forced migration review issue 30 burmese
DESCRIPTION
Burma's displaced peopleTRANSCRIPT
'kQonfavhvma&;XmecsKyf/ atmufpfzkd@'fwUokdvf
trSwfpOf 302008 ckESpf {+yDv
armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk
t,f'Dwmrsm;xHrS
rdrdwkd@taeESifh ,ckae&yfrStwif;t"Ra&$@ajymif;cH&jcif; r~Zif;pmapmif FMR u jrefrmvlxktay: zdtm;ay;I ae&yfajymif;a&$@apr_. tœ&m,ftm; EkdifiHwumu
ykdrkd*&kxm;vmapa&;twGuf tultnDjzpfaprnf[k ar#mfvifhygonf? TpmapmifwGif aqmif;yg; 29 ckyg0ifI ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&onfh tœ&m,ftwkdif;twm/
armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhvlxktm; xdckdufaponfh tajccHta=umif;w&m;rsm;ESifh tajz&SmazGr_wkd@tm; avhvmazmfxkwfxm;onf?
Tr*~Zif;onf tcrJhjzpfum jrefrm/ t*Fvdyf/ tm&yf/ jyifopfESifh pydefbmomwkd@jzifh ykHESdyfxkwfa0 xm;jcif; jzpfonf? rdrdwkd@taeESifh wuBmvkH;&Sd vlyk~KdvfwpfOD;jcif;/
tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;xHokd@ pmapmift&nftwGuf 18000 ykd@ay;rnfjzpfonf?
pmapmifrsm;xyfrHvkdtyfygu [email protected] okd@ tD;ar;vfykd@ta=umif;=um;jcif; okd@r[kwf wzufyg vdyfpmtwkdif; pma&;om;awmif;qdkE_difygonf?
jrefrmESifh t*Fvdyf bmompum; ykHESdyfxkwfa0r_wkd@tm; www.fmreview.org/burma.htm wGif tGefvkdif; zwf&_E_difygonf? jyefvnfxkwfa0jcif;
okd@r[kwf aqmif;yg;wkd@tm; okd@r[kwf TpmapmifwpfckvkH;tm; ae&ma&$@ajymif;xkwfa0jcif;tm; vGwfvyfpGm vkyfaqmifE_difygonf? okd@aomf rl&if;ESifh 0ufqkd'fwkd@
tm; todtrSwfðy0efcHjcif; aqmif&Gufay;ygu rdrdwkd@taeESifh tvGef0rf;ajrmufrdrnfjzpfayonf?
rdrdwkd@taeESifh pma&;oltm;vkH;. axmufyHhulnDr_rsm;ESifh Tpmapmifjzef@csDE_difa&;twGuf tultnDay;cJh=uonfh yk~Kdvftm;vkH;wkd@tm; a=u;Zl;wif&Sdygonf?
xkdif;EkdifiH EkdifiHwum=uufajceDaumfrDwDESifh tar&dueftaxmuftyHhay;tzGJ@ USAID wkd@tm; ‚wkd@. Tjrefrmbmomjzifh ykHESdyfxkwfa0r_tay:
o<gw&m;xufoefpGm &HykHaiGvSL'gef;ay;tyf axmufyHhr_tm;vnf; a=u;Zl;wif&Sdygonf?
ae&yfrStwif;t"Rajymif;a&$@cH&jcif;pmapmifukd +Adwdo#EkdifiH atmufpfzkd@'f wuUokdvf&Sd 'kQonfavhvma&;XmecsKyfrS t*Fvdyf/ tm&yf/ pydefESifh jyifopfbmompum;wkd@
jzifh wESpfv#if okH;}udrfxkwfa0onf?
