forces there once was a man with no arms……. 1) forces are a push or pull that… changes an...

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FORCES FORCES There There once was once was a man a man with no with no arms…… arms……

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Page 1: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

FORCESFORCESThere There once was once was a man a man with no with no arms……arms……

Page 2: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

1) Forces are a 1) Forces are a push or pull that…push or pull that…

changes an objects changes an objects state of motion.state of motion.

Forces cause objects Forces cause objects to accelerateto accelerate

Page 3: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

2) Aristotle 2) Aristotle

Greek Greek natural philosophernatural philosopherEARTH ,WIND, EARTH ,WIND, FIRE, & WATER.FIRE, & WATER.Natural motion Natural motion & forced& forcedmotionmotion

Page 4: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

3) Galileo Galilei(1564-3) Galileo Galilei(1564-1642)1642)

Inertia, frictionInertia, friction

No force No force

needed for needed for

motionmotion

Page 5: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

4) Sir Isaac Newton4) Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)(1642-1727)

Father of PhysicsFather of Physics

3 Laws of motion3 Laws of motion

Law of GravitationLaw of Gravitation

EM color spectrumEM color spectrum

CalculusCalculus

Page 6: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

5) The four natural forces 5) The four natural forces are:are:1) Strong nuclear force1) Strong nuclear force2) Electromagnetic2) Electromagnetic3) Weak nuclear force3) Weak nuclear force4) Gravity4) GravityGravity is the weakest of Gravity is the weakest of all natural forces.all natural forces.

Page 7: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Newton’s 1Newton’s 1stst Law of Motion Law of Motion is the Law of INERTIA & it is the Law of INERTIA & it statesstates7) that objects in motion 7) that objects in motion remain in motion at a remain in motion at a constant velocity andconstant velocity and

objects at rest remain at rest objects at rest remain at rest unless….unless….

acted on by an unbalanced acted on by an unbalanced force.force.

Page 8: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

INERTIA isINERTIA is

Mass Mass (means “lazy” in Latin)(means “lazy” in Latin)

Mass is the amount of Mass is the amount of inertia an object inertia an object possesses.possesses.

Name an object with a Name an object with a lot of inertialot of inertia

Page 9: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

9) Examples of inertia9) Examples of inertia

a)a) the earth, sun, Betelgeusethe earth, sun, BetelgeuseName an object with a small amount of inertiaName an object with a small amount of inertia

Page 10: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

b) electron, proton, or neutronb) electron, proton, or neutronName an object with a small amount of Name an object with a small amount of

inertia & a large volume.inertia & a large volume.

Page 11: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Blimp / hot air balloonBlimp / hot air balloonName an object with a large amount Name an object with a large amount

of inertia & a small volume.of inertia & a small volume.

Page 12: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Neutron starNeutron star

Page 13: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

10) Can you lift, move 10) Can you lift, move or shake 1000 kg object or shake 1000 kg object in space? (2200 lbs)in space? (2200 lbs)

NO! NO!

It is weightless but It is weightless but still has inertia.still has inertia.

Page 14: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Newton’s 2Newton’s 2ndnd Law of Law of MotionMotion

Page 15: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

The Law of The Law of AccelerationAccelerationAcceleration is Acceleration is proportional to force. proportional to force.

Acceleration is inversely Acceleration is inversely proportional to mass.proportional to mass.

11) Force = 11) Force = mass x accelerationmass x acceleration

Page 16: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

F = m x aF = m x aWhat would What would a force a force triangle look triangle look like?like?

Page 17: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

F is measured in F is measured in kgkgxxm/sm/s22

14) kg14) kgxxm/sm/s2 2 is is called acalled a newton newton 12) Dyne (dyn), kilopond 12) Dyne (dyn), kilopond (kp)(kp)EnglishEnglish pound (lbs), pound (lbs), poundal(pdl)poundal(pdl)

Page 18: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate
Page 19: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

13) A net force is the sum 13) A net force is the sum of all forces acting on an of all forces acting on an object.object.

positivepositive negativenegative

Page 20: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

13) Balanced & unbalanced 13) Balanced & unbalanced forcesforces

Page 21: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

15) Weight is a 15) Weight is a force!!!force!!!Weight is not mass! The Weight is not mass! The force of weight is force of weight is caused by gravity.caused by gravity.

