foss4g as a viable option for ngis r&d in korea

8th, Nov 2012 FOSS4G 2012 Osaka Keynote Presentation Representative of OSGeo Korean Chapter Shin, Sanghee([email protected])

Open Source GIS – A Viable Option for NGIS R&D in Korea

한국어 지부

OSGeo Korean Chapter Shin, Sanghee([email protected]) 2

0. Notes

§  Many parts of this presentation contains the results of research titled “Strategies on Building the Platform for GeoSpatial Information Technology Development: Based on Open Source Thinking”

§  This presentation does not necessarily reflect Korean government’s views or policies toward NGIS R&D in Korea

§  In this presentation, National R&D will be regarded as a part of NIS(National Innovation System)


1. What is National R&D?

“ ”

Increasing the fluidity of technology and informa7on flows among people, enterprises and ins7tu7ons.

è To enhance the innovative performance and overall competitiveness in a country.

• Source : “National Innovation Systems”, 1997, OECD.


2. Understanding R&D Circumstances

R&D Process

Inputs -  R&D Funds -  Human

Resources

Outputs -  Patents -  Publications

è ‘Linear Model of Innovation’ that more focus on Inputs & Outputs.

§  Traditional Approach



§  Traditional Linear Approach

Linear Model

Basic Research

Explore New Ideas

Idea Evaluation

Design, Develop,

Test Producing Marketing

R&D Characteristics

High Cost Uncertainty

High Risk



§  Low R&D Success Rate

Total R&D Investment 100%

Failed R&D 60% Commercialized R&D 40%

Profitable 60%

Non-Profitable 40%

§ Only 40% of R&D Projects is commercialized in spite of high R&D investment

§  In total only 24% of R&D Projects make a penny § R&D success rate has continuously been lowered down due to

shortened life cycle of products & technology



§  R&D Cost Curve

• Source : Osawa and Miyazaki, 2006

R&D Valley of Death Sea of Darwin



§  Changes on R&D Model

Universities

National R&D

Center Enterprises

R&D Process

è Interactions among actors involved in technology development are as important as investments in R&D



§  Changes on R&D Model

Research Development

Research

Development Business

From traditional R&D model

To D&B Model

Connect

Business


3. Innovation Models

§  Closed Innovation

Technology Innovation

New Technology

New Product

Revenue & Profit

Increase

Increased R&D

Investment

Inside R&D Ecosystem

• Source : Henry Chesbrough, 2003


§  Closed Innovation

Closed

Leverage own knowledge

§ Designed and developed by nation inside or firm inside

§ Leverage inside knowledge, intellectual property, experiences

§ Idling knowledge, limitations of leveraging outside knowledge

In-House Development

è What if outcomes of long R&D could not meet fast changing market needs?



§  7 Challenges in 21st Century

Technology Oversupply

Market Uncertainty

Global Competition

Everybody Innovates

Technology Paradox

Doing More with Less

Economic Recession



§  Open Innovation

End of Knowledge Monopoly Era 1

Mobility of Skilled Person & Technology 2

Increased R&D Cost and Shortened Life Cycle 3

• Source : Henry Chesbrough, 2003




Internal Resources

External Resources

Quick & Efficient

Development

è  Leverage smart people inside & outside of the nation!




Open

Leverage others knowledge too

§ Designed and developed with other outside partners

§ Inside knowledge + outside knowledge

§ Cost reduction, increase innovation capabilities, shortened response time to market change

Collaborative Development

è So, how to apply open innovation to National R&D while keeping a National interest?



4. Korean Cases

§  National GIS R&D Investment by NGIS Plan

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

In Million KRW

1st NGIS : 18.5M US$

2nd NGIS : 20.0M US$

3rd NGIS : 144.7M US$

Total 183.2M US$

è Vision : Development of world class GeoSpatial technology and new growth engine


4. Korean Cases

§  Goal of Technology Development at each NGIS Phase

Phase I - Mapping Technology - DBMS Technology - General GIS SW

Phase II - 3D GIS - High Resolution Remote Sensing SW

Phase III - Intelligent Land Information SW - Ubiquitous GIS


4. Korean Cases

§  Projects & Outcomes of Technology Development at NGIS Phase I

Title Period Institution in Charge

1. DBMS Independent GIS Basic S/W - GIS API Development - GIS Analysis S/W Development - GIS Operation S/W Development - GIS User Interface Technology Development

1995 ~

1999

Ministry of Science and Technology

2. Mapping Technology Development - Data acquisition and modification S/W development - Data processing and three-dimensional topographic S/W development - Map printing and map design automation S/W development

3. DB Tool - Spatial object management system development - Spatial object storage system development - RDBMS Interface development - OODBMS Interface development

4. GIS System Integration - System integration development - GIS advanced technology monitoring and spread - Public facility management GIS application software development - GIS data editing and integrated management technology development - Internet environment three-dimensional spatial analysis S/W development


