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Forward to the past : Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted resurrecting faceted search search @ NCSU Libraries @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University North Carolina State University [email protected] [email protected] ALCTS Authority Control Interest Group ALCTS Authority Control Interest Group ALA Annual, June 2007 ALA Annual, June 2007

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Page 1: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Forward to the past :Forward to the past :resurrecting faceted searchresurrecting faceted search

@ NCSU Libraries@ NCSU Libraries

Charley PennellCharley PennellNCSU LibrariesNCSU Libraries

North Carolina State UniversityNorth Carolina State [email protected]@gmail.com

ALCTS Authority Control Interest GroupALCTS Authority Control Interest GroupALA Annual, June 2007ALA Annual, June 2007

Page 2: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Progenitors: Catalog search Progenitors: Catalog search limits limits

Page 3: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com
Page 4: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Progenitors: Commercial Web Progenitors: Commercial Web search sitessearch sites

Page 5: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Faceting at the NCSU Faceting at the NCSU LibrariesLibraries

► Follows on what we have learned from the Follows on what we have learned from the commercial Web search modelcommercial Web search model

► Mines metadata already available via MARC Mines metadata already available via MARC record, local class number, ILS item record, local class number, ILS item categories, circ status, and date stampingcategories, circ status, and date stamping

► Required massive clean-up of 6xx Required massive clean-up of 6xx subdivisionssubdivisions

► Allows both pre- and post-coordinate limitsAllows both pre- and post-coordinate limits► Uses table mapping to enable drilling down Uses table mapping to enable drilling down

through call number resultsthrough call number results► Has been well-received by patrons and staffHas been well-received by patrons and staff

Page 6: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Facets available in NCSU Facets available in NCSU implementation of Endeca & their implementation of Endeca & their

sourcessourcesMARC bib recordMARC bib record

► Subject: Topic (6x0$a$x, Subject: Topic (6x0$a$x, 611$a$x, 650$a$x)611$a$x, 650$a$x)

► Subject: Genre (6xx$v, Subject: Genre (6xx$v, 655)655)

► Subject: Region (650$z, Subject: Region (650$z, 651$a$z)651$a$z)

► Subject: Era (650$y, Subject: Era (650$y, 651$y)651$y)

► Language (008/35-37, Language (008/35-37, 041$a)041$a)

► Author (1xx, 7xx)Author (1xx, 7xx)► New titles (909)New titles (909)

Call number/Item Call number/Item recordrecord

► Format (Record format, Format (Record format, Item type, Library)Item type, Library)

► Library (Library)Library (Library)► Call number range (Call Call number range (Call

number)number)► Availability Availability

(Location=Charged out)(Location=Charged out)

Page 7: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Facet usage statisticsFacet usage statisticsMay 2007May 2007

Requests by Search Type (May 2006)

Search 48%

Navigation 22%

Search -> Navigation

30%

Page 8: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Facet usage statistics 2Facet usage statistics 2May 2006May 2006

Navigation Requests by Dimension (May 2006)

30,612

15,746

17,443

24,096

30,686

30,177

25,067

59,478

59,335

9,350

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000

Author

Language

Subject: Era

Subject: Region

Library

Format

Subject: Genre

Subject: Topic

LC Classification

Availability

Requests

Page 9: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Facet usage statistics 3Facet usage statistics 3May 2007May 2007

Navigation by Dimensions (May 2006)

LC Classification19%

Library10%

Author10%

Format10%

Subject: Genre8%

Subject: Region8%

Availability3%

Subject: Topic18%

New3%Language

5%Subject: Era

6%

Page 10: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Facet usage statistics 4Facet usage statistics 4May 2007 – top facet selectionsMay 2007 – top facet selections

Dimension Dimension ValueValue RequestsRequests

NewNew NEWNEW 10,62510,625

AvailabilityAvailability AvailableAvailable 9,3509,350

FormatFormat BookBook 8,8248,824

FormatFormat eBookeBook 8,3488,348

LanguageLanguage EnglishEnglish 7,7737,773

LibraryLibrary D.H. HillD.H. Hill 7,2297,229

Subject: RegionSubject: Region United StatesUnited States 6,3236,323

LibraryLibrary Online ResourcesOnline Resources 4,6754,675

Subject: TopicSubject: Topic HistoryHistory 4,4624,462

LC ClassificationLC Classification T - TechnologyT - Technology 4,4094,409

Subject: EraSubject: Era Revolution 1775-1783Revolution 1775-1783 4,0504,050

LibraryLibrary Satellite ShelvingSatellite Shelving 4,0264,026

Subject: GenreSubject: Genre Early works to 1800Early works to 1800 3,7933,793

Subject: TopicSubject: Topic ManagementManagement 3,7733,773

LC ClassificationLC Classification H - Social SciencesH - Social Sciences 3,2853,285

Subject: GenreSubject: Genre CongressesCongresses 3,2753,275

Subject: TopicSubject: Topic History and criticismHistory and criticism 3,1633,163

