free organic gardening guide pdf

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Introduction

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For over 38 years, Down To Earth has been one of the country’s leading manufacturers and distributors of natural fertilizers and premium organic gardening products. We take pride in offering only the highest quality ingredients that help provide an effective and environmentally friendly approach to plant care, crop fertilization and soil management.

Down To Earth features a complete line of natural and organic fertilizers, soil amendments, composts and potting media that work with the microorganisms, fungi and organic matter in the soil to feed plants and stimulate growth. Our natural fertilizers are carefully blended from the best sources of organic nutrients in ideal proportions without the use of synthetics, growth stimulants or low quality fillers like poultry waste. You can be confident that you are giving your farm or garden the best product available, whether it’s a multi-purpose blend or a specialized soil amendment.

Our products are used by home gardeners, commercial growers, nurseries and garden centers, both conventional and organic, who want an eco-friendly alternative to modern chemical fertilizers and soil additives. Any gardener or farmer can utilize our professional grade, field tested products to improve crop production, strengthen soil health and promote a sustainable approach to agriculture.

Protecting the environment is integral to the Down To Earth philosophy; so, since 1997, we’ve packaged our fertilizers in 100% recycled paperboard boxes.

The boxes are unbleached and printed with plant based inks. The box is so completely recyclable it can be shredded and added to your compost pile! Our boxes hold more than other brands (5-6

pounds compared to 2 pounds) making them the most economical and convenient option for the average gardener. Our Mini Boxes, available in the thirteen most popular blends and single ingredient fertilizers, are terrific for container gardeners. We also offer small and large bags for the avid

grower, small farmer and for use in commercial crop production.

Our fertilizer boxes explain which fertilizers to use, when to use them, and the appropriate application rates for various gardening tasks. In addition, we have provided helpful organic gardening tips in this guide; so, whether you are trying to fertilize the trees and shrubs in your backyard or prepare a new garden bed for delicious summer vegetables, Down To Earth provides detailed, encouraging information to help you succeed.

Down To Earth extends a sincere thank you to all of our customers. Our extensive product selection has developed over the last thirty-eight years due to your requests, positive feedback and continued support of organic and sustainable agriculture. We offer an earnest and heartfelt thank you for the opportunity to provide you with the very best in organic and natural gardening products.

ContentsThe Basics of Organic Gardening ........................................................................4

100% Natural Compost, Organic Worm Compost ................................................5

All Natural Potting Soil, Pro-Organic Mix, Earth Plugs .........................................6 Diatomite Rock, Coconut Coir Fiber, Coconut Husk Chips ..................................7

Granular Root Growth Enhancer, Soluble Root Growth Enhancer ......................8 Granular Root Zone, Soluble Root Zone ..............................................................9 Granular Endo, Ultrafine Endo ...........................................................................10

Basics of Organic Fertilizers ..........................................................................11-12

Acid Mix, All Purpose Mix ...................................................................................12 Bio-Fish, Bio-Live, Citrus Mix, Rose & Flower Mix .............................................13 Starter Mix, Tree & Shrub Mix, Vegan Mix .........................................................14

Alfalfa Meal, AZOMITE Granulated, AZOMITE SR ............................................15 Bat Guano 9-3-1, Bat Guano 0-7-0, Blood Meal, Bone Meal ............................16 Cottonseed Meal, Crab Meal, Feather Meal .......................................................17 Fish Bone Meal, Fish Meal, Greensand .............................................................18 Granular Humic Acids, Kelp Meal, Langbeinite .................................................19 Neem Seed Meal, Oyster Shell, Pro-Organic Nitro ...........................................20 Seabird Guano 12-12-2, Seabird Guano 0-11-0, Shrimp Meal, Organic Soybean Meal ...................................................................................21

Liquid All Purpose, Liquid Bloom, Liquid Bone Meal .........................................22 Liquid Kelp & Potash, Liquid MicroNutrient, Liquid Calcium ..............................23 Fish Powder, KelPlex, FulPlex Gold ..................................................................24 HumaPlex, AGmino ...........................................................................................25

Growing Healthy Grass Tips ...............................................................................26 Bio-Turf, Corn Weed Blocker ..............................................................................27

Nutritional Problems, Ecological Pest Control ....................................................28 Elements For Optimal Growth, Benefits of Mycorrhizae .....................................29

Fertilizer Usage ............................................................................................ 30-31

Compost

Potting Soil & Seed Starting Media

Mycorrhizal Fungi& Beneficial Bacteria

Fertilizer Blends

Single Ingredient Fertilizers

Liquid & Soluble Fertilizers

Lawn Care

Fertilizer Chart

Soil Overview

Overview

Plant Protection

3Copyright © 2015 Down To Earth Distributors, Inc. • 4/2015

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Feed Your Soil:The Basics of Organic Gardening

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Just what is Organic Gardening? Simply put, it is growing plants in harmony with nature by using biologically sound cultural practices to improve the soil, promote healthy plant development and encourage a fruitful harvest. By utilizing a diverse selection of natural and organic fertilizers, as well as minerals and soil amendments, we can support this process.

Feeding the soil is the foundation of organic gardening. Conventional gardening practices treat the soil as a structural medium and focus on feeding the plant directly with synthetic fertilizers. This may diminish the soil’s natural capacity for supporting plant health because it ignores, and may harm, the essential living components of soil that plants rely on.

Organic gardening emphasizes continually strengthening the complex soil environment. That promotes healthy, vibrant plant growth, and allows the plants to grow at a natural pace and produce the best tasting, most nutritious foods for you and your family.

For plants to grow, they need air, water, a porous medium for root expansion and food. The food is provided by minerals and organic matter in the soil, and can be supplemented with the addition of amendments, composts, manures, minerals, natural fertilizers or by companion plants such as legumes. Besides providing plant nutrients, organic matter serves additional functions: it adds structure to sandy soils and helps loosen clay, it retains moisture, improves aeration and feeds the beneficial inhabitants, such as bacteria and fungi present in the soil. Organic matter originates from once living sources such as plants and their root systems, mulch and woody materials, soil organisms and plant and animal waste in the form of compost. This process of renewal and decay eventually transforms organic matter into humus, a highly complex substance that is often described as the “life-force” of a healthy soil.

Mature compost is also referred to as humus, and is thought by some to be the most important factor in the

enrichment of soils in both a physical and chemical sense. Besides increasing fertility, compost also helps the soil retain moisture and encourages the formation of good soil structure. Chemically, it makes nutrients more available to plants and feeds the soil population of microorganisms and other creatures, thus maintaining high levels of healthy soil life. Compost is also an ideal way to recycle what would otherwise be considered home and yard waste. Backyard composting transforms waste into a valuable resource and reduces the amount of materials heading towards landfills.

Cover crops are another way to increase organic matter and feed your soil at the same time. They help break up compacted soils and control erosion while deterring weeds and attracting beneficial insects. When mown and left to decompose, they are referred to as a green manure, acting like mulch and slowly adding nutrients to the soil. Good cover crops choices include alfalfa, barley, buckwheat, clovers, fava beans, field peas, oats, vetch, winter rye and wheat.

