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UNECE
UN/CEFACT Framework of Standards for Paperless Trade:
Digital Documents, Single Window, Data Harmonization and Capacity Building
ESCWA Regional Workshop, Cairo, July2007
UNECE
The Migration to Paperless Trade
Trade documents and global trade
UNeDocs for paperless trade
Example: the ASEAN electronic CoO
Paperless Trade and Single Window
The Challenge: Regional Data Harmonization
The UN Toolkit: Tools and Capacity Building
UNECE
Goods can’t move faster than the information that controls them
Information is crucial for efficiency and security of the SC
Trade documents are the core means of exchanging this information
The Role of Trade Documents in international Supply Chains
UNECE
Some figures:
UN/CEFACT: export process average: 27 Parties involved, 40+ documents, 300+ copies to manage export processes
UNCTAD: 5 Bio Trade and Transport documents are issued annually
IATA: 20 to 30 documents accompany “Master Airway Bill”
The paper avalanche
UNECE
A. Documents Preparation
B. Inland transportation and handling
C. Customs clearance and technical control
D. Ports and terminal handling61
41
61
113
India (days)Germany (days)
Cos
ts -
US
$India
$340
$404
$45
Total duration: 27 daysTotal cost: $864
900 –
750 –
600 –
450 –
300 –
150 –
0 –
$75
A B C D
- - - -
Costs to Export: India / Germany
Source: World Bank; Doing Business (http://www.doingbusiness.org)
Cos
ts -
US
$
Germany
$63
$443
$31
$194
Total duration: 6 daysTotal cost: $731
A B C D- - - -
900 –
750 –
600 –
450 –
300 –
150 –
0 –
UNECE
Trade Documents Document Standards 3300 BC
UNECE
United Nations Layout Key for Trade Documents
UNECE
Four Pillars:
Uniform presentation of information: United Nations Layout Key for Trade Documents (UNLK)
Code lists for core information: UN Recommendations for codes (UNECE and ISO)
Common definition of trade terms (Semantic): UN Trade Data Element Directory, (UNTDED, ISO 7372)
Adaptation and implementation: by country and/or industry sector
Trade Documents International Trade Document (Data) Standards
UNECE
Codes for Trade InformationRec 19:
Mode of TransportRec 16:
UN/Locode Rec 3: ISO Country Code
Rec 17:Payment Terms
Rec 9:Currency Code
Rec 20: Units of Measurement
Rec 28:Means of Transport
Commodity Code
Rec 21:Package Codes
UNECE
Paperless Trade…
Why?
Goods are moving faster than information SC are more complexCompetition/CostsTechnology is thereTransparency, simplification of proceduresDigital data is basis for automationSC Security is based on analysis of information
UNECE
Moving from today’s paper documents Information exchange in global trade is based on paper documentsTrade processes and practice are based on paper documents
To electronic documents:NeedNeed the ethe equivalentquivalent of a paper document in electronic formatof a paper document in electronic format
BuildBuild on on existingexisting standards and standards and intint’’ agreementsagreements
ComplementComplement the the paper standards paper standards withwith electronicelectronic standard standard componentscomponents
Documents Documents withwith ffallbackallback optionoption to paper to paper
United Nations United Nations electronicelectronic Trade DocumentsTrade Documents
Digital Digital PaperPaper for Tradefor Trade
UNeDocsThe "digital Paper" challenge…
UNECE
Importer
Advance copy by email
Shipping Line
UN/EDIFACT
Document in PDF
Exporter
Bank
Paper Printout
Customs
XML
One single electronic document adaptingto different information processing concepts
UNeDocs
UNECE
Relation to GATT VIII (fees & formalities)
..decreasing and simplifying import and export documentation requirements (Toolkit)
..minimizing complexity of import and export regulations(Forms Repository)
Relation to GATT X (Publication of Trade Regulations)
..as far as possible, prompt and adequate publicity should be given to change in laws and regulations affecting foreign trade (Forms Repository)
GATT and the UN Toolkit and Forms Repository
UNECE
UNECE
UNECE
Process Flow For Exchange of CEPT
Form D
TH NSWPH NSW
ebMS Gateway ebMS GatewayBureau OfCustoms
Philippines Thailand
Export Thailand – Import Philippines
Receive ApprovedCEPT Form D
details
Send ApprovedCEPT Form D
details
Dept Of Foreign Trade,Ministry of Commerce
Parties involved:Sending : Depart of Foreign Trade, Min of Commerce, ThailandReceiving : Bureau of Customs, Phlippines
UNECE
UN/CEFACT Single Window
Rec. 33
Calls on Governments to establish a Single Window with the following features:Allow traders to lodge standardized information and documents with a single entry point to fulfil all import, export, and transit-related regulatory requirements
If information is electronic then it need only be submitted once
Allow for the sharing of information amongst government agencies in respect of international trade transactions
UNECE
Recommendation 33 (continued):
Provide coordinated controls and inspections of the various governmental authorities.
Allow payment of duties and other charges
Be a source of trade related government information
UNECE Repository with Case Studies of Single Window Implementations
http://www.unece.org/cefact/single_window/welcome.htm
UNECE
UNECE
UNECE
Single Window? Yes, how many do you want?
~ 6000 governmental agencies have their requirements
UNECE
The ASEAN CoO: Applying UN/CEFACT Draft Recommendation 34:
1. Alignment of ASEAN CEPT Form D to UN Layout Key
2. Definition of national data requirement and mapping to global semantic standard (UN/TDED)
3. Mapping of ASEAN CEPT Form D to the UNeDocs Data Model
4. Generation of UNeDocs XML Structure for the ASEAN CEPT Form D
5. Development of an UNeDocs Interactive PDF Document using the UN Toolkit (optional step)
UNECE
National D
ocuments and D
R
Using a Data Model for Cross Border Data Exchange
Country A
Reference C
ross Border D
M
Regional Agreement
Regional
UN
Trade Data D
irectory
TDED UNeDocs/WCO DM
Country B
National D
ocuments and D
R
UN
Trade Data D
irectory
TDED
UN Draft Recommendation 34
UNECE
Relation to GATT VIII (fees & formalities)
..decreasing and simplifying import and export documentation requirements (Toolkit)
..minimizing complexity of import and export regulations(Forms Repository)
Relation to GATT X (Publication of Trade Regulations)
..as far as possible, prompt and adequate publicity should be given to change in laws and regulations affecting foreign trade (Forms Repository)
GATT and the UN Toolkit and Forms Repository
UNECE
UN Toolkit and Forms Repository
What?
A tool to help countries to align their trade documents to international standards and to make documents and administrative regulations available on the Internet to meet requirements of GATT V, VIII and X
Who?
Cooperation of five UN Regional Commissions financed under the Development Account
UNECE
unece.unog.ch/etrade/
UNECE
UNECE
Trade documents are a key instrument to increase efficiency of international trade
International standards provide the basis for simplification and automation; they are of particular interest of Developing Countries
A new framework of standards and tools for electronic documents and single window becomes now available
Summary
UNECE
Theses standards can be a tool for the regional and global integration of trade.
The implementation of these standards requires a transfer of know how and tools into the regions
Capacity centers for document and data harmonization could provide support on demand
Summary (cont.
