forward physics at the lhc - a project review risto orava helsinki institute of physics and...
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Forward Physics at the LHC
- A Project Review Risto Orava
Helsinki Institute of Physics andDepartment of Physical Sciences University of Helsinki
0.1R-ECFA Meeting in Helsinki R.Orava 26. September 2003
• Physics Goals & Bench Mark Processes• Forward Spectrometer at the LHC• Project activities at CDF/Tevatron• The Helsinki Group: Resource basis, Plans• Impact: Education, R&D• Summary
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Important part of the phase space is not covered by the baseline designs at LHC. Much of the large energy, small transverse energy particles are missed.
In the forward region (| > 5):
few particles with large energies/ small transverse momenta.
Charge flow
Energy flow
R-ECFA 26. September 2003 Risto Orava
information value low: - bulk of the particles created late in space-time
information value high: - leading particles created early in space-time
1.1
Hgap gap
b
-jet
-jet
P1’ P2’
MSSM with large tan=> 10 x SM!
MH2 = Mmissing
2
= (p1+p2-p1’-p2’)2
= Mbb2
Mmissing = O(1 GeV)
Mbb = O(10GeV) Missing Mass: accurate scan in
pp p + X + p using leading p’s
b
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Upgrade scenarios and Forward detectors - CMS & TOTEM
2.1
• Technical Proposal submitted in 1999• Technical Design Report (TDR) to be completed by End 2003• Designed to co-exist with CMS and to run with large, intermediate and low * (1500m & 18m & 0.5m)• Aims at:
• Precision measurement of tot (tot ~ 1mb)
• Elastic scattering down to -tmin ~ 10-3
• Diffractive scattering • Forward spectrometer:
• T1 & T2 for inelastics (3 < || < 7) • New collaborators: ILK Dresden, Helsinki,
Brunel, Warsaw, Prague, INFN-Genova.R-ECFA 26. September 2003 Risto Orava
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Experimental Apparatus at the LHC
Roman Pots/Microstations to measure elastic and diffractive protons
TOTEM integrated with the machine
Inelastic Detector
TOTEM integrated with CMS
Inelastic Detector
Roman Pot/Microstation
-concept
RP1 RP2 RP3 RP4
in
out
T1-T2T1-T2
2.2
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New layout of T2 - CMS/TOTEM Working Group on Diffraction
Silicon Pixel or GEM Tracker 5.0<<7.5
Electromagnetic Calorimeter
(Castor) 5.0<<7.5
Absorber
Optimized Conical Vacuum Chamber
A
A
0
10
20
30
40
50
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5
eta
X/X
o
2.3
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pp
ac
ce
pta
nc
e
RP4 (215 m)RP7 (420 m)
RP6 (340 m)RP5 (300 m)
* = 0.5 m Diffraction Dissociation (High Luminosity)
2.4
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A novel detector for measuring the leading protons - the Microstation - is designed to comply with the LHC requirements.
• A compact and light detector system • Integrated with the beam vacuum chamber • Geometry and materials compatible with the machine requirements• m accuracy in sensor movements • Si strip or pixel detector technology • Robust / reliable operation
Development in cooperation with the LHC machine groups. 2.5
Microstation - initial design
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Inner tube for rf fitting
Inch worm motor
Emergency actuator
Detector
Space for cables and cooling link
Space for encoder
6cm
Microstation: initial design
Note: A secondary vacuum is an option.
Helsinki group 2.10
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μstation, Secondary Vacuum Implementation
Detector
Beam vacuum
Secondary vacuum
2.11
Microstation: design with secondary vacuum
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Research and Development: stations
• Beam impedance, electromagnetic pick-up bench measurements, shielding.
• Alignment, mechanical stability and reliability, emergency detector retraction from the beam.
• Cooling and cryogenic system studies.• Bake-out tests, out-gassing and vacuum tests.• Study of radiation hardness of the critical components:
– motors, – connectors and feed-throughs, – flexible connections at cryogenic temperatures in vacuum.
• Detector integration, position encoders, rad hardness, r-o cables.
