fragmenta mineralogic et palaeontologica...

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FRAGMENTA MINERALOGICA ET PALAEONTOLOGICA 14. BUDAPEST, 1989 p. 101-110 Prodeinotherium petenyii sp. n. from the Lower Miocene at Putnok (North Hungary) By I. VÖRÖS (Received November 22, 1988) Abstract: A description oi Prodeinotherium petenyii sp.n, (Mammalia, Deino- theriidae) from the Lower Miocene sediments of the Putnok Coal Mine is given. Comparisons show that P. petenyii is one of the earliest form of the Deinotheres line. The underlying clay beds of the coal seams of Salgótarján- and Borsod Basins i n N o r t h Hungary frequently yield Prodeinotherium remains (ÉHIK 1930, NOSZKY 1930, KRETZOI 1954, KORDOS 1985). From palaeontological point of view, the Prodeinotherium remains found recently at Putnok have a great importance, not only because besides the already de- stroyed holotype of the Prodeinotherium genus (a pair of mandibles from the Kotyháza coal mine in Salgótarján Basin, ÉHIK 19 30) the Putnok find represents the most complete pair of mandibles, but also because it has the most archaic form of the teeth and the curve of the symphysis mandibulae known so far. (That is, the small inferior tusks still point rather slightly forwards-downwards and they are not strongly downcurved, recurved in this speci- men.) Prodeinotherium petenyii sp. n. Materials : corpus mandibulae sin and dext. with tusks and P3_4-Mj_2- The Pg sin. is fragmentary, the protolophid of the P 4 is broken off (Plate I, II). Some very fragmentary limb bones. Holotype: corpus mandibulae dext. withP 3 -M 2 (Plate I , 1-3). V. 88. 5, in the Pale- ontological Department of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. Paratype: tusk fragment from Királd (Zsigmond main shaft! in West Borsod Brown- coal Basin (ÉHIK 1930, KRETZOI 1954). Derivatio no m i n i s : named after J. S. PETÉNYI (1799-1855) paleontologist of the Hungarian National Museum, who described the corpus mandibulae sin. with P 4 f r . - M 2 o f a s m a l l species of Deinotherium from Boda (Bars, later Nyitra County, Slovakia) as "Dino- therium n.sp. " in Inventory book in 1851. The small species, which called "Dinotherium ' n. sp. " by J. S. PETÉNYI, differed from the large Deinotherium. Locus typicus: Putnok coal mine (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, North Hungary), Browncoal West Borsod Basin; 3rd level horizontal cut longwall face - H-1 longwall face. Footwall of the lower 3rd coal seam; 20 cm below the coal seam in "grey clay". Stratum typicum: Early Lower Miocene; Zagyvapálfalva Formation, MN zone 3. Eggenburgian. Deinotheres evolution level: earliest Prodeinotherium phase. Collector: A. FARKAS master miner, at 15. 05. 1987, 4.00 a.m. Diagnosis: the new species is smaller thant he P^cuvieri-hungaricum forms. The

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Page 1: FRAGMENTA MINERALOGIC ET PALAEONTOLOGICA Apublication.nhmus.hu/pdf/fragpal/Fragm_min_pal_1989_Vol_14_101.… · FRAGMENTA MINERALOGIC ET PALAEONTOLOGICA A . 14. BUDAPEST 1989. p 101-110

FRAGMENTA MINERALOGICA ET PALAEONTOLOGICA 14. B U D A P E S T , 1989 p. 101-110

Prodeinotherium petenyii sp. n. from the Lower Miocene at Putnok (North Hungary)

B y

I . VÖRÖS (Received November 22, 1988)

A b s t r a c t : A d e s c r i p t i o n oi P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m p e t e n y i i s p . n , ( M a m m a l i a , D e i n o -t h e r i i d a e ) f r o m the L o w e r M i o c e n e s e d i m e n t s o f t he P u t n o k C o a l M i n e i s g i v e n . C o m p a r i s o n s s h o w t h a t P . p e t e n y i i i s one o f the e a r l i e s t f o r m o f t he D e i n o t h e r e s l i n e .

T h e u n d e r l y i n g c l a y beds o f the c o a l s e a m s of Salgótar ján- and B o r s o d B a s i n s i n N o r t h H u n g a r y f r e q u e n t l y y i e l d P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m r e m a i n s (ÉHIK 1930 , N O S Z K Y 1930, K R E T Z O I 1954, K O R D O S 1985) . F r o m p a l a e o n t o l o g i c a l p o i n t o f v i e w , t he P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m r e m a i n s found r e c e n t l y at P u t n o k have a g r e a t i m p o r t a n c e , n o t o n l y b e c a u s e b e s i d e s the a l r e a d y de ­s t r o y e d h o l o t y p e o f t he P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m genus (a p a i r o f m a n d i b l e s f r o m the Kotyháza c o a l m i n e i n Salgótarján B a s i n , ÉHIK 19 30) the P u t n o k f i n d r e p r e s e n t s the m o s t c o m p l e t e p a i r o f m a n d i b l e s , bu t a l s o b e c a u s e i t has the m o s t a r c h a i c f o r m of the t e e t h and the c u r v e o f t he s y m p h y s i s m a n d i b u l a e k n o w n so f a r . ( T h a t i s , t he s m a l l i n f e r i o r t u s k s s t i l l p o i n t r a t h e r s l i g h t l y f o r w a r d s - d o w n w a r d s and t h e y a r e no t s t r o n g l y d o w n c u r v e d , r e c u r v e d i n t h i s s p e c i ­m e n . )

P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m p e t e n y i i s p . n .

M a t e r i a l s : c o r p u s m a n d i b u l a e s i n and d e x t . w i t h t u s k s and P 3 _ 4 - M j _ 2 - T h e Pg s i n . i s f r a g m e n t a r y , t he p r o t o l o p h i d o f t he P 4 i s b r o k e n o f f ( P l a t e I , I I ) . Some v e r y f r a g m e n t a r y l i m b b o n e s .