Mulch can be placed around plants to help retard weeds, hold moisture, prevent erosion and modify soil temperatures. Gradually, the mulch materials will break down, adding to the organic matter content and enriching the soil. Excellent sources of readily available mulch include leaves, bark, straw, pine needles and even plain cardboard.

Keep in mind that compost, cover crops and mulch should be used as part of a comprehensive organic system to increase soil fertility, and thereby improve plant growth and production. Natural and organic fertilizers can complement the nutrients present in organic matter amendments to enhance fruit and vegetable plants growing in your garden. Organic gardeners employ a more sustainable approach to gardening, that revitalizes their soil and develops a stronger relationship with Earth’s ecosystems.

Compost

Down To Earth Organic Worm Compost

Down To Earth 100% Natural Compost

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Down To Earth Suggests…• Applying two inches of compost to new gardens

and one inch of compost to existing gardens.• Top dress lawns, fruit trees, and containers with

one-half inch of compost twice each year.

Compost Application ChartOne cubic foot will cover: 48 square feet quarter inch deep 24 square feet half inch deep 12 square feet one inch deep 6 square feet two inches deep 4 square feet three inches deep

• Considered by many to be the finest organic amendment available, worm compost or vermicompost, has superior soil enriching properties compared to conventional composts.

• Used to help improve the structure of garden soils, increase the organic matter content of potting mixes and is ideal for making highly effective, actively aerated compost teas (AACT) for foliar applications and soil drenches.

• An effective and economical alternative to pure worm castings with many of the same benefits for soil enhancement and plant growth.

• Contains: Vermicompost

• Perfect for amending garden soils, creating your own potting mix or making beneficial compost teas and extracts.

• Adding generous amounts of organic matter to vegetable gardens and flower beds helps build soil structure, improves moisture retention and promotes more productive fruits, vegetables and flowers. Top dressing or mulching with compost throughout the year enriches the soil, stimulates root development, suppresses weeds and helps prevent erosion.

• Our compost does not contain any municipal yard wastes like grass clippings or leaves and is free of any herbicide or pesticide residues commonly found in commercial composts.

• Contains: Composted Forest Products, Composted Bark, Composted Dairy Manure, Kelp Meal and Oyster Shell (for pH adjustment).

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• Our custom blend of premium ingredients makes this soil an excellent all purpose mix for seed starting, transplanting and container gardening.

• Rich in pure Earthworm Castings, Worm Compost and Organic Fertilizers, our biologically active potting soil nourishes your plants while retaining adequate moisture to help reduce watering needs.

• Diverse strains of mycorrhizal fungi promote extensive root development, increased nutrient uptake and improved stress resistance in a wide variety of plants, trees and shrubs.

• Contains: Aged Pacific Northwest Bark, Coir Fiber, Worm Compost, Earthworm Castings, Perlite and Diatomite plus Organic Fertilizers and Mycorrhizal Fungi

• A professional potting medium specifically formulated for organic growers who want a lightweight, biologically active seed starting, transplant and container mix with exceptional water retention.

• Enhanced with beneficial microorganisms and mycorrhizal fungi to encourage expansive root development and efficient nutrient uptake.

• Pro-Organic Mix is designed to meet the USDA National Organic Program (NOP) requirements and can be used by certified organic growers for a wide variety of crops and applications.

• Contains: Coarse Sphagnum Peat Moss, Coconut Coir Fiber, Perlite, Worm Compost, Diatomite, Mycorrhizal Fungi, Natural Wetting Agent and Organic Fertilizers

Potting Soil

Potting & Seed Starting Media

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All Natural Plant Starters for Propagating Cuttings and Germinating Seeds

• Completely biodegradable• Made of composted natural materials and a plant derived polymer• Provides optimum aeration and water penetration for expansive root development• Protects delicate young roots during handling and transplanting

Earth Plugs are an easy, effective method of starting seeds or rooting cuttings. The pre-formed plugs provide a flexible, aerated design that resists compaction and will not crumble when transplanting. Earth Plugs promote superior root development for rapid plant establishment and vigorous new growth.

Earth Plugs

Down to Earth All Natural Potting Soil

Down to Earth Pro-Organic Mix



Diatomite Rock

Coconut Husk Chips

Coconut Coir Fiber

A compressed, all purpose medium shredded fiber and pith blend that makes an excellent addition to potting mixes to provide structure, aeration and improved water holding capacity. An ideal alternative to coarse peat moss in bulk potting media, compost bins, garden beds and soil mixes designed for medium to large containers.

An ideal bark medium that provides excellent aeration and structure while retaining moisture for the plant. Coconut Husk Chips are perfect for orchids, Bromeliads, Anthiriums and any other plant that thrives in bark, rockwool or clay media.

Coconut Coir Fiber Fine Pith

A compressed, fine grade pith and short fiber blend that we recommend as a superior alternative to screened peat moss. Our Coir Fiber Pith is a light, fluffy organic material that provides exceptional water and nutrient retention in all seed starting and sprouting mediums. Use anywhere a fine texture is desired such as in propagation trays and seedling flats.

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Diatomite Rock is a naturally mined mineral composed entirely of the skeletal remains of trillions of microscopic, unicellular plankton called diatoms. It permanently improves the structure, drainage and oxygen exchange of heavy soils and horticultural growing media, because it is indefinitely stable and non-compactable. The porous aggregate particles wet rapidly and will absorb greater than 100% of their own weight in water, acting as a reservoir for plant available water (PAW) and nutrients. Fine to medium particle size (2-7 mm).

• All natural, eco-friendly peat alternative made from coconut husks• Excellent amendment for all types of potting media from seed starting to large containers• Also ideal for worm bins, compost piles, hanging baskets and garden soils • High water holding capacity – up to 10 times its weight• Promotes optimal aeration and drainage• Neutral to slightly acidic pH 5.5-6.5• Fresh water rinsed and sundriedWe offer three different types of Coconut Coir products:

Down To Earth Coconut Coir

Helpful Hints

Coir Hydration Instructions Unwrap brick or block. Let sit for several hours in warm (if possible) water. The fine pith coir will expand on its own like a sponge. The medium shredded fiber and pith will absorb some water, but will require working to finish breaking the material apart and to achieve uniformity.

Mycorrhizal Fungi& Beneficial Bacteria

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• An all purpose, easy to use granular combination of 11 species of Mycorrhizal Fungi

• Use when seeding or transplanting directly into garden soils and when preparing soil or soilless mixes

• Contains both Endo- and Ecto- types to benefit a diverse selection of plants including popular garden vegetables, and landscape trees and shrubs

• Improves nutrient and water uptake by increasing root access, and can help mitigate transplant and drought stress

Contains: 4 species (20,000 propagules/pound) of Endomycorrhizae, and 7 species (110 million propagules/pound) of Ectomycorrhizae and organic 3-1-1 fertilizer.

