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FORT TICONDEROGA WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT? BENEDICT ARNOLD ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

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Page 1: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

FORT TICONDEROGA WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE

IMPORTANT?

BENEDICT ARNOLD

ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

Page 2: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

CAPTURE OF FORT TICONDEROGA

MAY 10, 1775

Page 3: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

2ND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS

PHILADELPHIA

SENT THE OLIVE BRANCH PETITION

ESTABLISHED THE CONTINENTAL ARMY

APPOINTED GEORGE WASHINGTON COMMANDER

Page 4: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

BRITAIN 12 MILLION PEOPLE DEVELOPED MANUFACTURING RICHEST COUNTRY LARGE WELL-TRAINED ARMY HESSIANS POOR OFFICERS STRANGE LAND FAR FROM SUPPLIES STRONGEST NAVY IN THE WORLD

AMERICA 2.8 MILLION—30% LOYALISTS LIMITED NO MONEY MILITIA UNITS POORLY TRAINED & EQUIPED GOOD OFFICERS FAMILIAR TERRITORY NO NAVY FIGHTING FOR A CAUSE GOOD SHOTS-RIFLING

Page 5: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL

JUNE 17, 1775

Page 6: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

GEN. WILLIAM HOWE—2,400 TROOPS

COL. WILLIAM PRESCOTT—1,200

BRITISH LOSSES—MORE THAN A 1,000

AMERICAN LOSSES—400

WHY WAS THE BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL IMPORTANT? SHOWED THAT COLONISTS WOULD FIGHT GAVE WASHINGTON TIME TO TRAIN TROOPS

Page 7: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

INVASION OF CANADA

CAPTURE QUEBEC GET FRENCH-CANADIANS

NOV. 1775 CAPTURES MONTREAL DEC. 31ST

RICHARD MONTGOMERY KILLED BENEDICT ARNOLD WOUNDED ATTACK FAILS

Page 8: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

BRITISH DRIVEN FROM BOSTON

WHAT DID THE PATRIOTS NEED TO DRIVE THE BRITISH FROM BOSTON?

WHERE WOULD THEY GET THE CANNON FROM?

WHAT PROBLEMS DID THEY HAVE TO OVERCOME?

Page 9: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

THE PLAN HENRY KNOX

NOV. 1775

3 MONTHS

MARCH 4, 1776

BIRTISH WITHDRAW ON MARCH 17TH

TO NOVA SCOTIA

Page 10: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

FORT SULLIVAN

JUNE 28TH 1776 SIR HENRY CLINTON GEN. CHARLES LEE COL. WILLIAM MOULTRIE

WHAT IS THE STATE TREE?

PETER PARKER STORY

ATTACK FAILS

Page 11: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS
Page 12: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

INVASION OF NEW YORK

WHY DID THE BRITISH INVADE NEW YORK? NATURAL HARBOR

CONTROLLED SOUTHERN ROUTE TO CANADA

MANY LOYALISTS

• WASHINGTON BROUGHT ARMY FROM BOSTON– 20,000 UNTRAINED TROOPS

– SICKNESS CAUSED BY POOR SANITATION

– DIVIDES ARMY BETWEEN LONG ISLAND AND MANHATTAN

– BUILDS DEFENSES

Page 13: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

JUNE 29—GEN. WILLIAM HOWE ARRIVES

32,000 TROOPS

70 WARSHIPS—LED BY RICHARD HOWE

400 OTHER CRAFT

WASHINGTON DIDN’T PROTECT LEFT FLANK

Page 14: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

RETREAT

JOHN GLOVER & THE MARBLEHEADERSMASSACHUSETTS FISHERMENWASHINGTON’S TROOPS ESCAPE TO MANHATTAN ISLAND

Page 15: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

A HERO PASSES NATHAN HALE SCHOOLTEACHER SPYING TORY RELATIVE I ONLY REGRET

THAT I HAVE BUT ONE LIFE TO LOSE FOR MY COUNTRY

Page 16: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

NEW WEAPON

http://www.ahctv.com/weapons-technology/videos/weaponology-submarines-part-1.htm

Page 17: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

WASHINGTON DEFEATED

WASHINGTON RETREATS NORTH

FIGHTING BATTLE AT WHITE PLAINS

EARLY NOVEMBER—FORT WASHINGTON FALLS, LOSING 3,000 MEN AND MANY CANNON IN HALF HOUR BATTLE

FT. LEE FALLS A FEW DAYS LATER

Page 18: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

RETREAT TO NEW JERSEY

GEN. HOWE DOES NOT PURSUE---WHY?WINTER IS COMING ONBELIEVES WAR IS OVER AND HE CAN FINISH OFF CONTINENTAL ARMY IN THE SPRING

Page 19: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

THE CRISIS

THE ARMY IS IN SHAMBLESMANY WERE GOING HOME—ENLISTMENTS WERE UPTHE ARMY HAD LESS THAN 3,000 MEN

“THESE ARE THE TIMES THAT TRY MEN’S SOULS. THE SUMMER SOLDIER AND THE SUNSHINE PATRIOT WILL, IN THIS CRISIS, SHRINK FROM THE SERVICE OF HIS COUNTRY; BUT HE THAT STANDS IT NOW DESERVES THE LOVE AND THANKS OF MAN AND WOMAN.”