Subject: TopicSubject: Topic BioethicsBioethics 3,0923,092

Page 11: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Some things we have Some things we have learned in the past 18 learned in the past 18

months…months…

Page 12: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

A single facet need not A single facet need not represent data from a single represent data from a single

fieldfield► Single Unicorn item Single Unicorn item

types (Book, Kit, types (Book, Kit, Manuscript, Map, Data Manuscript, Map, Data set)set)

► Multiple Unicorn item Multiple Unicorn item types (Audio, Microform, types (Audio, Microform, Thesis/Dissertation, Thesis/Dissertation, Software & Multimedia, Software & Multimedia, Videos)Videos)

► Leader byte 07 (Bib lvl: Leader byte 07 (Bib lvl: Journal, Magazine)Journal, Magazine)

► Library (Online)Library (Online)

Page 13: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Ranking facet results by number of postings Ranking facet results by number of postings makes sense in a short list, but not in a long makes sense in a short list, but not in a long

listlist

Page 14: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

The author facet is less useful in some The author facet is less useful in some types of searches …types of searches …

Page 15: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

… … than others!than others!

Page 16: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Some users haven’t figured out Some users haven’t figured out breadcrumbsbreadcrumbs

Page 17: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Once you have the data out of the ILS, it Once you have the data out of the ILS, it is much easier to build Web services to is much easier to build Web services to

itit

Page 18: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Other Endeca library catalogsOther Endeca library catalogs

►Phoenix Public Library: Phoenix Public Library: http://www.phoenixpubliclibrary.org/http://www.phoenixpubliclibrary.org/

►McMaster University: McMaster University: http://libcat.mcmaster.cahttp://libcat.mcmaster.ca

►Florida Center for Library Automation Florida Center for Library Automation http://catalog.fcla.edu/http://catalog.fcla.edu/

► Individual Florida universities Individual Florida universities http://fs.catalog.fcla.edu/http://fs.catalog.fcla.edu/, etc., etc.

Page 19: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com
Page 20: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Endeca and Authority ControlEndeca and Authority Control

► Endeca is a keyword search engine; “browse” Endeca is a keyword search engine; “browse” can only be effected using sort optionscan only be effected using sort options

► There is no authority control within Endeca There is no authority control within Endeca itself, rather it relies on AC within ILSitself, rather it relies on AC within ILS

► To make use of available metadata, subjects To make use of available metadata, subjects were split along subdivisions. Authors were notwere split along subdivisions. Authors were not

► Talks were held with the vendor to explain the Talks were held with the vendor to explain the potential for drawing on authority x-refs to potential for drawing on authority x-refs to collocate searchescollocate searches

Page 21: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

NCSU Endeca subject facetsNCSU Endeca subject facets

►Problems with wrong delimiter values Problems with wrong delimiter values (esp. $v)(esp. $v)

►Problems with contextProblems with context►Hierarchical problemsHierarchical problems►Potential solutionsPotential solutions

Page 22: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Problems with contextProblems with context

►One-way relationshipsOne-way relationships Canada$xRelations$zUnited StatesCanada$xRelations$zUnited States English language$vDictionaries$xSpanishEnglish language$vDictionaries$xSpanish

► Chronological headings devoid of geographic Chronological headings devoid of geographic contextcontext Cuba$xHistory$yRevolution, 1959Cuba$xHistory$yRevolution, 1959 United States$xEconomic conditions$y1918-1945.United States$xEconomic conditions$y1918-1945.

► Phrase headings expressed in multiple Phrase headings expressed in multiple subdivisionssubdivisions Prisoners$xAbuse ofPrisoners$xAbuse of

► Thomas Mann: scope-match cataloging vs. Thomas Mann: scope-match cataloging vs. keywordkeyword

Page 23: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Hierarchical problemsHierarchical problems

► Chronological hierarchy not built into $y (where is Chronological hierarchy not built into $y (where is 045 when you need it?)045 when you need it?) ““1919thth century” does not subsume 1800-1809, 1801-1861, 1809- century” does not subsume 1800-1809, 1801-1861, 1809-

1817, 1815-1861, 1817-1825, Civil War, 1861-1865, etc.1817, 1815-1861, 1817-1825, Civil War, 1861-1865, etc. Geological periods exist as text only (Ordovician, Pleistocene, Geological periods exist as text only (Ordovician, Pleistocene,

etc.)etc.)► Some chronological headings are expressed as text Some chronological headings are expressed as text

in 650$ain 650$a Middle AgesMiddle Ages Nineteen sixtiesNineteen sixties

► Geographic hierarchy not consistent between 651 Geographic hierarchy not consistent between 651 and 650 (where is 043 when you need it?)and 650 (where is 043 when you need it?) $zNorth Carolina$zRaleigh$zNorth Carolina$zRaleigh $aRaleigh (N.C.)$aRaleigh (N.C.)

