FRACTAL APPROACH FRACTAL APPROACH TO ANTIVIRAL TO ANTIVIRAL

RESEARCHRESEARCH

Oleksandr P. Fedchuk,Oleksandr P. Fedchuk,Associate Professor, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Ph.D.

I.I. Mechnikov Odesa National I.I. Mechnikov Odesa National UniversityUniversity

Odesa, Odesa, 65110 65110 Ukraine UkraineContact phone : +38 (048) 71Contact phone : +38 (048) 7188

55391391E-mail: E-mail: grade@farlep.netgrade@farlep.net

Cellular: +38 097 686 0584 Cellular: +38 097 686 0584

Julia setJulia set fractalfractal Julia set fractal was taken as a model for infection dissemination process.

The central larger part of the fractal cluster denotes the place where the viral infection was introduced.

It is seen quite well that the ways of infection dissemination over the substrate is chaotic but also deterministic as well.

Self-similarity of Julia set Self-similarity of Julia set fractal as a model of viral fractal as a model of viral

infectioninfection

Demonstration of the object's and projection's fractal dimension equivalence.

Difference in optical densities Difference in optical densities in non-infected HEP-2 cells and in non-infected HEP-2 cells and

infected cells as seen in luminescent infected cells as seen in luminescent microscopemicroscope

NON-INFECTED HEP-2 CELLS INFECTED HEP-2 CELLS

It is obvious that introduction of the virus into the cell’s nucleus leads to the significant increase to the optical density and thus to

the changes in the diffraction pattern.

We use 5 mW He-Ne unimode laser as the source of coherent radiation. The use of this type of radiation results in the speckle-type of diffraction pattern which presents the optical Fourier transform of the object and, thus, contains a lot of information about object’s structure which could be extracted using mathematics.

General view of the fractal General view of the fractal microscope kitmicroscope kit

The diffraction pattern as The diffraction pattern as seen along the laser beam seen along the laser beam

propagation direction.propagation direction.ItIt is quite obvious that the is quite obvious that the geometrical magnification geometrical magnification (limited by the device’s size (limited by the device’s size only) could be made easily only) could be made easily enough of about 1000x without enough of about 1000x without any complications caused by any complications caused by immersion procedure.immersion procedure.

This figure describes the This figure describes the diffraction pattern character diffraction pattern character which is transmitted into which is transmitted into computer for further computer for further processing with the use of processing with the use of problem oriented original problem oriented original software.software.

Brief technology Brief technology descriptiondescription

Developed a new Fractal Developed a new Fractal MicroscopMicroscopicic System (FMS) for System (FMS) for continuouscontinuous monitoring of the monitoring of the tiniest changes of an object’s tiniest changes of an object’s optical density. FMS provides a optical density. FMS provides a quantitative view of virus-cell quantitative view of virus-cell interactions in a time-series of interactions in a time-series of frames at any stage of the frames at any stage of the interaction. The FMS is useful interaction. The FMS is useful in life sciences and drug in life sciences and drug design, in agriculture and design, in agriculture and veterinary sciences, in physics veterinary sciences, in physics of liquid crystals and surface of liquid crystals and surface phenomena, in polymer and phenomena, in polymer and colloid chemistrycolloid chemistry

What does What does a fractala fractal image tell image tell

scientist ?scientist ? The fractal image after processing makes it The fractal image after processing makes it possible to estimate the size of the minimal cluster possible to estimate the size of the minimal cluster composed by the units under consideration (e.g. composed by the units under consideration (e.g. cells, nuclei or viruses) and the fractal dimension cells, nuclei or viruses) and the fractal dimension D of the cluster itself which demonstrates the level D of the cluster itself which demonstrates the level of the space filling as well as the cluster progress. of the space filling as well as the cluster progress.

In one example, we have shown that the intra-In one example, we have shown that the intra-spinal brain fluid has liquid crystalline properties spinal brain fluid has liquid crystalline properties and forms a fractal cluster. The cluster’s fractal and forms a fractal cluster. The cluster’s fractal dimension was changed as a result of brain trauma dimension was changed as a result of brain trauma and the recovery process was accompanied by the and the recovery process was accompanied by the changes of the fractal dimension. The treatment of changes of the fractal dimension. The treatment of the trauma enhanced the rate of the fractal the trauma enhanced the rate of the fractal dimension changes. dimension changes.