H o l o t y p e : c o r p u s m a n d i b u l a e d e x t . w i t h P 3 - M 2 ( P l a t e I , 1-3) . V . 88. 5, i n the P a l e -o n t o l o g i c a l D e p a r t m e n t o f t h e H u n g a r i a n N a t u r a l H i s t o r y M u s e u m .

P a r a t y p e : t u s k f r a g m e n t f r o m K i r á l d ( Z s i g m o n d m a i n sha f t ! i n W e s t B o r s o d B r o w n -c o a l B a s i n (ÉHIK 1930, K R E T Z O I 1954) .

D e r i v a t i o n o m i n i s : n a m e d a f t e r J . S. P E T É N Y I ( 1 7 9 9 - 1 8 5 5 ) p a l e o n t o l o g i s t o f t he H u n g a r i a n N a t i o n a l M u s e u m , w h o d e s c r i b e d t he c o r p u s m a n d i b u l a e s i n . w i t h P 4 f r . - M 2 o f a s m a l l s p e c i e s o f D e i n o t h e r i u m f r o m B o d a ( B a r s , l a t e r N y i t r a C o u n t y , S l o v a k i a ) as " D i n o -t h e r i u m n . s p . " i n I n v e n t o r y book i n 1 8 5 1 . T h e s m a l l s p e c i e s , w h i c h c a l l e d " D i n o t h e r i u m ' n . s p . " b y J . S. P E T É N Y I , d i f f e r e d f r o m the l a r g e D e i n o t h e r i u m .

L o c u s t y p i c u s : P u t n o k c o a l m i n e ( B o r s o d - A b a ú j - Z e m p l é n C o u n t y , N o r t h H u n g a r y ) , B r o w n c o a l W e s t B o r s o d B a s i n ; 3 r d l e v e l h o r i z o n t a l c u t l o n g w a l l face - H - 1 l o n g w a l l f a c e . F o o t w a l l o f the l o w e r 3 r d c o a l s e a m ; 20 c m b e l o w the c o a l s e a m i n " g r e y c l a y " .

S t r a t u m t y p i c u m : E a r l y L o w e r M i o c e n e ; Zagyvapá l f a lva F o r m a t i o n , M N zone 3. E g g e n b u r g i a n .

D e i n o t h e r e s e v o l u t i o n l e v e l : e a r l i e s t P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m phase . C o l l e c t o r : A . F A R K A S m a s t e r m i n e r , a t 15. 05 . 1987 , 4 . 0 0 a . m . D i a g n o s i s : t h e n e w s p e c i e s i s s m a l l e r t h a n t he P ^ c u v i e r i - h u n g a r i c u m f o r m s . T h e

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c o r p u s m a n d i b u l a e i s s l e n d e r and t h i n w i t h s m a l l t u s k s and t e e t h . T h e m a n d i b u l a r s y m p h y s i s t u r n s d o w n , does no t y e t bend b a c k w a r d . T h e d i m e n s i o n s o f m o l a r s c o m p a r i n g t o t h a t o f t he p r e m o l a r s a r e s m a l l e r . T h e l e n g t h o f M~i and M 2 a r e e q u i v a l e n t . T h e b r o a d t h o f e q u i ­v a l e n t to P 4 , o r s o m e w h a t l e s s ; t h e b r o a d t h o f M 2 i s s l i g h t l y w i d e r .

S. S Z A K Á L L ( m u s e o l o g i s t , H E R M A N O t t o M u s e u m , M i s k o l c ) v i s i t e d t he P u t n o k c o a l m i n e i n a u t u m n 1987, w h e n he r e c e i v e d a n d b r o u g h t the r e m a i n s f i r s t t o the H e r m a n O t t o M u s e u m , M i s k o l c , l a t e r t o the P a l e o n t o l o g i c a l D e p a r t m e n t o f t he H u n g a r i a n N a t u r a l H i s t o r y M u s e u m i n B u d a p e s t on 16. 12. 1987 .

D E S C R I P T I O N O F T H E P R O D E I N O T H E R I U M P E T E N Y I I

R E M A I N S

M a n d i b l e ( P l a t e I , I I )

B o t h c o r p o r a m a n d i b u l a e and the s y m p h y s i s w i t h the t u s k s w e r e f o u n d t o g e t h e r . T h e y a r e i n a h i g h l y f r a g m e n t a r y c o n d i t i o n because o f t h e m e c h a n i c a l h e w i n g . B e c a u s e o f t h e squeeze of s o i l , t he l e f t p a r t o f t he s y m p h y s i s t o g e t h e r w i t h the t u s k had s l i g h t l y ben t u p ­w a r d s , b e c a m e d i s t o r t e d ( P l a t e I ) . T h e r e f o r e , a f t e r t h e c o n s e r v a t i o n a n d r e c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k s had been c o m p l e t e d by J . L Ö R I N C Z , n o p e r m a n e n t f i x i n g o f t he t w o a d j o i n i n g r a m i m a n d i b u l a e w a s m a d e because o f s t o r a g e c o n d i t i o n s .

R i g h t m a n d i b l e ( P l a t e I : 1-3)

T h e l e n g t h o f the f r a g m e n t i s 480 m m . T h e r a m u s m a n d i b u l a e has b r o k e n o f f , a b s e n t . T h e p o s t e r i o r w a l l o f c o r p u s i s i n t a c t , i t s a n t e r i o r p a r t i s f r a g m e n t e d . T h e r e a r e 3 f o r a m i n a m e n t a l i a on i t i n t he m i d d l e ( P l a t e I : 1). T h e d i s t a n c e b e t w e e n the p o s t , and m e d i a l f o r . m e n -t a l i a i s 55 m m . T h e l e n g t h o f the p a r s s y m p h y s i s m e d i a l s a g i t t . i s 190 m m , i t s l a r g e s t (ou t ­e r ) b r e a d t h i s 105 m m . T h e l i n g u a - c h a n n e l l o n g i t u d i n a l l y i s s l i g h t l y c o n v e x . O n e a c h s i d e o f t h e l i n g u a l s u r f a c e o f t he s y m p h y s i s , f r o m the a l v e o l i o f t h e t u s k s t i l l the a n t e r i o r a r c u s a l ­v e o l i o f the P g a h i g h l a b i u m w i t h b r o a d base r u n s . ( P l a t e I : 1 , 2 ) .

