forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ ncsu libraries charley pennell ncsu libraries...
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Forward to the past :Forward to the past :resurrecting faceted searchresurrecting faceted search
@ NCSU Libraries@ NCSU Libraries
Charley PennellCharley PennellNCSU LibrariesNCSU Libraries
North Carolina State UniversityNorth Carolina State [email protected]@gmail.com
ALCTS Authority Control Interest GroupALCTS Authority Control Interest GroupALA Annual, June 2007ALA Annual, June 2007
Progenitors: Catalog search Progenitors: Catalog search limits limits
Progenitors: Commercial Web Progenitors: Commercial Web search sitessearch sites
Faceting at the NCSU Faceting at the NCSU LibrariesLibraries
► Follows on what we have learned from the Follows on what we have learned from the commercial Web search modelcommercial Web search model
► Mines metadata already available via MARC Mines metadata already available via MARC record, local class number, ILS item record, local class number, ILS item categories, circ status, and date stampingcategories, circ status, and date stamping
► Required massive clean-up of 6xx Required massive clean-up of 6xx subdivisionssubdivisions
► Allows both pre- and post-coordinate limitsAllows both pre- and post-coordinate limits► Uses table mapping to enable drilling down Uses table mapping to enable drilling down
through call number resultsthrough call number results► Has been well-received by patrons and staffHas been well-received by patrons and staff
Facets available in NCSU Facets available in NCSU implementation of Endeca & their implementation of Endeca & their
sourcessourcesMARC bib recordMARC bib record
► Subject: Topic (6x0$a$x, Subject: Topic (6x0$a$x, 611$a$x, 650$a$x)611$a$x, 650$a$x)
► Subject: Genre (6xx$v, Subject: Genre (6xx$v, 655)655)
► Subject: Region (650$z, Subject: Region (650$z, 651$a$z)651$a$z)
► Subject: Era (650$y, Subject: Era (650$y, 651$y)651$y)
► Language (008/35-37, Language (008/35-37, 041$a)041$a)
► Author (1xx, 7xx)Author (1xx, 7xx)► New titles (909)New titles (909)
Call number/Item Call number/Item recordrecord
► Format (Record format, Format (Record format, Item type, Library)Item type, Library)
► Library (Library)Library (Library)► Call number range (Call Call number range (Call
number)number)► Availability Availability
(Location=Charged out)(Location=Charged out)
Facet usage statisticsFacet usage statisticsMay 2007May 2007
Requests by Search Type (May 2006)
Search 48%
Navigation 22%
Search -> Navigation
30%
Facet usage statistics 2Facet usage statistics 2May 2006May 2006
Navigation Requests by Dimension (May 2006)
30,612
15,746
17,443
24,096
30,686
30,177
25,067
59,478
59,335
9,350
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000
Author
Language
Subject: Era
Subject: Region
Library
Format
Subject: Genre
Subject: Topic
LC Classification
Availability
Requests
Facet usage statistics 3Facet usage statistics 3May 2007May 2007
Navigation by Dimensions (May 2006)
LC Classification19%
Library10%
Author10%
Format10%
Subject: Genre8%
Subject: Region8%
Availability3%
Subject: Topic18%
New3%Language
5%Subject: Era
6%
Facet usage statistics 4Facet usage statistics 4May 2007 – top facet selectionsMay 2007 – top facet selections
Dimension Dimension ValueValue RequestsRequests
NewNew NEWNEW 10,62510,625
AvailabilityAvailability AvailableAvailable 9,3509,350
FormatFormat BookBook 8,8248,824
FormatFormat eBookeBook 8,3488,348
LanguageLanguage EnglishEnglish 7,7737,773
LibraryLibrary D.H. HillD.H. Hill 7,2297,229
Subject: RegionSubject: Region United StatesUnited States 6,3236,323
LibraryLibrary Online ResourcesOnline Resources 4,6754,675
Subject: TopicSubject: Topic HistoryHistory 4,4624,462
LC ClassificationLC Classification T - TechnologyT - Technology 4,4094,409
Subject: EraSubject: Era Revolution 1775-1783Revolution 1775-1783 4,0504,050
LibraryLibrary Satellite ShelvingSatellite Shelving 4,0264,026
Subject: GenreSubject: Genre Early works to 1800Early works to 1800 3,7933,793
Subject: TopicSubject: Topic ManagementManagement 3,7733,773
LC ClassificationLC Classification H - Social SciencesH - Social Sciences 3,2853,285
Subject: GenreSubject: Genre CongressesCongresses 3,2753,275
Subject: TopicSubject: Topic History and criticismHistory and criticism 3,1633,163
Subject: TopicSubject: Topic BioethicsBioethics 3,0923,092
Some things we have Some things we have learned in the past 18 learned in the past 18
months…months…
A single facet need not A single facet need not represent data from a single represent data from a single
fieldfield► Single Unicorn item Single Unicorn item
types (Book, Kit, types (Book, Kit, Manuscript, Map, Data Manuscript, Map, Data set)set)
► Multiple Unicorn item Multiple Unicorn item types (Audio, Microform, types (Audio, Microform, Thesis/Dissertation, Thesis/Dissertation, Software & Multimedia, Software & Multimedia, Videos)Videos)
► Leader byte 07 (Bib lvl: Leader byte 07 (Bib lvl: Journal, Magazine)Journal, Magazine)
► Library (Online)Library (Online)
Ranking facet results by number of postings Ranking facet results by number of postings makes sense in a short list, but not in a long makes sense in a short list, but not in a long
listlist
The author facet is less useful in some The author facet is less useful in some types of searches …types of searches …
… … than others!than others!
