From a

Contractors Perspective

� Asbestos is the general name given to several Asbestos is the general name given to several Asbestos is the general name given to several Asbestos is the general name given to several naturally occurring fibrous mineral silicates, naturally occurring fibrous mineral silicates, naturally occurring fibrous mineral silicates, naturally occurring fibrous mineral silicates, each one being different in it’s physical and each one being different in it’s physical and each one being different in it’s physical and each one being different in it’s physical and chemical properties, depending upon other chemical properties, depending upon other chemical properties, depending upon other chemical properties, depending upon other components of the rock such as Calcium, components of the rock such as Calcium, components of the rock such as Calcium, components of the rock such as Calcium, magnesium or even ironmagnesium or even ironmagnesium or even ironmagnesium or even iron

� There are Six distinct types:-

� ���� CHRYSOTILE (White)

� ���� CROCIDOLITE (Blue)

� ���� AMOSITE (Brown)

� ���� TREMOLITE

� ���� ACTINOLITE

� ���� ANTHOPHILLITE

CHRYSOTILE(White asbestos)(White asbestos)(White asbestos)(White asbestos)

in its

Natural Form

CROCIDOLITE(Blue Asbestos)Blue Asbestos)Blue Asbestos)Blue Asbestos)

AMOSITE(Brown Asbestos)

� Asbestos is divided into two mineral groups

� AMPHIBOLES���� CROCIDOLITE (Blue) (Blue)

���� AMOSITE (Brown)

���� TREMOLITE

���� ACTINOLITE

���� ANTHOPHILLITE

SERPENTINES���� CHRYSOTILE (White)

MORPHOLOGY

� AMPHIBOLE

���� Straight / Needle like

���� Stiff

���� Splits along the length

���� Barbed End

� SERPENTINE

���� Curly

���� Long

���� Flexible

� Asbestos, over the years, has been hailed by

some of the greatest industrialists on earth as

“The Magic Mineral”

� It has been used in over 3000 products

worldwide, from Egyptian burial shrouds,

building materials, decorative mouldings through

to high velocity friction materials used to insulate

the fuel booster on the space shuttle.

� Because of the incredible properties asbestos

has, it has been used in a wide variety of

applications

� From vinyl floor tiles, partitions, ceiling tiles, cold

water tanks, and corrugated roof sheeting

through to rainwater pipes, guttering, decorative

coatings, lagging and sprayed fire protective

coating on beams potentially contain asbestos.

� Building Materials

� ���� Thermal Insulation

� ���� Fire Proofing

� ���� Chemical Plants (Acid Resistant Properties)

� ���� Textiles

� ���� Friction Materials

� ���� Fire Doors

� ���� Gaskets / Seals

� ���� Decorative Coatings

� ���� Condensate Barriers

� TEXTURED COATINGS – ArtexArtexArtexArtex

� STAIR CASES – Stair Nosing’sStair Nosing’sStair Nosing’sStair Nosing’s

� TOILETS – Seats, CisternsSeats, CisternsSeats, CisternsSeats, Cisterns

� WINDOW CILLS

� WATER TANKS – In roof voids / loftsIn roof voids / loftsIn roof voids / loftsIn roof voids / lofts

� ELECTRIC FUSE BOARDS – Fuse PadsFuse PadsFuse PadsFuse Pads

� VINYL FLOOR TILES – Marley TypeMarley TypeMarley TypeMarley Type

ASBESTOS CEMENT

SPRAYED ASBESTOS

LAGGING

ASBESTOS INSULATIONBOARD (AIB)

AIB

ASBESTOS TEXTILES

Control limits and

action levels

Type of asbestos

4-hour control limit (f/ml)

10-min control limit (f/ml)

Action level (fibre

hours/ml)

Chrysotile 0.1 0.6 72

Any other asbestos or

mixture0.1 0.6 48

f/ml = Fibres per millilitre of air averaged over any continuous period.