T h e d i s t a n c e b e t w e e n the l a b i u m s ( r i b s ) i s 50 m m . T h e l e n g t h o f the r i g h t s i d e d i a ­s t e m a i s 215 m m . I n the l o w e r , f r a g m e n t a r y s u r f a c e o f the s y m p h y s i s c a r b o n a c e o u s c l a y i s f o u n d .

L e f t m a n d i b l e ( P l a t e I I : 1-3)

T h e l e n g t h o f the f r a g m e n t i s 560 m m . T h e h e i g h t o f the r a m u s m a n d i b u l a e p a r t i s 240 m m . T h e o u t e r w a l l o f the c o l l u m m a n d i b u l a e i s i n t a c t , i n the m i d d l e o f i t t h e r e a r e 3 f o r . m e n t a l i a ( P l a t e I I : 1 ) . T h e d i s t a n c e b e t w e e n the p o s t , and m e d i a l f o r . m e n t a l i a i s 37 m m .

T a b l e 1 . M e a u s r e m e n t s o f t he P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m m a n d i b l e s

( in m m )

Si te P u t n 0 k K 0 t y h á z a

Side l e f t r i g h t l e f t r i g h t

H B r H B r I I B r H B r

I n f r o n t o f P 100 70 103 70 - - _

B e h i n d P 3 - 74 104 71 147 70 144 70 B e h i n d P 4 9 3 74 9 8 77 134 81 123 83 B e h i n d M i 85 84 87 8 3 117 90 113 94 B e h i n d M 2 84 96 84 9 3 100 107 106 103 B e h i n d M 3 7 6 - - - 98 114 100 112

H= h e i g h t o f c o r p u s m a n d i b u l a e ; B r = b r e a d t h o f c o r p u s m a n d i b u l a e .

O n the m a n d i b l e i t c a n be d e t e r m i n a b l e i n g e n e r a l , t h a t the c o r p o r a m a n d i b u l a e a r e s m a l l and t h i n ; t he h e i g h t o f the c o r p u s m a n d i b u l a e f r o m M o t o the f r o n t a l m a r g i n o f P 3 o r a ^ l y g r a d u a l l y i n c r e a s i n g ; w h i l e i t s b r e a d t h ( t h i c k n e s s ) g r a d u a l l y d e c r e a s i n g ( T a b l e 1 ) .

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O n the m i d d l e o f t he o u t e r w a l l o f the c o l l u m m a n d i b u l a e t h e r e a r e 3 f o r a m i n a m e n t a -l i e s : the p o s t e r i o r f o r . m e n t a l e b e t w e e n the P 3 / 4 ; the m e d i a l f o r . m e n t a l e l i e s b e f o r e t he P g ; the a n t e r i o r f o r . m e n t a l e i s 28 m m f r o m the p r e v i o u s one . T h e t w o l a t t e r f o r . m e n t a l e s a r e a l r e a d y p a r t o f t he s y m p h y s i s ( P l a t e I : 1 ; I I : 1) .

T h e c r o s s s e c t i o n o f t he c o r p u s at the P g - M . s e c t i o n i s s l i g h t l y w i d e r , o v a l a b o v e . A b o r a l l y , b a c k w a r d s f r o m the s e p t u m of the M j / 2 t he _basis m ^ n d i b u l a e _ l a t e r a l l y b e c o m e s n a r r o w e r and at t h e a n g . m a n d i b u l a e i t f o r m s a 45 m m h i g h c r e s t ( P l a t e I I : 3 ) . T h e l o w e r c r e s t t h i c k n e s s o f the b a s i s m a n d i b u l a e b e l o w My2 i s 65 m m . T h e g r e a t e s t b r e a d t h ( w i d t h ) o f the c o r p u s m a n d i b u l a e at the s a m e p l a c e i s 84 m m ( T a b l e 1 ) , w h i l e the b r e a d t h o f the a n -g u l u s m a n d i b u l a e i s o n l y 20 m m . T h e u p p e r w i d e p a r s a l v e o l a r i s o f the c o r p u s i s a b o r a l l y , g r a d u a l l y t h i c k e n i n g ( w i d e n i n g ) ; i n t o i t s i n n e r p a r t t h e a l v e o l i o f M 2 and M g d e e p e n . T h e i n ­t e r a l v e o l a r s e p t a b e t w e e n the t e e t h a r e t h i c k .

T h e s y m p h y s i s and the t u s k s o f t h e m a n d i b l e - d i s s i m i l a r l y t o the o t h e r D e i n o t h e r e s k n o w n so f a r - a r e n o t d o w n - r e c u r v e d but p o i n t r a t h e r s l i g h t l y f o r w a r d s - d o w n w a r d s ( P l a t e I , I I ) . T h e d e f l e c t i o n o f t he s y m p h y s i s i n the P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m m a n d i b l e s f r o m P u t n o k i s 20-2 5°.

T u s k s ( P l a t e I)

T h e t u s k s a r e s m a l l and s h o r t . T h e y a r e s l i g h t l y c u r v e d d o w n w a r d s a l o n g t h e i r l o n g i ­t u d i n a l a x i s . T h e t u s k s p o i n t f o r w a r d s - d o w n w a r d s a n d a r e d i v e r g e n t . T h e c r o s s - s e c t i o n o f the t u s k s i s r o u n d e d - o v a l ( F i g . 1. A.) 'The w h o l e l e n g t h o f the l e f t s i d e t u s k i s 230 m m ; i t s t i p

h a d b e e n w o r n o f f t o be p o i n t e d i n the l a t . -m e d . s i d e ( P l a t e I ) . T h e p a r t o f the r i g h t s i d e t u s k t h a t s t i c k s out f r o m the a l v e o l u s i s 75 m m l o n g . O n i t s t i p o n l y i t s u p p e r / f o r e p a r t s i d e i s w o r n o f f . T h e l e n g t h o f the w o r n i n g s u r f a c e i s 48 m m . T h e d i a m e t e r o f t he t u s k m e a s u r e d a t the a l v e o l u s : v e r t i c a l ­l y 38 , h o r i z o n t a l l y 31 m m . T h e g r e a t e s t d i a m e t e r o f t he l e f t s i d e t u s k ; v e r t i c a l l y 40 , h o r i z o n t a l l y 33 m m .

A B F i g . 1

C r o s s s e c t i o n o f t h e t u s k o f P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m A . P. p e t e n y i i t u s k f r o m P u t n o k . 1:1 B . P. h u n g a r i c u m t u s k f r o m Kotyháza

( A f t e r É H I K 19 30 , F i g . 1 , 1 : 1 / 2 )

T o o t h - r o w ( P l a t e I I I , I V , V )

T h e t e e t h - r o w i s n e a r l y c o m p l e t e . T h e l e f t s i d e P g a n d P 4 a r e f r a g m e n t a r y . T h e M g i s m i s s i n g f r o m b o t h a l v e o l i , i t i s l o s t . T h e deep and b i g a l v e o l u s o f the M 3 i n d i c a t e s , t h a t t he c r o w n o f the t o o t h w a s a l r e a d y s p r i n g i n t o l i n e ; i t w a s n o t e m b r y o n i c . T h e P g - M g a l v . l e n g t h o f the l e f t s i d e t e e t h - r o w i s 26 5 m m . T h e a l v . l e n g t h o f the P 3 _ 4 t e e t h r o w i s 80 m m ; t he a l v . l e n g t h o f t he M 1 - 3 t e e t h r o w i s 185 m m . T h e P g - M g a l v . l e n g t h o f t he r i g h t s i d e t e e t h r o w i s 2 58 m m ; t h a t o f t he P 3 . 4 t e e t h r o w i s 73 m m ; the a l v . l e n g t h o f the M ^ _ 3 t e e t h r o w i s 182 m m .

T e e t h ( P l a t e I I I , I V , V )

T h e t e e t h a r e b r a c h y o d o n t w i t h s t r o n g , l o n g r o o t s . T h e r o o t o f the M 2 i s t w i c e as l o n g (62 m m ) as the h e i g h t o f the c r o w n (30 m m \ T h e t e e t h a r e g e n e r a l l y u n w o r n ; o n l y t he 3 r d l o p h i d o f the r i g h t s i d e M j i s w o r n a l l a l o n g . T h e l a t e r a l t i p s o f the 2 n d l o p h i d s on b o t h s i d e s M j - s a r e s t i l l t r i a n g u l a r .

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P ^ d e x t .

T h e P 3 i s b i l o p h i d . T h e p r o t o l o p h i d i s n a r r o w e r , i t i s d i v i d e d i n t o t w o c u s p s ; the p r o -t o c o n i d i s s t r o n g , h i g h (36 m m ) ; the m e t a c o n i d i s w e l l d i s t i n g u i s h a b l e and m o r e d i s t i n c t l y , d e v e l o p e d ( P l a t e V ) . T h e P g m e t a l o p h i d i s w i d e , i t i s a l s o d i v i d e d i n t o t w o c u s p s ; the h y p o -c o n i d i s l o w , c r e s t - l i k e ; i n t h e i n n e r s i d e o f t h e t o o t h , a s e p a r a t e s m a l l c u s p i s t h e e n t o c o n i d . B e t w e e n the h y p o c o n i d a n d t h e e n t o c o n i d t h e r e i s a s m a l l c r e s t . T h e h y p o c o n u l i d (?) has no t d e v e l o p e d y e t . T h e p o s t e r i o r c i n g u l u m i s s m a l l .

P 4 d e x t .

T h e P 4 i s b i l o p h i d . T h e t o o t h i s w i d e s t a t the a n t e r i o r f o o t o f the m e t a l o p h i d . I n the an-t e r i o r - o u t e r s i d e o f the p r o t o l o p h i d a s m a l l c r e s t r u n s f r o m the p r o t o c o n i d t o the a n t e r i o r c i n g u l u m ( P l a t e V ) . T h e b r e a d t h o f the p o s t e r i o r c i n g u l u m i s 12 (dex t . ) and 19 m m ( l e f t ) .

s i n . a n d d e x t .

T h e i s t r i l o p h i d . S m a l l , h a v i n g a l o w c r o w n . I t i s w i d e s t a t the m e t a l o p h i d . T h e t o o t h i s c o n s p i c u o u s l y n a r r o w (39 m m ) b o t h the P 4 (38 , 38 m m ) and the Mr, (45 , 45 m m ) a r e w i d e r ( P l a t e I I I , I V , V ) . T h e p o s t e r i o r c i n g u l u m i s s m a l l , i t s b r e a d t h i s 18, 19 m m .

T a b l e 2 L o w e r t e e t h d i m e n s i o n s o f P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m f r o m P u t n o k ( in m m )

a l v . c r o w n l o p h i d b r e a d t h t a l o n i d i n n e r l o p h i d h e i g h t l e n g t h l e n g t h 1s t 2nd 3 r d b r e a d t h 1st 2nd 3 r d

P g d e x t . 33. 0 36. 0 26. 0 29 . 0 - 36. 0 2 6 . 0 P 4 s i n . 37. 5 20 . 0 2 7 . 0

d e x t . 36. 5 46. 0 36. 0 39. 0 12. 0 2 9 . 0 2 6 . 0 s i n . 49. 0 57. 0 36. 6 38. 0 36. 0 19. 0 24 . 0 2 3 . 0 2 1 . 0 d e x t . 48. 5 57. 0 36. 0 3 8. 0 3 5. 5 18. 0 2 3. 0 2 5 . 0 2 3 . 0

M 2 s i n . 49 . 0 58. 0 45 . 0 45 . 0 3 1 . 5 30. 0 -d e x t . 48. 0 56. 0 45. 0 4 5 . 0 3 1 . 0 30. 0 2 9 . 5

M 2 s i n . a n d d e x t .

T h e M 2 i s b i l o p h i d . T h e c r o w n i s l a r g e . T h e l o p h i d s a r e n o t p a r a l l e l t o e a c h o t h e r , t h e y m e e t at an a n g l e . T h e r a d i a l c e n t r e i s on t he o u t e r ( l a b i a l ) s i d e o f tne t e e t h . T h e b r e a d t h of the t w o l o p h i d s i s i d e n t i c a l , 4 5 - 4 5 m m . T h e t a l o n i d i s l a r g e , c r e s t - l i k e , d e n s e l y r i b b e d . I t s b r e a d t h i s 3 1 , 3 1 . 5 m m . T h e d i m e n s i o n s o f the a l v e o l u s l e n g t h o f t he M g s i n . i s 7 1 m m ; a n t e r i o r w i d t h 43 m m .

T h e m e a s u r e m e n t s o f the m a n d i b l e s a r e i n T a b l e 1 , w h i l e T a b l e 2 c o n t a i n s the d i m e n ­s i o n s o f the t e e t h .

O T H E R P R O D E I N O T H E R I U M R E M A I N S I N H U N G A R Y

T h e e a r l i e s t A f r i c a n e m i g r a n t P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m s e e m s t o o c c u r f r o m the f o o t w a l l o f the l o w e r 3 r d c o a l s e a m o f t he B r o w n c o a l o f the W e s t B o r s o d B a s i n i n N o r t h H u n g a r y ( F i g . 2 ) . I t s g e o l o g i c a l age i s M N zone 3, E g g e n b u r g i a n ( R A D Ó C Z 1973L

T h e e v o l v e d P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m i s k n o w n f r o m the f o o t w a l l o f t he l o w e r 3 r d c o a l s e a m s of the B r o w n c o a l o f t he Salgótarján B a s i n (Kotyháza , E t e s , Salgótarján) and f r o m s o m e o t h e r s s i t e s ( B o d a , K i r á l d ) (Salgótar ján B r o w n c o a l F o r m a t i o n ) . T h e i r g e o l o g i c a l age i s M N zone 4 , O t t n a n g i a n ( K O R D O S 1 9 8 5 L

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S i t e s : 1 . , B O D A ( l o c a l i t y u n k n o w n , B a r s , l a t e r N y i t r a C o u n t y , S l o v a k i a , K R E T Z O I 1954) C o l l e c t e d by J . S. P E T É N Y I i n 1 8 5 1 , O l d I n v , N r . : 1 2 5 / 1 8 5 1 . 7 . , A . 105. R e m a i n s :

m a n d i b l e s i n . f r a g m . w i t h P 4 a b o r a l f r a g m . a n d M 2 . D e s t r o y e d . 2 . , K I R Á L D (Wes t B o r s o d B a s i n ) 2 / a . K i r à l d - Z s i g m o n d sha f t P r e s e n t e d by V . W I E S E R d i r e c t o r i n 1927 . O l d . I n v . N r . : 1927. I V . 0 7 . , M . 4 3 1 .

R e m a i n s : t u s k s f r a g m . , P 3 d e x t . , M 2 d e x t . (ÉHIK 19 3 0 ) , d e x t . f r a g m . D e s t r o y e d ( K R E T Z O I 1954) .

2 / b . K i r à l d - Csép te l ek , s p o i l - b a n k o f shaf t n a m e d A . P é c h . R e m a i n : t o o t h ( K O R D O S 1985) . p t h e r _ f o s s i L - a p a i r o f m a n d i b l e s o f C e r v i d a e i n d e t . ( K O R D O S 19851.

F i g . 2 . L o c a l i t i e s o f P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m r e m a i n s i n the C a r p a t h i a n B a s i n

1. B o d a ( l o c a l i t y u n k n o w n , S l o v a k i a ) ; 2 . K i r á l d : 2 / a . Z s i g m o n d sha f t , 2 / b C s é p t e l e k s p o i l -b a n k ; 3 . P u t n o k C o a l m i n e ; 4 . Kotyháza D i a g o n a l s h a f t ; 5. E t e s : 5 / a . A m á l i a s h a f t , 5 / b .

Sha le s p o i l - b a n k ; 6. Sa lgó ta r j án -MeszesaTja S a n d - p i t

3. , P U T N O K - C o a l m i n e (Wes t B o r s o d B a s i n ) O t h e r f o s s i l : f r o m the l o w e r 3 r d c o a l s e a m f o o t w a l l o f the G o m p h o t h e r i u m ( T r i l o p h o -

don) a n g u s t i d e n s ( C u v i e r , 1806) t u s k , t o o t h and r e m a i n s o f m a n d i b l e ( K O R D O S 1985) . 4 . , K O T Y H Á Z A - D i a g o n a l sha f t (Salgótarján B a s i n ) P r e s e n t e d by F . R O T H d i r e c t o r i n 1929. D e p o s i t e d a t the P a l a e o n t o l o g i c a l D e p a r t m e n t

o f the H u n g a r i a n N a t i o n a l M u s e u m ( N O S Z K Y 1929) . R e m a i n s : p a i r o f m a n d i b l e s w i t h P 4 , M i ( o n l y l e f t ) , M 2 and M g ; f r a g m e n t s o f t w o t u s k s ; 1st . v e r t , t h o r a c a l i s , s c a p u l a , h u m e r u s and r a d i u s f r a g m e n t s ; s i x bones o f the c a r p u s ( s c a p h o i d e u m ? , l u n a t u m , t r i q u e t r u m , t r a p e z o i -d e u m , m a g n u m and u n c i f o r m ) , f r a g m e n t s os f o u r m e t a c a r p a l s (1st o r 2 n d , 3 r d and 4 th and 5 th ) ( N O S Z K Y 1930) . T h e p a i r o f m a n d i b l e s w e r e the h o l o t y p e o f the P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m gen . n . and o f t he P . h u n g a r i c u m sp . n . A l l d e s t r o y e d .

