fracture role-presentation
DESCRIPTION
A document showing the fracture impctsTRANSCRIPT
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Role of Fractures in
Michigan Oil and Gas
Reservoirs
Dr. William B. Harrison, III
Department of Geosciences
Western Michigan University
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Advanced Characterization of
Fractured Reservoirs in Carbonate
Rocks: The Michigan Basin
U.S.DOE-funded, 3-year research
project - 1998 to 2001
University/industry consortium for data
gathering and research
Document role of fractures in Michigan
carbonate reservoirs
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Project Team
Dr. James R. Wood, Project Manager,
Michigan Technological University
Dr. William B. Harrison, III, Co-Principal
Investigator, Western Michigan University
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Project Goals and Objectives
Characterization of Fractures in Michigan
Reservoirs
Quantifying Fracture Patterns at a Variety of
Scales
Developing a Basin Model for Fracture
Development
Determine role of Fractures in Hydrocarbon
Emplacement or Production
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Types of Fractured Reservoirs
Type 1 - Fractures provide all reservoir storage,
matrix tight. Fractures provide porosity and
permeability. Ex. Antrim Shale
Type 2 - Fractures connect porous and permeable
matrix zones. Most reservoir storage and porosity
in matrix. Permeability enhanced by fractures.
Ex. Niagaran Reef
Type 3 - Fractures initiate porosity/permeability
in tight rock. Later solution enhancement creates
reservoir quality. Ex. Albion-Scipio Field Trenton
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Origin of Fractures
External stress on some portion of rock
mass exceeds the breaking strength of the
rock.
Three dimensional stress field is designated
Sigma-1, Sigma-2, and Sigma-3. Usually
one vertical and two horizontal directions,
all at right angles to each other.
Most fractures are sub-vertical to vertical
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Regional Analysis of Stress Fields
and Fracture Development
Intraplate stresses develop throughout the
crust, mostly originating at plate boundaries
Contemporary stress fields reflect modern
Plate movements
Paleostress fields are recorded in the rocks
and reflect ancient plate movements
Contemporary and paleo-stress fields may
have different orientations
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Stress Created by Plate Collisions
Eastern Continental Margin
From Versical, 1991
M.S. Thesis, W.M.U
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Contemporary Maximum Horizontal
Compressive Stress Directions
From Versical, 1991
M.S. Thesis, W.M.U
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Bedding Parallel Strain from
Calcite Twin Analyses
From Versical, 1991
M.S. Thesis, W.M.U
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Sources of Data for Analyses
of Fractures
Outcrop measurements
Oriented cores
Borehole imaging logs
Borehole breakout and induced fracture
orientations
Structural trend mapping
Remote sensing and stream drainage
mapping
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Fracture Orientations from
Outcrop Measurements
From Versical, 1991
M.S. Thesis, W.M.U
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Antrim Shale Fracture
Orientations
From Dellapenna Thesis, 1991
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Correlation of Fracture Frequency
to Logs - Antrim Shale
From Dellapenna Thesis, 1991
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Modeling Michigan Structures and
Fractures using Riedel Shears
Assumes effective stress is horizontal
Shear is the primary mechanism for
development of structures
Fractures will develop at predictable angles
to shear direction
Reactivation of structures from basement
and throughout the sedimentary column
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Riedel Shear Model for Left
Simple Shear
From Versical, 1991
M.S. Thesis, W.M.U
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Reidel Shear Development
from Basement Fault
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Anticlinal Structures created
by Paired Reidel Shear Faults
From Versical, 1991
M.S. Thesis, W.M.U
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Clayton Field Structural
Interpretation from Seismic
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Structural Contour Map on
Top of Basement
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Structural Model of Albion-
Scipio Field
Riedel Shear model with left-lateral shear
Localized small-scale folds within field fit
shear model
Reactivated basement fault or “zone of
weakness” is probable Principle
Displacement Zone
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Structural Axis Trends in a
Portion of Albion-Scipio Field
From Versical, 1991
M.S. Thesis, W.M.U
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Fold Orientations and Left-
Lateral Wrench Fault Model
From Versical, 1991
M.S. Thesis, W.M.U
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Albion-Scipio Field, Riedel
Shear Model
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Summary and Conclusions
New 3-Year DOE Project on fractures in
Michigan reservoirs in underway.
Research consortium between Michigan
Tech. and Western Michigan Universities.
Initial phase is to classify types of fractured
reservoirs and determine origin of fractures.
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Summary and Conclusions
Fractures are present in most reservoirs, but
play vastly different roles depending on
lithology and fabric of the matrix.
Fractures enhance permeability and porosity
and may be very significant in diagenetic
changes.
Stresses that control fractures mostly arise
outside the Michigan basin at plate margins.