Gravity accelerates all Gravity accelerates all objects at a rate of objects at a rate of 9.8m/s9.8m/s22

Page 22: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

The symbol for the The symbol for the acceler-ation due to acceler-ation due to gravity is “g” & gravity is “g” & g = g = 9.8 m/s9.8 m/s2 2 on earthon earth

w = m x gw = m x g

Page 23: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Weight Weight weight = mass x gravity’s accelerationweight = mass x gravity’s acceleration

TidesTidesBay of FundyBay of Fundy

OrbitsOrbitsPerturbationsPerturbations

Page 24: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

16) Newton’s 3rd 16) Newton’s 3rd LawLaw

Page 25: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

The Law of InteractionsThe Law of InteractionsFor every action force there is For every action force there is an an

_______ & _____ reaction force._______ & _____ reaction force.17. Forces always occur in 17. Forces always occur in pairs. One is the action force pairs. One is the action force the other is the reaction force. the other is the reaction force. Equal & oppositeEqual & opposite

Page 26: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Bat & ballBat & ball

Page 27: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Boy & wagonBoy & wagon

birdbird

Page 28: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Rocket in spaceRocket in space

Page 29: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Bullet & rifleBullet & rifle

Page 30: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Ball falling to Ball falling to earthearth

Page 31: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

19) They are 19) They are equal!equal!

20) They occur on 2 20) They occur on 2 different objects at different objects at exactly the same exactly the same moment in time.moment in time.

Page 32: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate
Page 33: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Nobel Nobel Prize in Prize in ChemistryChemistry

Each prize includes a Each prize includes a check for $1.4 million, check for $1.4 million, a diploma and a medal, which will be awarded a diploma and a medal, which will be awarded

by Sweden's King Carl XVI Gustaf at a by Sweden's King Carl XVI Gustaf at a ceremony in Stockholm on Dec. 10. ceremony in Stockholm on Dec. 10.

Page 34: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

GravityGravity

Page 35: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

1)1) I fain no I fain no hypothesis.hypothesis.

There is a force of attraction There is a force of attraction between all objects in the between all objects in the universe that is proportional universe that is proportional to the product of the masses to the product of the masses and inversely related to the and inversely related to the squared distance separating squared distance separating the center of masses.the center of masses.

Page 36: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Universal Law of Universal Law of GravitationGravitation

2) F = G m2) F = G m11xmxm2 2 / r/ r2 2

where: where: FF is the magnitude of the is the magnitude of the gravitational force between the two point gravitational force between the two point masses masses GG is the is the gravitational constantgravitational constant Note G = 6.67 x 10Note G = 6.67 x 10-11-11 N m N m22/kg/kg22

mm1 is the mass of the first point mass 1 is the mass of the first point mass mm2 is the mass of the second point mass 2 is the mass of the second point mass rr is the distance between the two point is the distance between the two point

massesmasses

Page 37: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Falling – All objects fall at Falling – All objects fall at 9.8 m/s9.8 m/s2 2 on earthon earth

Page 38: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Weight Weight on earth w= m x g on earth w= m x g

Page 39: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

►Orbits & shapes of stars, Orbits & shapes of stars, planets & moonsplanets & moons

Page 40: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Orbits & Orbits & PerturbationsPerturbations

Page 41: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Planet X: New Member of our Solar Planet X: New Member of our Solar SystemSystem

The planet was discovered by the Samuel The planet was discovered by the Samuel Oschin Telescope at the Palomar Observatory Oschin Telescope at the Palomar Observatory near San Diego, Calif., on Jan. 8, 2005.near San Diego, Calif., on Jan. 8, 2005.

Page 42: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

TidesTides

Page 43: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

15 A) Gravity causes 15 A) Gravity causes projectile motionprojectile motionA projectile is any object which A projectile is any object which once once projectedprojected continues in continues in motion by its own motion by its own inertiainertia and is and is influenced only by the influenced only by the downward force of gravity.downward force of gravity.

Rocks, arrows, darts, bullets, etcRocks, arrows, darts, bullets, etcNot jets, rockets, birds, missilesNot jets, rockets, birds, missiles

Page 44: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

B) Aerodynamic, curved path, B) Aerodynamic, curved path, no external forces other than no external forces other than gravity.gravity.

