french revolution pre-revolutionary society long term causes short term causes aftermath
TRANSCRIPT
French Revolution
Pre-Revolutionary Society
Long Term Causes
Short Term Causes
Aftermath
French RevolutionPre-Revolutionary Society
Clergy NoblesProfessional people,
peasants and laborers
French RevolutionPre-Revolutionary Society
Clergy NoblesProfessional people,
peasants and laborers
First Estate
Second Estate
Third Estate
French RevolutionPre-Revolutionary Society
Clergy NoblesProfessional people,
peasants and laborers
First Estate
Second Estate
Third Estate
Smallest part of the population least % in taxes
Largest part of population paid greatest % in taxes
French RevolutionPre-Revolutionary Society
Land Ownership
10% 20% 70%
French Revolution
Pre-Revolutionary Society
Land Ownership
10% 20% 70%
1st Estate 2nd Estate 3rd Estate
French RevolutionLong Term Causes
King Louis XVI
--ruled from 1774
to 1792
--weak and indecisive,
lacked self-confidence
Upf.edu
French RevolutionLong Term Causes
Economy
--Controller General Jacques Turgot believed in the Enlightenment
philosophy of laissez-faire.
--removed restrictions on grain and abolished the guilds
--didn’t have the peasants work on the royal roads, no corvee labor.
French RevolutionLong Term Causes
Deficit Financing
--Variation on taxation from town to town
--Exceptions for privileged groups
--Taxes paid on commercial activity for consumers
French RevolutionUnjust Legal System
--The king could imprison anyone for any reason for any period of time
--A person could remain in jail without trial
French RevolutionWar
--French and Indian War
--American Revolution
Estates GeneralKing Louis XVI(ruled 1774-1792)
Needs to raise money to support The government
How does he do it?
Estates General
First session called in 175 years May 1789.
Estates General
Estates General
How was it set up?
First Estate—300 Representatives
Second Estate—300 Representatives
Third Estate—300 Representatives
Each Estate had only one vote
Estates General
How were the delegates selected?
The king invites citizens to meet and elect delegates in their local parishes to district local assemblies and to draft petitions (cahiers) views.
Estates General
What did these Cahiers say?
Most spoke of local ills, high taxes. Very few spoke of natural rights or sovereignty. Some demanded a constitution, feudalism and regional privileges abolished.
Estates General
Result
National Assembly
June 17, 1789
The Third Estate withdraws and forms the National Assembly. They want to limit the power of the king and more rights for the common people
Tennis Court Oath
Members of the Third Estate moved indoors to a Tennis court and vowed not to separate until they had given France a constitution.
Tennis Court Oath
King Louis XVI Response
He finally addresses all the delegates on
June 23, 1789.
However, the king threatens to arrest the
National assembly.
The Bastille
National Assembly’s Response
July 14, 1789
Peasants storm the Bastille, a jail in Paris not to free prisoners, but they were looking for
weapons.
Consequently, the peasants burn all the tax records.
The Revolution has begun.
The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins
What happens to King Louis XVI?
--France was at war with Prussia in early 1792.
--In Prussia, Francis II comes to power. He tries
to influence politics because Marie Antionette
is his aunt. He also wants territory.
The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins
1792--The revolution was in full force.
There were two factions:
Revolutionists and
Radicals
The radicals were called Jacobins. They started out as
a political club in Paris. They believed in establishing
liberty by coercion.
The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins
What happens to King Louis XVI?
--The Legislative Assembly orders refractory
clergy arrested and 20,000 national
guardsman to protect Paris. Louis vetoes both
measures.
The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins
What happens to King Louis XVI?Jacobins seize power on August 10, 1792. They storm the Palace at Tuileries
and drive the king from the throne.
http://wirednewyork.com/forum/showthread.php?t=10316
Digital.library.northwestern.edu
The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins
What happens to King Louis XVI?
--Louis XVI is guillotined on January 21, 1793 for treason, plotting with the Austria and Prussia.
The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins
Maximilien Robespierre
(1758-1794)
--Takes over in France and institutes two laws:
Law of Maxium
General price controls
Law of Suspects
Imprison citizens whose loyalty they suspected
Mountholyoke.edu
The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins
Maximilien Robespierre
(1758-1794)
All of his policies led to the Reign of Terror and the 12-Man Committee on Public Safety which was interested in looking for threats against the
revolution.
One example of this was the drowning of priests at Nantes and the execution of 200 citizens at Lyons.
The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins
Maximilien Robespierre and the Reign of Terror
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyZsLYxaIuM