forsmark site investigation – geological single-hole ... · estimated ff grainsize coordinate...

Svensk Kärnbränslehantering ABSwedish Nuclear Fueland Waste Management CoBox 5864SE-102 40 Stockholm Sweden Tel 08-459 84 00 +46 8 459 84 00Fax 08-661 57 19 +46 8 661 57 19

P-04-296

Forsmark site investigation

Geological single-hole interpretation of KFM05A, HFM14–15 and HFM19 (DS5)

Seje Carlsten, Geosigma AB

Jesper Petersson, SwedPower

Michael Stephens, Geological Survey of Sweden

Hans Thunehed, GeoVista AB

Jaana Gustafsson, Malå GeoScience AB

December 2004

Revised October 2006

ISSN 1651-4416

SKB P-04-296

Keywords: Forsmark, Geophysics, Geology, Borehole, Bedrock, Fractures, Field note: Forsmark 314, AP-PF 400-04-40.

This report concerns a study which was conducted for SKB. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily coincide with those of the client.

A pdf version of this document can be downloaded from www.skb.se

Forsmark site investigation

Geological single-hole interpretation of KFM05A, HFM14–15 and HFM19 (DS5)

Seje Carlsten, Geosigma AB

Jesper Petersson, SwedPower

Michael Stephens, Geological Survey of Sweden

Hans Thunehed, GeoVista AB

Jaana Gustafsson, Malå GeoScience AB

December 2004

Revised October 2006

Reading instruction

For revision no. 1 of this report a recalculation of the oriented radar data has been carried out.

The strike and dip of the oriented radar data are now recalculated using the right-hand-rule method, e.g. 040/80 corresponds to a strike of N40°E and a dip of 80° to the SE. The new values for strike and dip are updated in Chapter 5.1 as well as in Appendix 1.

The revised report also presents updated identification codes from rock units, in accordance with the revised method description for single-hole interpretation. The term “confidence level” also replaces the term “uncertainty” in accordance with the revised method description.

Appendices 1–4 are updated.

Abstract

This report contains geological single-hole interpretations of the cored borehole KFM05A and the percussion boreholes HFM14–15 and HFM19 in Forsmark. The geological single-hole interpretation combines the geological core mapping, interpreted geophysical logs and borehole radar measurements to interpret where lithological rock units and possible deformation zones occur in the boreholes.

The geological single-hole interpretation shows that four rock units (RU1–RU4) occur in KFM05A. The borehole can be divided into seven separate units along the borehole length due to the degree of fracture frequency as well as the repetition of rock units RU1–RU4. Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite and fine- to medium-grained occur in the borehole. One section contains a mixture of amphibolite and fine-grained material with diorite to quartz-dioritic composition. Fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid, pegmatitic granite and amphibolite occur in small sections. Five possible deformation zones have been identified in KFM05A (DZ1–DZ5).

One rock unit is interpreted in the percussion borehole HFM14 (RU1). The unit is dominated by medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occurrences of pegmatitic granite, amphibolite, aplitic metagranite and one section of fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid. Two possible deformation zones have been identified in HFM14 (DZ1–DZ2).

The percussion borehole HFM15 is dominated by medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occurrences of amphibolite (RU1). In the lower part of the borehole occur subordinate occurrences of pegmatitic granite and aplitic metagranite. One possible deformation zone has been identified in HFM15 (DZ1).

One rock unit is interpreted in the percussion borehole HFM19 (RU1). The unit is dominated by medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occurrences of pegmatitic granite, aplitic metagranite, amphibolite and fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid. Two possible deformation zones have been identified in HFM19 (DZ1–DZ2).

Sammanfattning

Denna rapport behandlar geologisk enhålstolkning av kärnborrhål KFM05A samt hammarborrhålen HFM14, HFM15 och HFM19 i Forsmark. Den geologiska enhålstolkningen syftar till att utifrån data från den geologiska karteringen, tolkade geofysiska loggar och borrhålsradarmätningar indikera olika litologiska enheters fördelning i borrhålen samt möjliga deformationszoners läge och utbredning.

Denna undersökning visar att det i KFM05A finns 4 litologiska enheter. Baserat på graden av sprickfrekvens samt repetition av vissa enheter kan borrhålet delas in i 7 sektioner. Medelkorning metagranit-granodiorit samt en fin- till medelkornig variant av denna bergart förekommer i större delen av borrhålet. Ett parti i borrhålet innehåller en blandning av amfibolit och finkornigt material med diorit till kvartsdioritisk sammansättning. I mindre omfattning förekommer dessutom fin- till medelkornig metagranitoid, pegmatitisk granit och amfibolit. Fem möjliga deformationszoner har identifierats i KFM05A.

Hammarborrhål HFM14 domineras av medelkornig metagranit-granodiorit med mindre inslag av pegmatitisk granit, amfibolit, aplitisk metagranit och en förekomst av fin- till medelkornig metagranitoid. Två möjliga deformationszoner har identifierats i HFM14.

Hammarborrhål HFM15 domineras av medelkornig metagranit-granodiorit med mindre inslag av amfibolit. I den nedre delen av borrhålet förekommer dessutom mindre mängder av pegmatitisk granit och aplitisk metagranit. En möjlig deformationszon har identifierats i HFM15.

Hammarborrhål HFM19 domineras av medelkornig metagranit-granodiorit med mindre inslag av pegmatitisk granit, aplitisk metagranit, amfibolit och fin- till medelkornig metagranitoid. Två möjliga deformationszoner har identifierats i HFM19.

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Contents

1 Introduction 7

2 Objectiveandscope 9

3 Datausedforthegeologicalsingle‑holeinterpretation 11

4 Executionofthegeologicalsingle‑holeinterpretation 154.1 Nonconformities 16

5 Results 175.1 KFM05A 175.2 HFM14 195.3 HFM15 195.4 HFM19 20

6 Comments 21

7 References 23

Appendix1 Geological single-hole interpretation for KFM05A 25Appendix2 Geological single-hole interpretation for HFM14 31Appendix3 Geological single-hole interpretation for HFM15 33Appendix4 Geological single-hole interpretation for HFM19 35

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1 Introduction

Much of the primary geological and geophysical borehole data stored in the SKB database SICADA need to be integrated and synthesized before they can be used for modelling in the 3D-CAD system Rock Visualisation System (RVS). The end result of this procedure is a geological single-hole interpretation, which consists of an integrated series of different logs and accompanying descriptive documents.

This document reports the geological single-hole interpretation of four boreholes at drill-site 5 (DS5) in the Forsmark area. These include the cored borehole KFM05A and the percussion-drilled boreholes HFM14, HFM15 and HFM19 (Figure 1-1).

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2 Objective and scope

A geological single-hole interpretation is carried out in order to identify and briefly describe the major rock units and possible deformation zones within a borehole. The work involves an integrated interpretation of data from the geological mapping of the borehole (Boremap), different borehole geophysical logs and borehole radar data and, when available, reflection seismic anomalies. The results from the geological single-hole interpretation are presented in a WellCad plot. A detailed description of the technique is provided in the method description for geological single-hole interpretation (SKB MD 810.003, internal document).