FMR pmapmifu rl0g'a&;qGJolrsm;/ vufawG@usifhokH;olrsm;/ okawoeynm&Sifrsm;ESifh tcsuftvufESifh tawG@tñuHESifh t=uHðycsufwkd@tm;
'kQonfrsm;/ ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;ESifh EkdifiHrJhwkd@tm; xdckdufaponfh tcsufrsm;tm; a0r#vkdonfh ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&olrsm;ukd,fwkdifwkd@. vufawG@
rdwfqufaqmif;yg;wkdrsm;ukd wifjyxm;onf? pmzwfy&dowfwkd@taeESifh tjcm;uGJjym;EkdifiHrsm;ESifh rwlnDonfhtajctaersm;rS vlxkwkd@taeESifh yËdyQESifh
twif;t=uyfzdtm;ay; armif;ESifxkwfjcif;wkd@a=umifh rnfokd@ xdckdufr_jzpfaponf/ tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh EkdifiHwumXmetzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ tpkd;&rsm;ESifh
ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&olwkd@taeESifh rnfokd@ tajz&Smr_ vkyfaqmifaeonfwkd@udk avhvm=uonf?
pmapmifwkdif;wGif t"duqkdvkd&if;tmabmfESifh t&efaqmif;yg;rsm;tm; twif;t"Rzdtm;ay; armif;ESifxkwfjcif; &_axmifhwkd@ukdyg tom;ay;azmfjyxm;onf?
,cift*Fvdyfbmomjzifh xkwfa0cJhonfh pmapmifrsm;tm; OyrmtaeESifh www.fmreview.org/mags1.htm wGif awG@&SdE_difygonf?
rnfonhf pmapmifukdrqkd okd@r[kwf aemifvmrnfhpmapmifwkd@tm; vufcH&&Sdvkdygu [email protected] okd@ tD;ar;ykd@awmif;cHjcif; odk@r[kwf
wzufygvdyfpmtwkdif; pma&;ta=umif;=um;E_difygonf? rSwfcsuftaeESifh TpmapmifrSm tajctaet& jrefrmbmompum;jzifh xkyfa0wifqufxm;E_difonfh
wpfckwnf;aompmpOf jzpfyga=umif;?
qrGefjzifh
rm&D,ef uavmufa&; ESifh arm&pfpf [mqef
t,f'Dwmrsm;
ae&yfrStwif;t"rRa&$@
ajymif;cH&jcif;pmapmifae&yfrStwif;t"rRa&$@ajymif;cH&jcif;pmapmifu
okawoeynm&Sifrsm;/ 'kuQonfrsm; ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;ESifh ‚if;wkd@
ESifhtwl tvkyfvkyfae=uolwkd@. vufawG@tawG@tñuHrsm;/
owif;tcsuftvufESifh tawG;tac:rsm;wkd@tm; ykHrSefzvS,f=u&m
[pfwkdifwpfckukd ay;tyfxm;onf? atmufpfzkd@'fwuUokdvf/
'kuQonfavhvma&;XmecsKyfrS t*Fvdyf/ tm&yf/ pydefESifh
jyifopfbmomwkd@jzifh ykHESdyfxkwfa0jcif;jzpfonf? ae&yfrStwif;t"Ra&$@
ajymif;cH&jcif;pmapmiftm; aemfa0;'kuQonfaumifpDESifh yl;aygif;I
1988 ckESpfwGif pwifjzef@a0cJhonf?
t,f'Dwmrsm;rm&D,ef uavmufa&; ESifh arm&pfpf [mqef
tusKd;aqmif
[kduf'D tkdif-ruf*&DpD
bmomjyefqkdolrsm;
ukdjrwfol [email protected] [email protected] Migration ReviewRefugee Studies CentreDepartment of International DevelopmentUniversity of Oxford, 3 Mansfield Road,Oxford OX1 3TB, UKEmail: [email protected]: +44 (0)1865 280700Fax: +44 (0)1865 270721Skype: fmreview0ufbfqkd'f
www.fmreview.orgrlykdifcGifhESifh roufqkdifa=umif;&Sif;vif;csuf
rnfonfh FMR ykHESdyfxkwfa0r_ okd@r[kwf tGefvkdif;yg
tcsuftvufwkd@ukdrqkd vGwfvyfpGm jyefvnfxkwfa0E_difygonf? okd@
aomf jzpfE_difygu rl&if; FMR 0ufbfqkd'fESifh aqmif;yg;rl&if; &&Sdonfh
0ufbfqkd'fvdyfpm URL tm; jyefvnfazmfjyay;&efjzpfonf?
FMR wGifyg0ifonfh oabmxm;rsm;rSm t,f'Dwmrsm;/
'kQonfavhvma&;XmecsKyf odk@r[kwf atmufpfzkd@'fwUokdvfwkd@.
tjrifwkd@tm;xif[yfr_r&Sdyg?
TykHESdyfxkwfa0r_tm; EkdifiHwumzG@Hòzd;wkd;wufa&; tar&duefat*sifpD
USAID rS yl;aygif;xkwfa0r_oabmwlnDcsuftrSwf
486-A-00-05-00006-00 jzifh xkwfa0jcif;jzpfonf? yg0if
onfhta=umif;t&mrsm;taeESifh USAID . tjrif okd@r[kwf
tar&dueftpkd;&tjrifwkd@tm; xyf[yfr_rðyyga=umif;?
'DZkdif; Art24www.art-24.co.ukykHESdyfpuf
&ufwemulvf ykHESdyfwkduf
[email protected] 1460-9819rsufESmzkH;"mwfykH
jrefrmhwyfrawmfppfom;rsm;csOf;uyfvmonfukd=um;od
&+yD; aemuf xGufajy;aeonfh &Gmom;rsm;? T"mwfykHukd
owif;rD'D,mtca=u;aiGr,lbJ jrefrmvlxktm;ulnDonfhtaejzifh
ay;tyfcJhonfh jrefrmEkdifiHvGwfajrmufa&;&def;*sm;wyfzGJ@xHrS &&Sdonf?
Stev
e El
liott
July 2005
■
■
■
■
■ ?■
May 2006
qlemrD vlukeful;jcif;
ae&yfrStwif;t"Ra&$@ajymif;cH&jcif;pmapmif
,cifxkwfa0cJhonfhpmapmiftm;vkH;tm; t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh www.fmreview.org/mags1.htm
wGif tifwmeuftGefvkdif; zwf&_E_difygonf? ,cifvufa&G;pifpmapmifrsm;rS t"dutmabmfrsm;
armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30
tzGifhtrSmpum; EkdifiHwGif;rSarmif;ESifxkwfjcif;cH&aom jrefrmjynfolrsm;
Inge Brees ........................................................................................ 4
tajymif;tvJ ta&;ay:vkdtyfaeonfh jrefrmEkdifiH
Douglas Alexander ........................................................................... 6
EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;. umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;wm0ef
Kavita Shukla .................................................................................. 7
xGufajy;&jcif;tajumif;&if;ESifh jyefvrf;c&D;twm;tqD;jzpfonfh ajrjrKyfrdkif;rsm;
Yeshua Moser-Puangsuwan ............................................................ 9
jrefrmhòrd‹awmfa[mif;rSt"rR ajymif;a&$‹apckdif;jcif;
Donald M Seekins ......................................................................... 10
xkd;ESufrlatmufub0vrf;
David Eubank ................................................................................. 10
a=umufrufzG,f&mjynfe,f tœ&,fusa&mufaeonfh trsKd;orD;rsm;
The Karen Women’s Organisation ................................................12
vlom;csif;pmemonfhvkyfykdifcGifhtm;zJhxkwfjcif;
Jean-François Durieux and Sivanka Dhanapala ..........................13
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif ‘zdtm;ay;ESifxkwfrl’tm; teufzGifhjcif;.......................................... 16
jynfwGif;ppfajy; 'kQonfrsm;twGuf vlom;csif;pmemonfh taxmuftyHh (vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESifh
aqG;aEG;csufrsm;)
Ashley South .................................................................................. 17
jynfwGif;ppfajy; 'kuQonfrsm;.qefŒusif ckcHa&;enf;AsL[mrsm;
Poe Shan K Phan and Stephen Hull .............................................18
jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;.emwm&Snfta&;ay:taetxm;tm;wkef@jyefjcif;
The Thailand Burma Border Consortium ..................................... 20
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;rsKd;qufjyefŒyGm;a&; qkdif&musef;rma&; aqmif&Gufa&;OD;pm;ay;
John Bercow ................................................................................... 22
ESpf&Snfjynfya&muftaetxm;rS tdrftjzpfcHpm;rl
Sandra Dudley ................................................................................ 23
enf;ynmESifh e,fpyfajrrSu&ifvlxk
Rachel Sharples ............................................................................. 24
'kuQonfwkdŒ.yg0ifaqmif&Gufrltm; vpfv#L&lcH&jcif;
Marie Theres Benner, Aree Muangsookjarouen, Egbert Sondorp and Joy Townsend ............................................... 25
pcef;vlŒtokdif;t0kdif;tajcðypDrHcefŒcGJa&;