Another experimental application of the fractal Another experimental application of the fractal microscope is with leukemia blood serum samples. microscope is with leukemia blood serum samples. The normal serum had distinctively other values of The normal serum had distinctively other values of the fractal dimension than that taken from the the fractal dimension than that taken from the leukemia patient. The treatment of the leukemia leukemia patient. The treatment of the leukemia case demonstrated the changes in fractal case demonstrated the changes in fractal dimension towards normal values of this system dimension towards normal values of this system parameter. parameter.

Innovative Aspect and Main Innovative Aspect and Main AdvantagesAdvantages

The FMS is based on the fractal structural The FMS is based on the fractal structural properties of an object’s organization. The properties of an object’s organization. The computerized fractal microscope could take frames computerized fractal microscope could take frames of any nano-scale process, monitoring it in real of any nano-scale process, monitoring it in real time. The FMS has numerous benefits compared time. The FMS has numerous benefits compared with the standard techniques, such as the direct with the standard techniques, such as the direct infected cells’ luminescent microscopic counting:infected cells’ luminescent microscopic counting:

It is a better and simpler way of providing a It is a better and simpler way of providing a quantitative description,quantitative description,

It provides an objective quantitative numeric It provides an objective quantitative numeric measurement, measurement,

It gives in-line quick It gives in-line quick monitoring of virus-cell monitoring of virus-cell interaction could be realized at any stage.interaction could be realized at any stage.

Problem Description & Problem Description & Market NeedMarket Need

The problem is to elaborate and introduce a new original The problem is to elaborate and introduce a new original effective device for virus-cell interaction monitoring at effective device for virus-cell interaction monitoring at every stage beginning from the very first ones (especially every stage beginning from the very first ones (especially in the cases of emergency). in the cases of emergency).

The starting market are the international The starting market are the international pharmaceuticals’ drug design centers interested in pharmaceuticals’ drug design centers interested in express analysis of the drug efficacy evaluation as well as express analysis of the drug efficacy evaluation as well as clinical laboratories all over the world.clinical laboratories all over the world.

The potential market is very wide and includes firstly the The potential market is very wide and includes firstly the healthcare systems of developing countries which need healthcare systems of developing countries which need urgently the portable device for field antiviral detection urgently the portable device for field antiviral detection and research. and research.

Areas of ApplicationAreas of ApplicationApplications of FMS to life sciences and drug design:Applications of FMS to life sciences and drug design: For anti-viral applications FMS provides a quantitative view of the virus-For anti-viral applications FMS provides a quantitative view of the virus-

cell interaction in a time-series of frames at any stage of the interaction,cell interaction in a time-series of frames at any stage of the interaction, For detecting viral infections of the animal semen during artificial For detecting viral infections of the animal semen during artificial

insemination,insemination,

Applications to agriculture and veterinary sciencesApplications to agriculture and veterinary sciences:: Food and drug quality monitoring,Food and drug quality monitoring, Viral infection transfer monitoring in domestic animals and wild nature.Viral infection transfer monitoring in domestic animals and wild nature.

Applications Applications to surface science phenomenato surface science phenomena:: For organic materials water dissolution limits establishment,For organic materials water dissolution limits establishment, For chain polymerization processFor chain polymerization process monitoring and for production of monitoring and for production of

polymers,polymers, For problems of surface and interface exchange in physics and physical For problems of surface and interface exchange in physics and physical

chemistry,chemistry, Self-organization and clusterization control in nano-technologies.Self-organization and clusterization control in nano-technologies.

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSAs the result of the theoretical discussion of the real experiment, we As the result of the theoretical discussion of the real experiment, we

would like to state the following:would like to state the following:

The possibility of the fractal approach application to the problem of virus-cell The possibility of the fractal approach application to the problem of virus-cell interaction is comprehensively based on the platform of modern coherent interaction is comprehensively based on the platform of modern coherent optics, mathematics and computer science.optics, mathematics and computer science.

The use of the proposed approach has a lot of benefits as compared to the The use of the proposed approach has a lot of benefits as compared to the standard techniques, especially due to its better and simpler way of the standard techniques, especially due to its better and simpler way of the quantitative, objective and express type of virus-cell in-line interaction quantitative, objective and express type of virus-cell in-line interaction monitoring.monitoring.

The fractal approach could be used widely with the purpose of virus-cell The fractal approach could be used widely with the purpose of virus-cell interaction every stage details' evaluation and it will allow, in perspective, interaction every stage details' evaluation and it will allow, in perspective, the perpetual dynamic monitoring of the processes on the molecular level of the perpetual dynamic monitoring of the processes on the molecular level of self-organization.self-organization.