• An all purpose, easy to use combination of 11 species of Mycorrhizal Fungi and soluble humic acids that readily dissolves in water for inoculating plants and soils

• Can be used to coat seeds prior to planting, for watering in transplants, sprinkling directly on roots or, on any existing container plants, bedding plants, trees, shrubs and turf

• Contains both Endo- and Ecto- types to benefit a diverse selection of plants including popular garden vegetables, and landscape trees and shrubs

• Improves nutrient and water uptake by increasing root access, and can help mitigate transplant and drought stress

Contains: 4 species (96,000 propagules/pound) of Endomycorrhizae, 7 species (155 million propagules/pound) of Ectomycorrhizae and 40% Humic Acids.

“Myco”-“rrhizae” literally means “fungus”-“root” and defines the mutually beneficial relationship between plants and these specialized fungi. The fungi colonize plant roots and extend microscopic filaments into the surrounding soil profile, greatly enhancing the effective surface area of the root system. The mycorrhizal hyphae can access nutrients and water unavailable to the host plant’s roots, because they explore a much larger volume of soil.

More than 90 percent of plant species form a symbiotic relationship with these types of beneficial soil fungi. Over 70 percent of plant species, including most common vegetables, flowers, fruits, grasses and agricultural crops, form endomycorrhizal

Granular Root Growth Enhancer

Soluble Root Growth Enhancer

relationships. Endomycorrhizae penetrate into plant roots, delivering nutrients directly.

A smaller percentage of species, including the most popular conifers and oaks, form ectomycorrhizal relationships. Ectomycorrhizae live in close proximity to, but outside, plant roots.

The mycorrhizal products we offer contain the most diverse and effective strains of mycorrhizal fungi available anywhere. Several of our fertilizer blends also contain mycorrhizae.

Apply all these products so they come into direct contact with existing or emerging plant roots. By utilizing a robust mix of beneficial soil organisms, plants can survive and thrive the way they naturally evolved.

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• A powerful blend of 16 species of Mycorrhizal Fungi, 2 species of Trichoderma, 12 species of Beneficial Bacteria, organic fertilizer and humic acids to stimulate and energize the living soil

• Easy to handle granular formula to use when seeding or transplanting directly into garden soils and when preparing soil or soilless mixes

• Contains both Endo- and Ecto- types plus Trichoderma and Beneficial Bacteria to assist a diverse selection of plants including popular garden vegetables, and landscape trees and shrubs

• These diverse beneficial soil organisms colonize plant roots and the surrounding soil, then work together to greatly enhance and protect plant root systems

Contains: 9 species (30,000 propagules/pound) of Endomycorrhizae, 7 species (140 million propagules/pound) of Ectomycorrhizae, 2 species (500 million CFU*/pound) of Trichoderma, 12 species (4.4 billion CFU*/pound) Beneficial Bacteria, Organic 3-1-1 Fertilizer and 5% Humic Acids.

• A water soluble version of our most diverse biological product that contains 16 species of Mycorrhizal Fungi, 2 species of Trichoderma, 12 species of Beneficial Bacteria and humic acids

• Can be used to coat seeds prior to planting, for watering in transplants, sprinkling directly on roots, or on any existing container plants, bedding plants, trees, shrubs and turf

• Contains both Endo- and Ecto- types plus Trichoderma and Beneficial Bacteria to assist a diverse selection of plants including popular garden vegetables and landscape trees and shrubs

• These diverse beneficial soil organisms colonize plant roots and the surrounding soil, then work together to greatly enhance and protect plant root systems

Contains: 9 species (30,000 propagules/pound) of Endomycorrhizae, 7 species (140 million propagules/pound) of Ectomycorrhizae, 2 species (300 million CFU*/pound) of Trichoderma, 12 species (4.4 billion CFU*/pound) Beneficial Bacteria and 25% Humic Acids.

Granular Root Zone with Beneficial Bacteria

Soluble Root Zone with Beneficial Bacteria

Also see Bio-Live 5-4-2 (page 13), Starter Mix 3-3-3 (page 14) and Tree & Shrub Mix 4-2-4 (page 14).

• Water the seedling, plant, shrub or tree with a liquid fertilizer high in phosphorous and potassium the day before transplanting to prevent shock.

• Pop the seedling or plant out of its old container with as much root ball as possible. Cut through the mass of tangled roots and remove any excess amount if root bound.

• Keep the root ball damp at all times to prevent roots from drying out while out of the ground. Leave the plant out of the soil for the shortest time possible.

• Keep the plant stem base level with the new soil, one or two inches below the lip of the new container. Tamp the soil down gently and firmly to remove air pockets, and water in well.

• Transplant outdoor plants on a cloudy day or in the evening, and keep in partial shade for a few days. Gradually expose seedlings to chilly temperatures before the final transplant into soil or another container.

• Always evaluate the soil before transplanting. If the soil is hard clay or sandy, add compost into the backfill soil, and fertilize with a transplant mix to help the plant re-establish faster.

*CFU: Colony Forming Unit

Transplanting Tips

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• A carefully selected combination of 4 widely adapted species of Endomycorrhizal Fungi

• Over 70% of the worlds plant species, including most vegetables, flowers, fruits, grasses and herbs, form beneficial relationships with endomycorrhizae

• Easy to handle granular blend to use when seeding or transplanting directly into garden soils and when preparing soil or soil-less mixes

• Improves plant survival, growth and yield, and can decrease demand for water and nutrients

Contains: 4 species (60,000 propagules/pound) of Endomycorrhizae.

• A highly concentrated, carefully selected combination of 4 species of Endomycorrhizal Fungi

• Over 70% of the worlds plant species including most vegetables, flowers, fruits, grasses and herbs form beneficial relationships with endomycorrhizae

• Super fine powder can be used to coat seeds prior to planting, for watering in transplants, sprinkling directly on roots or, on any existing container plants, bedding plants, trees, shrubs and turf

• Improves plant survival, growth and yield, and can decrease demand for water and nutrients

Contains: 4 species (127,000 propagules/pound) of Endomycorrhizae.

Granular Endo

Ultrafine Endo

The MycoApply® Certified logo is the gold standard of mycorrhizal certification, assuring the overall integrity of mycorrhizal ingredients for consumers and end-users throughout numerous markets and industries.All Certified Products meet the following guidelines in relation to proper mycorrhizae use and incorporation:• Appropriate Rate (Application rates should give full inoculation in a 1 year period)• Used in/with Appropriate Material (not harmful to the mycorrhizae)• Finished product must demonstrate reasonable performance for intended purpose• Appropriate species for the appropriate target plants

All Down To Earth Mycorrhizal Products are MycoApply® Certified

Helpful Hints

Dogs are frequently attracted to organic fertilizers, especially if they contain fish. Try a top dressing of cayenne powder where you're fertilizing. It may deter the dog. Be sure not to rub your eyes after applying.

