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C O N N EC TIC U T R I

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M A R Y LA N D

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O H I OI N D I A N A

I LLI N O I S

M I C H I G A N

W I SC O N SI N

K EN T U C K Y

T EN N ESSEE

N O R T H C A R O LI N A

SO U T H C A R O LI N A

G EO R G I AA LA B A M A

FLO R I D A

M I SSI SSI PPI

LO U I SI A N A

T EX A S

A R K A N SA S

M I SSO U R I

I O W A

M I N N ESO T A

N O R T H D A K O T A

SO U T H D A K O T A

N EB R A SK A

K A N SA S

O K LA H O M A

N EW M EX I C O

C O LO R A D O

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D C

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85°90°95° 80° 75°

125°120°

115° 110° 105° 100° 95° 90° 85° 80° 75° 70° 65°

110°115° 100°105°

25°

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20%TOTAL RECOVERED FIBER

IN T E R IOR – G E OLOG ICA L S U R V E Y , R E S T ON , V IR G IN IA – 2000

For sale by U .S . G eological S urvey,P.O. B ox 25286, Denver, Colorado 80225

100 200 300 400 MILES0

100 200 300 400 500 600 KILO METERS0

SCALE 1:7,500,000

Albers equal area projection, standard parallels 29°30'N and 45°30'N , central meridian 96°W

Compiled by U SD A Forest Service2000

A R CT IC CIR CLE

B E R I N G S E A

P A C I F I C O C E A N

A R C T I C O C E A N

G U L F O F A L A S K A

C A N A D A

R U S S I A

140° 135°145°150°155°160°165°170°175°W180°

140° 135° 130° 125° 120° 115°145°150°155°160°165°170°175°W175°E170°165°160°155°150°145° 180°

175°E170°165°

60°

55°

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70°65°

60°

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55°

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70°

SCALE 1:7,500,000Albers equal area projection, standard parallels 55°N and 65°N ,

central meridian 154°W

ALASKA

PA C I F I C O C E A N

22°

20°

160° 158° 156°

Principal Islands ofH AW AII

SCALE 1:7,500,000Albers equal area projection, standard parallels 8°N and 18°N ,

central meridian 157°W

U KU S

68° 66° 64°

17°30'

18°30'A T L A N T I C O C E A N

C A R I B B E A N S E A

Data notavailable

Data notavailable

SCALE 1:7,500,000Albers equal area projection, standard parallels 8º N and 18º N , central meridian 66º 30'W

Puerto Rico and the V irgin Islands

PACIFIC OCEA N

ATLA

NT

I CO

CE

AN

W ashington

S an J uan

Fairbanks

Honolulu7789 km4840 m i

2507 km

1557 mi

5238 km

3255 mi

4880

km

3032

mi

W hite-red-jack pine

Spruce-fir

Longleaf-slash pine

Loblolly-shortleaf-pine

O ak-pine

O ak-hickory

O ak-gum-cypress

Elm-ash-cottonwood

Maple-beech-birch

Aspen-birch

Spruce-birch

D ouglas-fir

H emlock-Sitka spruce

H emlock-Sitka spruce

Ponderosa pine

W estern white pine

Lodgepole pine

Larch

Fir-spruce

Fir-spruce

Redwood

Chaparral

Pinyon-juniper

W estern hardwoods

Eastern Forests

N ative forest

Mixed forest

H awaii ForestsAlaska Forests

Evergreen broadleaf forest

Puerto Rico Forests

W estern ForestsBefore European settlement, forests covered nearly one billion acres of what is now the United States. Since the mid-1600's, about 300 million acres of forest have been cleared, primarily for agriculture during the 19th century, and today about one-third of the nation is forested. While total forest area has been relatively stable for the last 100 years (currently about 747 million acres), there have been significant regional shifts in the area and composition of the nation's forests. Reversion of marginal farmland in the east, large scale planting in the South, and fire suppression have contributed to increases in forest area. Urbani-zation, conversion to agriculture, reservoir construction, and natural disasters have been major factors contributing to loss of forests.

Eastern forests cover about 384 million acres and are predominantly broadleaf (74%), with the exception of extensive coniferous forests and plantations in the southern coastal region, and are largely in private ownership (83%). By contrast, about 363 million acres of western forests are predominantly coniferous (78%) and in public ownership (57%). Nearly ten million private individuals own about 422 million acres of forest and other wooded land. Most public forest land is held by four federal (Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, Fish and Wildlife Service) as well as numerous local (state, county, municipal) government agencies.

Major uses of forests include timber production, recreation, hunting, fishing, water-shed and fisheries protection, wildlife habitat and biodiversity protection, and gathering nontimber products such as berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants, etc.

The forest cover types shown on this map were derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) composite images recorded during the 1991 growing season. Each composite covered the United States at a resolution of one kilometer. Field data collected by the Forest Service were used to aid the classification of AVHRR composites into forest cover types, with refinement from ancillary data such as digital elevation. Details on development of the forest cover types dataset are in Zhu and Evans (1994).

SourcesEyre, F.H., 1980, Forest Cover Types of the United States and Canada: Society of American Foresters, 148p.

Smith, W.B., Vissage, J.S., Darr, D.R., and Sheffield, R.M., 2000, Forest Resources of the United States, 1997: St. Paul, MN, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

Zhu, Z. and Evans, D.L., 1994, U.S. Forest Types and Predicted Percent Forest Cover from AVHRR Data: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 60, No. 5, p. 525-531.

Includes scrub oak in California,alder in O regon and W ashington,and aspen in interior western states.

Forest Resources of the U nited States

FO REST CO V ER TYPES

U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

U.S. Department of AgricultureU.S. Forest Service

nationalatlas.govW here W e Are

The N ational Atlas of the U nited States of America®

www.nationalatlas.gov

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