople do bet-ier lons tem otriho ilngs. Trials hat sINhihai, whne out.mos sere betu at me Jear lorp€ople txeat d fo. lsFlosjx ir 196?, {hs anr'psy0\oiis rw avlilable, ttun Nt.ons io!ihos irealed in 194?. whm tlq ween'| in rhelons ten ihe latkr dld b€its than &e fomerEven whm p€orlo d@ded to sbp fteir nediaation anro$b bease ihey muldn'! st nd theside e€ects, alihough ihey sere stil p3y.Ioii.afte. lm ycs$, rev wm siitt pFychdlic altei 20yem unliLe those nho mined m the drugs.t ondud€ that patimh *ifh shtoFhrenia noion mtipsrrlotic nedi€iion ln a Img penod orh me ha\ " sgnr E@nil bdhr elobd tundioninsths thotr on,niiFrhdc, lerd @dcherPmlesu Marbn Hffi@ Fychdlogis! and dpert m schi-phmia sd bip.lai disddei bldihe Anqidn ?sy.hirhic &e.jation annul

Sll]miqg up, lnribirer (a {am,.a]! y spokenrd ua$urins l]E, sho was dn.e lilened bys newDa@ to r AIDS denidr) said ihd nomse.lftMl studl miml sludy, MRI studnpmspecri* longitudinal siudy randomftedsnimlled lrial or dn*.onplian@ siudy sFn€d oui sine 1930 has dmondhared a .* irruse of anhpsychoiis. On l€rins thh iiomWnitrk€i al snoiher oniien@, t lsychktitutvedd€d to rhe ,sM nodel .dld ihink ol noth_ing oure. !o Eay ibm, 'I\n so sick or evidm.e

A simpte alternat@ to antideprsante?mf€sd Pet€r Colzs.he, a pm6sr in clibi.dresemh dcsign and eslJEis as well as @foudE ol the Co.hrme Collabd.atio' (an

intuiional body lhar a$sses medi.al Fsearhl had nore {nehs b xpres aboutmtidepEsants.?eoplelhink aniidepPsantsFork be6tr* drey forset abod spDnt{dusheali.& ft is all atl bu&d to ihe dns.' Hedesibed dudies vhi.l show that bmefts ofmiidepr6sanLe ore! plaebo nisht b€ as ninoras I'o darr longer !o reeveB md mentidnedSpanish E*aft\ wlich losd ihat 69 p€r centof r,022 Deple who lad had a nond &i drivebMne sexually dislu$ed after b€ing put onanlidepEsarts. sAen he mmiioned ihis at at€lk in Anshalia, me psychiatrisi t ld hin orihree tednace parienis on antidepftsmb ahobied to kill thenselves when ihey.oddn'i g€1an @dion the liret tine ihey iried to hav. s{.'Ihey didn't tlinli il was the d.w Thoy thouglithe& Ms sonelhi.g vmns wilh ihml Otu ofCik&he3 PhD srndents has fomd tlar wiih-dF{al sjmptoms rre as s*de for SSRI uii-d6prtsants aE lhey are knom io be lor bo6.diazepines. Aut lhat is bmed depodd@ onlyin the os or b€nndiserims 'I ttopte saibetler in a day ifrhey rut8n b\oir iltugs, it is afake depNion @Ned by the dng iselE saidGdtz*he, auihor of lwlr puhlisled -D?dd,JP5:dtot8 dnd organivd renial.rMeoshilqthe a!€uptj wli.h miiltepMsants ae ihowhtto in@ risk ol sui.i&l benariour keeps iroeeing - il hs risen mw non 2t to 40

