multi-storey c ~ t y hall into the medieval fabric of Murcia in 1998. And what is true of Moneo also applies to the careers o f many other Spanish architects who have been engaged over the past two decades in generating an exceptional spec- trum of c ~ v f c bu~ld~ngs, from the Usera Library, Madrid, by Abalos and Herreros, to Francisco Mangadok Baluarte Auditorium completed on a trapezoidal site In the centre of Pamplona, both works datlng from 2003. Among the more accom- plished CIVIC structures to be completed in Spain in recent years is a small public library in the Madrid suburb of Villanueva de la Canada, real- ized to the designs of Churtichaga and Ouadra- Salcedo in the same year. Here, the open book stacks have been treated as a spiralling street- space, the ramped floors and walls of which are built of reinforced brickwork by way of a homage to the work of Eladio Dieste.

The National Library of Quebec in Montreal, built to the deslgns of Patkau Architects In 2005 and clad in horizontal panels of green glass, 1s yet another instance of a public library being handled as a spiralling micro-urban volume. In this Instance reading rooms step up across the transverse section of a six-storey slab to afford a 'browsing promenade' that may be short-

412 Meier. City Hall, The Hague, 1995. View of galleria.

circuited at one's convenience by a centrat glazed elevator core connecting the maln levels.

An all but anachronistic sense of civitas on a herolc urban scale lsto be found In the work of the Berlin architects Axel Schwltes and Charlotte Frank, most notably in their winning Spreebogen competition entry of 1993. The scheme assumed the form of a temenos- a strip of federal bulldings to be known as the 'Band des Bundes' - initially projected as the administrative centre of a reunl- fied Germany four years after the fall of the Berlln Wall in 1989. The Wall had hitheno divided not only East and West Berlin, but also, on a global scale, the democratic West from the Communist East. The SchuFtes-Frank entry for this interna- tional competition wasthe onlyscheme to capture the urbanistlc and symbolic importance of the site, In terms both of the history of the previous half-century and of the way in which this void in the heart of the city had served repeatedly as the context for tragically contrasting conceptions of Germany's destiny. Examples range from Otto March's irnperialist~cally Neo-Classical Konigs- platz proposal of 1912, fo l low~ng the very same axis as the Schultes-Frank scheme, to Albert Speer's megalomaniacal Generalbauinspektion axis of 1935, runnlng north-south across the c~ty so as to cutthe Spreebogen slte in half and culmi- nate in the colossal Volkshalle of the Thlrd Reich (which was erlvisaged as ten times the sire of the Pantheon in Rome). In contrast, the Schultes- Frank ternenos was a syrnbolrc reinstatement of democracy and a categoric repudiation of both Speer's megalomaniacal axis and the totalitanan- ism af the Soviet empire.

Out of this proposal came the architects' German Chancellery, completed In 2001 as a partial realization of their original scheme, the full extent of whlch will not now be realized - a regrettable circumstance given the rspresenta- tional status of the building, remarkable not only for its vivacity but also for the lightness of ~ t s

Neo-Baroque manner, executed in concrete and palnted white. Defying convention, the architects chose to represent the German state through an allusion to the scale and deportment the Ali Qapu palace in isfahan. Bounded by five-storey minis- te r~a l offices to the north and south, this central pavrlion faces eastwards onto a cotrr d'honnstrr and westwards onto the Spree Rlver. Patently

Unlverslrat 296, Vlnetaplalz housing. Wedd~ng 296. 298: Volkshalfe proposal 384; Wcrthelm store 85

Berne. Siedlung tlalen 342. 375. 362 Bescos. R. 337 Bewlcy Heath, Red House 43.44.45,

2 5 6 Bezard, N. 182 Bleler, W. 374 Bllvoet. B 135, 136,373, 118 Rllbno, Guggcnh~~m Museum 346 356,357,363

6111, M. 257, 286. 301. 287 Blndcsball. G 193 Blng, S 98 B~rkenhead Park 23 81 rkens. G. 302 lB~rkenshaw 32 Rjorkhagen. St Mark's church 369 Blake. W 48, 74 Blomsted~, A. 374 Blondel. J.-F. l4-15, 17 Blossfeldt. K. 371 Bo Bardl, L. 351.387 Boberg, G.F. 193 Bocclonl, U. 8 ! S , 88 Bochum. Un~vers~ty 274 Bock. R. 59, 61, 62. 37 Bodlansky, V 302. 335 Boflll. R 3TC-11, 317, 315 Bogardus. J 33 Boqdanov (A Malinovskyl 168. 170 Boqota 345.351 Bolirgas, 0 316, 317, 337 Bonleau. L. 21 1. 212 Boloqna 295 Bon>l,ay 345 Bombay, New 328 Ronadu7 374 Bonatz. P 271,212,218 Bonell, E. 338, 357 Bonfanfl, E. 295 Bonn, Art Museum 385 Bonsiepe, G. 287 Borhs. Hestra estate 378, 405, 406 Bossclt. R. 79 Boston Bay 261 Borta, M. 323-4,334,335 Boull6e. E -L 14. 15, 18. 19,280, 289, 2 Bo~~lognc~sur-Setno. Ma~son Cook 157 Boulton. M. 32 Bourq-la-Reine 38 Bor~rdelle, A 107, BS Ro~rrgcors. V. 137 Bournv~lle 27. A 7 Braga, Stadlum 353. 375 Brandt. M. 128 Brasllla 183,243,25&7, 260, 257 Brcgenr. Art Museum 372,396 Bre~nes. S 239 Brescla, Revolutionary Tower 204 Brcslau, Exhlb~tlon (1913) 38; Home

and Work Exh~bition (19281 122; Jahrliundenhalle 2@ Petersdortf Store 100

Breuor, M 128, i d l , 189,238,250,258, ? 70

Brinkman. J A. 135,251,273, 11&17 Brlstol. Cllfton Suspens~on Bridge 30 Britannia Br~dge 31. 32. 15 Brno 251, Tugendhat House 164.

