forest ecosystem
TRANSCRIPT
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF
FOREST & GRASS LAND
Presented byMOHAMMED M
S5 EEERoll no 36
1
Overview Introduction FOREST GRASS LAND
Abiotic component Biotic component producers consumers Decomposers
2
IntroductionFOREST ECOSYSTEM Type of terrestrial ecosystem Usually of plant or animal origin Optimum conditions of temperature and ground moisture responsible for
growth of trees Includes a complex assemblage of different kinds of biotic communities. Contains essential nutrients, such as fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals Each type of forest has its own flora and fauna are present
3
4
Temperateforest
forest
Tropical
forest
Sub-tropicalforest
Temperateforest
Tropicalforest
Sub-tropicalforest
Different components of Forest ecosystem
Forest ecosyste
m
Abiotic compone
nt
Biotic component
s
5
Producer organism
s
Consumer
Organisms
Decomposers
Abiotic component These are the inorganic as well as organic substances present in the soil
and atmosphere. Some trace elements are also present in soil
5
Producers These are mainly trees that show much species diversity The trees are of different kinds depending upon the kind of forest formation. Trees are also present shrubs and ground vegetation The main producers are flora Other producers ( Tectona grandis, Butea frondosa,etc) In temperate deciduous forest (Acer,Betula,picea etc)
5
consumers Primary consumers. These are herbivores that include the animals feeding on tree leaves as
(Ants,beetles,leaf hoppers,spiders,etc.) And large animals eats fruits of Producers(Elephants,Nilgai,Deer,flying
foxes,etc) Secondary consumers It consumes Primary consumers .(Snakes,birds,lizards,fox,etc) Tertiary consumers It consumes secondary consumers.(lion,tiger etc)
8
Leaf hoppers Birds Lion
Decomposers These are wide variety of micro-organisms including Fungi (species of Aspergillus,polyporus,Trichoderma,etc..) Bacteria (species of Bacillus,Clostridium,etc…) Actinomycetes (species of Streptomyces.) Rate of decomposition in tropical and subtropical forests is more rapid than that in the
temperate.
9
Polyporus Clostridium
Actinomycetes
GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM This ecosystem is found where rainfall is about 25 to 75cm per year. Grassland typically occur in the interiors of continents. Includes the tall grass prairies,short grass prairies. It founds the steppes of Eurasia,the Veldt of Africa and pampas of south
America
10
Different components of Grassland ecosystemGrasslan
d ecosyste
mAbiotic
component
Biotic component
s
11
Producer organism
s
Consumer
Organisms
Decomposers
Abiotic component These are the nutrients present in soil and the aerial environment.
(C,H,O,N,P,S,etc..) Some trace elements are also present in soil
5
Producers These are mainly grasses that as species of
(Cynodon,Dismodium,Digitaria,etc..) A few forbs and shrubs also contribute to primary production.
Consumers Primary consumers The herbivores feeding on grasses are mainly such grazing
animals(deer,sheep,rabbit,etc..) There are some insects as (Leptocorisa,Cicincella,etc..) that feeds on the
leaves of grasses Secondary consumers These are the canivores feeding on herbivores.(fox,snakes,lizards,etc..)
5
Decomposers These are wide variety of micro-organisms including Fungi (species of Aspergillus,polyporus,Trichoderma,etc..) Bacteria (species of Bacillus,Clostridium,etc…) Actinomycetes (species of Streptomyces.) Rate of decomposition in tropical and subtropical forests is more rapid than that in the
temperate.
14
Thank you
16