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3 Data used for the geological single‑hole interpretation

The following data are used for the single-hole interpretation of the boreholes at drill site 5: • Boremap data (including BIPS and geological mapping data) /1 and 2/.• Generalized geophysical logs and their interpretation /3, 4 and 5/.• Radar data and their interpretation /6, 7 and 8/.

The material used as a basis for the geological single-hole interpretation was a WellCad plot consisting of parameters from Boremap-mapping, geophysical logs and borehole radar. An example of a WellCad plot used during the geological single-hole interpretation is shown in Figure 3-1. The plot consists of ten main columns and several subordinate columns. These include:

1: Depth along borehole

2: Rock type 2.1: Rock type 2.2: Rock type structure 2.3: Rock type texture 2.4: Rock type grain size 2.5: Structure orientation 2.6: Rock occurrence (< 1 m) 2.7: Rock alteration 2.8: Rock alteration intensity

3: Unbroken fractures 3.1: Primary mineral 3.2: Secondary mineral 3.3: Third mineral 3.4: Fourth mineral 3.5: Alteration, dip direction

4: Broken fractures 4.1: Primary mineral 4.2: Secondary mineral 4.3: Third mineral 4.4: Fourth mineral 4.5: Aperture (mm) 4.6: Roughness 4.7: Surface 4.8: Alteration, dip direction

5: Crush zones 5.1: Primary mineral 5.2: Secondary mineral 5.3: Third mineral 5.4: Fourth mineral 5.5: Roughness

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5.6: Surface 5.7: Crush alteration, dip direction 5.8: Piece (mm) 5.9: Sealed network 5.10: Core loss

6: Fracture frequency 6.1: Open fractures 6.2: Sealed fractures

7: Geophysics 7.1: Magnetic susceptibility 7.2: Natural gamma radiation 7.3: Possible alteration 7.4: Silicate density 7.5: Estimated fracture frequency

8: Radar 8.1: Length 8.2: Angle

9: Reference mark (not used for percussion-drilled boreholes)

10: BIPS

The geophysical logs are described below:

Magnetic susceptibility: The rock has been classified into sections of low, medium, high, and very high magnetic susceptibility. The susceptibility measurement is strongly connected to the magnetite content in the different rock types.

Natural gamma radiation: The rock has been classified into sections of low, medium, and high natural gamma radiation. Low radiation may indicate mafic rock types and high radiation may indicate younger fine-grained granite or pegmatite. The rock with high natural gammaradiation has been included in the younger, Group D intrusive suite /9/.

Possible alteration: This parameter has not been used in the geological single-hole interpretation in the Forsmark area.

Silicate density: This parameter indicates the density of the rock after subtraction of the magnetic component in the rock. It provides general information on the mineral composition of the rock types, and serves as a support during classification of rock types.

Estimated fracture frequency: This parameter provides an estimate of the fracture frequency along 5 m sections, calculated from short and long normal resistivity, SPR, sonic as well as focused resistivity 140 and 300. The estimated fracture frequency is based on a statistical connection after a comparison has been made between the geophysical logs and the mapped fracture frequency. The log provides an indication of sections with low and high fracture frequencies.

Close inspection of the borehole radar data was carried out during the interpretation process, especially during the identification of possible deformation zones. The occurrence and orientation of radar anomalies within the possible deformation zones are commented upon in the text that describes these zones.

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Page 1

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4 Execution of the geological single‑hole interpretation

The geological single-hole interpretation has been carried out by a group of experts consisting of both geologists and geophysicists. Several of these participants previously participated in the development of the source material for the single-hole interpretation. All data to be used (see above) are visualized side by side in a borehole document extracted from the software WellCad.

Stage 1 in the working procedure is to study the rock type related logging data and to merge sections of similar rock types, or sections where one rock type is very dominant, into rock units (minimum length of c 5 m). Each rock unit is indicated and provided with a description for the WellCad picture.

Stage 2 is to identify possible deformation zones by visual inspection of geological mapping (fracture frequency, alteration, etc), geophysical data, and radar data. The section of each identified possible deformation zone is indicated and described in the WellCad picture.

Single-hole interpretation

Boremap dataGeneralizedgeophysical

logs

Radar data

Geophysicaldata

Petrophysicaldata

1. Rock units2. Possible deformation zones

Figure 4-1. Schematic block diagram of geological single-hole interpretation.

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4.1 NonconformitiesIn some cases alternative orientations for oriented radar reflectors are presented. One of the alternatives is considered to be correct, but due to uncertainty in the interpretation of radar data, a decision concerning which of the alternatives that represent the true orientation cannot be made.

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5 Results

The detailed results of the geological single-hole interpretations are presented as print-outs from the software WellCad (Appendix 1 for KFM05A, Appendix 2 for HFM14, Appendix 3 for HFM15, and Appendix 4 for HFM19). The confidence in the interpretation of rock units and possible deformation zones is made on the following basis: 3 = high, 2 = medium and 1 = low.

5.1 KFM05AThe borehole can be divided into four different rock units, some of which are recurrent in the borehole. For this reason, the borehole is divided into seven rock sections:

102–237 m RU1: Fine- to medium-grained variety of the otherwise medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite, with minor occurrences of pegmatitic granite and amphibolite, and one occurrence of fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid. Generally increased fracture frequency relative to the remaining part of the borehole, outside possible deformation zones. Confidence level = 3.

237–286 m RU2: Fine- to medium-grained variety of the otherwise medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite, with minor occurrences of pegmatitic granite and amphibolite. Confidence level = 3.

286–349 m RU3a: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite, with minor occurrences of pegmatitic granite and amphibolite. Confidence level = 3.

349–362 m RU4: Heterogeneous mixture between amphibolite and fine-grained material with dioritic to quartz-dioritic composition. Subordinate occurrences of medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite and pegmatitic granite. Sub-parallel radar reflector 30–40 m from the borehole axis. Low magnetic susceptibility. Confidence level = 3.

362–676 m RU3b: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite, with minor occurrences of pegmatitic granite, amphibolite and in the interval 570–620 m fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid. Also two 1–2 m wide occurrences of felsic to intermediate metavolcanic rock at c 507 and 538 m. Sub-parallel radar reflector 30–40 m from the borehole axis, visible down to 430 m. Confidence level = 3.

676–720 m RU5: Fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid of granodioritic to tonalitic composition with subordinate medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite and pegmatitic granite. Amphibolite is absent in the fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid. Contacts between the fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid and the medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite are gradual and the two rocks are often difficult to separate in the contact zone. Anomalous high silica density and low susceptibility. Confidence level = 3.

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720–1,000 m RU3c: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occurrences of pegmatitic granite and fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid. Lower frequency of amphibolite compared to the remaining part of the borehole. Sub-parallel radar reflector 30–50 m from the borehole axis, from 840 m to the end of the borehole. Confidence level = 3.