THOMAS PAINE

Page 20: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

THE CHRISTMAS MIRACLE

John honeyman

GATHERS INFORMATION

1,200 hessians

CONVINCES Johann Rahl that the americans are beaten

Dec. 25, 1776 john glover & the marbleheaders ferry washington’s men across the delaware river

Page 21: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

VICTORY AT TRENTON

HESSIANS WERE UNPREPARED

HUNG OVER FROM CELEBRATING

90-MINUTE BATTLE JOHANN RAHL DIES

AND 900 HESSIANS ARE CAPTURED

AMERICANS LOSE 1-FROZE TO DEATH AND 3 ARE WOUNDED

Page 22: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

WASHINGTON ON A ROLL

o CHARLES CORNWALLIS LEAVES NEW YORK WITH 8,000 MEN

o DELAWARE RIVER BLOCKS WASHINGTON’S RETREAT

o EDWARD HAND—600 MENo CATCHES WASHINGTON ON

JAN. 2, 1777o Washington flanks the

british undercover of darkness

o Jan. 3, 1777 captures princeton

o Washington moves north to morristown—spends winter

WHY WERE THE BATTLES OF TRENTON AND PRINCETON IMPORTANT?

FIVE MILE CREEK BRIDGE

SHABBAKONK CREEK

STOCKTON HOLLOW

Page 23: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

BRITISH GRAND PLAN PROPOSED BY JOHN

BURGOYNE

THREE PRONG ATTACK

OBJECTIVE WAS TO DIVIDE THE COLONIES

Page 24: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

BARRY ST. LEGER

o WOULD TRAVEL DOWN LAKE ONTARIO AND ATTACK FROM THE WEST

o AUG. 6, 1777-NICHOLAS HERKIMER ENGAGES NEAR FORT STANWIX

o HERKIMER IS WOUNDEDo BENEDICT ARNOLD

BRINGS A RELIEF FORCEo INDIANS RETREAT

Page 25: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

WILLIAM HOWE

HOWE WAS SUPPOSE TO COME UP THE HUDSON RIVER BUT INSTEAD WENT TO PHILADELPHIA TO CAPTURE THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS

Page 26: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

BURGOYNE MOVES SOUTH

MOVED SLOWLY

JULY 6TH CAPTURED FT. TICONDEROGA WITHOUT A FIGHT

AUG. 7TH—HESSIANS GO INTO VERMONT FOR FOOD AND ARE ATTACKED BY THE GREEN MT. BOYS

BRINGS NEW ENLISTMENTS

Page 27: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

VICTORY AT SARATOGAFREEMAN’S FARM-SEPT. 19, 1777

HORATIO GATES-COMMANDERTADEUSZ KOSCIUSZKO BUILDS DEFENSES ON BEMIS HEIGHTSDANIEL MORGAN-MORGAN’S RIFLES OCT. 7TH

BENEDICT ARNOLD LEADS THE CHARGE INTO BRITISH LINESEVENTUALLY ARNOLD IS SHOT IN THE THIGH SMASHING HIS FEMURTHE BRITISH MOVE TO THE TOWN OF SARATOGA WHERE THE AMERICANS FIRE ON THEM DAY AND NIGHTBURGOYNE SURRENDERS ON OCT. 17

Page 28: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

EFFECTS OF SARATOGA KNOWN AS THE TURNING POINT OF THE

WAR ENGLAND’S THREAT TO NEW ENGLAND

ENDS AMERICAN MORAL GOES UP BEN FRANKLIN NEGOTIATES AN ALLIANCE

WITH FRANCE FEB. 1778 GIVES US SUPPLIES AND A NAVY

BRITAIN OFFERS A COMPROMISE FOR PEACE NO TAXATION

Page 29: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

PHILADELPHIA

BRANDYWINE CREEK

SEPT. 11, 1777

HOWE FLANKS WASHINGTON

LAFAYETTE SLIGHTY WOUNDED

CONTINENTAL CONGRESS FLEES

SEPT. 26, 1777 HOWE TAKES CITY

Page 30: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

GERMANTOWN

OCT. 4, 1777

Page 31: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

VALLEY FORGE

BARON VON STEUBEN

Page 32: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

MONMOUTH COURTHOUSE

CHARLES LEEJUNE 28TH, 1778

Page 33: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS
Page 34: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