The proposed fractal approach is mainly applicable in laboratory and clinical The proposed fractal approach is mainly applicable in laboratory and clinical antiviral research as well as in drug design and testing process due to its antiviral research as well as in drug design and testing process due to its attractive abilities of high sensitivity, express character and numerical way attractive abilities of high sensitivity, express character and numerical way of data processing.of data processing.

STAGE of STAGE of DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

A prototype of the FMS has been A prototype of the FMS has been assembled and tested. It is ready assembled and tested. It is ready for presentation and for presentation and metrological procedures.metrological procedures.

International patent applications International patent applications are anticipated.are anticipated.

TARGETED MARKET TARGETED MARKET SEGMENTSEGMENT

Fractal microscope could be used as an express-Fractal microscope could be used as an express-method of viral particles presence monitoring as method of viral particles presence monitoring as well as the evaluation their infective index.well as the evaluation their infective index.

Thousands of the proposed devices are anticipated Thousands of the proposed devices are anticipated in the developing countries suffering from viral in the developing countries suffering from viral infectionsinfections

The market price of the device could be made as The market price of the device could be made as small as a triple price of the computer included. small as a triple price of the computer included.

CompetitionCompetition The anticipated competition is presented mainly by the The anticipated competition is presented mainly by the

following companies engaged in optoelectronics devices following companies engaged in optoelectronics devices production such as:production such as:

THORLABS 435 Route 206, P.O.Box 366, Newton, NJ 07860-THORLABS 435 Route 206, P.O.Box 366, Newton, NJ 07860-0366, U.S.A. Tel: 973 579 7227, Fax: 973 300 3600, 0366, U.S.A. Tel: 973 579 7227, Fax: 973 300 3600, www.thorlabs.comwww.thorlabs.com

MELLES GRIOT Carlsbad, California 1-800-835-2526MELLES GRIOT Carlsbad, California 1-800-835-2526

Fax: 760 804 0049, E-mail: Fax: 760 804 0049, E-mail: sales@catalog.mellesgriot.comsales@catalog.mellesgriot.com

NEW FOCUS 2584 Junction Avenue, San Jose, CA 95134-1902NEW FOCUS 2584 Junction Avenue, San Jose, CA 95134-1902

phone: 866 683 6287, fax: 408 919 6083 phone: 866 683 6287, fax: 408 919 6083

Competitive MatrixCompetitive Matrix

Important product Important product or technology or technology characteristicscharacteristics

My company or My company or institute’s productinstitute’s product

Name of Name of Competitor #1Competitor #1

Name of Name of Competitor #2, etc.Competitor #2, etc.

Key Characteristic Key Characteristic (a) (a) Express monitoringExpress monitoring Precise Precise

measurementmeasurementSpecial size Special size

particlesparticles

Key Characteristic Key Characteristic (b) (b) Fully automatedFully automated

Key Characteristic Key Characteristic (c) (c)

Possibility of free Possibility of free viral particles viral particles

detectiondetection

Key Characteristic Key Characteristic (d) (usually cost) (d) (usually cost) The cost is lowerThe cost is lower The cost is ten The cost is ten

times higher times higher The cost if five The cost if five times highertimes higher

OpportunitiesOpportunities

The opportunity for joint work is provided The opportunity for joint work is provided as the joint stock US-Ukrainian enterprise as the joint stock US-Ukrainian enterprise organization based either in Ukraine or in organization based either in Ukraine or in the U.S.A.the U.S.A.

I seek from my potential companion a I seek from my potential companion a fruitful cooperation in the world market fruitful cooperation in the world market accessaccess

The enterprise will cost not more than 10 The enterprise will cost not more than 10 million US dollarsmillion US dollars

Contact informationContact information

Oleksandr P. Fedchuk, Associate Professor, Oleksandr P. Fedchuk, Associate Professor, Ph.D., Ph.D.,

Contact phone #: +38 (048) 718 5391, 732 Contact phone #: +38 (048) 718 5391, 732 5565 ; cellular +38 097 686 05845565 ; cellular +38 097 686 0584

E-mail: E-mail: grade@farlep.netgrade@farlep.net

I.I. Mechnikov Odesa National UniversityI.I. Mechnikov Odesa National University

Balkivska Str. 30A, appt.79, Odesa, Balkivska Str. 30A, appt.79, Odesa, 65110 65110 UkraineUkraine