Five possible deformation zones are indicated in KFM05A:

102–114 m DZ1: Marked increase of flat-lying, open fractures, with apertures ranging up to more than 1 cm. Two crush zones. Mostly clay minerals, calcite and some fractures filled with fine-grained, clay-dominated material, inferred to be a clastic sedimentary rock. Faint oxidation throughout the interval. Low resistivity, which is apparent down to 125 m. No indication in the sonic and susceptibility data. One oriented radar reflector at 111.3 m with the orientation 192/53 or 100/20 and one non-oriented at 103.4 m with the angle 37 degrees to the borehole axis. Confidence level = 3.

416–436 m DZ2: Increased frequency of mostly sealed, steeply dipping fractures. Apertures generally less than 0.5 mm. Predominant fracture minerals are calcite, prehnite, chlorite, epidote and laumontite. Faint to medium oxidation. Low resistivity. No indication in the sonic and susceptibility data. Four oriented radar reflectors at 417.3 m (011/80), 424.2 m (151/88), 424.7 m (166/72 or 299/9) and at 427.6 m (092/24 or 200/65). Two non-oriented radar reflectors occur at 427.5 m and 431.1 m with the angle to borehole axis 35 and 53 degrees, respectively. Confidence level = 3.

590–796 m DZ3: Increased frequency of mostly sealed, steeply dipping fractures, with a sharp contact on both sides to a very little fractured bedrock. Two distinctive intervals, 609–616 m and 712–720 m, with dense fracture network and faint to weak oxidation. Faint to medium oxidation is locally observed along the whole interval. Predominant fracture minerals are laumontite, calcite, chlorite and hematite staining. Laumontite is prominent in the dense fracture network intervals. Apertures are generally less than 1 mm, with one ranging up to 4 mm. Low resistivity in the densely fractured intervals. Moderate resistivity anomalies in the remaining part. Susceptibility and sonic velocity seem to be unaffected. Totally 49 radar reflectors in the interval. Six radar reflectors in the upper of the densely fractured interval, and one at 610.9 m yield a more confident orientation of 232/25. Four radar reflectors in the lower of the densely fractured interval; three are oriented 123/71, 063/80 and 338/37. Confidence level = 1 for the whole interval and 3 for the densely fractured intervals.

892–916 m DZ4: Increased frequency of mostly sealed, steeply dipping fractures. Open fractures with apertures less than 1 mm and faint to weak oxidation are concentrated in the lower part of the interval. Predominant fracture minerals are laumontite, calcite and chlorite. Moderate resistivity anomalies. Susceptibility and sonic velocity seem to be unaffected. Two oriented radar reflectors at 903.2 m (086/48) and 909.3 m (041/26). Six non-oriented radar reflectors with angle in the interval 8-41 degrees to borehole axis. Confidence level = 2.

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936–950 m DZ5: Increased frequency of both open and sealed, steeply dipping fractures. Part of the interval shows faint to weak oxidation. Predominant fracture minerals are laumontite, calcite and chlorite. Apertures less than 1 mm. Three radar reflectors; two oriented 282/65 and 299/81. Moderate resistivity anomalies. Susceptibility and sonic velocity seem to be unaffected. Two oriented radar reflectors at 932.9 m (001/33 or 005/75) and 946.1 m (258/65). Confidence level = 2.

5.2 HFM14The borehole consists of one rock unit:

3–149 m RU1: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occurrences of pegmatitic granite, amphibolite, aplitic metagranite and one occurrence of fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid. Weak oxidation has affected the bedrock, more or less along the whole borehole length. In the upper 50 m, there are two crush zones and two fractures with apertures wider than 1 cm. These are also indicated in the radar measurements and as narrow geophysical anomalies. Confidence level = 2.

Two possible deformation zones are indicated:

68–76 m DZ1: Increased frequency of open, flat-lying fractures, some with apertures wider than 1 cm. Mostly chlorite and unknown fracture filling minerals. Four radar reflectors with an intersection angle of 16–80° to the borehole axis. Low magnetic susceptibility and resistivity. Several caliper anomalies. Confidence level = 3.

92–104 m DZ2: Slight increase of open, flat-lying fractures, with apertures less than 2 mm. Five crush zones (5–32 cm wide) in the lower half of the interval. Fracture filling minerals include quartz and chlorite. Four radar reflectors with an intersection angle of 50–63° to the borehole axis. Generally low magnetic susceptibility and resistivity. Several caliper anomalies. Confidence level = 3.


4–99 m RU1: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occurrences of pegmatitic granite and aplitic metagranite, predominantly in the lower half of the borehole, and four minor (< 2 dm wide) occurrences of amphibolite. Weak oxidation has affected the bedrock, more or less along the whole borehole length. Generally increased fracture frequency relative to the remaining part of the borehole, outside the possible deformation zone, in the length intervals 4–27.5 m and 63.5–75 m. These are also indicated in the radar measurements and as narrow geophysical anomalies. Two crush zones (14 and 60 cm wide) in the upper 11 m of the borehole. Confidence level = 2.

20

There is one possible deformation zone in the borehole:

86–96 m DZ1: Increased frequency of open, flat-lying fractures, with apertures less than 2 mm. Mostly chlorite and unknown fracture filling minerals. Two radar reflectors with an intersection angle around 50° to the borehole axis. Low magnetic susceptibility and resistivity. Several caliper anomalies. Confidence level = 3.


11–185 m RU1: Medium-grained metagranite-granodiorite with subordinate occurrences of pegmatitic granite, aplitic metagranite, amphibolite and fine- to medium-grained metagranitoid. Locally weak oxidation. Two c 3 m wide occurrences of amphibolite in the lowermost part of the borehole. High magnetic susceptibility in the uppermost 50 m of the borehole. Generally increased fracture frequency relative to the remaining part of the borehole, outside the possible deformation zone, down to 26 m. One 10 cm wide crush zone at 12.5 m. Confidence level = 2.

Two possible deformation zones are indicated:

121–148 m DZ1: Increased frequency of predominantly open fractures. Fractures in the lower 10 m of the interval are steeply dipping. Mostly chlorite, calcite and unknown fracture filling minerals. Except for one fracture with an aperture wider than 1 cm in the uppermost part, all apertures are less than 3 mm. Locally weak oxidation. Four radar reflectors with an intersection angle of 10–76° to the borehole axis. A few sonic and moderate resistivity anomalies. Confidence level = 2.

168–185 m DZ2: Marked increase of both open and sealed fractures. Identified fracture minerals include chlorite, calcite, quartz, hematite and prehnite. Apertures generally less than 2 mm, except for one fracture with an aperture wider than 10 mm in the uppermost part. Generally weak oxidation. Low magnetic susceptibility and resistivity. Confidence level = 3.

21

6 Comments

The results from the geological single-hole interpretations of KFM05A, HFM14, HFM15 and HFM19 are presented in WellCad plots (Appendices 1–4). Each WellCad plot consists of the following columns:

1: Depth along borehole

2: Rock type

3: Rock alteration

4: Sealed fractures

5: Open fractures

6: Silicate density

7: Magnetic susceptibility

8: Natural gamma radiation

9: Estimated fracture frequency

10: Description: Rock unit

11: Stereogram for sealed fractures in rock unit (blue symbols)

12: Stereogram for open fractures in rock unit (red symbols)

13: Description: Possible deformation zone

14: Stereogram for sealed fractures in possible deformation zone (blue symbols)

15: Stereogram for open fractures in possible deformation zone (red symbols)

23

7 References

/1/ SKB P-rapport P-04-295. Boremap mapping of telescopic drilled borehole KFM05A. Petersson J, Berglund J, Wängnerud A, Danielsson P, Stråhle A.