2.12R-ECFA 26. September 2003 Risto Orava
Validation in collaboration with the LHC machine groups(as in the case of the Velo detector/LHC-b).New collaborators from Orsay & Saclay(1st meeting 29.-30.9.-03)
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simulation tube
damping arrangement
tube ends with N-connectors
reference tube
simulation tube
2.13
Microstation – impedance measurementsThe Helsinki Group
Measurements at the Pohjois-Savo Polytechnical Institute – Microelectronics Laboratory
steel springs
rf damping in the end of the tube
signal input (1.9 mm Cu-wire)
60mm
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Detector
Support
PitchAdapter
APV25
Hybrid
CoolingPipe
Spacer
A Silicon Detector Module/Totem4.11
n n
p
p
Back plane extented to side using p-diffusiondepletion region up to p and no guard ring is requiredsignal picked by n-strip up to p-diffusion<10m dead space at the edge of the detector
p back plane
p diffusion
n strip
2.14
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• Normal strip or pad detector (with or without gr) scribed into or near active region
gr = guard ring
Active strips
Scribe line
2.15
Edgeless Si-Detectors
S. Eränen, J. Kalliopuska & T. Schulman – test structures to be manufactured at VTT/Finland
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Proton Acceptance at 215, 308 and 420 m’s
Helsinki Group/T. Mäki & K. Österberg
Acc
ep
tan
ce
MM (GeV)
0%
100%
200 400 600 800 1000
all stations together
stations at 215 and 420m
station at 215m alone
station at 420m alone
Conclusions: Acceptance from 40 GeV on, stations at 308m & 420m give 50% acceptance for 130 GeV Higgs
50%
2.17
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Missing Mass Resolution at 215, 308 and 420m’s
Helsinki Group/T. Mäki & K. Österbeg
M/M
M/M
M(GeV)
100
100 300 500 700
60 140 180
Conclusions: Stations at 308-420 m alone yield 1% M/M, All stations combined give 2% M/M for mH = 120 GeV
1%
4%
1%
3%
2.18
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Project Activities: Tevatron
• An initial phase at Tevatron (CDF Upgrade): • invaluable training ground for students • hands-on preparation for a contribution to LHC• learn about the challenges of forward physics by using real data • provide Ph.D. students and young post-docs opportunity to gain visibility in the high-energy physics community
3.1
CDF/Tevatron represents the only active – data producing –high energy physics experiment in Finland
• The first steps : • planned participation in design and construction of hybrids/fine pitch cabels for the readout of the silicon strip detectors (run IIb) - Pohjois-Savo Polytechnic • trigger development for L2 - Pohjois-Savo Polytechnic• detector performance studies (tracking and b-tagging)• physics analyses (QCD, top quark studies, …)R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava
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Project Activities: Tevatron
3.2
Prototype fine pitch cables of 64cm length for the innermost layer (L0) of the CDF silicon upgrade for
RunIIb• First trial : convential PCB production technology (not adequate !!) • Second&third trials : design/re-design on glass mask (Terapixel/Finland) and production of short cables using glass mask (Hpetch/Sweden)
• significant improvements (especially with design changes adapted to process)
tracks too wide/pads too wide
(12 + 2)m tracks
• Next step : Full length cable produced with glass mask. design re-iterated R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava
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Project Activities: LHC
• a wide range of physics and detector related aspects • intensive study on physics performance simulations continue
• define the optimal layout of the detector locations / geometry• assess physics potential (together with phenomenology groups in Durham (Khoze) & Helsinki (Chaichian & Huitu)
• R&D on the microstation concept to converge • design and construction of a fully functional prototype to validate the microstation concept (Spring 2004)
•to be carried out in collaboration with:• CMS (A. DeRoeck) on Forward Spectrometer designs• TOTEM (K. Eggert) on Roman Pots/microstations, on Cryogenic Si-detectors (V.Palmieri), on edgeless Si-detectors (S. Parker, C. DaVia, VTT, Polytechnics)3.3
LHC: gluon factory with a factor ~40 enhancement in gluon-gluon luminosity (compared to Tevatron) forward physics offers clean environment for new physics, complementary to base line program
R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava
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The Helsinki Group - CompositionMember Position Experience Task Funding(-
03)
