fracking update; urs, martin pringle law firm; 2014 mid-america environmental compliance seminar in...
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Speed Dating - Fracking Update(Hydraulic Fracture Stimulation)
New Developments & Old Concerns
2014 Mid-America Environmental
Compliance Conference – April 3-4, 2014
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Energy Boom
Energy Independence
Energy Exports
US Net EnergyImports Reached
20 Year Low in 2013
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Horizontal Drilling and Hydraulic Fracture Stimulation
1300-1500 bbls/stage @ 100 bpm
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Well Pad(6 - 8 wells)
300,000 barrels Freshwater
200,000 barrels Flowback/Produced
“Long” Access Road
Water Source ½ Mile
4
Well Pad, Freshwater, Flowback/Produced
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Bakken (flaring gas to produce 1.1 million bpd in 2014)
Eagle Ford
Piceance Basin
Mar
cellu
s
NYC
Boston
Philly
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Per EPA - Hydraulic Fracturing Includes:
1.Water Acquisition
2.Chemical Mixing
3.Well Injection (Normally Considered the Frac Job)
4.Flowback and Produced Water
5.Wastewater Treatment and Waste Disposal
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Water Acquisition
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Water Acquisition• Intake to meet impingement mortality
and entrainment standards
• Need to Meter
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Freshwater Conveyance (Temporary)
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Same Line (Permanent)
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Water Trucks – 100 barrelsYellow Frac Tank – 500 barrels
Conveyance: No One Likes Water Trucks…
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference12 | MARCELLUS SHALE
COALITION
On-Site Water Storage Only…No Transport
500 bbls
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
250,000 barrels Freshwater
Well Pad – 6 Wells
300,000 barrels Freshwater
Landowner
Surface Water
Gas Treatment
13
All Freshwater Storage
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Chemical Mixing - Hydraulic Fracturing Job
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Chemical Mixing - FracFocus.org
99% Water and Sand
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
500 barrel Fiberglass Tanks for Flowback/ProducedRe-use for Next Frac Job
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Reduce TSS – Filtering w/ 100 & 25µm Socks Flowback Filtration – Reduce TSS and Re-use
Thanks
2014 Mid-America Environmental
Compliance Conference – April 3-4, 2014
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference19
Drilling Well
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Well Pad, Freshwater Storage, Access Roads
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Baseline Data and Permits• Baseline Surface Water, Groundwater, Air, Topography• Construction Permits (pads, roads, impoundments, gas
treatment/compressor stations)…any disturbance!−Notification −Cultural Resources−T&E Species (plants and animals [bats, rattlesnakes…])−All about E&S Controls (Erosion and Sediment Controls)−Set Backs (from schools, drinking water, etc.)
• Freshwater Extraction: Pass-bys based on Q7,10 flows• Hauling Permits and Permitted Routes• Wastewater Treatment (Flowback and Produced Water)
NORM TENORM – Technically Enhanced NORM
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
New Developments/Old Concerns• In 2014: Next EPA Study Potential Impacts of Hydraulic
Fracturing on Drinking Water Resources
• Use Less Water and/or Natural Gas Liquids or Nitrogen Foam – Decrease Dependence on Water…Less Wastewater.
• Decrease Additives or Use More Environmentally Friendly Additives.
• Seismic Events? Mostly due to wastewater injection (OH)
• No More Photos of Ignited Kitchen Faucets PLEASE!
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Workover with Containment Pad
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Freshwater Storage
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Shale Gas: Environmental Protection in Wells
Casing Integrity Testing
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Bolted Stainless Steel Tank (100 foot diameter/40,000 barrels)
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Wastewater Treatment Tanks – 500 barrelsOn Site Treatment/Storage Only
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Whoa!
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Road Maintenance
Before After
E&P Operators Pay for Road Repairs
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Narrow Bridge and Large Vehicles
5 Point Turn
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Erosion and Sediment Control (E&S Controls)Freshwater Conveyance Line (Before)
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Freshwater Conveyance Line (After)
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance ConferenceShale Gas Europe
Move Fluids, Sludge, Drilling Muds & Spill Cleanup
Vac Truck
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Wetland Delineation
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Wetland?...Yes! (Landowner Used as a Dump)
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Temporary and Mobile Freshwater Storage
50,000-100,000 BBL systems are typically installed in 3-4 days and removed within 3 days.
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Temporary and Mobile Freshwater Storage
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Cultural Resources (Historic Sites…Native Peoples)
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Well Pad and Access Road Under Construction
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
SetbacksComposite Impact: 50% of Your Acreage Off-limits
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Typical Casing Design for Marcellus
Assure Annular Seal• Cement to Surface to
Extent Possible
• Mechanical Integrity Tests on annulus
Stray Gas?No Bubbles…No Troubles
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
“Fracking…Hydraulic Fracturing (HF)
• > 60 years: more than 1 million wells in 27 states
• 90 percent of oil and gas wells use HF technology
• 99.5 percent water/sand mix
• 3 to 5 million gallons of water fractures the shale.