C)C)

Page 45: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

The paths of projectiles. The paths of projectiles.

This shape is called a PARABOLAThis shape is called a PARABOLA

                                                                                                                               

 

                  

Page 46: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Label the diagramLabel the diagram

                                                                      

      

Page 47: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Circular MotionCircular Motion

Page 48: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

8) Cen–TRIP-etal force 8) Cen–TRIP-etal force is the is the forceforce directed directed towards the center of towards the center of curved path.curved path.

Centripetal means Centripetal means "center seeking" force."center seeking" force.

Page 49: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate
Page 50: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

10) Straight 10) Straight line. No line. No centripetal centripetal Force, no Force, no turning turning Straight line Straight line motion motion only.only.

If the rope were to If the rope were to break the ball break the ball would travel in awould travel in a

straight linestraight line

Page 51: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

11) No or a small 11) No or a small amount of gravity acting amount of gravity acting on an object.on an object.12) Spin an object at a 12) Spin an object at a rate of 9.8 m/srate of 9.8 m/s22

Page 52: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate
Page 53: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

ArtificialArtificial

Page 54: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

NaturalNatural

Page 55: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

14) Military, 14) Military, communication, GPS, & communication, GPS, & weatherweather15) Orbits decay15) Orbits decay

Page 56: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

FRICTION - slip FRICTION - slip happens!happens!

Page 57: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Where did the physics student Where did the physics student fall in the library?fall in the library?

What do you call Star Wars What do you call Star Wars jokes that rub you the wrong jokes that rub you the wrong way?way?

2 cats slide off the roof which 2 cats slide off the roof which hits the ground first?hits the ground first?

Lighten up, friction can be Lighten up, friction can be a drag. (all puns are a drag. (all puns are intended)intended)

Page 58: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

16) Friction is the force 16) Friction is the force that opposes motion.that opposes motion.

Friction is caused by the Friction is caused by the close contact of 2 surfaces.close contact of 2 surfaces.

Page 59: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

17) Friction is 17) Friction is electromagneticelectromagnetic

Page 60: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

18) 2 types of friction18) 2 types of friction

friction between two substances when friction between two substances when both are at rest. Must be overcome both are at rest. Must be overcome before moving an object.before moving an object.

Page 61: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Kinetic or Dynamic Kinetic or Dynamic frictionfriction

Friction when an object is Friction when an object is moving. This friction resists moving. This friction resists changes in motion.changes in motion.

Kinetic friction can be Kinetic friction can be described 3 ways.described 3 ways.

Page 62: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

A) SlidingA) Sliding

Page 63: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

b) Rolling frictionb) Rolling friction

Page 64: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

c) Fluid frictionc) Fluid friction

Page 65: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

19) Is friction useful?19) Is friction useful?

yes, walking, grip, yes, walking, grip, heatheat

Page 66: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

19) Is friction 19) Is friction harmful?harmful?Yes abrasion, Yes abrasion, heat, & heat, & machine wearmachine wear

Page 67: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

20) To increase 20) To increase frictionfrictionMore weight or pressureMore weight or pressureMore surface area More surface area (rougher)(rougher)

Change surface materialChange surface material(rubber, latex, or nylon)(rubber, latex, or nylon)

Page 68: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

20) To decrease 20) To decrease friction.friction.Less weight or pressure.Less weight or pressure.

Smoother (polished) Smoother (polished) surfaces.surfaces.

Change type of friction.Change type of friction.

Use glass, metal, or teflonUse glass, metal, or teflon

LUBRICATE!!!!LUBRICATE!!!!

Page 69: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate
Page 70: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

21) Yes, friction 21) Yes, friction opposes motion, opposes motion, causes negative causes negative acceleration, & acceleration, & requires more force.requires more force.What about air? What about air? Aerodynamics Aerodynamics

Page 71: FORCES There once was a man with no arms……. 1) Forces are a push or pull that… changes an objects state of motion. Forces cause objects to accelerate

Weight-gravity, thrust-engine, Weight-gravity, thrust-engine, drag-fluid friction, & lift-drag-fluid friction, & lift-Bernoulli's principle Bernoulli's principle