/2/ SKB P-rapport P-04-112. Boremap mapping of percussion boreholes HFM13–15 and HFM19. Nordman C.

/3/ SKB P-rapport P-04-145. Geophysical borehole logging in borehole KFM01B, HFM14, HFM15, HFM16, HFM17 and HFM18. Nielsen U T, Ringgaard J.

/4/ SKB P-rapport P-04-153. Geophysical borehole logging in borehole KFM05A and HFM19. Nielsen U T, Ringgaard J.

/5/ SKB P-rapport P-04-154. Interpretation of borehole geophysical measurements in KFM05A, HFM14, HFM15 and HFM19. Mattsson H, Keisu M, Thunehed H.

/6/ SKB P-rapport P-04-68. RAMAC and BIPS logging in borehole HFM13, HFM14 and HFM15. Gustafsson J, Gustafsson C.

/7/ SKB P-rapport P-04-69. RAMAC and BIPS logging in borehole KFM06A, HFM16, HFM17, HFM18 and HFM19. Gustafsson J, Gustafsson C.

/8/ SKB P-rapport P-04-152. RAMAC and BIPS logging in borehole KFM05A. Gustafsson J, Gustafsson C (in preparation).

/9/ SKB P-03-75. Bedrock mapping. Rock types, their petrographic and geochemical characteristics, and a structural analysis of the bedrock based on Stage 1 (2002) surface data. Stephens M B, Lundqvist S, Bergman T, Andersson J, 2003.

2�

Appendix 1Geological single‑hole interpretation for KFM05A

Gra

nite

, fin

e- to

med

ium

-gra

ined

Pegm

atite

, peg

mat

itic

gran

iteG

rani

te, g

rano

dior

ite a

nd to

nalit

e, m

etam

orph

ic, f

ine-

to m

ediu

m-g

rain

edG

rani

te to

gra

nodi

orite

, met

amor

phic

, med

ium

-gra

ined

Am

phib

olite

Fels

ic to

inte

rmed

iate

vol

cani

c ro

ck, m

etam

orph

ic

Oxi

dize

dC

hlor

itisi

zed

Epid

otis

ized

Seric

itisi

zed

uncl

assi

fied

dens

<268

0 (G

rani

te)

2680

<den

s<27

30 (G

rano

dior

ite)

2730

<den

s<28

00 (T

onal

ite)

2800

<den

s<28

90 (D

iorit

e)de

ns>2

890

(Gab

bro)

SILI

CA

TE D

ENSI

TYun

clas

sifie

dsu

s<0.

001

0.00

1<su

s<0.

010.

01<s

us<0

.1su

s>0.

1

SUSC

EPTI

BIL

ITET

gam

<20

20<g

am<3

636

<gam

<53

NA

TUR

AL

GA

MM

A

Sign

ed d

ata

Coo

rdin

ate

Syst

emR

T90-

RH

B70

Len

gth

[m]

1002

.710

Titl

eSI

NG

LE

HO

LE

INT

ER

PRE

TA

TIO

N K

FM05

A

Dia

met

er [m

m]

77

Ele

vatio

n [m

.a.s.

l.]5.

53In

clin

atio

n [°

]-5

9.79

Bor

ehol

eK

FM05

A

Site

FOR

SMA

RK

Nor

thin

g [m

]66

9934

4.85

Surv

eyin

g D

ate

Eas

ting

[m]

1631

710.

80

Dat

e of

map

ping

2004

-05-

24 0

0:00

:00

RO

CK

TYPE

FOR

SMA

RK

Plot

Dat

e20

06-0

9-20

21:

10:1

2

Dri

lling

Sto

p D

ate

2003

-12-

16 0

8:35

:00

Bea

ring

[°]

80.9

0

RO

CK

ALT

ERA

TIO

N

Dri

lling

Sta

rt D

ate

2003

-11-

23 1

4:30

:00

Roc

kTy

peR

ock

Alte

ratio

n

Ope

n an

dP

artly

Ope

nFr

actu

res

030

Sea

led

Frac

ture

s

030

Cru

sh

BO

REM

AP

DA

TA

Sili

cate

Den

sity

Nat

ural

Gam

ma

Rad

iatio

n

Mag

netic

Sus

cept

ibili

ty

Est

imat

edFr

actu

re F

req

(fr/m

)

020

GEN

ERA

LIZE

D G

EOPH

YSIC

AL

DA

TA

Des

crip

tion

Roc

k U

nit

Roc

k U

nit O

pen

and

Par

tly O

pen

Frac

ture

s(P

roje

ctio

n W

ulff)

Roc

k U

nit S

eale

d Fr

actu

res

(Pro

ject

ion

Wul

ff)

RO

CK

UN

IT

Des

crip

tion

Pos

sibl

e D

efor

mat

ion

Zone

Pos

sibl

e D

efor

mat

ion

Zone

O

pen

and

Par

tly O

pen

Frac

ture

s(P

roje

ctio

n W

ulff)

Pos

sibl

e D

efor

mat

ion

Zone

Sea

led

Frac

ture

s(P

roje

ctio

n W

ulff)

POSS

IBLE

DEF

OR

MA

TIO

N Z

ON

ESD

epth

1m:5

00m

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.

0

110.

0

120.

0

130.

0

140.

0

150.

0

160.

0

170.

0

180.

0

190.

0

200.

0

102.

00

RU

1Fi

ne- t

o m

ediu

m-g

rain

ed

varie

ty o

f the

oth

erw

ise

med

ium

-gra

ined

met

agra

nite

-gra

nodi

orite

,w

ith m

inor

occ

urre

nces

of

pegm

atiti

c gr

anite

and

am

phib

olite

, and

one

oc

curr

ence

of f

ine-

to

med

ium

-gra

ined

met

agra

nito

id. G

ener

ally

in

crea

sed

fract

ure

frequ

ency

rela

tive

to th

e re

mai

ning

par

t of t

he

bore

hole

, out

side

pos

sibl

e de

form

atio

n zo

nes.

C

onfid

ence

leve

l = 3

.

102.

00

114.

00

DZ1

Mar

ked

incr

ease

of

flat-l

ying

, ope

n fra

ctur

es,

with

ape

rture

s ra

ngin

g up

to

mor

e th

an 1

cm

. Tw

o cr

ush

zone

s. M

ostly

cla

y m

iner

als,

cal

cite

and

som

e fra

ctur

es fi

lled

with

fin

e-gr

aine

d,cl

ay-d

omin

ated

mat

eria

l, in

ferr

ed to

be

a cl

astic

se

dim

enta

ry ro

ck. F

aint

ox

idat

ion

thro

ugho

ut th

e in

terv

al. L

ow re

sist

ivity

, w

hich

is a

ppar

ent d

own

to

125

m. N

o in

dica

tion

in th

e so

nic

and

susc

eptib

ility

da

ta. O

ne o

rient

ed ra

dar

refle

ctor

at 1

11.3

m w

ith

the

orie

ntat

ion

192/

53 o

r 10

0/20

and

one

no

n-or

ient

ed a

t 103

.4 m

w

ith th

e an

gle

37 d

egre

es

to th

e bo

reho

le a

xis.