► BT/NT/RT relationships from authority file lackingBT/NT/RT relationships from authority file lacking

Page 24: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Some potential solutionsSome potential solutions

►Search behavior educationSearch behavior education►FASTFAST►Web2 x-refs to redirect searches to Web2 x-refs to redirect searches to

EndecaEndeca►Combining $z hierarchiesCombining $z hierarchies►Hierarchy listsHierarchy lists

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LC classification outlineLC classification outline433433

11 QQ ScienceScience 00

43343322 QQ 11 390390 Science (General)Science (General) 11

43343333 QQ 11 295295 GeneralGeneral 22

43343344 QQ 300300 390390 CyberneticsCybernetics 22

43343355 QQ 350350 390390 Information theoryInformation theory 33

43343366 QAQA 11 939939 MathematicsMathematics 11

43343377 QAQA 11 4343 GeneralGeneral 22

43343388 QAQA 4747 5959 TablesTables 22

43343399 QAQA 7171 9090 Instruments and machinesInstruments and machines 22

43443400 QAQA 7575 76.9576.95 Calculating machinesCalculating machines 33

43443411 QAQA 75.575.5 76.9576.95 Electronic computers. Computer scienceElectronic computers. Computer science 44

43443422 QAQA 76.7576.75

76.7676.7655 Computer softwareComputer software 55

43443433 QAQA 101101 141.8141.8 Elementary mathematics. ArithmeticElementary mathematics. Arithmetic 22

43443444 QAQA 150150 272.5272.5 AlgebraAlgebra 22

43443455 QAQA 273273 280280 Probabilities. Mathematical statisticsProbabilities. Mathematical statistics 22

43443466 QAQA 299.6299.6 433433 AnalysisAnalysis 22

43443477 QAQA 303303 316316 CalculusCalculus 33

43443488 QAQA 440440 699699 Geometry. Trigonometry. TopologyGeometry. Trigonometry. Topology 22

43443499 QAQA 801801 939939 Analytic mechanicsAnalytic mechanics 22

43543500 QBQB 11 991991 AstronomyAstronomy 11

43543511 QBQB 11 139139 GeneralGeneral 22

43543522 QBQB 140140 237237 Practical and spherical astronomyPractical and spherical astronomy 22

43543533 QBQB 275275 343343 GeodesyGeodesy 22

43543544 QBQB 349349 421421 Theoretical astronomy and celestial mechanicsTheoretical astronomy and celestial mechanics 22

43543555 QBQB 455455 456456 AstrogelogyAstrogelogy 22

43543566 QBQB 460460 466466 AstrophysicsAstrophysics 22

43543577 QBQB 468468 480480 Non-optical methods of astronomyNon-optical methods of astronomy 22

Page 26: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com
Page 27: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

McMaster’s geographic hierarchyMcMaster’s geographic hierarchyNorth America North America

Canada Canada

Alberta Alberta

British Columbia British Columbia

Vancouver Vancouver

Manitoba Manitoba

New Brunswick New Brunswick

Newfoundland Newfoundland

Northwest Territories Northwest Territories

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia

Nunavut Nunavut

Ontario Ontario

HamiltonHamilton

OttawaOttawa

Toronto Toronto

Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island

Quebec (Province)Quebec (Province)

Montreal (Quebec)Montreal (Quebec)

Saskatchewan Saskatchewan

Yukon Territory Yukon Territory

Greenland Greenland

Mexico Mexico

United States United States

Page 28: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com
Page 29: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

NCSU Endeca author facetNCSU Endeca author facet

►Positioned at the bottom of facet Positioned at the bottom of facet column because its utility was column because its utility was questionable in many circumstancesquestionable in many circumstances

►Entire 1xx/7xx string usedEntire 1xx/7xx string used►No hierarchical relationship between No hierarchical relationship between

corporate body and its subunitscorporate body and its subunits►No cross-reference structureNo cross-reference structure

Page 30: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com
Page 31: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

Future directionsFuture directions

► Additional hierarchies (geographic names, Additional hierarchies (geographic names, dates)dates)

► Make use of NAF, SAF, particularly cross-Make use of NAF, SAF, particularly cross-reference structurereference structure

► Massage underlying metadataMassage underlying metadata Addition of Date CatalogedAddition of Date Cataloged Addition of LC Class numbers to e-resourcesAddition of LC Class numbers to e-resources FRBR work numbers/records?FRBR work numbers/records? FAST headings?FAST headings?

► Accommodation of true browse for all indexesAccommodation of true browse for all indexes

Page 32: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

More informationMore information

NCSU Libraries Endeca Website:NCSU Libraries Endeca Website:

http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/endeca/http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/endeca/

Page 33: Forward to the past : resurrecting faceted search @ NCSU Libraries Charley Pennell NCSU Libraries North Carolina State University charley.pennell@gmail.com

When we make materials available, or when When we make materials available, or when we make them more available than they we make them more available than they have been in the past, we aren't just have been in the past, we aren't just providing more service -- we are actually providing more service -- we are actually changing what knowledge will be created. changing what knowledge will be created. We tend to pay attention to what we are We tend to pay attention to what we are making available, but not to think about how making available, but not to think about how differing availability differing availability affects the work of our affects the work of our users. -- Karen Coyle, Coyle’s Information users. -- Karen Coyle, Coyle’s Information [kcoyle.blogspot.com], March 19, 2007[kcoyle.blogspot.com], March 19, 2007