fourth westpac workshop on research and monitoring of the ...file.iocwestpac.org/oa/oa 14-15 dec...
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Progress ReportPhilippines
Fourth WESTPAC Workshop on Research and Monitoring of the Ecological Impacts
of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Ecosystems
14 – 15 December 2017 Phuket, Thailand
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Why is this study relevant?
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Fig. 1.1. Present day sea surface pH of the global ocean (Data from the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project, NOAA).
Fig. 1.2. Variation in pH levels in the world oceans (Donney, 2006).
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Fig. 1.3. Changes in aragonite saturation of the world's oceans(Feely et al., 2009).
Aragonite saturation is measure of CO3-2. It is used to
track ocean acidification.
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WESTPAC OA pilot sites
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Sites as of October 2017 (Alkalinity and pH)
52 Coastal areas from OA Kits (samples of opportunity)
3 Basin areas (from cruises)3 Additional sites (project areas)
Sites of OpportunityBasin AreaAdditional Sites
WESTPAC OA Pilot Sites (Alkalinity and pH)
Bolinao, Pangasinan16° 26' 16.39" N, 119° 56' 46.13" E
Lian, Batangas13° 59' 46.40" N, 120° 37' 23.23" E
Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro 12° 51' 2.3826" N, 120° 46' 31.3572" E
Mactan, Cebu10° 17' 6.8028" N, 124° 0' 4.4568" E
Taytay, Palawan10° 54' 42.86" N, 119° 31' 51.86" E
Samal Is., off Davao City 07° 09' 47.40" N, 125° 40' 54.68" E
San Juan, Siquijor9° 10' 31.2342" N, 123° 27' 42.1416" E
Bongao, Tawi-Tawi5° 2' 46.536" N, 119° 44' 21.534" E
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Progress of WESTPAC OA Programme Implementation in the Pilot Sites
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Ocean Acid kit contains5 borosilicate bottles (250 ml)Plastic bottle with HgCl2Waterproof notebook and pencilGloves and parafilmInstructions
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Ocean Acid kit sent to “sites of opportunity”
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Coastal Area (1m)
Map of pH in surface waters
Basin Area (1-5m)
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Basin AreasNorth Eastern Philippines 8.04-8.13Benham Rise8.03-8.15West Palawan Shelf7.93-8.07North Western Philippines8.02-8.16
Coastal Areas7.79-8.20
Mariculture Area 7.42-8.00
Seagrass Area7.96-8.49
Summary Map of pH
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Coastal Area (1m) Basin Area (1-5m)
Map of aragonite saturation (ΩAr) in surface waters
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Basin AreasNorth Eastern Philippines2.76-3.26Benham Rise3.08-3.35West Palawan Shelf2.48-2.90North Western Philippines2.51-3.46
Coastal Areas2.71-4.09
Mariculture Area 0.20-2.26Seagrass Area1.97-4.85
Summary Map on ΩAr
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BRP Velasquez Underway System
pCO2 analyzer
Thermosalinograph
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Summary Map on pCO2
West Palawan Shelf400-438.5 ppm
North Western Philippines373.1-427.89 ppm
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ARMS
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Proj. 1c – Monitoring Biodiversity at NIPAS Sites and Ocean Acidification Baseline Study
Draft pH mapDraft Aragonite saturation map
Biodiversity Ocean Acidification Baseline Study
Main Objective• To monitor biodiversity and determine baseline information on carbonate
parameters at 5 NIPAS sites
(using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures or ARMS)
(pH and aragonite saturation maps)
KEY QUESTIONS i. Is there a difference in natural biodiversity among the 5 NIPAS sites?ii. Within a site, does diversity differ in the context of varying levels of environmental
disturbance/stress?iii. Within a site, does diversity differ in an area with distinct physical features (e.g. CO2
venting site) compared to an undisturbed area?iv. Is there a pattern of spatial and temporal differences in distribution of species/
operational taxonomic units? Is there a correlation between diversity patterns and physical parameters (ocean acidification)?
