forselius - new look at project management triangle

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New Look at Project Management Triangle

2°°°°International Conference on

IT Data collection, Analysis and Benchmarking

Tokyo (Japan) - October 22, 2014

Pekka Forselius

4SUM Partners

[email protected] here a picture

2IT Confidence 2014 – October 22, 2014 http://itconfidence2014.wordpress.com

Prj Mgmt Triangle Goals of the presentation

�G1. Introduce the main elements any Project Manager should take into account

�G2. Propose new viewpoints on the PM Triangle for a better management of a project

�G3. Introduce the “northernSCOPE™” approach and related process


•One of the ten knowledge areas of project management (source: Project Management Body

of Knowledge, PMI)

•… is primarily concerned with defining and

controlling what is and is not included in the project.

Project Scope Management – What?Prj Mgmt Triangle


Project Management TrianglePrj Mgmt Triangle

4


Observations about PM trianglePrj Mgmt Triangle

”If you can’t measure it, you cannot manage it!” –For management purposes all three dimensions need to be measured, and the measurement principles shall be defined. Examples:

Cost = Supplier’s development cost from requirements specification to ready to install.

Time = Duration of development in months, from the same activities as above.

Scope = Quantity or size of the outcomes.

Shape and size of the triangle are not constant!


A new look at the PM trianglePrj Mgmt Triangle

Everybody wants more outcomes with same cost and time, i.e. ”higher triangle”, but how to get it?

What are the important elements of a triangle?

How to influence the shape of a triangle?


Elements of a PM trianglePrj Mgmt Triangle


Examples of IT PM trianglesPrj Mgmt Triangle


Public sector reality in 2013Prj Mgmt Triangle

The numbered projects (1-6) used northernSCOPE™ management concept!


My target cost and speed for budgetingPrj Mgmt Triangle

Is this level acceptable for my company? Is it too ambitious? What will be the

target Pay Back Period?


My sub-system estimates vs. ”standards”Prj Mgmt Triangle


Business case, starting pointPrj Mgmt Triangle

• Early requirements from a feasibility study, including business processes

• Stakeholder analysis, including users

• Scope statement, system overview picture

• Will another system be replaced?• Investment calculations, including numbers of transactions, volumes, etc.

• Rough budget and schedule


Amount of outcomesPrj Mgmt Triangle

• Size of the software, estimated and measured in Function Points

• Methods: all ISO/IEC FSM standards, most likely FiSMA method (ISO/IEC 29881:2010) at all accuracy levels

• Tools: FiSMA 1.1 Size Estimator and Experience® Service

• An independent Scope Manager recommended (not necessary to be external)


Focus on quality tooPrj Mgmt Triangle

• Quality requirements MUST be connected to functional requirements

• Method: start connection from entire system and business processes

• Tools: FiSMA Quality Requirements Analysis, ISO/IEC 9126 and 25010 (Software product quality standards)


Capability of Developer TeamPrj Mgmt Triangle

• The better the capability of developer team, the less re-work needed, and the more competitive price they can propose!

• The capability level depends on how well the developers can:

• Read, question, communicate, and understand the functional requirements

• Design the functions• Provide the program code

• Test the outcome units and integrated components

• Prepare the installation of software.

NOTE! The

required developer

skills are all related

to SDLC –standard

(ISO/IEC 12207)


Capability of Product OwnerPrj Mgmt Triangle

• The better the capability of product owner, the faster the delivery of software!

• The capability level depends on how clearly the product owner can:

• Recognize and define all users• Write all necessary user stories• Specify terms and define ER model• Draw business process charts• Write and update use cases• Define functional requirements• Specify quality requirements

NOTE! The skills

required from the

product owner have

NOTHING to do with

management approach

(agile or not).


The most important metricsPrj Mgmt Triangle

• To evaluate first the reality of project plans, and in the end the success of the project we need to measure:

– Delivery speed = h/b (FPs/month)

– Unit price = a/h (€/FP)


northernSCOPE™ - What?Prj Mgmt Triangle

• A professional scope management concept for software intensive development and maintenance from Finnish Software Measurement Association (FiSMA).

• A management concept that describes the Scope Manager’s work with twelve steps, covering the development life cycle from feasibility study and initial requirements to program closure and collecting lessons learned.


Three corner stones of northernSCOPE™Prj Mgmt Triangle

• Software project sizing using Functional Size Measurement (where appropriate) FP

• Unit pricing in cost per function point €/FP

• Independent Scope Manager provides scope transparency and governance


12 steps of northernSCOPE™Prj Mgmt Triangle

Source: CrossTalk January/February 2010


Functional size – Function pointsPrj Mgmt Triangle

• 5 ISO/IEC standard methods

• Easy to learn and use

• Training and support available

• FiSMA 1.1 method transparent equally for the product owner and the developer

• All methods based on functional user requirements

• If no requirements or no delivered functionality, no size measurement can be done.


Unit price €/FPPrj Mgmt Triangle

• ISBSG has collected more than 7000 projects• FiSMA has collected more than 1000 projects• Almost 1000 applications in the M&S repository• Productivity varies a lot, but with good data and good classifiers it’s possible to find very realistic price level.

• Experience® tools support estimation with high quality knowledge databases.

• 100 €/FP is very inexpensive, 2000 €/FP is extremely expensive in most of the cases.


Independent Scope ManagerPrj Mgmt Triangle

• Almost 150 northernSCOPE™ Certified Scope Managers (see ECQA and 4sumpartners.com)

• Finland, Germany, Denmark, The Netherlands, Peru, USA

• Also in Victoria, Australia, where the southernSCOPE is applied

• Five days training program available in English and in Finnish, also partially in Danish.


Thank you!Prj Mgmt Triangle

• Pekka Forselius, MSc, MBA, Certified Scope Manager, Immediate Past President of ISBSG, Senior Advisor at FiSMA

• email: [email protected]

• see also www.4sumpartners.com, www.fisma.fi and www.isbsg.org

forselius - new look at project management triangle

Business

budgetingprj mgmt triangle

standardsprj mgmt triangle

pm triangleprj mgmt

higher triangle

pm trianglesprj mgmt

prj mgmt triangle goals

project scope management

better management