Organic Fertilizers derived from plant, animal or mineral resources, and combined with organic matter, are ideal for enhancing soil fertility and stimulating plant growth in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way. Organic fertilizers add nutrients to the soil for uptake by plants and for use by the myriad microorganisms that inhabit healthy, productive soil. Fertilizers are available as single ingredient nutrients or as complete blends with multiple applications.

Understanding the NPK RatioFertilizers are labeled with numbers that represent the percentage of the three primary macronutrients – nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) – that are immediately available in the fertilizer. These elements are listed as the NPK ratio. For example, our All Purpose Mix 4-6-2 is comprised of each primary nutrient, whereas our Blood Meal 12-0-0 is a single ingredient source of nitrogen. Each nutrient plays specific and complementary roles. Very generally, nitrogen energizes vegetative growth, phosphorus produces expansive roots, flowers, fruits and viable seeds, while potassium (or potash) promotes sturdy stems, plus resistance to disease and temperature stress. Most fertilizers will also contain varying amounts of the secondary macronutrients – calcium, sulfur and magnesium – along with trace elements or micronutrients that also play essential roles in plant nutrition.

To someone accustomed to the higher NPK ratios of chemical fertilizers, such as 18-51-20, the modest amounts occurring in organic fertilizers may appear inadequate. However, nothing could be further from the truth; organics break down at a slower rate. Nitrogen supplying organic fertilizers contain insoluble nitrogen that releases slowly with greater

Supplement Your Soil:The Basics of Organic Fertilizers

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effectiveness than conventional fertilizer, and reducing the need to reapply fertilizers as often in order to maintain soil fertility. Organics minimize the possibility of “burning” plants with concentrated chemical supplies of nutrients. They improve overall soil health rather than degrade it, by encouraging soil microbial life to flourish. Since organic fertilizers

last longer and release their nutrients slowly, their long-term NPK amounts will be greater and more beneficial than what is shown on the label.

Single Ingredient Fertilizers are used for specific plant needs and in certain stages of a plant’s development. For example, a high nitrogen source like Feather Meal 12-0-0 is used when heavy feeding plants, such as corn, need an additional boost early in the season. To promote big, beautiful blooms on your flowering plants, utilize a high phosphorus fertilizer, such as our Seabird Guano 0-11-0 or Bat Guano 0-7-0.

Fertilizer Blends, on the other hand, are used for more general needs around the home and garden. Our All Purpose Mix 4-6-2 is ideal for vegetables, flowers and trees as well as houseplants. A great advantage of multipurpose blends is that they save gardeners time and labor by offering a variety of single ingredients pre-mixed in exact and balanced proportions.

The Various Fertilizer StylesOrganic fertilizers are sold in three forms: dry, water-soluble powder and liquid.

Dry fertilizers come in several textures: pulverized powder, meal, granulated and pelletized. They can be broadcast or spread over garden soils and lawns, and also incorporated into potting soils to provide nutrients to transplants and new plants. Dry organic fertilizers generally meet plants’ needs by releasing their nutrients slowly over time in a steady supply.

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Soluble powder fertilizers begin to break down immediately, so they can be applied to the top few inches of soil for quick release, or transformed into a liquid fertilizer for foliar feeding or for use in irrigation systems. A foliar tea can be made by soaking the fertilizer powder overnight in a cloth bag suspended in a container of water. In the morning, empty the residue that is left in the bag around your garden, and pour or spray the richly colored liquid on garden plants.

Liquid fertilizers usually come as a concentrate and need to be diluted with water before using in your garden or to feed your houseplants. Both teas and

dilutions can be applied with watering cans, hose end sprayers or through irrigation systems in a method known as fertigation. Tea and liquid soil feedings work best after a light rain or regular watering when the soil is more absorbent. Teas and liquids can also be applied directly to the leaves and bark of plants and trees using the above mentioned foliar feeding methods. Foliar sprays can be more effective than soil applications in correcting nutritional deficiencies and treating stress related problems under some conditions. For best results, spray early in the morning and when the air temperature is below 85° F.

Down To Earth Fertilizer BlendsA fertilizer blended specially for acid soil loving plants like rhododendrons, azaleas, hydrangeas, evergreen trees and shrubs, blueberries, raspberries and other plants that thrive in a low pH soil. To encourage lush flowers and fruit, apply Acid Mix in early spring for vegetative growth and again when blooms appear. Late fall applications promote healthy root growth and boost resistance to extreme winter temperatures.

Ingredients: Cottonseed Meal, Langbeinite, Fish Bone Meal, Rock Phosphate, Humates and Kelp Meal

Apply 5-6 pounds per 100 square feet/1-2 tablespoons per gallon in containers. Additional application rates included on package.

A gentle, non-burning fertilizer perfect for vegetables, herbs, flowers and container plants, our All Purpose mix is also ideal for all types of transplants. Formulated with top quality organic ingredients and designed to deliver a steady supply of essential nutrients to your plants while enhancing soil fertility and microbial activity naturally. Our best selling fertilizer!

Ingredients: Fish Bone Meal, Blood Meal, Feather Meal, Alfalfa Meal, Rock Phosphate, Langbeinite, Greensand, Humates and Kelp Meal


Acid Mix 4-3-6

All Purpose Mix 4-6-2

Helpful Hints

Root bound means a plant’s roots have grown too large for the container and are no longer able to absorb the proper nutrients.

A nutrient rich fertilizer ideal for heavy feeders like corn, cole crops and tomatoes. Bio-Fish is loaded with the finest marine based ingredients to improve your soil while nourishing your outdoor plants. Bio-Fish is an excellent source of nitrogen and phosphorus, and can be used throughout the growing season to promote vigorous growth, beautiful blooms and plentiful fruit.

Ingredients: Fish Bone Meal, Fish Meal, Feather Meal, Sulfate of Potash, Alfalfa Meal, Humates and Kelp Meal

Apply 4-6 pounds per 100 square feet. Additional application rates included on package.

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Designed to nourish citrus trees in home orchards and containers. Citrus Mix is formulated with primary and secondary plant nutrients plus selected micronutrients that promote lush new growth, abundant green foliage, fragrant blossoms and bountiful fruit. It may also be used to feed other fruit trees, vines and ornamentals for equally enjoyable results.

Ingredients: Feather Meal, Fish Bone Meal, Alfalfa Meal, Greensand, Langbeinite, Basalt, Sulfate of Potash, Zinc Sulfate and Kelp Meal.

Apply 1 cup per 1" trunk diameter/1-2 tablespoons per gallon in containers. Additional application rates included on package.

A rich, organic fertilizer mix infused with a generous amount of beneficial bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi to stimulate rooting, vigor and optimal plant development. Bio-Live encourages rapid colonization of soil and soilless mixes with beneficial microorganisms, and may be combined with other Down To Earth fertilizers to further improve plant growth and yields.

Ingredients: Fish Bone Meal, Fish Meal, Alfalfa Meal, Crab Meal, Shrimp Meal, Langbeinite, Humates, Kelp Meal, Mycorrhizal Fungi and Beneficial Bacteria.