C

onfid

ence

leve

l = 3

.

0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

180°

26

210.

0

220.

0

230.

0

240.

0

250.

0

260.

0

270.

0

280.

0

290.

0

300.

0

310.

0

320.

0

330.

0

340.

0

350.

0

360.

0

370.

0

380.

0

390.

0

400.

0

410.

0

237.

0023

7.00

286.

00

RU

2Fi

ne- t

o m

ediu

m-g

rain

ed

varie

ty o

f the

oth

erw

ise

med

ium

-gra

ined

met

agra

nite

-gra

nodi

orite

,w

ith m

inor

occ

urre

nces

of

pegm

atiti

c gr

anite

and

am

phib

olite

. Con

fiden

ce

leve

l = 3

.

286.

00

349.

00

RU

3aM

ediu

m-g

rain

edm

etag

rani

te-g

rano

dior

ite,

with

min

or o

ccur

renc

es o

f pe

gmat

itic

gran

ite a

nd

amph

ibol

ite. C

onfid

ence

le

vel =

3.

349.

00

362.

00

RU

4H

eter

ogen

eous

mix

ture

be

twee

n am

phib

olite

and

fin

e-gr

aine

d m

ater

ial w

ith

dior

itic

to q

uartz

-dio

ritic

co

mpo

sitio

n. S

ubor

dina

te

occu

rren

ces

of

med

ium

-gra

ined

met

agra

nite

-gra

nodi

orite

and

pegm

atiti

c gr

anite

. S

ub-p

aral

lel r

adar

refle

ctor

30

-40

m fr

om th

e bo

reho

le

axis

. Low

mag

netic

su

scep

tibili

ty. C

onfid

ence

le

vel =

3.

362.

00

416.

00D

Z2In

crea

sed

frequ

ency

of

mos

tly s

eale

d, s

teep

ly

dipp

ing

fract

ures

. A

pertu

res

gene

rally

less

th

an 0

.5 m

m. P

redo

min

ant

fract

ure

min

eral

s ar

e ca

lcite

, pre

hnite

, chl

orite

,

0°

270°

90°

180° 0°

270°

90°

180° 0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

180° 0°

270°

90°

180° 0°

270°

90°

180°

0°0°

2�

420.

0

430.

0

440.

0

450.

0

460.

0

470.

0

480.

0

490.

0

500.

0

510.

0

520.

0

530.

0

540.

0

550.

0

560.

0

570.

0

580.

0

590.

0

600.

0

610.

0

620.

0

RU

3bM

ediu

m-g

rain

edm

etag

rani

te-g

rano

dior

ite,

with

min

or o

ccur

renc

es o

f pe

gmat

itic

gran

ite,

amph

ibol

ite a

nd in

the

inte

rval

570

-620

m fi

ne- t

o m

ediu

m-g

rain

edm

etag

rani

toid

. Als

o tw

o 1-

2 m

wid

e oc

curr

ence

s of

fe

lsic

to in

term

edia

te

met

avol

cani

c ro

ck a

t c.

507

and

538

m.

Sub

-par

alle

l rad

ar re

flect

or

30-4

0 m

from

the

bore

hole

ax

is, v

isib

le d

own

to 4

30

m. C

onfid

ence

leve

l = 3

.

436.

00

epid

ote

and

laum

ontit

e.

Fain

t to

med

ium

oxi

datio

n.

Low

resi

stiv

ity. N

o in

dica

tion

in th

e so

nic

and

susc

eptib

ility

dat

a. F

our

orie

nted

rada

r ref

lect

ors

at

417.

3 m

(011

/80)

, 424

.2 m

(1

51/8

8), 4

24.7

m (1

66/7

2 or

299

/9) a

nd a

t 427

.6 m

(0

92/2

4 or

200

/65)

. Tw

o no

n-or

ient

ed ra

dar

refle

ctor

s oc

cur a

t 427

.5 m

an

d 43

1.1

m w

ith th

e an

gle

to b

oreh

ole

axis

35

and

53 d

egre

es,

resp

ectiv

ely.

Con

fiden

ce

leve

l = 3

.

590.

00

0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

180°

0

270°

90°

180°

270°

90°

180°

2�

630.

0

640.

0

650.

0

660.

0

670.

0

680.

0

690.

0

700.

0

710.

0

720.

0

730.

0

740.

0

750.

0

760.

0

770.

0

780.

0

790.

0

800.

0

810.

0

820.

0

676.

0067

6.00

720.

00

RU

5Fi

ne- t

o m

ediu

m-g

rain

ed

met

agra

nito

id o

f gr

anod

iorit

ic to

tona

litic

co

mpo

sitio

n w

ith

subo

rdin

ate

med

ium

-gra

ined

met

agra

nite

-gra

nodi

orite

and

pegm

atiti

c gr

anite

. A

mph

ibol

ite is

abs

ent i

n th

e fin

e- to

m

ediu

m-g

rain

edm

etag

rani

toid

. Con

tact

s be

twee

n th

e fin

e- to

m

ediu

m-g

rain

edm

etag

rani

toid

and

the

med

ium

-gra

ined

met

agra

nite

-gra

nodi

orite

are

grad

ual a

nd th

e tw

o ro

cks

are

ofte

n di

fficu

lt to

se

para

te in

the

cont

act

zone

. Ano

mal

ous

high

si

lica

dens

ity a

nd lo

w

susc

eptib

ility

. Con

fiden

ce

leve

l = 3

.

720.

00

796.

00

DZ3

Incr

ease

d fre

quen

cy o

f m

ostly

sea

led,

ste

eply

di

ppin

g fra

ctur

es, w

ith a

sh

arp

cont

act o

n bo

th

side

s to

a v

ery

little

fra

ctur

ed b

edro

ck. T

wo

dist

inct

ive

inte

rval

s,

609–

616

m a

nd 7

12–7

20

m, w

ith d

ense

frac

ture

ne

twor

k an

d fa

int t

o w

eak

oxid

atio

n. F

aint

to m

ediu

m

oxid

atio

n is

loca

lly

obse

rved

alo

ng th

e w

hole

in

terv

al. P

redo

min

ant

fract

ure

min

eral

s ar

e la

umon

tite,

cal

cite

, chl

orite

an

d he

mat

ite s

tain

ing.

La

umon

tite

is p

rom

inen

t in

the

dens

e fra

ctur

e ne

twor

k in

terv

als.

Ape

rture

s ar

e ge

nera

lly le

ss th

an 1

mm

, w

ith o

ne ra

ngin

g up

to 4

m

m. L

ow re

sist

ivity

in th

e de

nsel

y fra

ctur

ed in

terv

als.

M

oder

ate

resi

stiv

ity

anom

alie

s in

the

rem

aini

ng

part.

