forms of shadow labour activities/ undeclared work grigor gradev, etui
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Forms of shadow labour activities/ undeclared work
Grigor Gradev, ETUI
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Patterns of activities referred to as “informality” by logic of operation and TU interest - provisional
Classical – survival strategy – ILO: “the dilemma of the informal sector”. Developing ”in” or “out” of informality
Breach of law – “survival”?/profit maximizing strategies – the dilemma of trade unions. Forced labour.
Voluntary/standard labour market practice – undeclared wage payments
What kind of economies and societies: informalisation / precariousness – deviation or element of future economy/ labour market ?
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Classical
Traditional groups Street vendors, taxi drivers, small local
producers, domestic workers, hairdressers, etc. New groups
“dependant” self-employed highly qualified professionals
What solution – same activity out of the shadow, change of activity, stabilisation in the shadow ?
What role for trade unions? – orgasnise, for what How about development of business – strategy?
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Breach of law Meaning in society with deficit of rule of law Main forms of work:
No contract Delay/ no payment of social security Less/ no wages – normal work, overtime,
other conditions Variations
Forced labour
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Breach of law
Dimensions: Legal Institutional Procedural
Ideas tried Obligatory registration of contracts Guaranteeing return procedures Electronically linked systems Unified labour inspection powers – terms & conditions Sanctions for using undeclared work – target
employers
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Voluntary/ standard labour practice
Undeclared work remuneration Why possible Where the money comes from Why people agree
Impact of flat/low tax Social fragmentation – low trust/low social
capital societies. Challenge to collective interests/collective action.
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ideas
Frame and limit cash transactions Wages paid through banks Minimum social security tresholds Incentives for customers to press companies – VAT Financial / credit incentives for development and
efficiency of SMEs – only? Simplification of administrative procedures What is the purpose of SMEs – survive forever? Labour inspection capacities What role for the unions – collective bargaining,
organise?
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Links to corruption
Pools of unaccounted money – at full discretion of the economic agents – bribes, state capture, etc.
Taxation services and integrity Public procurement – social clause
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EU accession opportunity
The strategic moment for change The focus on taxation, evasion,
informalisation How WB trade unions see their future:
Attract FDI Fit the proposed fiscal/banking union and
EU economic governance perspective
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Thank you for the attention
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