Sally Thompson .............................................................................. 26
w&m;r#wrltcGifhtvrf;ESifh w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;
Joel Harding, Shane Scanlon, Sean Lees, Carson Beker and Ai Li Lim ........................................................... 28
xkdif;EkdifiHwGifrjrif&ol umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; vkdtyfcsufrSwfwrf;wifjcif;
Margaret Green, Karen Jacobsen and Sandee Pyne .................. 31
xkdif;EkdifiHwGif; ckdv_HcGifh&&Sda&;&SmazGaeonfhjrefrmvlrsKd;rsm; rnfonfht&yfokdh OD;wnf&rnfrod Chen Chen Lee and Isla Glaister .................................................. 33
b*Fvm;a'h&Sfa&muf &kd[if*smrsm;ESifh 'kQonftqifhtwef;
Pia Prytz Phiri ................................................................................. 34
udk;cdk&mrJh tdd,ESifhrav;&Sm;EkdifiHa&muf csif;'kQonfrsm;
Amy Alexander ................................................................................ 36
vlŒtcGifhta&;aqmif&Gufrlrsm;jzpfyGm;aponfh 0ifa&mufaexkdifjcif;ESifhvlukeful;jcif;
Nikolas Win Myint .......................................................................... 38
tm&S. opfvGifonfh avSvkdufolrsm;
Chris Lewa ...................................................................................... 40
jrefrmEkdifiH. arhaysmufxm;jcif;cH&onfh jynfolrsm;
Nyi Nyi Kyaw ................................................................................... 41
usefaecJh&efcufcJonfh tpktðyHvkdufa&$hhhajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_.tusKd;quf
Susan Banki and Hazel Lang ........................................................ 42
jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;ESifhywfoufonfhtay:u&ifvlxk.toHrsm;
The Karen Women’s Organisation, with Sarah Fuller and Eileen Pittaway ....................................................................... 45
aESmifhaES;=umjrifhaeonfh'kQonftajctaew&yf.ynma&;tajymif;tvJ
Marc van der Stouwe and Su-Ann Oh .......................................... 47
arWmjzifh&SufzD;okd@
Patricia Hynes and Yin Mon Thu ................................................... 49
jrefrmEkdifiHESifh em*pfpfqkdifuvkH;rkefwkdif; ............................................................ 52
armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk
plus:
Massive displacement in Iraq
Forgotten Kosovo IDPs
Somalis risk death crossing Red Sea
Misrepresenting Sudan’s Lost Boys
Voices of displaced Colombians
Published by the Refugee Studies Centre in association with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
issue 27January 2007
Sexual violence: weapon of war,
impediment to peace
Published by the Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford.
issue 28July 2007
Enhancing Southern capacity: rhetoric and reality
Published by the Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford
issue 29December 2007
Humanitarian reform: fulfilling its promise?
Also includes articles on:Iraq, Darfur, Colombia,
Bulgaria, Bhutanese refugees, accountability, protection, profiling IDP populations, role of the private sector
and regular contributors:RSC, NRC, IDMC, Brookings-Bern, RAISE Initiative
FMR_29_English 1 26/11/07 13:24:17
vdifykdif;qkdif&m&ufpufr_ awmifykdif;om;wkd@. t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&; vlom;csif;pmema&;ðyjyifajymif;vnf;r_
ae&yfrStwif;t"Ra&$@ajymif;cH&jcif;pmapmif
,cifxkwfa0cJhonfhpmapmiftm;vkH;tm; t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh www.fmreview.org/mags1.htm
wGif tifwmeuftGefvkdif; zwf&_E_difygonf? ,cifvufa&G;pifpmapmifrsm;rS t"dutmabmfrsm;
4 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
Ak<bmomoHCmawmfrsm;OD;aqmifonfh pufwifbmqjyv_
yf&Sm;r_rsm;ukd qif;&JwGif;eufae+yD;om;vlxktm;
tjyif;txefxdckdufaponfh avmifpmqDaps;E_ef; rsm;
&kwfw&ufjrSifhwifvkdufr_u pwifrD;ar$;ay;cJhonf?