Some users haven’t figured out Some users haven’t figured out breadcrumbsbreadcrumbs
Once you have the data out of the ILS, it Once you have the data out of the ILS, it is much easier to build Web services to is much easier to build Web services to
itit
Other Endeca library catalogsOther Endeca library catalogs
►Phoenix Public Library: Phoenix Public Library: http://www.phoenixpubliclibrary.org/http://www.phoenixpubliclibrary.org/
►McMaster University: McMaster University: http://libcat.mcmaster.cahttp://libcat.mcmaster.ca
►Florida Center for Library Automation Florida Center for Library Automation http://catalog.fcla.edu/http://catalog.fcla.edu/
► Individual Florida universities Individual Florida universities http://fs.catalog.fcla.edu/http://fs.catalog.fcla.edu/, etc., etc.
Endeca and Authority ControlEndeca and Authority Control
► Endeca is a keyword search engine; “browse” Endeca is a keyword search engine; “browse” can only be effected using sort optionscan only be effected using sort options
► There is no authority control within Endeca There is no authority control within Endeca itself, rather it relies on AC within ILSitself, rather it relies on AC within ILS
► To make use of available metadata, subjects To make use of available metadata, subjects were split along subdivisions. Authors were notwere split along subdivisions. Authors were not
► Talks were held with the vendor to explain the Talks were held with the vendor to explain the potential for drawing on authority x-refs to potential for drawing on authority x-refs to collocate searchescollocate searches
NCSU Endeca subject facetsNCSU Endeca subject facets
►Problems with wrong delimiter values Problems with wrong delimiter values (esp. $v)(esp. $v)
►Problems with contextProblems with context►Hierarchical problemsHierarchical problems►Potential solutionsPotential solutions
Problems with contextProblems with context
►One-way relationshipsOne-way relationships Canada$xRelations$zUnited StatesCanada$xRelations$zUnited States English language$vDictionaries$xSpanishEnglish language$vDictionaries$xSpanish
► Chronological headings devoid of geographic Chronological headings devoid of geographic contextcontext Cuba$xHistory$yRevolution, 1959Cuba$xHistory$yRevolution, 1959 United States$xEconomic conditions$y1918-1945.United States$xEconomic conditions$y1918-1945.
► Phrase headings expressed in multiple Phrase headings expressed in multiple subdivisionssubdivisions Prisoners$xAbuse ofPrisoners$xAbuse of
► Thomas Mann: scope-match cataloging vs. Thomas Mann: scope-match cataloging vs. keywordkeyword
Hierarchical problemsHierarchical problems
► Chronological hierarchy not built into $y (where is Chronological hierarchy not built into $y (where is 045 when you need it?)045 when you need it?) ““1919thth century” does not subsume 1800-1809, 1801-1861, 1809- century” does not subsume 1800-1809, 1801-1861, 1809-
1817, 1815-1861, 1817-1825, Civil War, 1861-1865, etc.1817, 1815-1861, 1817-1825, Civil War, 1861-1865, etc. Geological periods exist as text only (Ordovician, Pleistocene, Geological periods exist as text only (Ordovician, Pleistocene,
etc.)etc.)► Some chronological headings are expressed as text Some chronological headings are expressed as text
in 650$ain 650$a Middle AgesMiddle Ages Nineteen sixtiesNineteen sixties
► Geographic hierarchy not consistent between 651 Geographic hierarchy not consistent between 651 and 650 (where is 043 when you need it?)and 650 (where is 043 when you need it?) $zNorth Carolina$zRaleigh$zNorth Carolina$zRaleigh $aRaleigh (N.C.)$aRaleigh (N.C.)