Fibre hours/ml = airborne exposure in f/ml multiplied by time of exposure in hours. Cumulative exposures over a 12 week period are calculated

Activity Typical exposures

(f/ml)

Asbestos cement

Machine cutting: jig saw 2-10

: circular saw 10–20

: abrasive disc 15–25

: hand sawing Up to 1

: machine drilling Up to 1

Removal of asbestos cement sheeting Up to 0.5

Work with ACMs

Activity Typical exposures (f/ml)

Asbestos lagging, coating and AIB

Drilling AIB overhead 5–10

Drilling vertical columns 2–5

Using jig saw on AIB 5–20

Hand sawing AIB 5–10

Repair/replace ceiling tiles 0.45

Work with ACMs

Asbestos and lung cancer

(Lung cancer death rates per 100 000 person years)

Asbestos

worker

Smoker Death rate Mortality

rate

No No 11.3 1

Yes No 58.4 X 5

No Yes 122.8 X 11

Yes Yes 601.6 X 53

� Training in 3 x categories

� Cat 1 – licensed removal work

� Cat 2 – non licensed removal work

� Cat 3 – asbestos awareness

� Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012

CAR is supported by several ACOP’s and guidance notes

L127 management of asbestos in non domestic premises

L143 work with asbestos containing materials HSG 189/1 HSG 189/2 (withdrawn) HSG 210NFDC Industry Guidance

Technical Guidance Documents e.g.

HSG264 The survey guide , sampling & assessment of asbestos containing materials.

Basically, 2 x types of survey – Refurbishment and demolition – Management

HSG248 The analysts guide (new draft imminent)

HSG247 The licensed contractors guide

� Face Fit – once only providing that you do not change the mask type or size and or your facial features remain the same.

� Notify or Not? – No if removal is of ‘low intensity’ or ‘sporadic’, i.e. less than 0.1fml over any continuous period of 4 hours or 0.6fml over any continuous period of 10 minutes.

� Will the material be degraded or damaged during removal (NNLW)

� Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012

Reg’ 7 requires a suitable written plan of work be in place detailing how the work is to be carried out

Washing and changing facilities and separate storage of PPE & personal clothing be provided

Employers must also provide adequate information, instruction and training to employees inc’ details of monitoring results, health records, assessments etc

to be kept safe for 40 years

� Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012

Reg’ 14 says an employer must provide adequate and suitable PPE / RPE for all employees likely to be exposed to asbestos. But they must be aware that in law, PPE is the last resort!!

Reg’ 19 requires that air monitoring be put into place unless exposure is not likely to exceed the control limit, possibly through compliance with Reg11 which stipulates that such exposure has to be reduced or prevented

� Control Measures

1.1.1.1. Reduce breakageReduce breakageReduce breakageReduce breakage

2.2.2.2. Injection/ killer spraysInjection/ killer spraysInjection/ killer spraysInjection/ killer sprays

3.3.3.3. Shadow vacuumShadow vacuumShadow vacuumShadow vacuum

4.4.4.4. Negative pressure unitNegative pressure unitNegative pressure unitNegative pressure unit

5.5.5.5. Enclosure Enclosure Enclosure Enclosure

6.6.6.6. Air lock & Bag lockAir lock & Bag lockAir lock & Bag lockAir lock & Bag lock

7.7.7.7. Respirator zoneRespirator zoneRespirator zoneRespirator zone

8.8.8.8. Exclusion zoneExclusion zoneExclusion zoneExclusion zone

� Supervision� Daily checks� Maintenance� Inspection� Personal monitoring� Ambient monitoring� 4 stage clearance test� Clearance test on Decontamination unit and

on carriersmust be UKAS Accredited analytical body

4 hour control limit (0.1f/ml)� Flow rate of 1litre/minute� Minimum volume of air 240 litres

10 minute control limit (0.6 f/ml)� Flow rate of 4 litres/minute� Minimum volume of air 40 litres

Can utilise sequential samples of shorter periods of time to arrive at a mean result

� LOCAL AUTHORITY RESPONSIBILITY

RetailersWholesalersExhibitionsOfficesCateringCleaners ie launderettesArts & SportsChurchesUndertakers

� HSE RESPONSIBILITY

Factories

Construction

Demolition

Fairgrounds

Railways

Agriculture

Mines

Shipyards

• HAZARDOUS WASTE REGULATIONS 2005

– Notify the EA and apply for registration of site

– notice to tips prior to carting of materials

•Waste Management Regulations

•Licensed Carriers

•ADR

•Tipping Constraints

� PRE - CLEANING PRIOR TO ERECTION OF ENCLOSURES

� ENVIRONMENTAL CLEAN

� VACUUM MACHINES

MUST BE TYPE ‘H’

‘H’ = HAZARDOUS

MANUFACTURED TO BS5415

DISPOSABLE COLLECTION BAG

PRE-FILTER

HEPA FILTER – 99.998%

� MUST ALWAYS BE USED WITH CLOTH FILTER BAG AND DISPOSABLE WASTE BAG.