&uftenf;i,f=um+yD;aemufwGif +idrf0yfydjym;r_
ukd xdyg; aESmifh,Sufonf[kqkdum tpkd;&u
&ufpuf=urf;=uKwfpGm tqkH;owfcJhonf?
uBmay:&Sdtpkd;&tm;vkH;u xkd+zKdcGif;acsr_ef;r_tm;
&_wfcscJh=u+yD; ukvor~twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfu jrefrm
tm%mykdifrsm;ESifhaqG;aEG;nSdE_dif;&ef txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f
rpPwm tDb&m[if *rfbm&Dukdapv$wfcJhonf?
wcsdefwnf;wGif w&kwf ESifh &k&Sm;EkdifiHwkd@u TudPtay:
jrefrmhjynfwGif;a&;jy\emoufoufjzpfI
“EdkfifiHwumvkHjcHKa&;ukd +cdrf;ajcmufr_r&Sd” [k owfrSwfum
‚wkd@. tcGifhta&;jzpfonfh ADwkdtm%mokH;I ukvor~
vkHjcHKa&;aumifpDwGif jrefrmhta&;udPaqG;aEG;r_
ukd ydwfqkd@[ef@wm;cJhonf? xdktwGufa=umifh
ukvor~vkHjcHKa&;aumifpD.wm0ef,lvkyfykdifcGifhESifh
roufqkdifonfh jyifyta&;udPtjzpf a&mufcJh&onf?
1988 ckESpfwGif jrefrmtm%modrf;ppftkyfpkt
aejzifh wjynfvkH;tkHºuGr_ukd+zdKcGif;cJhonfhtwGuf
yËdyQjzpfyGm;&jcif;jzpfonf[k jrefrmta&;tpD&ifcHpm
trsm;pkuqkd=uonf? xkdtcsdefu tjzpftysufa=umifh
yËdyQ trSefwu,fpwifcJhovm;/ 1962
ckESpf ppfwyfutm%modrf;onfhtcsdef
uwnf;upwifcJhovm; okd@r[kwf xkdtcsdefrwkdifcif
1948 ckESpf +Adwdo#xHrS vGwfvyfa&;&t+yD;
tjcm;vlrsKd;pkrsm;.tcuftcJukd vspfv#L&_I
tenf;pkjzpfonfh tcsKd@aomwkdif;&if;om;rsm;. ukd,fykd
iftkyfcsKyfcGifhukday;tyfcJhonfh umvuwnf;uvm;
(xdkwkdif;&if;om;tkyfpkrsm;onf tajctaeukd
óudwifwGufqum aemifwGif TrnDr#r_twGuf
awmckdumvufeufukdifwkdufyGJ0ifcJh
=uonf)? 1988 a=umifhjzpfcJh&onfqkdygu
q,fpkESpfrsm;pGmapmI (rd&kd;zvm) ukd,fykdiftcGifhta&;
awmif;qkd=uonfh vlenf;pkwkdif;&if;om;rsm;tm;
vspfv#L&_&musayrnf? trSefrSm 80 ckESpfaESmif; 1988
vlxktkH=uGr_tusKd;quftm;jzifh‚/ wkdif;&if;om;wyfrsm;.
ukd,fykdife,fajrrsm;qkH;&_H;r_ESifh wkdif;jynf.vuf&Sd pD;yGm;a&;
ta&;ay:tajctaewkd@t&‚ 'kQonfESifh jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;. ta&twGufrSm
*&kjyKowdxm;rd&avmufatmifyif jrifhwufvmcJhonf?
,ae@tcgwGif tkd;tdrfpGef@cGmxGufajy;&jcif;onf ae&mtESH@YjzpfyGm;aeayonf?
