forces there once was a man with no arms……. 1) forces are a push or pull that… changes an...
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FORCESFORCESThere There once was once was a man a man with no with no arms……arms……
1) Forces are a 1) Forces are a push or pull that…push or pull that…
changes an objects changes an objects state of motion.state of motion.
Forces cause objects Forces cause objects to accelerateto accelerate
2) Aristotle 2) Aristotle
Greek Greek natural philosophernatural philosopherEARTH ,WIND, EARTH ,WIND, FIRE, & WATER.FIRE, & WATER.Natural motion Natural motion & forced& forcedmotionmotion
3) Galileo Galilei(1564-3) Galileo Galilei(1564-1642)1642)
Inertia, frictionInertia, friction
No force No force
needed for needed for
motionmotion
4) Sir Isaac Newton4) Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)(1642-1727)
Father of PhysicsFather of Physics
3 Laws of motion3 Laws of motion
Law of GravitationLaw of Gravitation
EM color spectrumEM color spectrum
CalculusCalculus
5) The four natural forces 5) The four natural forces are:are:1) Strong nuclear force1) Strong nuclear force2) Electromagnetic2) Electromagnetic3) Weak nuclear force3) Weak nuclear force4) Gravity4) GravityGravity is the weakest of Gravity is the weakest of all natural forces.all natural forces.
Newton’s 1Newton’s 1stst Law of Motion Law of Motion is the Law of INERTIA & it is the Law of INERTIA & it statesstates7) that objects in motion 7) that objects in motion remain in motion at a remain in motion at a constant velocity andconstant velocity and
objects at rest remain at rest objects at rest remain at rest unless….unless….
acted on by an unbalanced acted on by an unbalanced force.force.
INERTIA isINERTIA is
Mass Mass (means “lazy” in Latin)(means “lazy” in Latin)
Mass is the amount of Mass is the amount of inertia an object inertia an object possesses.possesses.
Name an object with a Name an object with a lot of inertialot of inertia
9) Examples of inertia9) Examples of inertia
a)a) the earth, sun, Betelgeusethe earth, sun, BetelgeuseName an object with a small amount of inertiaName an object with a small amount of inertia
b) electron, proton, or neutronb) electron, proton, or neutronName an object with a small amount of Name an object with a small amount of
inertia & a large volume.inertia & a large volume.
Blimp / hot air balloonBlimp / hot air balloonName an object with a large amount Name an object with a large amount
of inertia & a small volume.of inertia & a small volume.
Neutron starNeutron star
10) Can you lift, move 10) Can you lift, move or shake 1000 kg object or shake 1000 kg object in space? (2200 lbs)in space? (2200 lbs)
NO! NO!
It is weightless but It is weightless but still has inertia.still has inertia.
Newton’s 2Newton’s 2ndnd Law of Law of MotionMotion
The Law of The Law of AccelerationAccelerationAcceleration is Acceleration is proportional to force. proportional to force.
Acceleration is inversely Acceleration is inversely proportional to mass.proportional to mass.
11) Force = 11) Force = mass x accelerationmass x acceleration
F = m x aF = m x aWhat would What would a force a force triangle look triangle look like?like?
F is measured in F is measured in kgkgxxm/sm/s22
14) kg14) kgxxm/sm/s2 2 is is called acalled a newton newton 12) Dyne (dyn), kilopond 12) Dyne (dyn), kilopond (kp)(kp)EnglishEnglish pound (lbs), pound (lbs), poundal(pdl)poundal(pdl)
13) A net force is the sum 13) A net force is the sum of all forces acting on an of all forces acting on an object.object.
positivepositive negativenegative
13) Balanced & unbalanced 13) Balanced & unbalanced forcesforces
15) Weight is a 15) Weight is a force!!!force!!!Weight is not mass! The Weight is not mass! The force of weight is force of weight is caused by gravity.caused by gravity.
Gravity accelerates all Gravity accelerates all objects at a rate of objects at a rate of 9.8m/s9.8m/s22
The symbol for the The symbol for the acceler-ation due to acceler-ation due to gravity is “g” & gravity is “g” & g = g = 9.8 m/s9.8 m/s2 2 on earthon earth
w = m x gw = m x g
Weight Weight weight = mass x gravity’s accelerationweight = mass x gravity’s acceleration
TidesTidesBay of FundyBay of Fundy
OrbitsOrbitsPerturbationsPerturbations
16) Newton’s 3rd 16) Newton’s 3rd LawLaw
The Law of InteractionsThe Law of InteractionsFor every action force there is For every action force there is an an
_______ & _____ reaction force._______ & _____ reaction force.17. Forces always occur in 17. Forces always occur in pairs. One is the action force pairs. One is the action force the other is the reaction force. the other is the reaction force. Equal & oppositeEqual & opposite
Bat & ballBat & ball
Boy & wagonBoy & wagon
birdbird
Rocket in spaceRocket in space
Bullet & rifleBullet & rifle
Ball falling to Ball falling to earthearth
19) They are 19) They are equal!equal!
20) They occur on 2 20) They occur on 2 different objects at different objects at exactly the same exactly the same moment in time.moment in time.
Nobel Nobel Prize in Prize in ChemistryChemistry
Each prize includes a Each prize includes a check for $1.4 million, check for $1.4 million, a diploma and a medal, which will be awarded a diploma and a medal, which will be awarded
by Sweden's King Carl XVI Gustaf at a by Sweden's King Carl XVI Gustaf at a ceremony in Stockholm on Dec. 10. ceremony in Stockholm on Dec. 10.