This is a special fertilizer blend that provides ample nitrogen for vigorous growth, extra phosphorous for beautiful blooms and potassium and trace elements for healthy plant stock. Down To Earth Rose & Flower Mix supplies your favorite bulbs, annuals and perennials with the nutrients needed for a long, healthy season of sensational flowering. An especially outstanding blend for roses, blooming bulbs, onions and garlic, and it’s also a great all around fertilizer for any other flowering or fruiting plants.

Ingredients: Fish Bone Meal, Langbeinite, Blood Meal, Alfalfa Meal, Seabird Guano, Rock Phosphate, Humates and Kelp Meal


Bio-Live 5-4-2

Citrus Mix 6-3-3

Rose & Flower Mix 4-8-4

Bio-Fish 7-7-2

The perfect way to get your delicate young starts and new seedlings in the ground and ready to thrive. In addition to essential primary and secondary plant nutrients, we’ve added a diverse mix of beneficial soil microorganisms to ensure successful planting, expansive root development and vigorous early growth. Use Starter Mix throughout the growing season when transplanting, preparing soil mixes and for all types of container plants.

Ingredients: Alfalfa Meal, Fish Bone Meal, Langbeinite, Oyster Shell, Basalt, Feather Meal and Kelp Meal.

Apply 5 pounds per 100 square feet. Additional application rates included on package.

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CDFA Organic Input MaterialProducts registered and approved by the California Department of Food & Agriculture

(CDFA) that may be used in organic crop and food production and that comply with the requirements of the USDA National Organic Program (NOP) standards.

Organic Materials Review InstituteProducts included on the Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI) Products List. OMRI

independently reviews products and lists those that are suitable for use in organic crop production under the USDA National Organic Program (NOP) Rule.

Tree & Shrub is formulated for transplanting bare root and ball and burlap trees and shrubs, and container plants. Is has a generous amount of mycorrhizal Root Growth Enhancer blended in to promote extensive root development and to help protect against a variety of plant stresses including drought and other environmental extremes.

Ingredients: Fish Bone Meal, Corn Gluten Meal, Langbeinite, Greensand, AZOMITE, Humates, Kelp Meal and Mycorrhizal Fungi

Apply 1 pound per inch of trunk diameter to your prepared hole. Dust a liberal amount directly onto the root system to encourage mycorrhizal colonization. Arrange transplant in place, and backfill hole with soil. Additional application rates included on package.

This indispensable, all purpose fertilizer is blended specially for vegan gardeners. Vegan Mix is formulated with plant derived essential nutrients and natural mineral elements plus humic acids, and is free of any animal products or by-products. Its slow release formula is designed to continually nourish vegetables, flowers and herbs while stimulating and building soil health.

Ingredients: Organic Soybean Meal, Canola Meal, Alfalfa Meal, Rock Phosphate, Langbeinite, Greensand, Humates and Kelp Meal


Starter Mix 3-3-3

Tree & Shrub Mix 4-2-4

Vegan Mix 3-2-2

Product Key

Down To Earth Single Ingredient Fertilizers

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Alfalfa Meal is an excellent soil conditioner that is a rich source of trace elements and natural growth stimulants. Recommended for all flowering shrubs and especially roses, it accelerates growth and promotes larger, more plentiful blooms. It is also useful as a compost bio-activator due to its high organic matter content and good Carbon-to-Nitrogen ratio.


Alfalfa Meal 2.5-0.5-2.5

AZOMITE, the “A to Z of Minerals Including Trace Elements” is a mined natural volcanic mineral product that has been granulated for easy application. AZOMITE is proven to increase crop yield, quality and overall plant growth, making it an excellent way to re-mineralize depleted garden soils, composts or potting media.


AZOMITE™ Granulated Trace Minerals

AZOMITE, the “A to Z of Minerals Including Trace Elements” is a volcanic mineral supplement mined from an ancient deposit in Utah. SR Powder is a Slow-Release grade with particle sizes ranging from 4-200 mesh. It is ideal for blending with other fertilizers and amendments as an excellent way to re-mineralize depleted garden soils, composts or potting media. AZOMITE is proven to increase crop yield, quality and overall plant growth.


AZOMITE™ SR Trace Minerals

Helpful Hints

Top dressing is sprinkling powdered or granular fertilizer around a plant and gently scratching it into the top layer of soil.Side dressing is adding fertilizer alongside a row or plants, generally in a shallow trench.

Our steamed Bone Meal is a wonderful source of Phosphorus and Calcium for all flowering plants, trees and ornamentals. It is also recognized as the ideal organic fertilizer when planting bulbs to promote strong root development and enhance early season growth. Bone Meal is one of the indispensable soil amendments all organic gardeners should have on hand.


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The undisputed champion of organic fertilizers, Bat Guano is rich in readily available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Micronutrients and provides essential plant nutrition for vigorous vegetative growth and prolific fruit and flower development. Bat Guano is fast acting and highly effective mixed into potting media, applied as a side or top dress or steeped to make a potent guano tea or foliar spray.

Apply 1-2- pounds per 100 square feet/1-2 teaspoons per gallon container/1-2 tablespoons per gallon of water for liquid preparation. Additional application rates are included on package.

A high nitrogen source, our Blood Meal is guaranteed to promote rapid, green growth. A wonderful fertilizer for heavy feeders like corn, spinach, salad greens and garlic in the early spring, it also helps compost piles heat up and breakdown fast. Place some in mesh bags and hang from tree branches for an effective deer repellent in your garden.

Apply 2-3 pounds per 100 square feet/1 teaspoon per gallon container. Additional application rates included on package.

Bat Guano 9-3-1

Bat Guano 0-7-0

Blood Meal 12-0-0

Bone Meal 3-15-0

Bat Guano 0-7-0 is an excellent source of Phosphorus and Calcium that promotes exceptional flower and fruit development in all types of plants, trees and ornamentals while encouraging strong root growth and plant hardiness. It can be mixed into soils, applied as a side or top dress or prepared as a liquid for foliar sprays or hydroponics. Naturally mined from ancient fossilized deposits.

Apply 4-6 pounds per 100 square feet/2-4 tablespoons per gallon of water for liquid preparations. Additional application rates included on package.

Crab Meal is a superb source of organic nutrients for vegetable gardens and flower beds and is wonderful for building soil tilth. Crab Meal enhances beneficial soil microorganism populations due to its rich chitin content and also makes an incredible compost bio-activator.


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Feather Meal 12-0-0

Cottonseed Meal is an excellent all purpose fertilizer for plants that need a low pH such as flowering shrubs, berries and trees. A high quality plant source of Nitrogen, apply our Cottonseed Meal in early Spring to promote vegetative growth.


Cottonseed Meal 6-2-1

Crab Meal 4-3-0

Feather Meal is a great source of slow release Nitrogen that is perfect for heavy feeders like corn, cole crops and leafy green vegetables. Incorporate into your soil before Spring plantings for best results.