'People aek ne.' said Gotzsha " Tlai is thealtlmatjve l! stidepmsant drugs? Sirplel Noantidepre$anr &ugs. Thais the dsser, denleavins psychoiherey md {hthd it is s.odd bad oul ol ihe qustiol" lllrile adrmi ihaiu* h no ple@ vhats0ser lor anlidepresmidrugs, he &knovledg€d a plae for acute ce oranbpsltholi€ il sone cas$ - althougl he ibmwen! on to ey thal vst shol'1em se or b€.m_diazepine Blms p6plc dosn fagier thm mii-psycioli€ So I dont uinl we ned miipsJch-otics sithe. What m do n&d jl deto! .Lini.tdeo$hsq b help pepk me ofrilrd safe]yi

Sociolog&l Prclbsm John Ah€Im tued iothe misad'enlus of ph@eftial Eclla.tion. Unlil 1939,1he poes sas entiEly 54ret,{iih Muthoisd shdnc of 'nedi.al' infmation a dhaeention al lhe Ofhcial S*rets Aciws didnl even kms ihai tur experr advismlad sbar* iD ud snsultan.i* {i!h drus.on-p$ies uiil .onlicG of inGres! statud lo bepubtshed in 1939. Belted 1971 and 1939, iheEcnlatu, shi.h {a3 lhe Medicin6 Divbion !ttlD Deparfincnt of lleolih, ss half ffDded bJdmg 6hparie, ond dini.iss rvorLing {iihinil tended ,o .ome lron i\o*, dd go ba& bthem. The !ts Fmd md Drugs AdninishstiDn,on the oihd hmd, vas .onrloiely staienDded.In ihe 19903, il M3 argled ihai resnlatosshodd have a lightu loeh b stin'nats inno'vsiim wiihin dns .onp€nies. So, in the UKmd Eumpe, regurario. becane cdnplelelyffDded br ph@efticl .onpanieE and ibeiine fu onsiderinp mw dmgs cut doM. Sine!hd, inno€iion hss &ll6n, and noE u$le

dngs nave been appded (a6 heasurd by theDerdtagt sub6{uendy lavins ro b€ withdEm

nH.me tne app8l]ins 61ory ofADFD a itt'heahmC {ith siinduh like Riialn. Etrrya.dpmfe$d Josph Biedenan, who sal on lheDSMIy slmiitee, did much to psnolo lhediasnGn ud eei it induded, clainins lha! besem six and line per ent of A,nei.an .hil-dren suffer ion ADHD. ft lata emersed that,behem 1996 md 2011, Biedmn @irrd fesfrom noE ihan 24 phama@uti.al .onpaniesa {orlied lor werJ singls one that nanufaettrEd stinulmts Jans.n alhe cave lim derone nillim dolaB But, said Robe Yftitakeithere is no biological ba6i6 for ADHD. Neus.inaging has shoM nomal brains and neus.chmi.al inbalanft has ndt bccn found

Ritalin, Whit kr said, up5 dopafrine acliviiy,j*i lik .Mine - but @€ine cleas rhe bodynore quickty. litalin also wdks on sembninand ndadrenolin, @sing.onpeNb.y.hssesii rIE$ paihwsls. li is noi knoM if ihG non-alis* sli€r st0ppin6 Sludies ha€ shom thatRitalb 6 mnm.e pedona@ on mtine, r.petitive tasks btri not inpftw mahdary ead-iry, spclins or mth& McaNhile psy.bolosrstsnoli.ed ftat chiidrn on Rit iin pl.yed d iheiroMndt'initiat€dco'bdsitholherchildjen]e$,hadre&ed.fiosjiymdberrmelNive

