free, prior and informed consent (fpic): a local and ... · contribupons of indigenous peoples to...
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Free,priorandinformedconsent(FPIC):Alocalandglobalconcern
VictoriaTauli-Corpuz,SpecialRapporteurontherightsofindigenouspeoples
27October2016,LakeheadUniversity,Thunderbay,Ontario,Canada
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Outline
• MandateandRoleoftheSpecialRapporteurontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples
• LegalbasisofFree,PriorandInformedConsent:LocalandGlobalPerspecPves
• ArgumentsandPracPcesusedtoundermineFPIC
• RoadAhead
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UNSpecialRapporteurontherightsofindigenouspeoples
• Createdin2001• Firstmandateholders:RodolfoStavenhagen(2001-2008),JamesAnaya(2008-2014),VictoriaTauli-Corpuz(2014-2017)
• Maininstruments– UNDeclaraPonontherightsofindigenouspeoples– ILOConvenPonNo.169– OtherrelevantUNtreaPes– Regionalhumanrightsinstruments
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Mandate:SpecialRapporteurontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples(2016)
(a) ToexaminewaysandmeansofovercomingexisPngobstaclestothefullandeffecPveprotecPonoftherightsofindigenouspeoples,andtoidenPfy,exchangeandpromotebestpracPces;
(b) Togather,request,receiveandexchangeinformaPonandcommunicaPonsfromallrelevantsources,includingGovernments,
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Mandate:SpecialRapporteurontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples
indigenouspeoplesandtheircommuniPesandorganizaPons,onallegedviolaPonsoftherightsofindigenouspeoples
(c)ToformulaterecommendaPonsandproposalsonappropriatemeasuresandacPviPestopreventandremedyviolaPonsoftherightsofindigenouspeoples
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SpecialRapporteurontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples
(d)ToworkinclosecooperaPonandcoordinaPonwithotherspecialproceduresandsubsidiaryorgansoftheCouncil,inparPcularwiththeExpertMechanismontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples,relevantUnitedNaPonsbodies,thetreatybodies,andregionalhumanrightsorganizaPons;
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MandateoftheSpecialRapporteur(e) ToenhanceengagementwithandtoparPcipateintheannualsessionsofthePermanentForumonIndigenousIssuesandoftheExpertMechanismontheRightsofIndigenousPeoplestoensurecomplementaritybetweentheirwork;(f) TodeveloparegularcooperaPvedialoguewithallrelevantactors,includingGovernments,relevantUnitedNaPonsbodies,specializedagenciesandprogrammes,aswellasindigenouspeoples,naPonalhumanrightsinsPtuPons,non-governmentalorganizaPonsandotherregionalorsubregionalinternaPonalinsPtuPons,includingonpossibiliPesfortechnicalcooperaPonattherequestofGovernments;(g) TopromotetheUnitedNaPonsDeclaraPonontheRightsofIndigenousPeoplesandinternaPonalinstrumentsrelevanttotheadvancementoftherightsofindigenouspeoples,whereappropriate;
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MANDATE:UNSpecialRapporteurontheRightsofIndigenouspeoples
(h) Topayspeciala^enPontothehumanrightsandfundamentalfreedomsofindigenouschildrenandwomen,andtotakeintoaccountagenderperspecPveintheperformanceofhis/hermandate;(i) ToconsiderrelevantrecommendaPonsoftheworldconferences,summitsandotherUnitedNaPonsmeePngs,aswellastherecommendaPons,observaPonsandconclusionsofthetreatybodiesonma^ersregardinghis/hermandate;(j) TosubmitareportontheimplementaPonofthemandatetotheCouncilandtotheGeneralAssemblyinaccordancewiththeirannualprogrammeofwork;
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SpecialRapporteurontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples
• CommunicaPons• CountryVisits–Paraguay,Honduras,Brazil,Finland/Sweden/Norway(Sapmi)
• ThemaPcStudies-indigenouswomenandgirls;investments;conservaPon
• ParPcipaPoninotherUNprocessesandevents
• BusinessandHumanRightsprocesses
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Norm-se)ngprocessesandestablishmentofspacesintheUN• 1989ILOConvenPonNo.169onIndigenousandTribal
Peoples(succeededILOConvenPon107,1957)• UNDeclaraPonontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples
(1985-2007)–WorkingGrouponIndigenousPopulaPons
• WorldConferenceonIndigenousPeoplesOutcomeDocument(22-23September2014)
• UNPermanentForumonIndigenous(2001)• UNSpecialRapporteurontheRightsofIndigenous
Peoples(2001)• UNExpertMechanismontheRightsofIndigenous
Peoples(2007)
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LegalbasisofFree,PriorandInformedConsent
Self-Determina9onbasednorma9veframeworkofindigenouspeoplesrights.UNDeclara9onontheRightsofIndigenousPeoplesArPcle3–Indigenouspeopleshavetherighttoself-determinaPon.ByvirtueofthisrighttheyfreelydeterminetheirpoliPcalstatusandfreelypursuetheireconomic,socialandculturalArt.26–righttoown,manage,controllands,territoriesandresourceswhichtheytradiPonallyown,occupiedorotherwiseacquired,
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LegalbasisofFree,PriorandInformedConsent
UNDeclara9onontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples§ Art.10–incaseofrelocaPon§ Art.11–redressthrougheffecPvemechanisms,withrespecttotheircultural,intellectual,religiousandspiritualpropertytakenwithouttheirfree,priorandinformedconsentorinviolaPonoftheirlaws,tradiPonsandcustoms.