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Biodiversityo 45 ARMS units deployed in 5 NIPAS
siteso deployment of temperature and light loggers
onto ARMS, except in Tubbataha)
o A total of 68 individuals received lecture on ARMS and 27 individuals trained on ARMS deployment
o Website on ARMS created (ARMS Philippines facebook page)
Ocean Acidificationo Spatial and temporal (24-hr) data on
carbonate parameters (pH, aragonite saturation, etc.) in 5 NIPAS sites
Proj. 1c Accomplishments
Palaui
Siargao
Masinloc
Mabini (VIP)
Tubbataha
(3 units x 3 areas)/site(least disturbed, disturbed, most disturbed reef)
• CO2 vents (“bubbles”) at ~6m and ~12m
• powerplant• taklobo farm
• bird islet*• tourism
• tourism
ARMS Deployment sites
*bird guano as possible source of nutrients
https://www.facebook.com/ARMSPhilippines/
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Proj. 1c Accomplishments
Lecture/Training Participants
Puerto Princesa
Tuguegarao
Mabini
Masinloc
Siargao
RD Atty. Gil Aromin
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Proj. 1c Accomplishments
ARMS Deployment
Mabini, May 10-11
Masinloc, May 17-18
Tubbataha, Jun 6-7
Palaui, Oct 24-25
Siargao, Nov 15-16
(ARMS before deployment)
(Temperature and light logger)
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San Diego-McGlone, M.L., Lagman, M.C., Manuel-Santos, M., Gotanco, R., Ferrera, C., Lagumen, M.C., Santiago, J., Foronda, J., 2017. “Sentinel-ARMS” – Towards understanding the impacts of ocean acidification on the biodiversity of reef-builders. PAMS 14, July 13-15, 2017, Nasugbu, Batangas (Poster Presentation)
Presentation in a Local Conference
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MIKHAEL CLOTILDE S. TAÑEDOMS Student
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MULTISTRESSOR IMPACTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION AND WARMING ON ADULT AND LARVAL STAGE OF THE SCLERACTINIAN CORAL,Favites colmani (VERON,2000)
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Ocean acidification and warming flow-through set-up established in UP MSI-BML Hatchery
Experiment setup
TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED ROOM
MASS FLOWCONTROLLER
MIXING TANK
THERMAL BATH
7.7
8.0
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CONTROL
TREATMENTS
OCEAN WARMING
OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
OCEAN WARMINGAND ACIDIFICATION
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Tentative Plan for WESTPAC OA Programme Implementation in the Pilot
Sites for the Next Phase
• Revisit some pilot sites for carbonate chemistry• Retrieve ARMS deployed in protected area sites• Start a research program in 2018 to study coastal
acidification and its effects
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Coastal Acidification: How it Affects the Marine Environment and Resources in the Philippines
Proj 1. Spatio-temporal trends of pH, pCO2, and related parametersDr. Ma. Lourdes San Diego-McGlone / UPD MSI
Proj 2. Impacts of acidification on the base of the marine food web and their effects on marine production / Dr. Aletta T. Yñiguez / UPD MSI
Proj 3. Influence of acidification on specific reef resourcesDr. Patrick C. Cabaitan / UPD MSI
Proj 4. Acidification Impacts on the Demography of Corals (ACID Corals) / Dr. Wilfredo Roehl Y. Licuanan / DLSU
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BudgetYear 1 – $700,780Year 2 – $465,250Year 3 – $372,837
Total - $1,538,867
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Eutrophication from mariculture creates acidic conditions (pH as low as 7.4)
pH in Bolinao
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Volcanic vents releasing CO2 resulting in acidic waters (pH as low as 7.2 and 5.7 detected)
Study sites
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No mention on the threat
of ocean acidification
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Challenges, Strengths and Lesson-learned from Implementing the SOPs and the
WESTPAC –OA Programme
• Securing government support to do OA research has not been easy Why?
- poor understanding of OA - problem seen as too remote- Philippines as very minor contributor
of CO2
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Visions/ideas on the Way Forward for the WESTPAC OA Programme
• Synthesis of information to better describe status of OA in the region
• All WESTPAC partner countries capable of monitoring and studying OA
• Regional agreement/policy to help address OA issues in the region
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Participant/Institute/Country roles in the Joint Regional OA Programme
• Provide inputs and insights on OA monitoring and research
• Training of researchers who want to start OA work
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Thank you