0r sq the Anerim Psychiahi. Ass(ia$msom ?d.6o[ ol Pq].nai,r wa 6taling thatthde ss no inpD€nent h tem3 of acc@sion, educationdl achieveftent and cnninalitywith its use. But pefiaps studis sbowinc thesneg.live elleE ade l@ shd?T he AnericmNarional lnsliint of Menr€l Healih embrLed

moiihs, r*earchas .on luded l,'Di 'Grefulbcafted mdi.riion nrnrgellnt ras sup.rid tbehavioral healnenl". 0O bkcr pdnlad outthet th$c on thc nedicino m of iho iri3,l Fceiv€d fa. mo& ent&t witn r dini.im ihus

layiou. tleapy) However. by 36 mtbs. ihNbkjns ihe nedietion hd deerionled (dris

w6nt Nblici&d) md the ctrildren wre fonndto be smller Sn yem on, mdi.aiion was asc.iakd {iih {d* ADHD srmptons md ovdallfim.tional inpaineni. Ai the studis ondEion, investigalor W im Pelhm olihe Uniw.sitJ. ofBufralo $id, "Wo had thDugft that child-En nedi€ted loned {ould haE bclter outones Tlai didn'i h,pp6 io he tho e* ftewdemb€ftli.i9refedljmnaInthe9b0dtm'lnediotionl will help ihe ch d b€larc bdtu;in ihe lons run ii vort And thai infomaiimshould b€ nade very dear to !amk.""It hasnthm and, as No kno\i lit3lin is stil widely u*d.

A review dt 2,237 sludies by jwdchers inOreson, lubliBhed in 2005, t'und !o sood outones.'A long.lm study ofADED ddgs .aFned oul in WeEtem A*inlia found ihdt "med;.ated AIrHD childrn lr@ r0 tines n@ likslythan unmedioted ADHD .hildren to be iden$-ned by toacheN as pdfming below age l6vcl".iTo ca! it all, Etinulanre.an indue nania andps,.h6iq said lvhitaksa so.hildm ciginallydiaCno*d {iih ADHD nay cnd up diagloedwith tip.lar disdde. and on aniipsrchdlic nedj-

P€Jchiarris! ll Peler SEssin, dft.n €lled "t5e6n*ien.e ol pslthialrJ' tor hh hanr deedeEdf rorkins !o lefom ihe hental health field,spoke da Skyp€ ftud his homo in dnerica.Sin@ sta.tins his 6@1 6r r€ft ago, he haEneEr on@ p@ribed a psJrhiahi. drus. Hedidnl nin@ his wordr "AU drugs dieable rhebrain. No druss i npFve brain turction It e ho@nlli.aied in theE Poutns poisone in is noigbine !o be helpful. Arl lsy.hoa.tive 3ubelan.es*ntuallJ burn ihe brain wilh letha€r andapath:r Blocking tdopaoirel h a ftontal lobctoiry" fie ldvi$d thal lnyone wanling !o .oheolf anlipsyctroiie should do ii elowly dd n*esu& they h$e snplod around lbem.

Asked whether it is po$ible 10 &store hrainredion 6n!. he said, The nft ireatmenlJotrve $ad. tle le$ lilie\ r rull re.werjr Ii is@* by @e sd nd predidahle, Bli we m moretbs ou braic. I've hd pati$is with snlsbtial hrdn dmage indued bJ psrthiasic drussJe1, slihough ttE brain do*nt E@vei they mleadirg beit€r lives ihm befoE beaNe ilEy.u low. They love lbeir children, their fmili$,sdnatm,mdhare anuchnoE p$ilive i itren.e So there n enoimu hope lor every huan

The besl hDpe, hmevd, lo. pEvenlins suhdsnage, C in chaDgins the .dtn olpFj.hiatryts a wictr of spcaleG said ai l,\e md of the.onfeftne, se .e.d to idmiit md ad{b.$ tbepmbl.ns tbai people r&e, vholh.r social, envirdentd oi p8Jcbologr.ri, rathd than dllenNeilhe$ nnd peopre ne€d b b€ helped !o ch,n:€ib€iroMeilddDso|,p,]lhmgi.ji,Ibdb (pdhals thowh ihe p0werfn nedia ori,tE popdar pre$ sd ibieads in $ap opE$),shich diug lmpani6 have b.th isidimsly mdsidtrously p$mot€d, *iur dEn lab€ clainsmd false raising ofhopes. .

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