freshwater mussels & eels: a missing link in the west branch?freshwater mussels of pennsylvania...
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William A. LellisLeetown Science CenterNorthern Appalachian Research LabWellsboro, PA
Freshwater Mussels & Eels: A Missing Link in the West Branch?
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
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Freshwater Mussels of North America 300 Species
From: Parmalee and Bogan, 1998
0-5 16-75
10-18
60-200
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Freshwater Mussels of Pennsylvania 65 Species
Susquehanna12
Lake Erie 24
Ohio53
Potomac 6
Delaware14
Genesee 2
From: Davis and Bogan, 1990
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Freshwater Mussel InterestButtons
Cultured Pearls
Ecological Services: Food, Filtration
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Freshwater Mussel Life Cycle
LarvaeJuvenile
Sperm
Adult FemaleAdult Male
Fish Host
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Mussel Larvae on Fish Gills
(M.C. Barnhart)
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Larval Dispersal - Broadcast
Larvae released free or in mucus strands.
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Larval Dispersal - Conglutinates
Gelatinous packages designed to mimic food items.
(M.C. Barnhart)
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Larval Dispersal - Lures
Mantle flaps designed to mimic food item or competitor.
(M.C. Barnhart)
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Larval Dispersal - Capture
Mussel captures fish and directly infects gills. (M.C. Barnhart)
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Rainbow - Crayfish Lure
Chris Barnhart, Southern Missouri State UniversityChris Barnhart, Southern Missouri State University
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Broken-Rays Mussel - Fish Lure
Chris Barnhart, Southern Missouri State UniversityChris Barnhart, Southern Missouri State University
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Orange-Nacre Mussel - Superconglutinate
Chris Barnhart, Southern Missouri State UniversityChris Barnhart, Southern Missouri State University
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Northern Riffleshell - Host Capture
Chris Barnhart, Southern Missouri State UniversityChris Barnhart, Southern Missouri State University
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Delaware River Survey 2000-2002
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Delaware River Survey Results (n=307,378)
Elliptio complanata (Eastern elliptio) 98.30
Anodonta implicata (Alewife floater) 1.47
Strophitus undulata (Creeper) 0.11
Pyganodon cataracta (Eastern floater) 0.07
Alasmidonta undulata (Triangle floater) 0.03
Alasmidonta varicosa (Brook floater) 0.01
Lampsilis cariosa (Yellow lampmussel) 0.01
Alasmidonta heterodon (Dwarf wedgemussel) 0.01
Margaritifera margaritifera (Eastern pearlshell) 0.001
%
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Elliptio complanata Eastern elliptio
WATER GAP
PORT JERVIS
NARROWSBURG
CALLICOON
HANCOCK
BUSHKILL
• 281 million mussels(2 million mussels/mile)
• Filter 4 billion gallons per day(36 million gallons/mile/day)
• Remove 100 tons sediment per day(2 tons/mile/day)
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Population Surveys of Elliptio complanata
Delaware River Pine Creek (WB Susquehanna)
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Size/Frequency Distribution of Elliptio complanata
0
10
20
30
40
50
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Total Length (mm)
Perc
ent o
f Pop
ulat
ion
Pine (n=454) Delaware (n=679)
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Fish Hosts for Strophitus undulatus Susquehanna River Mussels
Group AAttachmentTransformation
Atlantic sturgeonBlacknose daceBrook troutCentral stonerollerCommon shinerLargemouth bassLongnose daceRainbow troutRed-spotted newtRiver chubRock bassSlimy sculpin Tessellated darter Yellow bullheadYellow perch
Group BAttachmentNo transformation
American toad tadpole Atlantic salmon Banded darter Bluntnose minnow Cutlips minnowMargined madtomWhite sucker
Group CNo attachmentNo transformation
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Fish Hosts for Elliptio complanata Susquehanna River Mussels
Group AAttachmentTransformation
American eelLake troutBrook troutMottled sculpin
Group BAttachmentNo transformation
American toad tadpoleAtlantic salmonCentral stonerollerCommon shinerCutlips minnowFallfishMargined madtomRainbow troutRock bassSmallmouth bassWhite suckerYellow perch
Group CNo attachmentNo transformation
Atlantic sturgeonBanded darterBlacknose daceBluntnose minnowLargemouth bassLongnose daceRed-spotted newtRiver chubShield darterSlimy sculpinSpottail darterTessellated darterYellow bullhead
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American Eel Life Cycle
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Susquehanna Rivers Dams
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Eel - Mussel Link in Susquehanna River?
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Elliptio complanata Filtration Capacity
(J. Alderman)50 Minute Trial