A t 1. 5 m d i s t a n c e f r o m the É H I K ' s P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m r e m a i n s f u r t h e r f i n d s c a m e t o l i g h t i n d i a g o n a l sha f t i n 1929 : t w o t u s k s f r a g m . , P 3 , M 1 and M g ( S Z Á L A I 1929 , K R E T Z O I 1 9 5 4 ) .

O t h e r f o s s i l s : f r o m the f o o t w a l l o f the l o w e r 3 r d c o a l s e a m : " T e s t u d o F e j é r v á r y i " a n d " T r i o n y x s p . " (NO~SZKY 1930 , S Z Á L A I 1 9 3 0 ) .

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5., E T E S (Salgótarján B a s i n ) 5 / a . E t e s - A m á l i a s h a f t ( N O S Z K Y 1930) R e m a i n s : a f t e r K R E T Z O I (1954 ) : D 2 - 3 s i n . , 2 P 4 s i n . , P 3 s i n . , 3 M f r a g m s . , 2 P g d e x t . ,

2 P 4 s i n . , M j s i n . and d e x t . f r a g m . , M 2 d e x t . O t h e r f o s s i l : G o m p h o t h e r i u m ( T r i l o p h o d o n ) a n g u s t i d e n s ( C u v i e r , 1806) ( N O S Z K Y 1930) . 5 / b . E t e s ( sha le s p o i l - b a n k ) C o l l e c t e d by J . G Y U R K Ó i n 1930. R e m a i n : P 3 s i n . i n P D . H N H M . 0 t h e r f os s i I s j _ 5 / c . E t e s - A l b e r t s h a f t : G o m p h o t h e r i u m ( T r i l o p h o d o n ) a n g u s t i d e n s ( C u v i e r , 1806)

( N O S Z K Y , 1 9 3 0 ) . 5 / d . E t e s - Szánasi d i a g o n a l sha f t : T e s t u d o s p . , a n d T r i o n y x sp . ( N O S Z K Y 1 9 3 0 ) . 5 / e . E t e s ( u n k n o w n shafts : G o m p h o t h e r i u m ( T r i l o p h o d o n ) a n g u s t i d e n s f o r m a s u b t a p i r o i d e a .

( S C H L E S I N G E R 1922, N O S Z K Y 1 9 3 0 ) . 6. , S A L G Ó T A R J Á N - M E S Z E S A L J A S a n d - p i t (Salgótarján B a s i n ) Re_main^ f r o m the t h i c k c l a y b e t w e e n t h e s a n d - b e d s a m o l a r f r a g m . w a s c o l l e c t e d by

B . D O R N Y A Y i n 1929 ( N O S Z K Y 19 30) .

P R O D E I N O T H E R I U M G E N U S

T h e b i f i d p r o t o l o p h i d , a n d a w e l l s e p a r a t e d m e t a c o n i d a r e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s t r u c t u r e s of t he l o w e r P 3 o f the f o r m s b e l o n g i n g t o the g e n u s P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m o f s m a l l s i z e . T h e s t r u c ­t u r e o f t h e m e t a l o p h i d v a r i e s : b e t w e e n the h y p o c o n i d and t h e e n t o c o n i d t h e r e i s a l i t t l e c r e s t o r a h y p o c o n u l i d ( ? ) .

T h e l o w e r M ^ l e n g t h o f the e a r l y e v o l u t i o n f o r m of P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m i s s m a l l e r t h a n , o r n e a r l y i d e n t i c a l w i t h t h e l e n g t h d i m e n s i o n s o f M 2 ( T a b l e 3, F i g . 3) . I n the t e r m i n a l f o r m o f P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m , the P . b a v a r i c u m the M j i s a l r e a d y l o n g e r t h a n the M 2 . I n t he f o r m s of the l a r g e s i z e D e i n o t h e r i u m genus the Mj^ i s a l w a y s l o n g e r t h a n the M 2 . I t i s an a r c h a i c c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f the c r o w n s t r u c t u r e o f the t e e t h , t h a t a t t he a n t e r i o r l a t e r a l s l o p e s o f t h e t r a n s v e r s a l c r e s t s ( l o p h i d s ) t h e r e a r e c r e s c e n t o i d s , w h i c h at t h e m i d d l e p a r t o f t h e s l o p e r u n t o the t r a n s v e r s a l b o t t o m . T h e l e n g t h o f a l v e o l i as c o m p a r e d t o the c r o w n i s c a . 8 -10 m m s h o r t e r . I n the i n n e r s i d e o f t he m a n d i b l e , t h o s e p a r t s o f t h e r o o t s w h i c h a r e above t h e a l ­v e o l u s a r e h i g h l y p r o t r u d i n g ( P l a t e I I I : 1; I V : 1) .