§ Art.19–whenStatesadoptlegislaPveoradministraPvemeasuresthataffectindigenouspeoples
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LegalbasisofFree,PriorandInformedConsent
§ Art.28–righttoredress,forthelands,territoriesandresourceswhichhavebeenconfiscated,taken,occupied,usedordamagedwithouttheirfree,priorandinformedconsent.
§ Art.29–disposalofhazardouswastesinindigenouspeoples'territories
§ Art.32–consultandcooperateingoodfaithpriortoapprovalofanyprojectaffecPngindigenouslands,territoriesandresources,parPcularlyexploitaPonofmineral,waterorotherresources
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ArgumentsusedtochallengeFPIC
§ Publicinterest§ Commongood§ NaPonalDevelopmentObjecPves§ FPICandinclusiveandexclusivedemocracy§ Statesovereignty§ Eminentdomain§ Subsoilrights
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Challenges;
• ImplementaPongapinimplementaPonoftheUNDeclaraPonontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples,ILOConvenPonNo.169andCourtdecisions
• Lowlevelofawarenessofgovernmentofficialsandthedominantsocietyonindigenouspeoples’situaPonsandrights
• InadequatecapaciPesofindigenouspeoplestoassertandclaimtheirrights.
• Persistenceofracistanddiscriminatorylawsandpoliciesagainstindigenouspeoples
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Challenges;
• NeedtobuildfurthercapaciPesofindigenouspeoplestoreadanduserecommendaPonsofSRtopursuefurtherimplementaPonofUNDeclaraPonandILOConvenPonNo.169.
• MoreacPveandeffecPveuseoftheWorldConferenceonIndigenousPeoples(WCIP)OutcomeDocumentforbe^erprotecPonandfulfilmentofrights.
• SustainedmonitoringandreporPngofhowrightsofindigenouspeoplesareprotected,respectedandfulfilled
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OpportuniPes;
• IncreasingevidencesonandrecogniPonofposiPvecontribuPonsofindigenouspeoplestoachievingecologicalbalance,sustainabledevelopmentandculturaldiversity.
• MorepoliciesonindigenouspeoplesmadebyUNagenciesandprograms(UNDP,IFAD,FAO,WB,ADB,etc.)
• Theneedtoobtainfree,priorandinformedconsentofindigenouspeoplesbecominganormaPvestandard.
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OpportuniPes;
• IndigenouspeoplespukngpriorityinstrengtheningtheircommuniPes,pracPcingtheirindigenousvaluesandimplemenPngtheirself-determineddevelopment.
• SpecialRapporteur’sincreasingengagementanddialogueswithgovernments,UNandothermulPlateralbodiesandindigenouspeoplesforawarenessraisingandcapacitybuilding.
• ReportsofpreviousSRsandpresentSRusedasreferencesindevelopmentofcourtdecisions,policiesandprograms.
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DakkelayIyaman!Thankyou!
;
• Website:www.unsr.vtaulicorpuz.org• Email;[email protected],[email protected]
• Twi^er:#vtaulicorpuzAddress:1RomanAysonRoad,BaguioCityPhilippines,2600