Fourteenth International Symposium on Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres Sponsored by the ASTM G04 Committee on Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres April 13-15, 2016 Grand Hyatt San Antonio San Antonio, TX Symposium Chairs: Samuel Edgar Davis NASA – George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Huntsville, Alabama, USA Theodore A. Steinberg, Ph.D. Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, Queensland, Australia ABOUT THE SYMPOSIUM The purpose of this symposium is to provide a forum for the presentation and discussion of peer-reviewed papers on topics related to fire hazards in oxygen, oxygen-enriched environments and other oxidizer systems. Relevant topics include oxygen fire hazards and incidents, materials flammability and compatibility, ignition mitigation strategies, and good practices that improve the safety and reliability of oxygen, oxygen-enriched and non-oxygen oxidizer systems and components. Session papers on topics related to the objective will be presented. Past symposia have evoked numerous papers on many topics, which include:

New Test Methods to Define Material Safety for Use in Oxygen Environments Flammability of Materials in Oxygen and Oxygen-Enriched Environments Case Histories and Evaluation of Fire Incidents Materials Selection, Design and Operation Issues Related to Oxygen Systems Materials Selection and Design of Non-Oxygen Oxidizer Systems Principles for Safe Design of Oxygen Components, Systems, and Manufacturing Plants Combustion Rates of Materials in Oxygen and Oxygen-Enriched Environments Toxicity of Combustion Products in Oxygen Fires Flammability of Materials in non-Oxygen Oxidizer Environments Mathematical Modeling of Combustion Processes in Oxygen-Enriched Environments

The symposium is designed to expand the knowledge of oxygen system designers, engineers, safety professionals, industrial hygienists, manufacturers, suppliers and end users. The symposium provides a diverse source of new information to air separation industries, oxygen manufacturers, manufacturers of components for oxygen and other industrial gases service, manufacturers of materials intended for oxygen service, and users of oxygen and oxygen-enriched atmospheres, including aerospace, medical, industrial gases, chemical processing, steel and metals refining, as well as to military, commercial or recreational diving.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 13, 2016 (Times will be flexible to correspond to ASTM Meet-and-Greet Break times)

8:00 AM Opening Remarks Eddie Davis and Ted Steinberg, Symposium Co-Chairs 8:15 AM Keynote Address Space Exploration and Fire Technology – Learning from the Past and Preparing for the Future Walter D. Downing, Executive Vice President, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA 9:00 AM Properties of ToughMet™ 3 Copper-Nickel-Tin Alloy for Oxygen Enriched Atmosphere Applications Anand Samant, Materion Corporation, Mayfield Heights, Ohio, USA 9:30 AM Factors Affecting Non-Volatile Residue Contaminant Fire Risk Bradley Forsyth, WHA International, Inc, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA 10:00 AM Break 10:30 AM Analysis of Risks to Oxygen Systems from Particulate and Fiber Contaminants and Derivation of Cleanliness Requirements Nikki M. Lowrey, Jacobs Technology, Inc., Huntsville, Alabama USA 11:00 AM Detailed Investigation of the Sequence of Mechanisms Participating in Metals Ignition in Oxygen using Laser Heating and In-Situ, Real-Time Diagnostics Maryse Muller, Rémy Fabbro and Frédéric Coste, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique /Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Paris, France ; Hazem El-Rabii, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et d’Aérotechnique, Paris, France ; Jean-Christophe Rostaing and Martina Ridlova, Air Liquide R&D, Paris, France ; Alain Colson, Air Liquide, Safety and Industrial Systems, Paris, France; Hervé Barthélémy, Air Liquide, Worldwide Industrial Merchant/Packaged Gases, Paris, France 11:30 PM Comparison of Combustion Products of Bulk Aluminum Rods Burning in High Pressure Oxygen in Normal and Reduced Gravity Owen Plagens and Theodore Steinberg, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 12:00 NOON LUNCH (On Your Own)

2:00 PM Severity Indices and Their Implications for Adiabatic Compression Testing Barry Newton, WHA International, Inc, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; Theodore A. Steinberg, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 2:30 PM Simulation of Cylindrical Rod Combustion in High-Pressure Oxygen by Steady-State Jet Model Vladimir V. Martynenko, S. I. Shabunya, and V. I. Ignatenko, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Republic of Belarus; Jean-Christophe Rostaing, Air Liquide R&D, Paris, France 3:00 PM Break 3:30 PM Statistical Considerations for Adiabatic Compression Testing Barry Newton, WHA International, Inc, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA 4:00 PM Evaluation of Containment Boxes as a Fire Mitigation Method in Elevated Oxygen Conditions Alfredo Juarez, Jacobs Technology, Inc., Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; Susana A, Harper, NASA White Sands Test Facility, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; Horacio Perez, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Houston Texas, USA 4:30 PM Oxygen Cleaning Verification Uncertainty Analysis [Presentation Only – No Paper Submitted] Wallace Foster, Nic Linley, Jared Hooser, Bradley Forsyth, Gwenael Chiffoleau and Barry Newton, WHA International, Inc, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA

THURSDAY, APRIL 14, 2016 (Times will be flexible to correspond to ASTM Meet-and-Greet Break times)

8:00 AM Fatal Accident from an Oxygen Fire at an Indian Steel Plant in 2012: Unresolved Questions Kanchan Chowdhury, Cryogenic Engineering Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India 9:00 AM Auto Ignition Temperature Test Chamber Fire Investigation Jonathan M. Tylka, Stephen F. Peralta and Timothy D. Gallus, NASA White Sands Test Facility, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA 9:30 AM Investigation of a Fire in a Liquid Oxygen Bulk Delivery Tank Barry Newton, WHA International, Inc, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; John L. Schumacher, AEI Corporation, Littleton, Colorado USA 10:00 AM Break

10:30 AM Failure Analysis of a Liquid Oxygen Gate Valve Fire Gwenael Chiffoleau, Elliot Forsyth and Barry Newton, WHA International, Inc, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA 11:00 AM Stainless Steel Plug Valve Incident in High Pressure Oxygen: Delrin Seat and Silicone-Based Lubrication Jared Hooser, Gwenael Chiffoleau and Barry Newton, WHA International, Inc, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA 11:30 AM Improved ASTM G72 Test Method for Ensuring Adequate Fuel to Oxidizer Ratios Alfredo Juarez, Jacobs Technology, Inc, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; Susana A, Harper, NASA White Sands Test Facility, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA 12:00 NOON LUNCH (On Your Own) 2:00 PM Oxygen Endurance Testing of Oxygen Cylinder Valves Thomas Kasch, Christian Binder, Nico Treisch, Marko Szypkowski, and Andreas Woitzek, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing), Berlin, Germany 2:30 PM Promoted Ignition-Combustion Tests of Brazed Aluminum Heat Exchanger Samples in Cold Supercritical Oxygen Thomas A. McNamara, Joseph F. Million, Ravi Pahade and James White, Praxair, Inc, Tonawanda, New York, USA 3:00 PM Break 3:30 PM A Method of Autogenous Ignition Temperature Determination of Metal Using Induction Heating Stephen F. Peralta, Joel M. Stoltzfus and Timothy D. Gallus, NASA White Sands Test Facility, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA 4:00 PM Autogenous Ignition Test Approach for Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO2) and Other Low-Pressure Oxygen Applications Gwenael Chiffoleau and Barry Newton, WHA International, Inc, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; Richard Barry, Healogics, Inc, Jacksonville, Florida, USA 7:00 PM Symposium Dinner [Crockett Room in the Towers of the Americas] Why Ensuring Compliance is Critical to the Fire-Safety of Oxygen Systems: Tales from the Dark Side Theodore A. Steinberg, Professor, Queensland University of Technology and Symposium Co-Chair, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

FRIDAY, APRIL 15, 2016 (Times will be flexible to correspond to ASTM Meet-and-Greet Break times)

8:00 AM Results of the Test Program for Replacement of AK-225G Solvent for Cleaning NASA Propulsion Oxygen Systems Nikki M. Lowrey, Jacobs Technology, Inc, Huntsville, Alabama USA; Mark A. Mitchell, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, USA 9:00 AM NASA Independent Assessment of Ambient Pressure Liquid Oxygen (LOX) Impact Testing of Halogenated Solvents H. Richard Ross, A2 Research Corporation, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, USA; Steven J. Gentz, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, USA 10:00 AM Break 10:30 AM An Improved Approach for Analyzing the Oxygen Compatibility of Solvents and other Oxygen-Flammable Materials in Oxygen Use Susana A. Harper, Stephen F. Peralta, Christina Pina-Arpin and Harold Beeson, NASA White Sands Test Facility, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; Alfredo Juarez, Jacobs Technology, Inc, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA 11:00 AM Evaluation of a Near-Adiabatic Compression Process to Increase Fire Safety within Oxygen Systems, Focusing on Non-Metals Maria Ryan and Theodore A. Steinberg, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Barry Newton, WHA International, Inc, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA 11:30 AM Oxygen Partial Pressure and Oxygen Concentration Flammability: Can They Be Correlated? Susana A. Harper and Harold Beeson, NASA White Sands Test Facility, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; Alfredo Juarez and David Hirsch, Jacobs Technology, Inc, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; Horacio Perez, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Houston Texas, USA 12:00 NOON Closing Remarks and Adjournment of Symposium Davis/Steinberg