• Well casing protects water supply
• PA Chapter 78 upgrades reflect best practices in well casing
42 | MARCELLUS SHALE COALITION
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Vertical Setbacks – from Frac Zone
• At least 1,000 feet from top of Frac Zone to Freshwater Aquifer (blue stripe at top)
• At least 2,000 feet from top of Frac Zone to Ground Surface
Marcellus Frac Zone
Freshwater
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
First 5 Minutes – Shale Gas Primer and Fracking
• Background
• Leasing and Well Pad Siting/Permitting
• Well Pad Design (Erosion and Sediment Controls)
• Water Management
• Freshwater Procurement, Conveyance, and Storage
• Manifolds and Pumping for Hydraulic Fracturing
• Flowback and Produced Water Storage, Treatment, Re-use, and Disposal
• Well Pad Production Equipment: Well Testing, Treatment (Separation and Dehydration), Storage
44
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Manage Freshwater on Basis of River Basins
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Workover with $30,000 Containment Pad
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Baseline Data: Protect Your Company
• Groundwater• Springs• Underdrain Outlets
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Document Baseline Site Conditions (Groundwater…)
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Placing Geotextile and Stone on Level Pad Footprint
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Cut Slope, Geotextile and Stone on Level Pad
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Access Road w/ Erosion and Sediment Control Structures
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Rock Construction Entrance to Public Roadway
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Erosion and Sediment Control Measures Under Construction (RCE)
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Well Pads – E&SC Considerations
• Keep clean water offsite. Control water onsite and filter and re-infiltrate onsite or filter before it goes offsite. Reduce TSS!
• Sediment traps may be better choice than sediment basins
• No compost filter socks or silt fence unless very flat
• Clean water diversion swale up gradient to level spreaders
• Riprap-lined channels around pad to sediment traps
• Infiltration basins used when soil types are conducive
• Stormwater Management - due to the increase in impervious area
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Access Roads – Design Considerations/E&S
• Assume Road Width for Two-way Traffic
• Rock Construction Entrance (RCE) ±130’ Wide at Public Road
• Radius of the Tapered Curve of RCE ±50’
• 50-foot Radius into Well Pad and Tank Pad
• Coming off the state/local road with the access road - assume 10' @ -4% from EOP (driveway pipe/culvert will be placed at this point).
• 10% max grade preferred
• Roadside ditches (lined with riprap) placed on the upslope side of the access roads
• Road is in-sloped at 2%
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Freshwater Procurement
• Basin Approach to Water Management
• Water Consumed and Not Returned to the Basin
• Water Used and Returned to the Basin
• Do Not Move Water Between Basins…Invasive Species
• Extraction Limits per Day
• And, “Pass-by” when source is low, can’t take any water
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Flowback and Produced Water StorageTanks or Impoundments?
• High Risk Fluids
• Compatibility Issues (TDS)
• Bolted Stainless Steel Tank Capacity – 45,000 barrels
• Impoundment Capacity – 300,000 barrels
• Temporary Impoundment – 100,000 barrels
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Freshwater Storage for Hydraulic Fracturing
Floating Intakes
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Single Liner – Freshwater ImpoundmentDouble Liner w/ Leak Detection Zone – Flowback/Produced
Single Liner - Freshwater
Double Liner – Flowback/Produced
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Freshwater Impoundment – 300,000 barrels
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Water Quality Example
Parameter Blended Flowback/Produced Groundwater (Freshwater)Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L 11,100 35,600 233Conductivity (µmhos/cm at 25C) 30,400 139,000 449pH 6.36 6.57 7.74Chloride (mg/L) 6,300 22,900 18.1Sodium (mg/L) 2,680 8,120 6.75Calcium (mg/L) 811.0 2,610.0 81.6Magnesium (mg/L) 59.7 183.0 19.9Sulfate (mg/L) 4.62 3.3 36.2Barium?Strontium?
Watch for:• Incompatibility with Liners• Scaling and Precipitation Potential
Don’t want any leaks
Thank you!
(marcelluscoalition.org)
2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
The Marcellus Shale recently surpassed the 12 BCF per day mark as outlined in various press reports based on the latest Energy Information Administration data. If the Marcellus Shale region were a country, it would be the eighth largest natural gas producer in the world. In other words, the Appalachian Basin is the region for business development, investment, and advocacy – with MSC membership at the heart of it all.