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Formalizing community-based fisheries management, challenges and opportunity:
A case from Selayar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Dedi S Adhuri ([email protected]), Indonesian Institute of Sciences Ali Yansyah A., Indonesian Institute of SciencesHelen Ross, Queensland University
October 2, 2018Co-organized with the Republic of Korea's Ministry of Ocean in FisheriesCo-organized with the Republic of Korea's Ministry of Ocean in Fisheries
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The Status of Fish Exploitation Level in Indonesian Fisheries Management Areas (2015)
WPP-RI 571
Fish type Status
Demersal
Reef fish
Small pelagic
Squid
Big pelagic
Shrimp
Lobster
Mud Crab
Swimming crab
WPP-RI 572
Fish typeStatus
Stok
Demersal
Reef fish
Small pelagic
Squid
Big pelagic
Shrimp
Lobster
Mud Crab
Swimming crab
WPP-RI 573
Fish type
Statu
s
Stok
Demersal
Reef fish
Small pelagic
Squid
Big pelagic
Shrimp
Lobster
Mud Crab
Swimming crab
WPP-RI 711
Fish typeStatu
s
Demersal
Reef fish
Small pelagic
Squid
Big pelagic
Shirmp
Lobster
Mud crab
Swimming
crab
WPP-RI 712
Fish type Status
Demersal
Reef fish
Small pelagic
Squid
Big pelagic
Shrimp
Lobster
Mud Crab
Swimming
crab
WPP-RI 713
Fish typeStatu
s
Demersal
Reef fish
Small pelagic
Squid
Big pleagis
Shrimp
Lobster
Mud crab
Swimming
crab
WPP-RI 714
Fish typeStatu
s
Demersal
Reef fish
Small pelagic
Squid
Big pelagic
Shrimp
Lobster
Mud crab
Swimming
crab
WPP-RI 715
Fish type Status
Demersal
Reef fish
Small pelagic
Squid
Big pelagic
Shrimp
Lobster
Mud Crab
Swimming
crab
WPP-RI 716
Fish typeStatu
s
Demersal
Reef fish
Small pelagic
Squid
Big pelagic
Shrimp
Lobster
Mud Crab
Swimming
crab
WPP-RI 717
Fish type Status
Demersal
Reef fish
Small pelagic
Squid
Big pelagis
Shrimp
Lobster
Mud Crab
Swimming
crab
WPP-RI 718
Fish typeStatu
s
Demersal
Reef fish
Small pelagic
Squid
Big pelagic
Shrimp
Lobster
Mud cab
Swimming
crab
Fish Resource Status in Indonesian Fisheries Management Areas
Fish resources 12,5 Millions tones
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General Features of Indonesian Fisheries
-
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Fishing Vessels in Indonesian Fisheries
subsisten fishery small scale fishery
medium scale fishery industrial scale fishery
Production 6,21 Million tones (2015)
Coastal communities contribute to about 25% of Indonesian poor people
625,633587641
Multiple gears and target species
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• Why Indonesian (small scale) fisheries is as it is now?
- many reasons, but one of the most important is lack of management/poor governance:
-small scale fisheries is the least regulated fisheries (tend to crate open access regime on the ground/in the sea and top-down management)
- Government has limited capacity/capability to manage the fisheries
- Recently there is a shift toward decentralization and recognition of the traditional rights of the community to manage their own resources.
This has stimulated the move toward strengthening community-based fisheries (coastal management) through revitalization and ‘upgrading’
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Community-based Fisheries/Coastal Management in Indonesia
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Selayar: The context
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The sitesBungaiya
Parak
Population: 1,839 people515 households
Population: 2,516 people693 households
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Our participatory process (overview)
1. Team: 3 researchers, 3 existing
local facilitators
- Building local capacity
- Gender balance
2. Participatory diagnosis case studies with
villages
– Community meetings
– Participant observation, with interviews
– Regular communication
3. Regular meetings with district and
provincial govt. and wider audience
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Existing management practice
Village management area Village MPA Informal regulations on fishing
practices Customary proceeding on appre
hension of destructive fishing Village management committee
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But
Two villages in conflict over fisheries, others affected
and watching
Their referral to higher authorities invoked ecological
ly and socially undesirable win-lose solutions
Destructive fishing (particularly by outsiders is still
a threat
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Combines multiple forms of knowledge, and management role:
MPA modeling
Policy analysis Conflict mapping
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• Policy analysis to look at the legal room to support community-based c
oastal management
Some regulations on coastal management
Convincing local government to support community
But Law No. 23/2014 on Regional Government takes out the authority of district govt. to manage the first 4 miles of coastal water.
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Village regulation (law) on coastal management
content: definition of management area regulation of fishing practices MPAs Management committee
The results
The village regulations(Peraturan Desa)
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Post project
Dwindling implementation in Bungaiaya due to tension between village leaders:-political contestation- Different attitude toward the legal standing of the village regulation
Follow up by Parak village:
- Coordination with higher govt institutions forimplementation
- Integration of coastal management with village government financial support
- Integration of ‘garbage bank’ activities to the coastal management.
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Turn garbage from pollution to source of income and improved fisheries
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Concluding Remarks
There is always ‘seeds’ to plant
Not always successful
Strong leadership important keys for success (enabling condition)
Ways to go forward:- Improve existing practice- Improve legal/formal govt. support
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Acknowledgement CCRESS Bungaiaya and Parak Communities INFOPESCA (Rodrigo Misa) FAO Rome office (Rebecca Mezner)