T h e m a n d i b l e h e i g h t and b r e a d t h o f P . h u n g a r i c u m a r e 1 8 - 3 0 % b i g g e r t h a n t he s a m e v a l u e s on the P . p e t e n y i i ( T a b l e 1) , w h i c h i s b e y o n d s e x u a l d i m o r p h s i m ; w h i l e t he d i m e n ­s i o n s o f the t u s k s a r e n e a r l y t w i c e b i g g e r t h a n t h o s e o f P . p e t e n y i i ( F i g , 1. B . )

T u s k m e a s u r e m e n t s i n m m : v e r t i c . h o r i z o n t , d i a m e t . d i a m e t .

p e t e n y i i P u t n o k 40 33 K i r á l d (ÉHIK 1930) 48 36

( K R E T Z O I 1954) 4 2 - 5 4 3 4 - 4 6

P . h u n g a r i c u m

Kotyháza (ÉHIK 1930) 8 5 - 9 4 o v e r 60

T h e P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m g e n u s ' s a n t e r i o r l i m b i s j ^ e ^ t i p o d . I n t h e L o w e r M i o c e n e t e r r e s t r i c f aunas P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m has o n l y an i n f r e q u e n t o c c u r -

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T a b l e 3 L o w e r t e e t h d i m e n s i o n s o f P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m

( i n m m ) C r o w n C r o w i l e n g t h w i d t h

P. p e t e n y i i P u t n o k d e x t . 39. 0 2 9 . 0

P. h u n g a r i c u m K i r á l d (ÉHIK 1930) d e x t . 39. 2 3 1 . 6 h u n g a r i c u m E t e s ( K R E T Z O I 19 54) d e x t . 37. 8 3 1 . 0

d e x t . 38. 5 32 . 5

P. c u v i e r i ( O S B O R N 1936) 43 . 0

P. h o b l e y i ( H A R R I S 19 7 3) 3 9 . 6 - 4 5 . 5 31 . 7 -35 ,

P 4

P. p e t e n y i i P u t n o k d e x t . 46 . 0 39 . 0

P. h u n g a r i c u m E t e s ( K R E T Z O I 1954) s i n . 46 . 0 38. 0 s i n . 4 8 . 0 39. 0

Ko tyháza (ÉHIK 1930) s i n . 4 9 . 8 4 3 . 3 d e x t . 4 4 . 6 4 4 . 1

B o d a ( K R E T Z O I 1954) s i n . - 4 3 . 9

P . c u v i e r i ( O S B O R N 19 36) 48 . 0

P. h o b l e y i ( O S B O R N 1936) 4 6 . 0 - 4 9 . 0 ( H A R R I S 1973) 44 . 3 - 5 4 . 4 38 . 4 - 4 3 .

M l P . p e t e n y i i P u t n o k s i n . 57 . 0 38 . 0

d e x t . 57. 0 38 . 0 P . h u n g a r i c u m E t e s ( K R E T Z O I 1954) d e x t . - 4 1 . 1

s i n . 59. 0 4 0 . 5 Kotyháza (ÉHIK 19 30) s i n . 58 . 7 46 . 0

P . c u v i e r i ( O S B O R N 19 36) 60 . 0

P. h o b l e y i ( H A R R I S 1973) 55. 0 - 5 5 . 3 39 . 5 - 4 3 .

M 2 P. p e t e n y i i P u t n o k s i n . 58 . 0 45 . 0

d e x t . 56 . 0 4 5 . 0 P. h u n g a r i c u m E t e s ( K R E T Z O I 1954) d e x t . 62. 0 5 1 . 5

K i r á l d (ÉHIK 1930) d e x t . 60 , 7 _ Kotyháza (ÉHIK 1930) d e x t . 62 . 2 54 . 6

s i n . 62 . 3 55 . 1 B o d a ( K R E T Z O I 1954) s i n . 62 . 0 53 . 8

P . c u v i e r i ( O S B O R N 1936) 59 . 0

P . h o b l e y i ( H A R R I S 1973) 54. 8 -57 . 0 50. 3 - 5 0 .

M 3 P . h u n g a r i c u m Kotyháza (ÉHIK 1930 d e x t . 73. 2 55 . 5

s i n . 72 . 5 55 . 5

P . c u v i e r i ( O S B O R N 19 36) 7 1 . 0

P . h o b l e y i ( O S B O R N 1936) 6 5 . 0 - 7 2 . 0 ( H A R R I S 1973) 66. 9 - 6 7 . 8 54. 1 -54 .

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w

60

56

45

30

A '

o o Ma

Ma

P4

Ma

M i + 1

O 2

• 3

A 4

A 5

• 6

35

L = c r o w n l e n g t h ,

40 45 50 90 85 70 75 55

F i g . 3. S c a t t e r d i a g r a m o f l o w e r t e e t h d i m e n s i o n s o f P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m , M e a s u r e d as i n T a b l e 3. W= c r o w n w i d t h . - 1. P . p e t e n y i i f r o m P u t n o k ; 2 . - 5 . P . h u n g a r i c u m : 2 . Ko tyháza , 3. E t e s , 4 . B o d a , 5. K i ­

rá ld ; 6 , P , h o b l e y i f r o m G e b e i Z e l t e n , L i b y a ( A f t e r H A R R I S 1973, T a b l e 3)

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r e n c e . T h e genus P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m i n c l u d e s the s m a l l s i z e P . h o b l e y i ( A n d r e w s , 1911) -E a s t - A f r i c a ; P . p e t e n y i i s p . n . - M i d d l e E u r o p e ; P . p e n t a p o t a m i a e ( L y d e k k e r , 1876) -W e s t e r n A s i a ; the m i c r o - m e d i u m s i z e P . c u v i e r i ( K a u p , 1832) and P . h u n g a r i c u m Éhik, 1930 - E u r o p e ( a l l E a r l y M i o c e n e ) ; and the m e d i u m s i z e P."~bâvaricum ( M e y e r , 1831) i n E u ­r o p e M i d d l e / L a t e M i o c e n e .

R E F E R E N C E S

É H I K , J . ( 1930 ) : P r o d i n o t h e r i u m h u n g a r i c u m n . g . , n . s p . - G e o l . H u n g . , s e r . P a l a e o n t . , 6: 1-18.

