formulating a natural colorant containing wax for a …...formulating a natural colorant containing...
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Formulating a natural colorant
containing wax for a one-step color-
add application for fresh citrus
Jinhe Bai a, Xiuxiu Sun a, Elizabeth Baldwin a, Robert Hagenmaier a, Mark Ritenour b
a USDA, ARS, USHRL, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945b Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ft. Pierce, FL 34845
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Introduction
Initiation of the project to search an alternative to Citrus Red
Number 2
Request from Peter Chairs to Dr. Liz Baldwin, USDA-ARS research
leader
Basic advises from Dr. Alvin Chen (JBT): water insoluble materials.
Dr. Xiuxiu Sun (Postdoc hired by Dr. Mark Ritenour and runs tests in
USDA.
Dr. Robert Hagenmaier (retired USDA scientist): Technical adviser
CR2
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Challenges
Once added to water, the
solution becomes jelatinous
and can harden
1. Solubility
Soluble in pine oil, however, it is extremely difficult to make an application dilution in water.
Natural colorants
In pine oil
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Challenges
2. Color stability
Day 0
Day 1
Day 2
Day 7
Fading of color when
exposed to AIR
Oxidation of
carotenoids
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Wax protected color (carotenoids) from fading
Day 0 Day 1
Day 2 Day 7
Waxed
Non
Waxed
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Why not formulate a wax +
colorant mixture and change
the current two-step process
to one?
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Colored wax coating
Carnauba wax
Annatto+Carnauba
wax
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Morpholine is easy to use in the basic formulation, but is
now being replaced by ammonia for all formulations
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Treatment Day0 Day7 (20 °C) Day14 (10 °C)
Control (Wax only)
CR2 then wax
Paprika in wax
1
Comparison between the current two-step CR2 + wax vs. the one-step paprika in wax
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Technology: accumulation of colorants/waxes in the valleys of the uneven citrus fruit surface
Commercialization: we are working with several wax suppliers and packers toward improving the formulation and application in citrus packinghouses.
Where are we?
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Acknowledgement
Advises and supplies:
Dr. Alvin Chen (JBT FoodTech)
Food Ingredient Solutions, LLC ; WILD Flavors Inc
Kalsec
Our team:
Dr. Xiuxiu Sun
Dr. Elizabeth Baldwin
Dr. Mark Ritenour
Dr. Robert Hagenmaier
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ControlChlorine dioxide
Diplodia stem-end rot symptoms (28 days at 50oF+ 7 days at 68oF)
Use controlled-release chlorine dioxide to control diplodia stem-end rot
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Take home message
• Paprika and annatto are alternatives to Citrus Red No. 2.
• A one-step coloring and waxing technology has been developed.
• Curoxin chlorine dioxide reduces incidence of diplodia stem-end rot in Grapefruit.