Avati V. PhD student Totem beam simulation HIP2
Bergholm V.1 PhD student summer student simulaton/tests grad.school2
Cwetanski P. PhD student ATLAS TRT detector tests CERN tech.student
Kalliopuska J.1 PhD student summer student Si-detector simul. HIP2
Kiiskinen A. post doc LHC R&D, Delphi simulation/tests HIP2
Kurvinen K. detector phys. LHC R&D, Delphi detector tests HIP
Lauhakangas R. DAQ eng. LHC R&D, Delphi,... DAQ HIP
Mäki T. PhD student summer student simulation/tests grad.school2
Noschis E. PhD student LHC R&D detector tests CERN tech.student
Oljemark F.1 PhD student summer student beam tests HIP2
Orava R. prof. LHC R&D, Delphi,E605 project leader HIP & UH
Palmieri V. post doc RD39, NA50... Si-detectors CERN project ass.2
Saarikko H. prof. Delphi, NA22, UA5 diffraction UH&HIP
Tapprogge S. post doc Atlas, H1, NA45 performance HIP
Österberg K. ass.prof. LHCb, Delphi detector syst UH&HIP
EU-RTN post doc CDF/SVX physics analysis EU-RTN
+ technical trainees elec., software testing Polytechnics
+ student trainees high energy phys. MoE1 Currently working on their MSc thesis 2 Foreseen source of funding
3.4
- From 1984 on, the group has been responsible for the physics driven detector contributions, detector operation, data & physics analysis in DELPHI - and produced 20 PhD’s - The fwd physics project follows this tradition
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The Helsinki Group - Collaboration
Helsinki Institute of Physics Physics and detector simulation,(hip.fi) R. Orava integration&testing, project coordination
Division of High Energy Physics, Physics and detector simulation,University of Helsinki project coordination(physics.helsinki.fi/~www_sefo/sefo.html)R. Orava
Durham University Phenomenology of Forward PhysicsV. Khoze
Iowa State University SimulationJ. Lamsa
Espoo-Vantaa Institute Software & firmware developmentof Technology (evitech.fi)T. Leinonen
Pohjois-Savo Polytechnic Hybrid development/RF testing/(pspt.fi) slow controls/testsA.Toppinen
Rovaniemi Polytechnic Data base/GRID(ramk.fi) J. Leino
VTT Technical Research Edgeless Si-detectors for microstationCenter of Finland (vtt.fi)S. Eränen
Institute/ Coordinator Responsibility
R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava
3.5
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HIP Resource Needs in 2003 - 2005
Manpower (need vs. now available by UH/HIP funding): FNAL based 1 (0) post-doc (EU-RTN), 2 (0) Ph.D. students CERN based 2 (1) post-docs, 2 (0) Ph.D. students Helsinki based 1 (1) professor 50% at CERN, 1 (1) assistant professor, 1 (0) post-docs, 4 (1) PhD students, 3 (2) laboratory staff
Instrumentation (test set-ups, prototypes)
Travel funds
TOTEM collaboration fee, construction funds
3.6R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava
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Impact in Finland
•Forward physics project is small and compact, fully integrated to the hep resource basis at home created through participation in DELPHI
• The High Energy Physics Laboratory• Training programs• Polytechnics• VTT
• Forward physics project is well integrated to the international efforts
• ATLAS (Rijsenbeck et al.) - CMS (A. DeRoeck) - TOTEM (K.Eggert)• CERN R&D Project on radiation hard detectors• European Commission Research Training Network “Probe for New Physics” (A. Savoy-Navarro) & “Strongnet” proposal
• CDF is currently the only physics producing hep experiment in Finland
• training students and staff for the LHC• test ground for forward physics & spectrometer
4.1
Enthusiasm for the physics potential !
R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava
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Forward Physics Project: Tevatron & LHC
Basic Research
Basic Research
Applied Research
Applied Research
Education, Training
Education, Training
HIP & University of HelsinkiHIP & University of Helsinki
Technology Transfer
Technology Transfer
PolytechnicsPolytechnics
VTT & IndustriesVTT & Industries
CERN &
International Networks
CERN &
International Networks
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Summary Forward Physics project offers:
• Frontline physics contributions CDF & LHC program (QCD, Top, Higgs, supersymmetry...)• Physics Problem - Simulation - Detector Development - Detector Construction - Physics Analysis Fundamental Discoveries in Physics?• Ideal Training Ground for Students & Technical
Trainees
Forward Physics projects needs:• PostDoc & PhD Positions for young & brilliant
experimentalists; several excellent candidates available • Long term & stable funding for detector R&D (DetLab!), tests, construction & operation
5.1R-ECFA 26. September 2003 R.Orava