Apply 4-6 pounds per 100 square feet. Additional application rates on package.

Helpful Hints

Application Rates43,560 square feet = 1 acre2 ½ cups ≈ 1 lb; ½ cup ≈ 3.2 ounce; 2 ½ tablespoons ≈ 1 ounce

• Select a location in full or part sun.• Loosen soil to a depth of six inches or more.• Work in compost along with a high phosphorus fertilizer, such as Down To Earth’s Bone Meal, Fish

Bone Meal or Rose & Flower.• Plant bulbs according to directions on package with tip of bulb facing upward and blunt end facing

downward.• Plant bulbs of similar color and type together in a mass grouping, sometimes called sweeps, for a

more dramatic effect.• Plant bulbs according to height in a border with tallest plants at the rear.

Greensand is composed primarily of the blue-green mineral Glauconite, an iron potassium silicate, that naturally occurs in marine sedimentary deposits. Greensand has been recommended as a soil conditioner since the early 1700s due to its unique physical properties. Greensand is able to absorb up to one-third its weight in water to improve the moisture holding capacity of garden soils and potting mixes, and has traditionally been used to loose heavy clay soil. Greensand is highly recommended for vegetables, fruits, herbs, lawns, ornamentals, and all types of trees and shrubs.

Apply 5-10 pounds per 100 square feet. Additional application rates are included on package.

Fish Meal is an excellent source of Nitrogen and Phosphorus, and is recommended for vegetable gardens, flower beds and all types of outdoor plants, trees and shrubs. Fish Meal enhances soil microbial life, promotes vigorous root development and provides an early season boost for all of your plants.


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Fish Bone Meal is a marine based alternative to traditional steamed Bone Meal, offering more quickly available nutrients. It is wonderful for all flowering plants, trees and shrubs, and is a great source of Phosphorus and Calcium, as well as a small amount of Nitrogen. This is an ideal fertilizer for new garden beds, perennials and bulbs.

Apply 5-10 pounds per 100 square feet/1 tablespoon per gallon in containers. Additional application rates included on package.

Greensand

Tips on Planting Bulbs

Fish Bone Meal 3-16-0

Fish Meal 8-6-0

A highly concentrated source of humic acids ideal for use on fields, turf and vegetable gardens. Humic acids enhance nutrient uptake and stimulate soil microbial life. They are derived from the ancient remains of decomposed organic plant materials. Naturally occurring, unaltered oxidized lignite containing 70% total humic and fulvic acids, crushed, screened and graded to a particle size of 1-3 mm.


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Granular Humic Acids

Down to Earth Kelp meal is pure Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed from the clean, cold waters of the North Atlantic Ocean. Hand harvested, carefully dried and finely milled, our Kelp Meal is a rich natural source of Potash and is ideal for early Spring or Fall application.

Apply 1-2 pounds per 100 square feet/1 tablespoon per gallon in containers. Additional application rates included on package.

Kelp Meal 1-.01-2

Langbeinite is a unique and naturally occurring source of Potassium, Magnesium and Sulfur (KMS), that play many important roles in healthy plant function. Potassium is essential for high quality fruit, basic plant functions such as water regulation and structural components. Magnesium is required for the synthesis of chlorophyll, and Sulfur, like Potassium, is needed for enzyme activation and protein formation. This lovely pale pink mineral is the texture of coarse salt.


Langbeinite 0-0-22

Helpful Hints

A Drip Line is the outer edge to which a plant’s branches spread. This is where rainwater tends to naturally drip from the plant and where the root system is concentrated.

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Neem Seed Meal is produced during the extraction of oil from the seed of the Indian Neem tree (Azadiracta indica). It is an excellent way to strengthen root systems and balance nutrient levels in the soil. Neem Seed Meal can be mixed into soil or potting media, used as a top or side dress or steeped to make a potent foliar tea.


Oyster Shell flour is an all natural source of high quality Calcium that is ground into varying sizes to ensure both immediate and sustained release of this valuable nutrient. Calcium promotes strong root development, improves nutrient uptake and boosts plant immunity. Oyster shell optimizes soil tilth by improving the texture, aeration and water penetration of soils.


Oyster Shell

Neem Seed Meal 6-1-2

An organic nitrogen source derived from premium quality materials and processed into homogeneous 1/8" pellets for easy application. Pro-Organic 13-0-0 can be blended with other fertilizer ingredients or used as a stand alone fertility product to promote vigorous plant growth and increased crop yields. This is an ideal fertilizer for all heavy feeders. Incorporate it into soils pre-plant or top or side dress throughout the growing season.

Ingredients: Feather Meal, Meat Meal and Blood Meal.


Pro-Organic Nitro 13-0-0

A powerhouse source of organic nutrients for all types of plants, trees and ornamentals, Peruvian Seabird Guano dramatically improves all stages of plant development from planting to harvest. Pelletized for easy application and handling, Seabird Guano can be mixed into soils, applied as a side dress or steeped to make a highly effective guano tea or foliar spray.

Apply 1-2 pounds per 100 square feet/1 tablespoon per gallon of water for liquid preparations. Additional application rates included on package.

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Soybean Meal is an outstanding source of slow release Nitrogen for promoting vegetative growth and early plant development. Our Soybean Meal is derived from organically grown, GMO-free soybeans that are mechanically processed to preserve the highest plant nutrient value.


Shrimp Meal is an excellent all purpose organic fertilizer derived from ground Pacific Northwest shrimp shells. It is rich in Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Calcium and Chitin, making it wonderful for all types of garden vegetables, flowers, herbs and ornamentals. The bright pink color indicates the care taken in processing and the product’s freshness. Shrimp Meal also acts as an exceptional compost bio-activator.


Organic Soybean Meal 7-1-2

Shrimp Meal 6-6-0

Seabird Guano 0-11-0

Seabird Guano 12-12-2

Use our high Phosphorus Seabird Guano to dramatically increase both the amount and size of blooms throughout the flowering period for all indoor and outdoor plants. Apply Seabird Guano mid-season to increase flower and fruit development and improve yield, quality and flavor while greatly enhancing the beneficial bacteria activity in the soil. Can be mixed into potting soils, applied as a side or top dress or steeped to make a highly effective guano tea or foliar spray.

Apply 2-4 pounds per 100 square feet/2-4 tablespoons per gallon of water for liquid preparations. Additional application rates included on package.

Down To Earth Liquid Fertilizers

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Designed to promote increased shoot, flower, fruit and root development in all types of plants. Ideal for use throughout the growing season in foliar and soil applied solutions. Liquid All Purpose 4-1-3 is an easy to use concentrated formula that provides the primary nutrients needed for vigorous growth, abundant fruits and a plentiful harvest. Fish smell disappears quickly because the fish base is water soluble not an oil emulsion.

Nutrients derived from: Fish Solubles, Kelp Extract, Potassium Sulfate and Citric Acid (for pH stabilization).

