SUBMITTED BY:-

AKASH KUMAR

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

TOPIC:- FOUNDATION

A foundation is the lowest and supporting layer of a structure.

A Foundation is that part of the structure which is in direct contact with the ground.

Function of a foundation is to transfer the structural loads from a building safely into the ground.

WHAT IS FOUNDATION

It is increases stability of structure by taking the structure deep into the ground.

Foundation are generally built of Bricks, Stones, Concrete, Steel etc.

MAJOR BUILDING PARTS

Superstructure

Substructure

Foundation

Soil typeSite condition (topography/slope, water content/flood plain)

Type of construction.

Economic and other constructional considerations.

Type of building.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHOICE

OF FOUNDTION

Foundations are generally divided into two categories: shallow foundations and deep foundations.

1.SHALLOW FOUNDATION

2.DEEP FUNDATION

TYPE OF FOUNDATION

Most shallow foundations are simple concrete footings. A column footing is a square block of concrete, with or without steel reinforcing.

1. WALL FOOTING2. ISOLATED FOOTING3. COMBINED FOOTING4. SQUAR FOOTING 5. CIRCULER FOOTING

6. CONTINUOUS FOOTING7. STRAP OR CANTILEVER FOOTINDG8. GRILLAGE FOOTING9. RAFT FOUNDATION

SHALLOW FOUNDATION

A deep foundation is used to transfer the load of a structure down through the upper weak layer of topsoil to the stronger layer of subsoil below

These foundation carry load from a structure through weak compressible soil.

PILE FOUNDATION

DEEP FOUNDATION

These footing can be either simple or Stepped.

Simple footing are used for light structures.

WALL FOOTING

PCC BAD

SECTION

They can be used to supported individual columns.

They can be either of stepped type. In case of heavy loaded columns, steel

reinforcement is provided in both the direction in concrete bed.

ISOLATED FOOTING

PLAN PLAN PLAN

PCC BED

ISOLATED FOOTING

PCC BED

ISOLATED FOOTING

A combined footing supporting two or more columns in a row.

The combined footing can be rectangular an shape if both the column carry equal loads or can be trapezoidal if there are space limitation and they carry unequal load.

COMBINED FOOTING

COMBINED

FOOTING

PLAN

SECTION SECTION

PLAN

COMBINED RECTANGULA

FOOTING

COMBINED TRAPEZOIDALFOOTING

SQUAR & CIRCULAR FOOTING

In this type of footing a single continuous R.C. slab is provided as foundation of two or more columns in a row.

CONTINUOUS FOOTING

Strap footing consists of two or more individual footing connected by a beam called a strap.

STRAP OR CANTILEVER FOOTING

TYPICAL DETAILS OF A COLUMN FOOTING

This type of foundation is used to transmit heavy load from steel columns to the soil having bearing power.

Grillage footing is made up rolled steel joist known as grillage beams provided in single or double tier.

This type of arrangement avoid deep excavation and provides necessary area.

GRILLAGE FOUNDATION

GRILLAGE FOUNDATION

A raft or Mat is a combined footing that covers the entire area beneath a structure and supports all the columns.

Raft foundation consists of thick reinforced concrete slab covering the entire area of bottom of structure like a floor.

RAFT FOUNDATION

RAFT FOUNDATION

RAFT FOUNDATION

The pile foundation is a construction supported on piles.

Pile foundation may be defined as a column support type of foundation which may be cast or precast.

PILE FOUNDATION

GL

Pile material Steel; H- piles, Steel pipe Concrete; Site cast or Precast Wood; Timber Composite

BUILDING CONSTRUCTIN TEXT BOOK- SP BINDRA

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TEXT BOOK- BC PUNIA

www.thecostructioncivil.org

BIBLIOGRAPHY