FATHER OF THE AMERICAN NAVY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9s58mlY1R6k

Page 35: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

BONHOMME RICHARD SEPT. 23, 1779

SERAPIS

HALF HIS MEN LOST

“I HAVE NOT YET BEGUN TO FIGHT”

Page 36: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

WAR SHIFTS TO THE SOUTH

GOAL WAS TO CAPTURE MAJOR PORTS HOPED FOR LOYALIST SUPPORT

Page 37: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

SAVANNAH FALLS

GEN. AUGUSTINE PREVOST

DEC. 29, 1778

BENJAMIN LINCOLN

ADMIRAL COMTE d’ESTAING

CASIMIR PULASKI

Page 38: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

CHARLESTON FALLS

MAY 12, 1780

Page 39: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

WAXHAWS MASSACRE COL. ABRAHAM BUFORD 350 VIRGINIAN’S GOV. JOHN RUTLEDGE

DISPUTED VERSIONS

CASUALTIES 113 DEAD 150 WOUNDED 53 CAPTURED 16 WOUNDS PER BODY

COL. BANASTRE TARTLETON--NICKNAMED BLOODY TARTLETON

MADE IT EASY TO GET RECRUITS

Page 40: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

CAMDEN AUG. 16, 1780

BRITISH COUNTER ATTACK

GATES LEAVES FIELD TARLETON ATTACKS AMERICAN REAR

JOHANN DE KALB

AMERICANS LOSE 2,000 OF 2,400

Page 41: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

KINGS MOUNTAIN

OCT. 7, 1780 MILITIA UNITS—1,000 EACH GEN. PATRICK FERGUSON RIFLEMEN BRITISH SURROUNDED FERGUSON KILLED-TORIES

THROW DOWN ARMS COLONISTS ANGRY OVER

WAXHAWS MASSACRE CONTINUE TO FIRE

ALL 1,000 TORIES KILLED, WOUNDED, OR CAPTURED

FORCED CORNWALLIS TO RETREAT BACK TO CAMDEN

Page 42: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

GUERILLA WARFARE

NATHANAEL GREENETHE FIGHTING QUAKER

FRANCIS MARIONTHE SWAMP FOX

ATTACKED NIGHT AND DAY KEEPING THE BRITISH ON EDGE

Page 43: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

COWPENS JAN. 17, 1781

COL. DANIEL MORGAN

COL. WILLIAM WASHINGTON

BANASTRE TARLETON

ALMOST THE ENTIRE BRITISH FORCE WAS LOST

Page 44: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

GUILFORD COURTHOUSE NATHANAEL GREENE CHARLES CORNWALLIS THE BRITISH PURSUE MARCH 15, 1781

GRAPE SHOT USED BY BRITISH

GREENE RETIRES FROM BATTLE

CORNWALLIS LOST A FOURTH OF HIS ARMY

FORCED TO RETREAT TO THE COAST

Page 45: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

WAR ENDS

BENEDICT ARNOLD

Page 46: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

YORKTOWN 8,000 BRITISH TROOPS ADMIRAL THOMAS GRAVES ADMIRAL COMTE DE GRASSE GEORGE WASHINGTON COMTE DE ROCHAMBEAU MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE 16,000 AMERICAN TROOPS

SEIGE BEGINS OCT. 6TH & LASTS 3 DAYS OCT. 11TH SECOND SEIGE LINE REDOUBTS 9 & 10 CAPTURED OCT. 14 OCT. 16TH BRITISH ATTACK WHILE TRYING TO ESCAPE ACROSS THE RIVER CORNWALLIS NEGOTIATES

OCT. 19, 1781

Page 47: FORT TICONDEROGA  WHY WAS IT’S CAPTURE IMPORTANT?  BENEDICT ARNOLD  ETHAN ALLEN AND THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS

TREATY OF PARIS

JOHN JAY, JOHN ADAMS, BEN FRANKLIN, HENRY LAURENS, AND HENRY TEMPLE FRANKLIN

APRIL 19, 17821.OFFICIAL RECOGNITION OF INDEPENDENCE2. NEW BOUNDARIES3. BOTH TRADE ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER4. FISHING RIGHTS ON THE GRAND BANKS5. BRITISH WOULD PULL OUT OF FORTS IN THE OHIO VALLEY6. PAY LOYALIST LOSSES7. SPAIN GETS FLORIDA

SIGNED SEPT. 3, 1783