forces on bridges how are bridges designed to withstand the forces that act on them?
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Forces on BridgesForces on BridgesHow are bridges designed to How are bridges designed to
withstand the forces that act on withstand the forces that act on them?them?
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Classifying BridgesClassifying Bridges
Function on bridge: to carry a load across Function on bridge: to carry a load across a distancea distance
All loads have a downward force (due to All loads have a downward force (due to gravity)gravity)
Bridges classified by how they carry the Bridges classified by how they carry the weight:weight: CompressionCompression TensionTension Tension/ CompressionTension/ Compression
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Compression BridgesCompression Bridges
CompressionCompression ““push” forcepush” force causes objects to get shortercauses objects to get shorter Stone and concrete are strong in compressionStone and concrete are strong in compression
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Compression bridges: ArchCompression bridges: Arch
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Compression bridge: ArchCompression bridge: Arch
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Tension bridgesTension bridges
TensionTension ““pull” forcepull” force Causes an object to get longerCauses an object to get longer Wire rope and changes are strong in tensionWire rope and changes are strong in tension
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Tension bridge: SuspensionTension bridge: Suspension
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Tension bridge: SuspensionTension bridge: Suspension
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Tension/ Compression BridgeTension/ Compression Bridge
A beam bends under the weight of a loadA beam bends under the weight of a load When the beam bends, the top half is in When the beam bends, the top half is in
compression and the bottom half is in compression and the bottom half is in compressioncompression
The taller the beam, the stronger it isThe taller the beam, the stronger it is
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Tension/ Compression Bridge: Tension/ Compression Bridge: BeamBeam
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Tension/ Compression Bridge: Tension/ Compression Bridge: BeamBeam
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Tension/ Compression: TrussTension/ Compression: Truss
Problem: as a beam gets taller, it becomes Problem: as a beam gets taller, it becomes costly and too heavycostly and too heavy
Solution: build a trussSolution: build a truss Trusses composed of trianglesTrusses composed of triangles