fracking technology
TRANSCRIPT
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Fracking Technology
PREPARED BY : RIZWAN HYDER
7TH SEMESTER UET PESHAWAR
2Table of Contents
Definition History Procedure Advantage Operations Applications
3What is Fracking ?
Is a technique designed to recover gas and oil from shale rock(shale gas is trapped inside tiny pockets of rock)
Fracking is the process of drilling down into the earth before a high-pressure water mixture is directed at the rock to release the gas inside
Water, sand and chemicals are injected into the rock at high pressure which allows the gas to flow out to the head of the well
4History
1860’s: Fracturing, using nitroglyce, hard rock oil wells
1947: Floyd Farris of performs basic experiments of hydraulic fracturing
1970’s: The United States government initiated Projects
1997 – present: Development of "slick water fracturing
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• The problem is conventional hydrocarbon resources, those that flow freely, are quickly diminishing, while non conventional resources, those that are locked in shale bed formations, are only accessible though hydro-fracking.
6Procedure
The hydraulic fracturing of shale rock formations by injecting fluid into cracks to force them further open
The larger fissures allow more oil and gas to flow out of the formation and into the wellbore. The gas released is methane, also referred to as natural gas
7Vertical and horizontal fracking
8Cont.
Drilling upto thousands of feet's below surface of earth to drill well
Cased and cemented, small perforations are made in the horizontal portions of the pipe
a typical mixture of: water(90%) sand (9.5%) chemicals(0.5%) Pumped at high pressure to create micro-fractures
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10Advantages
As fracking grows, natural gas prices are dropping Energy consumers are seeing economic gains Despite economic gains , environmental concerns remain Fracking allows drilling firms to access difficult to reach resources of oil
and gas.
11Disadvantages
Uses huge amounts of water, which must be transported to the fracking site
Air contamination May cause small earth quakes
Applications: Because of shale and fracking, the International Energy Agency projects
that the U.S. could become the world’s leading oil producer by 2015 2015: Canada produce half of CO2 as usually
12Pakistan
Pakistan currently produces about 4.2 billion cubic feet of gas and about 70,000 barrels of oil per day
the Energy Information Administration (EIA), the American federal authority on energy statistics and analysis, has estimated fresh recoverable shale gas reserves of 105 trillion cubic feet (TCF) and more than nine billion barrels of oil in Pakistan
Shale gas locations in Pakistan along border with India and Afghanistan
13References
http://www.what-is-fracking.com/what-is-hydraulic-fracturing/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing Slider share presentations on fracking . http://www.dawn.com/news/1038762
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QUESTIONS ?