GravityGravity
1)1) I fain no I fain no hypothesis.hypothesis.
There is a force of attraction There is a force of attraction between all objects in the between all objects in the universe that is proportional universe that is proportional to the product of the masses to the product of the masses and inversely related to the and inversely related to the squared distance separating squared distance separating the center of masses.the center of masses.
Universal Law of Universal Law of GravitationGravitation
2) F = G m2) F = G m11xmxm2 2 / r/ r2 2
where: where: FF is the magnitude of the is the magnitude of the gravitational force between the two point gravitational force between the two point masses masses GG is the is the gravitational constantgravitational constant Note G = 6.67 x 10Note G = 6.67 x 10-11-11 N m N m22/kg/kg22
mm1 is the mass of the first point mass 1 is the mass of the first point mass mm2 is the mass of the second point mass 2 is the mass of the second point mass rr is the distance between the two point is the distance between the two point
massesmasses
Falling – All objects fall at Falling – All objects fall at 9.8 m/s9.8 m/s2 2 on earthon earth
Weight Weight on earth w= m x g on earth w= m x g
►Orbits & shapes of stars, Orbits & shapes of stars, planets & moonsplanets & moons
Orbits & Orbits & PerturbationsPerturbations
Planet X: New Member of our Solar Planet X: New Member of our Solar SystemSystem
The planet was discovered by the Samuel The planet was discovered by the Samuel Oschin Telescope at the Palomar Observatory Oschin Telescope at the Palomar Observatory near San Diego, Calif., on Jan. 8, 2005.near San Diego, Calif., on Jan. 8, 2005.
TidesTides
15 A) Gravity causes 15 A) Gravity causes projectile motionprojectile motionA projectile is any object which A projectile is any object which once once projectedprojected continues in continues in motion by its own motion by its own inertiainertia and is and is influenced only by the influenced only by the downward force of gravity.downward force of gravity.
Rocks, arrows, darts, bullets, etcRocks, arrows, darts, bullets, etcNot jets, rockets, birds, missilesNot jets, rockets, birds, missiles
B) Aerodynamic, curved path, B) Aerodynamic, curved path, no external forces other than no external forces other than gravity.gravity.
C)C)
The paths of projectiles. The paths of projectiles.
This shape is called a PARABOLAThis shape is called a PARABOLA
Label the diagramLabel the diagram
Circular MotionCircular Motion
8) Cen–TRIP-etal force 8) Cen–TRIP-etal force is the is the forceforce directed directed towards the center of towards the center of curved path.curved path.
Centripetal means Centripetal means "center seeking" force."center seeking" force.
10) Straight 10) Straight line. No line. No centripetal centripetal Force, no Force, no turning turning Straight line Straight line motion motion only.only.
If the rope were to If the rope were to break the ball break the ball would travel in awould travel in a
straight linestraight line
11) No or a small 11) No or a small amount of gravity acting amount of gravity acting on an object.on an object.12) Spin an object at a 12) Spin an object at a rate of 9.8 m/srate of 9.8 m/s22
ArtificialArtificial
NaturalNatural
14) Military, 14) Military, communication, GPS, & communication, GPS, & weatherweather15) Orbits decay15) Orbits decay
FRICTION - slip FRICTION - slip happens!happens!
Where did the physics student Where did the physics student fall in the library?fall in the library?
What do you call Star Wars What do you call Star Wars jokes that rub you the wrong jokes that rub you the wrong way?way?
2 cats slide off the roof which 2 cats slide off the roof which hits the ground first?hits the ground first?
Lighten up, friction can be Lighten up, friction can be a drag. (all puns are a drag. (all puns are intended)intended)
16) Friction is the force 16) Friction is the force that opposes motion.that opposes motion.
Friction is caused by the Friction is caused by the close contact of 2 surfaces.close contact of 2 surfaces.
17) Friction is 17) Friction is electromagneticelectromagnetic
18) 2 types of friction18) 2 types of friction
friction between two substances when friction between two substances when both are at rest. Must be overcome both are at rest. Must be overcome before moving an object.before moving an object.
Kinetic or Dynamic Kinetic or Dynamic frictionfriction
Friction when an object is Friction when an object is moving. This friction resists moving. This friction resists changes in motion.changes in motion.
Kinetic friction can be Kinetic friction can be described 3 ways.described 3 ways.
A) SlidingA) Sliding
b) Rolling frictionb) Rolling friction
c) Fluid frictionc) Fluid friction
19) Is friction useful?19) Is friction useful?
yes, walking, grip, yes, walking, grip, heatheat
19) Is friction 19) Is friction harmful?harmful?Yes abrasion, Yes abrasion, heat, & heat, & machine wearmachine wear
20) To increase 20) To increase frictionfrictionMore weight or pressureMore weight or pressureMore surface area More surface area (rougher)(rougher)
Change surface materialChange surface material(rubber, latex, or nylon)(rubber, latex, or nylon)
20) To decrease 20) To decrease friction.friction.Less weight or pressure.Less weight or pressure.
Smoother (polished) Smoother (polished) surfaces.surfaces.
Change type of friction.Change type of friction.
Use glass, metal, or teflonUse glass, metal, or teflon
LUBRICATE!!!!LUBRICATE!!!!
21) Yes, friction 21) Yes, friction opposes motion, opposes motion, causes negative causes negative acceleration, & acceleration, & requires more force.requires more force.What about air? What about air? Aerodynamics Aerodynamics
Weight-gravity, thrust-engine, Weight-gravity, thrust-engine, drag-fluid friction, & lift-drag-fluid friction, & lift-Bernoulli's principle Bernoulli's principle