Application: Mix 2-4 tablespoons per gallon of water and apply with sprayer or watering can.

Liquid All Purpose 4-1-3

This easy to use concentrated liquid formula is designed to enhance bud, flower, fruit and root development in all types of plants, including flowers, fruits, herbs, ornamentals and vegetables by providing the primary and secondary nutrients needed for beautiful blooms while sustaining overall plant growth. Use Liquid Bloom throughout the growing season to support the natural progression of plant development for prolific flowers, flavorful fruits and a wonderful harvest.

Nutrients derived from: Bone Meal, Langbeinite, Fish Solubles, Kelp Extract, Molasses and Phosphoric Acid (for pH stabilization).

Application: Mix ½-¾ cup per gallon of water and apply to soil around base of plants

A readily available source of Phosphorus for promoting increased vegetable, flower, fruit and seed production. Easy to use and highly effective for stimulating root growth, plant maturity and improving flavor, quality and yield.

Application: Mix 2-8 tablespoons per gallon of water and apply with a sprayer or watering can. Additional application rates included on package.

Liquid Bloom 2-6-4

Liquid Bone Meal 0-12-0

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An all natural source of Potassium and Sulfur for enhancing plant development and productivity. These nutrients promote strong, sturdy plants and play key roles in a myriad of physiological processes vital for plant growth.


Liquid Kelp & Potash 0-0-8

Calcium is essential for regulation of nutrient uptake, formation and development of cell wall membranes and translocation of proteins and sugars throughout plant tissue. Calcium deficiency can result in poor root development, yellowing of new plant tissue and fruit and vegetable abnormalities (such as blossom end rot in tomatoes). Down To Earth Liquid Calcium is chelated with organic acids to enhance utilization and increase absorption by plants. Foliar additions of calcium ensure adequate reserves and can be used to correct or prevent deficiencies of this vital nutrient.


Liquid Calcium 5.0%

This is a combination of five essential plant micronutrients (2% Fe, 2% Zn, 2% Mn, 0.1% B, 0.1% Cu) plus an additional boost of Nitrogen and Potassium in an easy to use concentrate. Liquid MicroNutrient is scientifically formulated for correcting nutrient deficiencies in vegetable gardens, field crops, fruit trees, nuts and vines and turf grasses, and blended with unique organic compounds that allow the chelated nutrients to remain in plant available form until needed for uptake.


Liquid MicroNutrient 2-0-1

24

FulPlex Gold

KelPlex 0.5-0-17

FulPlex Gold is a concentrated source of pure golden fulvic acids made using a proprietary cold enzymatic extraction process. When used as part of a comprehensive fertility program, FulPlex Gold can help optimize plant growth, nutrient uptake, crop quality and yields. Use to increase effectiveness of foliar applied fertilizers, or in soil/soilless mixes, hydroponics, compost teas and more.

Application: Mix 1-2 tablespoons per gallon of water and apply with a sprayer or watering can.

Our KelpPlex is a professional grade, water soluble, dehydrated Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract that can be used in combination with other fertilizers and soil additives. This will stimulate root development, shoot growth and vegetative bud initiation, leading to optimal plant growth. KelpPlex can also improve fruit set, harvest quality and yields in all kinds of plants, and combat plant stress. Use throughout the growing season as a foliar or soil applied solution.

Application: Mix 1 tablespoon per gallon of water for foliar spray/2-4 tablespoons per gallon of water for soil application.

Helpful Hints

Foliar Feeding is a method of fertilizing that allows plants to absorb nutrients more quickly, rather than waiting for fertilizer to leach into the soil solution to be picked up by the roots. Foliar feeding provides results in hours instead of days.To begin foliar feeding, first mix up the foliar tea according to the package directions and place in a clean sprayer. Spray early in the morning. Start at the bottom of the plant and work toward the top, spraying the tops and undersides of the leaves until liquid begins to drip off.

This is the ultimate fertilizer for dramatically improving plant growth. Our Fish Powder is water soluble, rich in fast acting Nitrogen and effective in soil or foliar applications. This high quality, enzymatically hydrolyzed fish protein is carefully produced under controlled conditions to promote maximum nutrient availability and plant uptake. Combine with KelPlex, Humic Acids or other soluble fertilizers as needed.

Application: Mix 1-4 tablespoons per gallon of water and apply with a sprayer or watering can.

Fish Powder 12-1-1

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HumaPlex is a natural, easy-to-use Humic and Fulvic acid concentrate with a high bio-stimulation effect, activating soils and increasing nutrient availability. It is extracted from fossilized fresh water deposits of prehistoric plant materials using a revolutionary low heat drying process. HumPlex can be broadcast on gardens, fields and turf, or added to liquid for foliar, soil/soilless, hydroponic and irrigation applications.

Application: Mix 1/8 – ½ teaspoon per gallon of water and apply with a sprayer or watering can.

HumaPlex

AGmino 14-0-0

A professional grade, water soluble, nitrogen fertilizer derived from non-GMO vegetable proteins for supplementing plant nutrient requirements or correcting nitrogen deficiencies in all types of plants including vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs, vines and turf grass. Use in conjunction with other fertilizers as part of a comprehensive nutrient management program or as a stand alone source of plant available nitrogen.

Application: Mix ½-1 teaspoon per gallon of water and apply with a sprayer or watering can.

Down To Earth's Tips for Container Gardening

• Allow two gallons of container size for every foot of plant height (e.g. a two foot high plant will need a four gallon pot).

• Many plants grow quickly and may become root bound in a short time, so select a pot large enough for future growth.

• Down To Earth’s Potting Soil has adequate drainage; so, it is not necessary to add rocks or broken pottery pieces to the inside bottom of the containers.

• Keep the soil slightly moist. Water when needed, once or twice a week during the summer, and once a month during the winter. Do not over water.

• To regulate green growth and encourage more flowers, add a dry fertilizer to the soilless mix when planting, and a liquid or soluble fertilizer thereafter as needed.

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Lawn CareDown To Earth’s Pointers For Growing Healthy Grass• Grow grass in a sunny location with good drainage.

• Mow high (except bentgrass lawns) to prevent scalping, which causes grass to die back and allows weeds to grow. Also, slightly taller grass shades the soil surface, conserving water. Mowing regularly is the most important thing you can do for your lawn.

• Water deeply once a week with one inch of water. To measure the amount of water the grass receives, place a cup in the watering area and use the water collected as a visual reference.

• Use an organic fertilizer, such as Down To Earth’s Bio-Turf 8-3-5 or Corn Weed Blocker 9-1-0, twice in the spring and once in the early fall. Synthetic fertilizers kill beneficial bacteria and encourage thatch.

• Add calcium lime once a year and dolomite lime every 3 to 4 years to keep soil pH neutral in areas with naturally acidic soils. Remember, moss loves acidic soil, shade and poor drainage.

• Remove the matted mass of decaying clippings, excessive top growth and exposed roots, called thatch, on old lawns with a power rake or vertical mower.

