Chapters by: Centre Divide

FORENSIC SCIENCES AND MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE

English A miscarriage of justice primarily is the conviction and punishment of a person for a crime they did not commit.

The term travesty of justice is sometimes used for a gross, deliberate miscarriage of justice.

Miscarriage of justice" is sometimes synonymous with wrongful conviction, referring to a conviction reached in an unfair or disputed trial.

Spanish

Causes of miscarriages of justice include:

Plea bargains that offer incentives for the innocent to plead guilty.

Confirmation bias on the part of investigators

Withholding or destruction of evidence by police or prosecution .

Fabrication of evidence or outright perjury by police or Biased editing of evidence.

Prejudice towards the class of people to which the defendant belongs

Poor identification by witnesses and/or victims

Perjured evidence by supposed victim or their accomplices .

Conspiracy between court of appeal judges and prosecutors to uphold conviction of innocent.

Causas en los errores de justicia

VocabularyMiscarriage :Error /falloPrimarily:

principalmenteConviction: condenaPunishment: castigoTravesty: farsaGross : graveDeliberate : deliverarBias: prejuicioWithholding:

denegaciónOutright : total/absoluto

Wrongful: ilegal / injustoReached: alcanseUnfair: injusto Disputed: discutido /

polemicoTrial: juicioPlea: declaraciónBargains: pacto

/negociaciónIncentives: incentivosPlead: defender a

alguienGuilty: culpable

VocabularyPerjury: perjurio

(jurar en falso)Prejudice Towards:

prejuicios haciaBelongs: pertenecer

aPoor: pobreWitnesses: testigo/

testimoniocourt : corte /

tribunal

Appeal: apelación

Prosecutors: fiscal

Uphold: confirmar /respetar la ley

Criminal Sciences

Crime science is the study of crime in order to find ways to prevent it. Three features distinguish crime science from criminology: it is single-minded about cutting crime, rather than studying it for its own sake; accordingly it focuses on crime rather than criminals; and it is multidisciplinary, notably recruiting scientific methodology rather than relying on social theory.

CrimeCrime is the breach of rules or laws for

which some governing authority (via mechanisms such as legal systems) can ultimately prescribe a conviction. Individual human societies may each define crime and crimes differently, in different localities (state, local, international), at different time stages of the so-called "crime" (planning, disclosure, supposedly intended, supposedly prepared, incompleted, completed or futuristically proclaimed after the "crime").

Forensic science

Refers to the study of crime scene evidence such as blood, bodily fluids, DNA and clothing fibers. Those pursuing a degree in forensic science can major in forensic biology, psychology, pathology or toxicology. Degree programs in forensic science prepare students for careers in investigations, court evidence and management-level positions in the field of criminal science.