H A R R I S , J . M . ( 1 9 7 3 ) : P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m f r o m G e b e l Z e l t e n , L i b y a . B u l l , o f the B r i t i s h M u s . ( N a t . H i s t . ) ( G e o l o g y ) , 2 3 ( 5 ) : 2 8 5 - 3 4 8 .

K R E T Z O I , M . (19 5 4 ) : A D i n o t h e r i u m o k ré tegtani j e l e n t ő s é g e ( S t r a t i g r a p h i e i m p o r t a n c e o f the D i n o t h e r e s ) - M a n u s c r i p t , 12 p p .

K O R D O S , L . ( 1985 ) : A m a g y a r o r s z á g i e g g e n b u r g i - s z a r m a t a képződmények s z á r a z f ö l d i g e ­r i n c e s maradványa i , b iozonáció ja és ré tegtani k o r r e l á c i ó j a ( T e r r e s t r i a l v e r t e b r a t e r e ­m a i n s f r o m the E g g e n b u r g i a n t o S z a r m a t i a n o f H u n g a r y : B i z o n a t i o n a n d S t r a t i g r a p h i e c o r r e l a t i o n ) . - M Á F I Évi J e l . , ( 1 9 8 3 ) : 157- 165.

N O S Z K Y , J . (1929) : A M a g y a r N e m z e t i Múzeum é r t é k e s e b b , uj g e o l ó g i a i és pa leontológiá i s z e r z e m é n y e i ( D i e i n t e r e s s a n t e r e n g e o l o g i s c h e n u n d paläontologischen N e u a q u i s i t i o n e n des U n g . N a t i o n a l - M u s e u m s ) . - F ö l d t . K ö z l . , 59 : 4 2 - 4 9 , 1 0 2 - 1 0 9 .

N O S Z K Y , J . ( 1 9 3 0 ) : A M a g y a r K ö z é p h e g y s é g É K - i r é s z é n e k O l i g o c é n - M i o c é n r é t e g e i : I I . A Miocén ( D i e O l i g o c e n - M i o c é n B i l d u n g e n i n d e m N . O . T e i l e des U n g a r i s c h e n M i t t e l ­g e b i r g e s : I I . M i o c é n ) . - A n n l s . h i s t . - n a t . M u s . n a t n l . h u n g . , 2 7 : 1 5 9 - 2 3 6 .

O S B O R N , H . F . ( 1 9 3 6 ) : P r o b o s c i d e a . A m o n o g r a p h o f t he d i s c o v e r y , e v o l u t i o n , m i g r a t i o n and e x t i n c t i o n o f the M a s t o d o n and E l e p h a n t s o f the W o r l d . V o l . : I . M o e r i t h e r i o i d e a , D e i n o t h e r i o i d e s , M a s t o d o n t o i d e s . - T h e A m e r i c a n M u s e u m P r e s s , N e w Y o r k , 802 p p .

R A D Ó C Z , G y . ( 1973 ) : A b o r s o d i pa leogén és a l sómiocén ré teg tani k é r d é s e i ( S t r a t i g r a p h i e q u e s t i o n s o f the P a l e o g e n e a n d L o w e r M i o c e n e i n B o r s o d ) . - Fö ld t . K ö z l . 103 (2 ) : 189-195.

S C H L E S I N G E R , G . ( 1922 ) : D i e M a s t o d o n t e n d e r B u d a p e s t e r S a m m l u n g e n . U n t e r s u c h u n g e n über M o r p h o l o g i e , P h y l o g e n i e , E t h o l o g i e und S t r a t i g r a p h i e eu ropä i sche r M a s t o d o n t e n . -G e o l . H u n g . B u d a p e s t , 2 (1) : 1 -284.

S Z Á L A I , T . (1929) : P a l e o g e o g r á f i a i és pa leob io lóg ia i f e l a d a t o k . E g y uj kotyházai P r o d i n o ­t h e r i u m h u n g a r i c u m ÉHIK . . . alapján ( P a l ä o g e o g r a p h i s c h e u n d paläontologische A u f g a ­b e n ) . - Szakülések ( P r o t o k o l l e d e r F a c h s i t z u n g e n ) . - Fö ld t . K ö z l . , _59: 8 2 . , 133.

S Z Á L A I , T . (1930) : O n t h e g e o l o g i c a l o c c u r r e n c e o f P r o d i n o t h e r i u m h u n g a r i c u m ÉHIK. -G e o l . H u n g . , S e r . P a l a e o n t . , 6: 1 9 - 2 3 .

A u t h o r ' s a d d r e s s : D r . Is tván VÖRÖS A r c h a e o l o g i c a l D e p a r t m e n t H u n g a r i a n N a t i o n a l M u s e u m H - 1 0 8 8 B u d a p e s t Múzeum körút 1 4 - 1 6 . H U N G A R Y

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E X P L A N A T I O N O F P L A T E S

P l a t e I .

R i g h t m a n d i b l e o f P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m p e t e n y i i sp . n . f r o m P u t n o k 1= l a t e r a l v i e w , 2 = d o r s a l v i e w , 3= m e d i a l v i e w .

P l a t e I I .

L e f t m a n d i b l e o f P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m p e t e n y i i sp . n . f r o m P u t n o k

P l a t e I I I .

R i g h t l o w e r t e e t h r o w of P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m p e t e n y i i s p . n . f r o m P u t n o k 1= m e d i a l v i e w , 2= d o r s a l v i e w , 3= l a t e r a l v i e w .

P l a t e I V .

L e f t l o w e r t e e t h r o w o f P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m p e t e n y i i s p . n . f r o m P u t n o k 1= m e d i a l v i e w , 2- d o r s a l v i e w , 3= l a t e r a l v i e w .

P l a t e V .

R i g h t l o w e r t e e t h r o w o f P r o d e i n o t h e r i u m p e t e n y i i s p . n . f r o m P u t n o k 1= d o r s a l v i e w , 2= m e d i a l v i e w , 1 / 1 .

( A l l p h o t o s by J . K A R D O S )

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1 2

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