Sus

cept

ibili

ty a

nd

soni

c ve

loci

ty s

eem

to b

e un

affe

cted

. Tot

ally

49

rada

r ref

lect

ors

in th

e in

terv

al. S

ix ra

dar

refle

ctor

s in

the

uppe

r of

the

dens

ely

fract

ured

in

terv

al, a

nd o

ne a

t 610

.9

m y

ield

a m

ore

conf

iden

t or

ient

atio

n of

232

/25.

Fou

r ra

dar r

efle

ctor

s in

the

low

er o

f the

den

sely

fra

ctur

ed in

terv

al; t

hree

ar

e or

ient

ed 1

23/7

1,

063/

80 a

nd 3

38/3

7.

Con

fiden

ce le

vel =

1 fo

r th

e w

hole

inte

rval

and

co

nfid

ence

leve

l = 3

for

the

dens

ely

fract

ured

in

terv

als.

0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

180°

2�

830.

0

840.

0

850.

0

860.

0

870.

0

880.

0

890.

0

900.

0

910.

0

920.

0

930.

0

940.

0

950.

0

960.

0

970.

0

980.

0

990.

0

1000

.010

00.0

0

RU

3cM

ediu

m-g

rain

edm

etag

rani

te-g

rano

dior

itew

ith s

ubor

dina

te

occu

rren

ces

of p

egm

atiti

c gr

anite

, and

fine

- to

med

ium

-gra

ined

met

agra

nito

id. L

ower

fre

quen

cy o

f am

phib

olite

co

mpa

red

to th

e re

mai

ning

pa

rt of

the

bore

hole

. S

ub-p

aral

lel r

adar

refle

ctor

30

-50

m fr

om th

e bo

reho

le

axis

, fro

m 8

40 m

to th

e en

d of

the

bore

hole

. C

onfid

ence

leve

l = 3

.

892.

00

916.

00

DZ4

Incr

ease

d fre

quen

cy o

f m

ostly

sea

led,

ste

eply

di

ppin

g fra

ctur

es. O

pen

fract

ures

with

ape

rture

s le

ss th

an 1

mm

and

fain

t to

wea

k ox

idat

ion

are

conc

entra

ted

in th

e lo

wer

pa

rt of

the

inte

rval

. P

redo

min

ant f

ract

ure

min

eral

s ar

e la

umon

tite,

ca

lcite

and

chl

orite

. M

oder

ate

resi

stiv

ity

anom

alie

s. S

usce

ptib

ility

an

d so

nic

velo

city

see

m to

be

una

ffect

ed. T

wo

orie

nted

rada

r ref

lect

ors

at

903.

2 m

(086

/48)

and

90

9.3

m (0

41/2

6). S

ix

non-

orie

nted

rada

r re

flect

ors

with

ang

le in

the

inte

rval

8-4

1 de

gree

s to

bo

reho

le a

xis.

Con

fiden

ce

leve

l = 2

.

936.

00

950.

00

DZ5

Incr

ease

d fre

quen

cy o

f bo

th o

pen

and

seal

ed,

stee

ply

dipp

ing

fract

ures

. P

art o

f the

inte

rval

sho

ws

fain

t to

wea

k ox

idat

ion.

P

redo

min

ant f

ract

ure

min

eral

s ar

e la

umon

tite,

ca

lcite

and

chl

orite

. A

pertu

res

less

than

1 m

m.

Mod

erat

e re

sist

ivity

an

omal

ies.

Sus

cept

ibili

ty

and

soni

c ve

loci

ty s

eem

to

be u

naffe

cted

. Tw

o or

ient

ed ra

dar r

efle

ctor

s at

93

2.9

m (0

01/3

3 or

00

5/75

) and

946

.1 m

(2

58/6

5). C

onfid

ence

leve

l =

2.

0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

180° 0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

180° 0°

270°

90°

180°

31

Appendix 2Geological single‑hole interpretation for HFM14

Pegm

atite

, peg

mat

itic

gran

iteG

rani

te to

gra

nodi

orite

, met

amor

phic

, med

ium

-gra

ined

Oxi

dize

dun

clas

sifie

dde

ns<2

680

(Gra

nite

)26

80<d

ens<

2730

(Gra

nodi

orite

)27

30<d

ens<

2800

(Ton

alite

)28

00<d

ens<

2890

(Dio

rite)

dens

>289

0 (G

abbr

o)

SILI

CA

TE D

ENSI

TYun

clas

sifie

dsu

s<0.

001

0.00

1<su

s<0.

010.

01<s

us<0

.1

SUSC

EPTI

BIL

ITET

uncl

assi

fied

gam

<20

20<g

am<3

636

<gam

<53

NA

TUR

AL

GA

MM

A

Sign

ed d

ata

Coo

rdin

ate

Syst

emR

T90-

RH

B70

Len

gth

[m]

150.

500

Titl

eSI

NG

LE

HO

LE

INT

ER

PRE

TA

TIO

N H

FM14

Dia

met

er [m

m]

136

Ele

vatio

n [m

.a.s.

l.]3.

91In

clin

atio

n [°

]-5

9.80

Bor

ehol

eH

FM14

Site

FOR

SMA

RK

Nor

thin

g [m

]66

9931

3.14

Surv

eyin

g D

ate

Eas

ting

[m]

1631

734.

59

Dat

e of

map

ping

2004

-02-

04 1

3:35

:00

RO

CK

TYPE

FOR

SMA

RK

Plot

Dat

e20

06-0

9-20

21:

10:1

2

Dri

lling

Sto

p D

ate

2003

-10-

09 1

5:00

:00

Bea

ring

[°]

331.

75

RO

CK

ALT

ERA

TIO

N

Dri

lling

Sta

rt D

ate

2003

-10-

06 1

4:00

:00

Roc

kTy

peR

ock

Alte

ratio

n

Ope

n an

dP

artly

Ope

nFr

actu

res

030

Sea

led

Frac

ture

s

030

Cru

shP

entra

tion

Rat

e (s

/20c

m)

050

BO

REM

AP

DA

TA

Sili

cate

Den

sity

Nat

ural

Gam

ma

Rad

iatio

n

Mag

netic

Sus

cept

ibili

ty

Est

imat

edFr

actu

re F

req

(fr/m

)

020

GEN

ERA

LIZE

D G

EOPH

YSIC

AL

DA

TA

Des

crip

tion

Roc

k U

nit

Roc

k U

nit O

pen

and

Par

tly O

pen

Frac

ture

s(P

roje

ctio

n W

ulff)

Roc

k U

nit S

eale

d Fr

actu

res

(Pro

ject

ion

Wul

ff)

RO

CK

UN

IT

Des

crip

tion

Pos

sibl

e D

efor

mat

ion

Zone

Pos

sibl

e D

efor

mat

ion

Zone

O

pen

and

Par

tly O

pen

Frac

ture

s(P

roje

ctio

n W

ulff)

Pos

sibl

e D

efor

mat

ion

Zone

Sea

led

Frac

ture

s(P

roje

ctio

n W

ulff)

POSS

IBLE

DEF

OR

MA

TIO

N Z

ON

ESD

epth

1m:5

00m

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.

0

110.

0

120.

0

130.