1656,233. 15P51

Broadacre City 167. 190-91.286. 179 Broadleys 49, 29 Broygl 202 Brown, Capabif~ty 23 Brown. FM. aa Brown. N. 342 Brown, S. 30 Brvckmann, P 111 Die Erucke 117 Bruder. W. 354 Bruyes 374 Brun~I, l K 30.31,32,34 Brurret. F 30 Brussels. Hotel Solvay 68: Hbtel Tassel

68, ds: Maason du Peuple 6%9.70.97. 49, Palm15 Stoclat 77, 81, 82-3. 62-3

Brhrralism. 22.1. 263: sce also Now Brutalism

Bryggman, E. 196.331 Bnch. J 300 Buchanan. P. 361-3.386 Bucklngham, J.S. 47 Buckmlnster Fulfer, R 368 Buenos Alrcs. Bank 01 Lnnrlon and

South America 319 Buffalo. Guaranry Bullding 55, 56. 35:

Lark~n Burldlng 60,61,62, 131, 163, 188. 189,245,299. d@ Martin House 60.61.188.38

Burldwas Brldge 29 Bi~rck. P 79 Rurckhalter and Sumi 372 Burke. E. 13 Burne-Jones, E 43. 44. 45 Burnet, J d 212 Burnhbm, D 23.85,- Burov, A 174 Bunon, D. 33 Butterf~eld. W. 74,77.267

Cabrero. F 335 Cadbury, C. 27,47 Calatcava. S 348 Calpe, Xanadu development 317 Cambrrclge, Church~ll College 267;

History Faculty Bu~ld~nq 268, 2s9: Selwyn Colleqe 266. 267. 266

Carnhridge (Mass.). Baker Dorm~tory, MIT 200: Harvard University 337, 341; Sackler Museum 309

Carnbr~ls, hotel school 336 Campione rl'ltalra 322. 333 Carnpo Baeza. A 339 Carnpo rle' F~orr 86 Canhsrra, Parltament Bullding 309 Cand~lrs. G 271, 275 Cap Martin. Roq ct Rob hous~ng 225,

266,215 Caracas 345; Ciudad Universitaria 320:

Museum of Modern Art 256 Carbondale 239 Carlonl, T 322-3 Carlyle, T. 42 Carr, J.T. 46 Canagena. Casa de Huespedes 35A Caner, P 263.266 Cartwrlght. E. 20 Casablanca 107 Castel Henriene 70 Castle Howard 13 Catsk~ll Mountmns, W.Y., Y-House 355,

378

Cattanwr, C 207,208.209, 199 Celle, Siedlung Georgsgarten 136, 137,

Siedlung Italien~scher Garten 136 Century Gulld 47-8 Cerda, 1 2 8 , 350. 10 Cernobb~o 209 Cerro Paranal 351 Ceruellatr, P.L. 295 Cessarl LA. de 30 Chadw~ck, E. 71 Chalk. W. 282 Chandigarh 183,228,22%30.256.

223-5: ~ l g h coun 01 382 Chandler 238 Chang. Y.H 355 Chareau, P. 373 Chaslln. F 375 Chatsworth 34 Chemerov, P. 335 Chemnitz 98 Cherchell 225 Chcrmayefl, S. 342 Chlanone. M 86 Ch~cago 21, 23, 267: Auditorium

Bu~ldlng 52, 54, 31, 33; Carson, P~rle. Scott store 56. Century of Progress Exposllion 11933) 220: Cliarnley House 54.57, Dooly Block 54. EL2 Polish factory 39. Fa~r Store 51, 32 Francisco Terrace 59; Gotry tomb 50. 57. 5% 34, Glessnei House 57. Heller House 59: Hull House Settlement 59: Husser House 59.117 campus 166. 232-7.266.228.232-3 Lako Shore Drwe apartments 233-4. 237. 229-3& Marshall Freld Wholesale Store 51, 54. McCorm~ck Place 306. Mtdway Gardens 62.63.186-7. 42, Monadnock Block 55: NatlonaI L~fe Insurance Bulldlng 186. 172 Robie Hor~se 62. 165, 186, d 1; Schiller Thearre 58: Schlesingor and Mayer store 56. Sears Tower 280: South Side 26: Unlwerslty 236, Wavnwrlght tombs 54,57,58, Walker Warehouse 54: Wendell Smlth Elcm~ntary School 306: World's Columblan Exposlt~on I18931 54, 56, 58

Ch~cago School 51-7.90 Ch~etl, Studeots' Hostel 209 Ch~lllda. E 337 Ch~pperfleld, 0. 329. 373 Ch~pprng Carnpden d8 Chiny, A 252 Chonsy. A. 19. 1056.108. 792. 7 Chorley Wood. 'The Orchard' 49 Chrrst~ansen, H. 79 Chrkto lJavacheWl289 Chrlstophe. P 38, 105 Churchlll. H. 239 Churtlchaga and Quadra-Salcedo 384 CfAM 73, 102, 122, 136. 138, 173, 230,

254,269-79.316 Cknclnnatl, Wnlon Slation 220 C~rlanl. H E 295, 333. 334. 335.38M2,

297,350,409, a09 CIRPAC 270 C~te lndustrrelle 10W704, 170. E M 2 0 t h Mondlala 178, 179, 224, 229 Cina Nuova 8 6 4 . 6 8 C~rek. F. 124 Clas$rcsI Ratlonahsm 1054