► BT/NT/RT relationships from authority file lackingBT/NT/RT relationships from authority file lacking
Some potential solutionsSome potential solutions
►Search behavior educationSearch behavior education►FASTFAST►Web2 x-refs to redirect searches to Web2 x-refs to redirect searches to
EndecaEndeca►Combining $z hierarchiesCombining $z hierarchies►Hierarchy listsHierarchy lists
LC classification outlineLC classification outline433433
11 QQ ScienceScience 00
43343322 QQ 11 390390 Science (General)Science (General) 11
43343333 QQ 11 295295 GeneralGeneral 22
43343344 QQ 300300 390390 CyberneticsCybernetics 22
43343355 QQ 350350 390390 Information theoryInformation theory 33
43343366 QAQA 11 939939 MathematicsMathematics 11
43343377 QAQA 11 4343 GeneralGeneral 22
43343388 QAQA 4747 5959 TablesTables 22
43343399 QAQA 7171 9090 Instruments and machinesInstruments and machines 22
43443400 QAQA 7575 76.9576.95 Calculating machinesCalculating machines 33
43443411 QAQA 75.575.5 76.9576.95 Electronic computers. Computer scienceElectronic computers. Computer science 44
43443422 QAQA 76.7576.75
76.7676.7655 Computer softwareComputer software 55
43443433 QAQA 101101 141.8141.8 Elementary mathematics. ArithmeticElementary mathematics. Arithmetic 22
43443444 QAQA 150150 272.5272.5 AlgebraAlgebra 22
43443455 QAQA 273273 280280 Probabilities. Mathematical statisticsProbabilities. Mathematical statistics 22
43443466 QAQA 299.6299.6 433433 AnalysisAnalysis 22
43443477 QAQA 303303 316316 CalculusCalculus 33
43443488 QAQA 440440 699699 Geometry. Trigonometry. TopologyGeometry. Trigonometry. Topology 22
43443499 QAQA 801801 939939 Analytic mechanicsAnalytic mechanics 22
43543500 QBQB 11 991991 AstronomyAstronomy 11
43543511 QBQB 11 139139 GeneralGeneral 22
43543522 QBQB 140140 237237 Practical and spherical astronomyPractical and spherical astronomy 22
43543533 QBQB 275275 343343 GeodesyGeodesy 22
43543544 QBQB 349349 421421 Theoretical astronomy and celestial mechanicsTheoretical astronomy and celestial mechanics 22
43543555 QBQB 455455 456456 AstrogelogyAstrogelogy 22
43543566 QBQB 460460 466466 AstrophysicsAstrophysics 22
43543577 QBQB 468468 480480 Non-optical methods of astronomyNon-optical methods of astronomy 22
McMaster’s geographic hierarchyMcMaster’s geographic hierarchyNorth America North America
Canada Canada
Alberta Alberta
British Columbia British Columbia
Vancouver Vancouver
Manitoba Manitoba
New Brunswick New Brunswick
Newfoundland Newfoundland
Northwest Territories Northwest Territories
Nova Scotia Nova Scotia
Nunavut Nunavut
Ontario Ontario
HamiltonHamilton
OttawaOttawa
Toronto Toronto
Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island
Quebec (Province)Quebec (Province)
Montreal (Quebec)Montreal (Quebec)
Saskatchewan Saskatchewan
Yukon Territory Yukon Territory
Greenland Greenland
Mexico Mexico
United States United States
NCSU Endeca author facetNCSU Endeca author facet
►Positioned at the bottom of facet Positioned at the bottom of facet column because its utility was column because its utility was questionable in many circumstancesquestionable in many circumstances
►Entire 1xx/7xx string usedEntire 1xx/7xx string used►No hierarchical relationship between No hierarchical relationship between
corporate body and its subunitscorporate body and its subunits►No cross-reference structureNo cross-reference structure
Future directionsFuture directions
► Additional hierarchies (geographic names, Additional hierarchies (geographic names, dates)dates)
► Make use of NAF, SAF, particularly cross-Make use of NAF, SAF, particularly cross-reference structurereference structure
► Massage underlying metadataMassage underlying metadata Addition of Date CatalogedAddition of Date Cataloged Addition of LC Class numbers to e-resourcesAddition of LC Class numbers to e-resources FRBR work numbers/records?FRBR work numbers/records? FAST headings?FAST headings?
► Accommodation of true browse for all indexesAccommodation of true browse for all indexes
More informationMore information
NCSU Libraries Endeca Website:NCSU Libraries Endeca Website:
http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/endeca/http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/endeca/
When we make materials available, or when When we make materials available, or when we make them more available than they we make them more available than they have been in the past, we aren't just have been in the past, we aren't just providing more service -- we are actually providing more service -- we are actually changing what knowledge will be created. changing what knowledge will be created. We tend to pay attention to what we are We tend to pay attention to what we are making available, but not to think about how making available, but not to think about how differing availability differing availability affects the work of our affects the work of our users. -- Karen Coyle, Coyle’s Information users. -- Karen Coyle, Coyle’s Information [kcoyle.blogspot.com], March 19, 2007[kcoyle.blogspot.com], March 19, 2007