� WASTE BAG MUST BE REPLACED WITHIN THE WORKING AREA UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS.

� NOT SUITABLE FOR WET USE.

� ALL VACUUM MACHINES CARRY UNIQUE MANUFACTURERS SERIAL NUMBERS.

� MUST HAVE CURRENT ELECTRICAL TEST

� MUST BE DOP TESTED EVERY 6 MONTHS

� COPIES OF BOTH ELECTRICAL AND DOP TEST CERTIFICATES MUST BE AVAILABLE ON SITE.

TYPE ’H’ VACUUM UNITTYPE ’H’ VACUUM UNIT

10

MOTOR

HEPA FILTER

PRE FILTER SOCK

DISPOSABLE BAG

VACUUM HOSE

� USED TO PLACE THE WORKING ENCLOSURE UNDER NEGATIVE PRESSURE.

� HEPA FILTERED

� PRE - FILTERS

� ROVING HEADS

� MUST ALWAYS BE USED WITH A PRE - FILTER

� ALL NPU’s CARRY UNIQUE MANUFACTURERS SERIAL NUMBERS.

� MUST HAVE CURRENT ELECTRICAL TEST

� MUST BE DOP TESTED EVERY 6 MONTHS

� COPIES OF BOTH ELECTRICAL AND DOP TEST CERTIFICATES MUST BE AVAILABLE ON SITE.

� SIZE OF NPU TO SUIT THE JOB SIZE

� MAY REQUIRE ADDITIONAL NPU’S

TYPICAL NPUTYPICAL NPUTYPICAL NPUTYPICAL NPU

� MUST COMPLY TO EH47

� HAVE 3 COMPARTMENTS

� DIRTY, SHOWER AND CLEAN

� FILTERED WASTE PRIOR TO DRAIN

� SELF CLOSING DOORS

� SEATING

� GAS / ELECTRIC

� HEATERS

� VENTS TO ALLOW AIRFLOW

� LOCKERS

� CHARGING POINTS

� SHOWERS RATIO OF 1 : 4

� MIRRORS

� NEGATIVE PRESSURE UNIT

� ELECTRICAL CERTIFICATE

� DOP TEST CERTIFICATE

� PURPOSE OF AIRLOCKS IS TO PREVENT AS FAR AS IS REASONABLY PRACTICABLE THE SPREAD OF CONTAMINATION AND TO PROTECT PERSONNEL.

� AIRLOCKS GENERALLY CONSIST OF A MINIMUM OF 3 STAGES ( minimum of 1m² )

� FITTED WITH VIEWING PANEL

� FLAPS WEIGHTED

� TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT

� ENCAPSULATION

� WRAP AND CUT

� GLOVE BAGS

� SHADOW VACUUM

� CONTROLLED WET STRIPPING

� MIST SPRAY

� CONTAINMENT

� VACUUM TRANSFER

Type Standard PF

FULL FACE WITH P3 FILTER

HALF MASK WITH P3 FILTER

DISPOSABLE P3 HALF MASK

EN136 / 143

EN140 / 143

EN149

40

20

20

• Demolition needs are closely related to asbestos

� removal

• The two activities often complement one another

� but should always be controlled

• Clear guide lines on interactivity are to be

� rigorously enforced

• Pre-planning coupled with prior knowledge of the

� process is key

� Step 1 – Survey the site

� Step 2 – Sampling & analysis

� Step 3 – Notification & documentation

� Step 4 – Preparation & set up

� Step 5 – Removal works

� Step 6 – Personal monitoring & clearance etc

� Step 7 – Disposal of arisings