0

3.00

RU

1M

ediu

m-g

rain

edm

etag

rani

te-g

rano

dior

itew

ith s

ubor

dina

te

occu

rren

ces

of p

egm

atiti

c gr

anite

, am

phib

olite

, ap

litic

met

agra

nite

and

on

e oc

curr

ence

of f

ine-

to

med

ium

-gra

ined

met

agra

nito

id. W

eak

oxid

atio

n ha

s af

fect

ed th

e be

droc

k, m

ore

or le

ss,

alon

g th

e w

hole

bor

ehol

e le

ngth

. In

the

uppe

r 50

m

ther

e ar

e tw

o cr

ush

zone

s an

d tw

o fra

ctur

es w

ith

aper

ture

s w

ider

than

1

cm. T

hese

are

als

o in

dica

ted

in th

e ra

dar

mea

sure

men

ts a

nd a

s na

rrow

geo

phys

ical

an

omal

ies.

Con

fiden

ce

leve

l = 2

.

68.0

0

76.0

0

DZ1

Incr

ease

d fre

quen

cy o

f op

en, f

lat-l

ying

frac

ture

s,

som

e w

ith a

pertu

res

wid

er

than

1 c

m. M

ostly

chl

orite

an

d un

know

n fra

ctur

e fil

ling

min

eral

s. F

our r

adar

re

flect

ors

with

an

inte

rsec

tion

angl

e of

16

-80º

to th

e bo

reho

le

axis

. Low

mag

netic

su

scep

tibili

ty a

nd

resi

stiv

ity. S

ever

al c

alip

er

anom

alie

s. C

onfid

ence

le

vel =

3.

92.0

0D

Z2S

light

incr

ease

of o

pen,

fla

t-lyi

ng fr

actu

res,

with

ap

ertu

res

less

than

2 m

m.

Five

cru

sh z

ones

(5-3

2 cm

w

ide)

in th

e lo

wer

hal

f of

the

inte

rval

. Fra

ctur

e fil

ling

min

eral

s in

clud

e qu

artz

an

d ch

lorit

e. F

our r

adar

re

flect

ors

with

an

inte

rsec

tion

angl

e of

50

-63º

to th

e bo

reho

le

axis

Gen

eral

lylo

w

0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

180° 0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

180° 0°

270°

90°

180°

32

140.

0

150.

014

9.00

104.

00

axis

.Gen

eral

lylo

wm

agne

tic s

usce

ptib

ility

an

d re

sist

ivity

. Sev

eral

ca

liper

ano

mal

ies.

C

onfid

ence

leve

l = 3

.

33


Pegm

atite

, peg

mat

itic

gran

iteG

rani

te to

gra

nodi

orite

, met

amor

phic

, med

ium

-gra

ined

Oxi

dize

dun

clas

sifie

dde

ns<2

680

(Gra

nite

)26

80<d

ens<

2730

(Gra

nodi

orite

)27

30<d

ens<

2800

(Ton

alite

)

SILI

CA

TE D

ENSI

TYun

clas

sifie

dsu

s<0.

001

0.00

1<su

s<0.

010.

01<s

us<0

.1

SUSC

EPTI

BIL

ITET

uncl

assi

fied

gam

<20

20<g

am<3

636

<gam

<53

NA

TUR

AL

GA

MM

A

Sign

ed d

ata

Coo

rdin

ate

Syst

emR

T90-

RH

B70

Len

gth

[m]

99.5

00

Titl

eSI

NG

LE

HO

LE

INT

ER

PRE

TA

TIO

N H

FM15

Dia

met

er [m

m]

139

Ele

vatio

n [m

.a.s.

l.]3.

88In

clin

atio

n [°

]-4

3.69

Bor

ehol

eH

FM15

Site

FOR

SMA

RK

Nor

thin

g [m

]66

9931

2.44

Surv

eyin

g D

ate

Eas

ting

[m]

1631

733.

08

Dat

e of

map

ping

2004

-03-

03 1

8:01

:00

RO

CK

TYPE

FOR

SMA

RK

Plot

Dat

e20

06-0

9-20

21:

10:1

2

Dri

lling

Sto

p D

ate

2003

-10-

15 1

1:00

:00

Bea

ring

[°]

314.

31

RO

CK

ALT

ERA

TIO

N

Dri

lling

Sta

rt D

ate

2003

-10-

13 1

2:00

:00

Roc

kTy

peR

ock

Alte

ratio

n

Ope

n an

dP

artly

Ope

nFr

actu

res

030

Sea

led

Frac

ture

s

030

Cru

shP

entra

tion

Rat

e (s

/20c

m)

050

BO

REM

AP

DA

TA

Sili

cate

Den

sity

Nat

ural

Gam

ma

Rad

iatio

n

Mag

netic

Sus

cept

ibili

ty

Est

imat

edFr

actu

re F

req

(fr/m

)

020

GEN

ERA

LIZE

D G

EOPH

YSIC

AL

DA

TA

Des

crip

tion

Roc

k U

nit

Roc

k U

nit O

pen

and

Par

tly O

pen

Frac

ture

s(P

roje

ctio

n W

ulff)

Roc

k U

nit S

eale

d Fr

actu

res

(Pro

ject

ion

Wul

ff)

RO

CK

UN

IT

Des

crip

tion

Pos

sibl

e D

efor

mat

ion

Zone

Pos

sibl

e D

efor

mat

ion

Zone

O

pen

and

Par

tly O

pen

Frac

ture

s(P

roje

ctio

n W

ulff)

Pos

sibl

e D

efor

mat

ion

Zone

Sea

led

Frac

ture

s(P

roje

ctio

n W

ulff)

POSS

IBLE

DEF

OR

MA

TIO

N Z

ON

ESD

epth

1m:5

00m

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.

0

110.

0

4.00

99.0

0

RU

1M

ediu

m-g

rain

edm

etag

rani

te-g

rano

dior

itew

ith s

ubor

dina

te

occu

rren

ces

of p

egm

atiti

c gr

anite

and

apl

itic

met

agra

nite

,pr

edom

inan

tly in

the

low

er

half

of th

e bo

reho

le, a

nd

four

min

or (<

2 dm

wid

e)

occu

rren

ces

of

amph

ibol

ite. W

eak

oxid

atio

n ha

s af

fect

ed th

e be

droc

k, m

ore

or le

ss

alon

g th

e w

hole

bor

ehol

e le

ngth

. Gen

eral

ly

incr

ease

d fra

ctur

e fre

quen

cy re

lativ

e to

the

rem

aini

ng p

art o

f the

bo

reho

le, o

utsi

de th

e po

ssib

le d

efor

mat

ion

zone

, in

the

leng

th

inte

rval

s 4-

27.5

m a

nd

63.5

-75

m. T

hese

are

als

o in

dica

ted

in th

e ra

dar

mea

sure

men

ts a

nd a

s na

rrow

geo

phys

ical

an

omal

ies.

Tw

o cr

ush

zone

s (1

4 an

d 60

cm

w

ide)

in th

e up

per 1

1 m

of

the

bore

hole

. Con

fiden

ce

leve

l = 2

.

