Formation and Structure of the EarthSection Quiz Review

on a diagram of the Earth’s interior, label the following parts: crust, inner core, mantle, outer core, lithosphere, asthensophere

Describe the following parts of the Earth: crust, inner core, mantle, outer core, lithosphere, asthensophere • The crust is the thin, rigid layer of lighter rock The crust is the thin, rigid layer of lighter rock

that covers the earth’s surface; it is solid and that covers the earth’s surface; it is solid and reaches about 65 km into the interior of the reaches about 65 km into the interior of the

earth; it is attached to the mantle by the earth; it is attached to the mantle by the Mohorovic layerMohorovic layer

• The mantle is the layer of molten rock below the The mantle is the layer of molten rock below the crust that extends from the crust to the core; the crust that extends from the crust to the core; the upper portion just below the crust is more solid upper portion just below the crust is more solid while the lower portion that reaches the core is while the lower portion that reaches the core is more liquid; it is the thickest layer of the earthmore liquid; it is the thickest layer of the earth

Describe the following parts of the Earth: crust, inner core, mantle, outer core, lithosphere, asthensophere • The lithosphere includes The lithosphere includes all of the crust and the all of the crust and the

upper mantleupper mantle which is mostly solid; it is broken which is mostly solid; it is broken into sections called plates that float and move into sections called plates that float and move

on the layer underneath on the layer underneath • The asthenosphere is made from the The asthenosphere is made from the lower lower portion of the mantleportion of the mantle that is more molten than that is more molten than

the upper part; the plates of the lithosphere the upper part; the plates of the lithosphere floats on this layerfloats on this layer

Describe the following parts of the Earth: crust, inner core, mantle, outer core, lithosphere, asthensophere • The core in the central part of the Earth; it is The core in the central part of the Earth; it is

made of the outer core and the inner coremade of the outer core and the inner core• The The outer coreouter core is liquid/molten iron and nickel; it is liquid/molten iron and nickel; it

flows around the inner core; as it moves it flows around the inner core; as it moves it produces the Earth’s magnetic fieldproduces the Earth’s magnetic field

• The The inner coreinner core is solid iron and nickel; it is is solid iron and nickel; it is about twice as big as the Earth’s moonabout twice as big as the Earth’s moon

Describe the sources of the Earth’s internal heat

• The surface of the earth is heated by radiation The surface of the earth is heated by radiation from the sunfrom the sun

• The earth has stored heat from when it was The earth has stored heat from when it was formed out of molten magmaformed out of molten magma

• The weight and pressure of the crust and mantle The weight and pressure of the crust and mantle causes the core to produce heatcauses the core to produce heat

• The decay of radioactive elements in the crust, The decay of radioactive elements in the crust, mantle and core produces heatmantle and core produces heat

• The friction of rock layers moving in the crust The friction of rock layers moving in the crust produces heat produces heat

Describe the nebular theory of the formation of the earth

• A large cold, cloud of interstellar gas is formed during A large cold, cloud of interstellar gas is formed during the explosion of a star (supernova)the explosion of a star (supernova)

Describe the nebular theory of the formation of the earth

• Small particles in this cloud collide to form larger Small particles in this cloud collide to form larger particlesparticles

• The large particles have more gravity so they begin to The large particles have more gravity so they begin to attract other materials and become even largerattract other materials and become even larger

Describe the nebular theory of the formation of the earth

• These particles continued to grow larger forming These particles continued to grow larger forming spheres called planetessimalsspheres called planetessimals

Describe the nebular theory of the formation of the earth

• These planetessimals collided with each other and These planetessimals collided with each other and combined together to form protoplanetscombined together to form protoplanets

• Some of these protoplanets collided and combined to Some of these protoplanets collided and combined to form the earth and the other rocky planetsform the earth and the other rocky planets