formulated feed development for common octopus (octopus ... · temperature values for octopus:...
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Formulated feed development for common octopus (Octopus vulgaris).
Jesus Cerezo Valverde
Formulated feeds have been recently developed that are acceptable to octopus with good
growth rates and feed efficiency. It was deduced that such feeds should be stable in
water and with a firm and homogenous (non-granular) texture, have a degree of
flexibility so as not to disaggregate during manipulation. Also, the presence of chemical
substances that might lead to rejection had to be avoided. Fish, crustacean or mollusc
paste mixed with different binders (alginates or gelatines) gave a moist feed (>70%
water) with a texture that was suitable for manipulation and ingestion. Semi-moist feeds
(41-54 % water) include approximately similar parts of water and dry ingredients (meals
or freeze-dried or protein concentrates). Also include binder such as gelatine, starch or
gums. Specific growth rates were between 0.4-1.4 % body weight/day. Noteworthy is
the high feed efficiency rates obtained with semi-moist feeds (80-116% of the food
consumed). Our results suggest that efforts should be aimed towards improving intake,
by optimizing textures or including attractants, as well as improving nutritional
composition. In this sense, studies on short-term starvation and exhaustive studies on
the biochemistry of cephalopods and their natural diets are helping us in understanding
nutritional requirements for cephalopods.
Optimal water quality parameters for
common octopus (Octopus vulgaris
Cuvier, 1797) maintenance.
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Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario
Instituto Murciano de Investigación y
Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario
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1. Temperature
2. Oxygen Levels
3. Water flow rates
4. Nitrogen compounds
5. Salinity
COST Action FA1301 CephsInAction (14-16 March Meeting, Barcelona)
TEMPERATURE VALUES FOR OCTOPUS: GROWTHInstituto Murciano de Investigación y
Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario
Instituto Murciano de Investigación y
Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
TEMPERATURE (ºC)AB
SO
LU
TE
GR
OW
TH
R
AT
ES
(g
/da
y) Boga
Cangrejo
Topt Growth =17.5ºC
Aguado Giménez, F. & García García, B. (2002). Growth and food intake models in Octopus vulgaris
Cuvier (1797): influence of body weight, temperature, sex and diet. Aquacult. Int. 10: 361-377
Maximum Growth Rates: 17-19ºC
COST Action FA1301 CephsInAction (14-16 March Meeting, Barcelona)
TEMPERATURE VALUES FOR OCTOPUS: SURVIVAL (TANKS)Instituto Murciano de Investigación y
Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario
Instituto Murciano de Investigación y
Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Ene. Feb. Mar. Abr. May. Jun. Jul. Ago. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Mo
rta
lity
(%
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Te
mp
era
ture
(ºC
)
Boga Cangrejo Temperatura
Tmáx Cultivo = 22ºC
Aguado Giménez, F. & García García, B. (2002). Growth and food intake models in Octopus vulgaris
Cuvier (1797): influence of body weight, temperature, sex and diet. Aquacult. Int. 10: 361-377
COST Action FA1301 CephsInAction (14-16 March Meeting, Barcelona)
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TEMPERATURE VALUES FOR OCTOPUS: SURVIVAL
(OFF-SHORE SEACAGES)
Instituto Murciano de Investigación y
Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario
Instituto Murciano de Investigación y
Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario
García García, B., Cerezo Valverde, J., Aguado-Gimenez, F., García García, J., Hernandez, M.D. Growth
and mortality of common octopus Octopus vulgaris reared at different stocking densities in
Mediterranean offshore cages. Aquacult. Res., 40: 1202-1212.
COST Action FA1301 CephsInAction (14-16 March Meeting, Barcelona)
Suitable dissolved oxygen levels for octopusInstituto Murciano de Investigación y
Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario
Instituto Murciano de Investigación y
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1. Depending on Temperature and Body Weight
2. Oxygen saturation levels for O. vulgaris:
OXYGEN SATURATION (%)
T (ºC) 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10
16
19
22
25
28
OPTIMAL
SUB-OPTIMAL
LETHAL
DANGEROUS
Values estimated for a 500-g body weight animal at different temperatures
Cerezo Valverde, J. & García García, B., 2005. Suitable dissolved oxygen levels for common octopus
(Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797) at different weights and temperatures. Aquaculture, 244: 303-314.
-Optimal: Vf and MO2 are not disturbed;
-Sub-optimal: Vf is disturbed but not MO2;
-Dangerous: both Vf and MO2 values are disturbed;
-Lethal: Vf stopped for 60 s.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
14 16 18 20 22 24
Temperatura (ºC)
mg
O2
/l
O2 Ent. O2 Sal. O2 Disp.
100%
55% 65%
75%85%
Instituto Murciano de Investigación y
Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario
Instituto Murciano de Investigación y
Desarrollo Agrario y AlimentarioWATER FLOW RATES FOR OCTOPUS:
TEMPERATURE & BODY WEIGHT
Cerezo Valverde, J. & García García, B. (2004). Influence of body weight and temperature on post-prandial
oxygen consumption of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris).(2005/Aquaculture, 244: 303-314)
COST Action FA1301 CephsInAction (14-16 March Meeting, Barcelona)
Mean Daily Flow Rates with Feeding at different temperatures and body weight
(litres/kg/hour)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 1 2 3 4
Peso corporal (Kg)
Q (
l/K
g p
ulp
o/h
)
15
18
21
24
TºC
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 1 2 3 4
Peso corporal (Kg)
Q (
l/K
g p
ulp
o/h
)
QR
QMD
QMAX
WATER FLOW RATES FOR OCTOPUS: FEEDING
COST Action FA1301 CephsInAction (14-16 March Meeting, Barcelona)
QR = Mean Daily Flow Rates (Starvation-Routine Status)
QMD = Mean Daily Flow Rates with Feeding
QMAX = Maximum Flow Rates to cover maximum peak post-feeding
TO
TA
L A
MM
ON
IA N
ITR
OG
EN
(m
g/L
)
Hours
Critical concentration
20.0
0.1
<0.1
<1.00
Aquaculture
Research
Purposes
(Subadults-Adults)
N-NO3- (mg/L)
N-NO2- (mg/L)
N-NH3 (mg/L)
TAN (N-NH4+ + N-NH3) (mg/L)
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
Instituto Murciano de Investigación y
Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario
Instituto Murciano de Investigación y
Desarrollo Agrario y AlimentarioNITROGEN COMPOUNDS
COST Action FA1301 CephsInAction (14-16 March Meeting, Barcelona)
COST Action FA1301 CephsInAction (14-16 March Meeting, Barcelona)Instituto Murciano de Investigación y
Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario
Instituto Murciano de Investigación y
Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario
García García B., Cerezo Valverde J., Gómez E., Hernández M.D., Aguado-Giménez, F. (2011). Ammonia
excretion of octopus (Octopus vulgaris) in relation to body weight and protein intake. Aquaculture 319:
162-167.
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS: AMMONIA EXCRETION
COST Action FA1301 CephsInAction (14-16 March Meeting, Barcelona)Instituto Murciano de Investigación y
Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario
Instituto Murciano de Investigación y
Desarrollo Agrario y AlimentarioSALINITY VALUES FOR OCTOPUS
-PERSONAL OBSERVATION (IMIDA): Abrupt changes in salinity
(37 to 34 gr/L on the same day) cause massive escapes.
-CHAPELA et al. (2006), Rías Galicia: High mortality below 32 gr/L
-DELGADO et al. (2011), IRTA: No differences in growth or
survival in a range of 29-34 gr/L