86.0

0

96.0

0

DZ1

Incr

ease

d fre

quen

cy o

f op

en, f

lat-l

ying

frac

ture

s,

with

ape

rture

s le

ss th

an 2

m

m. M

ostly

chl

orite

and

un

know

n fra

ctur

e fil

ling

min

eral

s. T

wo

rada

r re

flect

ors

with

an

inte

rsec

tion

angl

e ar

ound

50

º to

the

bore

hole

axi

s.

Low

mag

netic

su

scep

tibili

ty a

nd

resi

stiv

ity. S

ever

al c

alip

er

anom

alie

s. C

onfid

ence

le

vel =

3.

0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

180°

3�


Pegm

atite

, peg

mat

itic

gran

iteG

rani

te to

gra

nodi

orite

, met

amor

phic

, med

ium

-gra

ined

Am

phib

olite

Oxi

dize

dun

clas

sifie

dde

ns<2

680

(Gra

nite

)26

80<d

ens<

2730

(Gra

nodi

orite

)27

30<d

ens<

2800

(Ton

alite

)28

00<d

ens<

2890

(Dio

rite)

dens

>289

0 (G

abbr

o)

SILI

CA

TE D

ENSI

TYun

clas

sifie

dsu

s<0.

001

0.00

1<su

s<0.

010.

01<s

us<0

.1

SUSC

EPTI

BIL

ITET

uncl

assi

fied

gam

<20

20<g

am<3

636

<gam

<53

NA

TUR

AL

GA

MM

A

Sign

ed d

ata

Coo

rdin

ate

Syst

emR

T90-

RH

B70

Len

gth

[m]

185.

200

Titl

eSI

NG

LE

HO

LE

INT

ER

PRE

TA

TIO

N H

FM19

Dia

met

er [m

m]

137

Ele

vatio

n [m

.a.s.

l.]3.

66In

clin

atio

n [°

]-5

8.09

Bor

ehol

eH

FM19

Site

FOR

SMA

RK

Nor

thin

g [m

]66

9925

7.59

Surv

eyin

g D

ate

Eas

ting

[m]

1631

626.

93

Dat

e of

map

ping

2004

-03-

05 0

0:00

:00

RO

CK

TYPE

FOR

SMA

RK

Plot

Dat

e20

06-0

9-20

21:

10:1

2

Dri

lling

Sto

p D

ate

2003

-12-

18 1

6:55

:00

Bea

ring

[°]

280.

91

RO

CK

ALT

ERA

TIO

N

Dri

lling

Sta

rt D

ate

2003

-12-

02 1

1:10

:00

Roc

kTy

peR

ock

Alte

ratio

n

Ope

n an

dP

artly

Ope

nFr

actu

res

030

Sea

led

Frac

ture

s

030

Cru

shP

entra

tion

Rat

e (s

/20c

m)

050

BO

REM

AP

DA

TA

Sili

cate

Den

sity

Nat

ural

Gam

ma

Rad

iatio

n

Mag

netic

Sus

cept

ibili

ty

Est

imat

edFr

actu

re F

req

(fr/m

)

020

GEN

ERA

LIZE

D G

EOPH

YSIC

AL

DA

TA

Des

crip

tion

Roc

k U

nit

Roc

k U

nit O

pen

and

Par

tly O

pen

Frac

ture

s(P

roje

ctio

n W

ulff)

Roc

k U

nit S

eale

d Fr

actu

res

(Pro

ject

ion

Wul

ff)

RO

CK

UN

IT

Des

crip

tion

Pos

sibl

e D

efor

mat

ion

Zone

Pos

sibl

e D

efor

mat

ion

Zone

O

pen

and

Par

tly O

pen

Frac

ture

s(P

roje

ctio

n W

ulff)

Pos

sibl

e D

efor

mat

ion

Zone

Sea

led

Frac

ture

s(P

roje

ctio

n W

ulff)

POSS

IBLE

DEF

OR

MA

TIO

N Z

ON

ESD

epth

1m:5

00m

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.

0

110.

0

120.

0

130.

0

11.0

0

RU

1M

ediu

m-g

rain

edm

etag

rani

te-g

rano

dior

itew

ith s

ubor

dina

te

occu

rren

ces

of p

egm

atiti

c gr

anite

, apl

itic

met

agra

nite

, am

phib

olite

an

d fin

e- to

m

ediu

m-g

rain

edm

etag

rani

toid

. Loc

ally

w

eak

oxid

atio

n. T

wo

c. 3

m

wid

e oc

curr

ence

s of

am

phib

olite

in th

e lo

wer

mos

t par

t of t

he

bore

hole

. Hig

h m

agne

tic

susc

eptib

ility

in th

e up

perm

ost 5

0 m

of t

he

bore

hole

. Gen

eral

ly

incr

ease

d fra

ctur

e fre

quen

cy re

lativ

e to

the

rem

aini

ng p

art o

f the

bo

reho

le, o

utsi

de th

e po

ssib

le d

efor

mat

ion

zone

, dow

n to

26

m. O

ne

10 c

m w

ide

crus

h zo

ne a

t 12

.5 m

. Con

fiden

ce le

vel

= 2.

121.

00D

Z1In

crea

sed

frequ

ency

of

pred

omin

antly

ope

n fra

ctur

es. F

ract

ures

in th

e lo

wer

10

m o

f the

inte

rval

ar

e st

eepl

y di

ppin

g.

Mos

tly c

hlor

ite, c

alci

te a

nd

unkn

own

fract

ure

fillin

g m

iner

als.

Exc

ept f

or o

ne

fract

ure

with

an

aper

ture

w

ider

than

1 c

m in

the

uppe

rmos

t par

t, al

l ap

ertu

res

are

less

than

3

0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

180°

0°

270°

90°

0°

270°

90°

36

140.

0

150.

0

160.

0

170.

0

180.

0

190.

0

200.

0

210.

0

220.

0

185.

00

148.

00

aper

ture

sar

ele

ssth

an3

mm

. Loc

ally

wea

k ox

idat

ion.

Fou

r rad

ar

refle

ctor

s w

ith a

n in

ters

ectio

n an

gle

of

10-7

6 º t

o th

e bo

reho

le

axis

. A fe

w s

onic

and

m

oder

ate

resi

stiv

ity

anom

alie

s. C

onfid

ence

le

vel =

2.

168.

00

185.

00

DZ2

Mar

ked

incr

ease

of b

oth

open

and

sea

led

fract

ures

. Ide

ntifi

ed

fract

ure

min

eral

s in

clud

e ch

lorit

e, c

alci

te, q

uartz

, he

mat

ite a

nd p

rehn

ite.

Ape

rture

s ge

nera

lly le

ss

than

2 m

m, e

xcep

t for

one

fra

ctur

e w

ith a

n ap

ertu

re

wid

er th

an 1

0 m

m in

the

uppe

rmos

t par

t. G

ener

ally

w

eak

oxid

atio

n. L

ow

mag

netic

sus

cept

ibili

ty

and

resi

stiv

ity. C

onfid

ence

le

vel =

3.

180° 0°

270°

90°

180°

180° 0°

270°

90°

180°

forsmark site investigation – geological single-hole ... · estimated ff grainsize coordinate...

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