• Aerate all lawns once or twice a year to allow air, water, fertilizer and roots to penetrate deeper in to the soil.

• After aerating, add fertilizer, spray with compost tea and top dress with half an inch of very fine compost.

Corn Weed Blocker is a pre-emergent weed suppressant that inhibits weed seeds from germinating in established lawns, vegetable gardens and flower beds while also acting as a slow release fertilizer due to its 9% Nitrogen content. Corn Weed Blocker is safe to use around new plants with existing root systems like transplants and grass sod, and unlike chemical herbicides, is also harmless to people, pets and ground water.

Apply 20 pounds per 1,000 square feet in the early Spring before broadleaf weeds emerge and again in late Summer. Water deeply after application and then allow soil to dry before watering again.

Corn Weed Blocker must be applied before weeds germinate.

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Bio-Turf is an entirely natural granular lawn fertilizer designed to provide a slow, steady release of nutrients and encourage deep root development to help reduce watering requirements. Bio-Turf’s Nitrogen rich formula boosts early season growth while its extra Potassium reduces seasonal stress due to temperature change and drought. Bio-Turf is also ideal for garden vegetables like corn, tomatoes and leafy greens.

Ingredients: Feather Meal, Fish Meal, Blood Meal, Meat Meal, Bone Meal and Langbeinite.

In Spring, apply 6-12 pounds per 1,000 square feet and water in well. For Summer and Fall applications, decrease amount to 5-10 pounds per 1,000 square feet. Three to four applications per year are recommended and results may be enhanced if applied following aeration. For new lawns, apply 12 pounds per 1,000 square feet and mix into top 2-4 inches of soil before seeding or sodding. Additional application rates included on package.

Bio-Turf 8-3-5

Corn Weed Blocker 9-1-0

• Synthetic fertilizers do not improve soil structure, and allow nutrients to leach through the soil before plants can absorb them.

• The leaching effect caused from overuse of synthetic fertilizers destroys the natural soil structure and eventually causes the soil to become compacted and lifeless.

• The salt content in synthetic fertilizers is toxic to beneficial soil microorganisms such as mycorrhizae.• Synthetic fertilizers can release ammonia gas that can inhibit seed germination and burn tender seedlings.• Synthetic fertilizers promote accelerated growth, making plants vulnerable to disease and insect pests.• Synthetic fertilizers promote the use of chemical pesticides and fungicides that can damage or destroy soil

microorganisms and persist for long periods.• Nitrogen in synthetic fertilizers is mostly quick release. The unused nitrogen leaches through soil,

contaminating groundwater including drinking water wells.

Down To Earth's Opinions About Synthetics

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Normally when plants are grown in fertile soil, fortified with compost and organic fertilizers, or fresh potting soil, they do not suffer from nutritional problems. However, disorders do arise when a plant variety has particular needs or when too little or too much fertilizer is used. A fertilizer overdose can be remedied by flushing with water. Plants with specific needs, like acidic soil or a particular nutrient deficiency, require the addition of fertilizer.

Too much nitrogen produces dark green foliage, few or no flowers or fruits and burnt leaf tips. Too little nitrogen produces light green to yellow leaves and slow growth, especially in the lower leaves of older plants.

An excess of phosphorous is rare, yet when it does occur symptoms are similar to an excess of nitrogen. A phosphorous deficiency is revealed by deep green, red or purple leaves, few blooms and fruits, yellowing bottom leaves and stunted growth.

Potassium toxicity will create nitrogen, phosphorous and trace mineral imbalances. Potassium deficiency

produces very tall plants with weak stems as well as leaf tips and edges turning yellow, then brown later.

Too much calcium and magnesium increase potassium problems, and can also inhibit reciprocal uptake of each other. Too little calcium will cause young leaf tips to die back, blossom end rot on tomato fruits, short roots,

stunted growth and rotten plant centers. Magnesium deficiencies show up in leaf tips turning brown and curling upwards in a hook shape.

Plants may also reveal problems when the soil pH is incorrect. Soil pH measures soil acidity or alkalinity on a scale of 1 to 14. Most plants prefer a neutral soil range of pH 6.5 to 7. However, acid lovers like blueberries enjoy a pH of 4.5-5.5. Soil pH regulates nutrient uptake in plants. An unbalanced pH will lock up vital nutrients in the soil even if they are in adequate supply. To raise the pH, add oyster shell, lime or liquid calcium. An abundance of organic matter in the soil will help plants accept a wider range of pH.

Protecting Your PlantsNutritional Problems

Ecological Pest Control

Simply growing plants in a healthy garden with soil empowered by compost and organic fertilizers and amendments greatly reduces attacks by pests and diseases. Growing plants selected for your locale, including cover crops and companion plants that repel or trap pests, growing flowers and flowering vegetables that attract and support beneficial insects and using sprays and powders made from natural materials provides further protection from problems.

The illustrations to the right represent the difference between a plant that has been inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi (far right) and one that has not (left).

Mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots co-exist in a symbiotic relationship encouraging each other to expand and become strong. Stronger roots mean happier plants that require less fuss from the gardener!

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Elements for Optimum Growth

There are 19 beneficial elements that contribute to healthy plant growth. Three of these essential elements, oxygen, hydrogen and carbon, are provided by air and water, while the rest are absorbed by plants through the soil.

• Boron (B) stimulates cell division, flower formation and pollination.

• Calcium (Ca) raises soil pH, promotes root hair formation and early growth.

• Chlorine (Cl) is needed for photosynthesis, stimulates root growth and aids water regulation.

• Cobalt (Co) improves growth, water regulation and photosynthesis.

• Copper (Cu) stimulates stem development and pigment formation.

• Iron (Fe) stimulates the formation of chlorophyll and helps oxidize sugar needed for energy. It is also necessary for legume nitrogen fixation.

• Magnesium (Mg) aids in chlorophyll formation and energy metabolism. It increases oil production in flax and soybeans, and helps regulate uptake of other elements.

• Molybdenum (Mo) is needed for nitrogen fixation and nitrogen use. It stimulates plant growth and vigor much like nitrogen.

• Nitrogen (N) is necessary for chlorophyll and genetic material (DNA & RNA) formation, and stimulates green, leafy growth.

• Phosphorous (P) is necessary for genetic material (DNA & RNA) formation, and stimulates fruit, flower, root production and early season growth, and increases disease resistance.

• Potassium (K) produces strong, sturdy plants with thick cell walls, increases disease resistance and stimulates fruit, seed and root production.

• Silicon (Si) increases seed quantity and strengthens cell walls.

• Sodium (Na) increases resistance to drought and sugar content (in some crops).

• Sulfur (S) aids in formation of certain oil compounds that create specific odors in some plants such as onions, garlic, mustard, etc. It increases oil production in flax and soybeans.

• Manganese (Mn) is necessary for the formation of chlorophyll.

• Zinc (Zn) stimulates stem growth and flower bud formation.

To Boost Your Plant’s Roots, Use Mycorrhizal Fungi

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