4. Korean Cases

§  Projects & Outcomes of Technology Development at NGIS Phase II


1. Open GIS component technology development 1999~ 2001

Ministry of Information

and Telecommunic

ation

2. 3-dimensional GIS S/W technology development 2000~ 2002

3. High-precision satellite image processing technology development 2001~ 2003

4. Spatial information(4S)-connected technology support business 2001~ 2003

5. Multi-sensor spatial image information integration technology development 2004~ 2006


4. Korean Cases

§  Projects & Outcomes of Technology Development at NGIS Phase III


1. Spatial information infrastructure innovation

2006 ~

2010

Ministry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affairs

2. Real-time territory monitoring

3. Establishment of intelligent urban space information infrastructure

4. Realization of safe and convenient construction space

5. Induction of u-GIS standard and technology


4. Korean Cases

§  Applied Strategies to Develop GeoSpatial Technology

GeoSpatial Technology

Development

1. Utilizing Foreign Technology

2. Develop Own Technology

3. Mid Entry Strategy

: ESRI, Intergraph, Etc.

: Mapping, DBMS, Etc

: Purchasing GOTHIC SW

è Still around 70% of Korean GIS market is dominated by foreign technologies and little world class technologies!!


4. Korean Cases

§  Ideal NGIS R&D Model

Government

Company Research Inst. University

Research Fund RoyalEes

Market & Customers

Products & Tech Selling Revenue & Profits


4. Korean Cases

§  Realities

Products R&D Success NGIS R&D

Products R&D Market Success NGIS R&D

R&D R&D

R&D

R&D

Lack of interactions

Source & documents only

Repeated development, test

• Source : Prof. Kwangwoo Nam, 2012

Market


4. Korean Cases

§  Under Performances

Government

Research Institute

University Company

X X Lack of flow Lack of flow

Hard to find outcomes of R&D

No update & further development after R&D

GeoSpatial Market – What market should we target?

Short-term based


4. Korean Cases

§  Questions Raised

Q01 Haven’t we tried to develop all the technologies by ourselves so far?

è  What if we applied Google’s Android model to NGIS R&D?


4. Korean Cases


Q02 How to rejuvenate the stopped development for the people in need?

è  Let’s pull out the source codes from the shelf!!


4. Korean Cases


è  Need to consider ‘Select & Focus’ strategy.

Q03 Can we hit multiple targets at the same time?


4. Korean Cases

§  Implications from Korean Cases

Closed R&D System - Try to develop almost all the technologies by itself.

1

University & Research Inst. Centric - Heavily rely on traditional linear downstream R&D model.

Ambiguous R&D Goal -  Not clear whether it is R&D or D&B. Need to set clear goal.

2

3

Need to leverage outside technology and resources to respond to fast changing market situations.

Need to engage more enterprises’ request and enterprise itself in development system.

Need to address R&D and D&B separately. R&D for basic research and D&B for commercialization.

Implications

Need to set up platform to increase the flow of knowledge and dissemination of technology during & after R&D.

Hard to Reuse R&D Outcomes -  After R&D project period, finding & reusing R&D outcomes is difficult.

4


5. Strategies

§  Basic Concepts

Inside-Out Strategy

Outside-In Strategy

Select & Focus Strategy


5. Strategies

§  Inside-Out Strategy

Inside-Out Strategy

Change previous R&D outcomes to open source

Need to Start Open Source Based R&D

1

2

§ Encourage to change previous R&D outcomes to ‘Dual License’ based open source § Let the technology flow to the people in need § ‘Technology in the Shelf’ doesn’t create any value

§ Approach open source as a disruptive innovation § Participate in international open source GIS activities and lead the communities § This will increase the quality and interactions among actors!


5. Strategies

§  Outside-In Strategy

Korean Situations • Limited human resources

• Limited R&D funds

• Small & medium size GIS companies

• Unable to target all the fields

• High dependency on proprietary GIS

Open Source GIS Strategies • Internalize the outside resources

• Active adoption of Open Source GIS

• Reduce GIS SW cost using Open Source GIS

• Targeting professional fields

• Reduce the dependency on proprietary GIS

Outside-In Strategy


5. Strategies

§  Select & Focus Strategy

Targeting Cutting-Edge Technology - From Catch-up to Leap-frogging

1


Niche Market Strategy - Not only technology create values

2

Clear Discrimination between R&D, D&B - Need to increase the commercialization capabilities

3

More Business Centric Policy Needed - Growth of business will create the virtuous circle of NGIS R&D

4

Consider not only R&D itself but D&B as well!!

OSGeo Korean Chapter Shin, Sanghee([email protected])

World

R&D Inst.

Firms

34

5. Strategies

§  Proposed R&D System

NGIS R&D Infrastructure

Open Source Thinking(Open/Share/Participation)

Select & Focus Govnt

Outside-In Inside-Out

NGIS R&D Activities


6. Conclusions

• Need to consider fast changing market & customers needs

• Not future prediction, but increasing adaptabilities Open Innovation

Strategy

• Rejuvenate sleeping technology by changing it to open source

• Let the technology flow to the people in need Inside-Out Strategy

• Need to actively embrace the open source GIS technology

• Internalize the outside high-performance resources Outside-In Strategy

• Changing strategy from catch-up to leap-frogging

• Need to target cutting-edge technology that could leverage hidden assets

• Need to discriminate R&D and D&B

• Every country has its own unique invisible assets


Thank you!!

Q&A