2007 ckESpf ZGefvwGif tjynfjynfqkdif&m=uufajceDaumfrwDrS jrefrmppftpkd;&.
jynfolvlxktwGif; tawmrowfedkifonfh ta=umufw&m;ukd zefwD;
vkyfaqmifaejcif;ESifh vlaxmifESifhcsDItkd;ypftdrfypf xGufajy;&onfh taetxm;
(okd@r[kwf) EkdifiH&yfjcm;okd@ xGufajy;&onfhtaetxm;a&mufap&ef
tm;ay;vkyfaqmifaer_tm; jzpfawmifhjzpfcJ &_wfcsr_w&yfxkwfjyefcJhonf?
vGefcJhonfhhq,fpkESpftwGif; vloef;w0ufeD;yg; ta&S@e,fpyfwav#mufokdf@ ‚wkd@
aetdrfrsm;rS twif;t"Rarmif;xkwfcHcJh=u&onf? tcsKyftm;jzifh jrefrmoef;ESifhcsDI
tdrfeD;jcif;EkdifiHrsm;odk@ jzwfausmf0ifa&mufcJh=uonf? cef@rSef;ajct& jrefrmESpfoef;cefhwkd@
onf xkdif;EkdifiHwGif 0ifa&muf&SmazGvkyfukdif pm;aomufaexkdifv#uf&Sdonf?
tzGifhtrSmpum;
EkdifiHwGif;rSarmif;ESifxkwfjcif;cH&aom jrefrmjynfolrsm; tifh*sf b&D;pf
pufwifbm 2007 wGifjzpfyGm;cJhonfh a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;u jrefrmEkdifiHukd
EkdifiHwum. t"du tm&kHpkduf&m taetxm;okd@a&muf&Sdvmap&ef
wGef;ykd@cJhayonf? tcsKyftm;jzifh ppftpkd;&taeESifh rnfokd@wkef@jyefrnfukd
apmifh=unfhp&m owif;acgif;}uD;jzpfcJhI 'Drkdua&pDESifh tcGifhta&;rsm;
jyefvnf&&Sda&;qDokd@ wkd;wufr_t&dyftaiG@rsm;ukd ar#mfvifhp&mjzpfcJh&onf?
twkduftcHESifh ppftpkd;&ESpfbufpvkH; xyfrHvkyfaqmifcsuf
tenf;i,fuav;om&SdonfhtwGuf (wkef@jyeft=urf;zufr_ okd@r[kwf
xif&Sm;onfhqjyr_ jyefvnfjzpfay:vmjcif;vnf;r&Sd) EkdifiHwum.
pdwf0ifpm;r_rSmvnf; ,Jh,Jhr#om&Sdonf? ae&yfrStwif;t"Ra&$@
ajymif;cH&jcif;pmapmif (FMR) taeESifh t"Rzdtm;ay;ESifxkwfaer_
uyfqkd'faeonfh jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;. ta=umif;ukd EkdifiHwumokd@
rD;armif;xkd;jyEdkifa&;twGuf jyefvnf azmfxkwf&eff &nf&G,fcJhjcif;jzpfonf?
Population: 48 million
Ethnic groups: Burman (68%), Shan (9%), Karen (7%), Rakhine (4%), Chinese (3%), Indian (2%), Mon (2%), other (5%)
Naypyidaw, administrative capital
[source: Burma Campaign UK]
Free Burma Rangers/Nick Hill nick@nickhilldesign.
co.uk
FMR 30 5armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
vufeufukdifyËdyQrsm;a=umifh okd@r[kwf EkdifiHa&;ESdyfuGyfr_rsm;a=umifh
xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifae&ygu ‚wkd@taeESifh 'kQonfpcef;rsm;wGif umuG,faxmufyHhr_
&&SdE_difonf? Ekd0ifbm 2005 aemufykdif;xGufajy;a&muf&Sdvmolrsm;taeE
Sifh 'kQonfav#mufxm;r_ukd w&m;0ifqkdif;iHhxm;onfhtaetxm; t& xkdapmifha&Smufr_
rsm;&&SdEdkif&ef oifh awmfonfhtaetxm;r&Sdawmhay? xkdolrsm;taeESifh
tjcm;a&G;cs,fp&mvrf; r&SdbJ 'kQonfpcef;jyifywGif aexkdif=u&onfhtwGuf
w&m;r0ifckd;0ifvmolrsm;[k owfrSwfum zrf;qD;jyefykd@cH=u&onf?
xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh Tokd@ 'kQonfESifh 0ifa&mufvmolrsm;tqifhtwef;ukd wif;=uyfpGm
cGJjcm;owfrSwfxm;&jcif;tay: aumif;rGefonfhta=umif;jycsufrsm;
&Sdonf? pcef;rsm;twGif;aexkdifcGifh&olrsm;taeESifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ESifh
tultnDomru w&m;0iftodtrSwfðy jynfyokd@xGufcGmjcif;ta=umif;&if;
jzpfonfh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; pDrHudef;rsm; wGifvnf;yg0ifcGifh&ayonf?
xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh tdrfeD;jcif;EkdifiHrsm;rS 0ifa&mufvmonfh 'kQonfrsm;. 0efydaeonfrSm
q,fpkESpfaygif;rsm;pGm =umae+yDjzpfI tusKd;pD;yGm;rsm;t& ukdifwG,faqmif&Guf
Edkifavmufonfh taetxm;tay:wGif wif;usyfonfh xdrf;csKyfukdifwG,faqmif&Guf&ef
q&Sdaeayonf? xkd@a=umifh xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh *seDAmoabmwlnDcsufpmcsKyfwGif
,ckwkdif oabmwlvufrSwfa&;xkd;jcif;r&Sdao;bJ 'kQonfrsm;ukd
“yËdyQrsm;a=umifh ,m,D tkd;tdrfpGef@cGmvm&onfholrsm;”[k txl;ac:qkdokH;E_ef;
um‚'kQonfrsm;. xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif;aexkdifr_onf jrefrmEkdifiH. tajctaersm;
jyefvnfwnf+idrfvmv#ifvmjcif; &yfwef@oGm;rnf[kvufcHxm;onf?
jrefrmjynfESifh e,fedrdwfjcif;qufpyfaeonfh tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;wGif a&muf&Sdaeonfh
jrefrm'kQonfta&twGufukd wduspGmod&Sd&jcif;r&Sday okd@aomfvnf; b*Fvm;a'h&Sf/
tdd,/ w&kwfESifh rav;&Sm;EkdifiHrsm;wGif tpkvkduftðyHvkdufa&mufvmonfh
jrefrmEkdifiHom;rsm;pGmta&; ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;ae&onf? xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh
'kQonftrsm;pkukdvufcHae&+yD; jrefrmtwkduftcHwkd@. tajcðyv_yf&Sm;r_
&Sdaeojzifh Tae&yfrStwif;t"Ra&$@ajymif;cH&jcif;pmapmif (FMR) wGif
yg0ifonfhaqmif;yg;trsm;pkonf xkdif;EkdifiH. tajctaeESifh u&ifwkdif;&if;om;wkd@
ta=umif; tav;xm; azmfjyxm;onfukdawG@&rnfjzpfonf?
tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;wGif &Sdaomjrefrm'kQonf rsm;ESifh jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;
tjcm;a'orsm;wGif&Sdaom jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm; . tajctaeudk
arS;rSdefxm;cJhonf[k rxifrSwfrdap&efjzpfonf? xkdolrsm;.ta=umif;rSmvnf;
owif;tcsuftenf;i,fom&SdonfjzpfI azmfxkwfwifjy&ef vkdtyf aeonfh
[muGufwckjzpfaeayonf?
xkd'kQonfwkd@twGuf ckdifrmonfhajz&Sif;r_rsm;aqmif&GufEdkif&efrSm
vuf&SdtajctaewGif EkdifiHwpfckckokd@ ajymif;a&$@aexkdifap&ef ae&mcsxm;r_
pDrHcsufonf t"duqkHcsufjzpfaeayonf? wm0ef,lr_cGJa0aqmif&Guf=u&mwGif
taemufEkdifiHtawmfrsm;rsm;u jrefrm'kQonftkyfpkrsm;tm;
vufcH&efoabmwlxm;=uonf? Tvkyfaqmifr_. tusKd;qufrSm
xkdif;EkdifiH'kQonfpcef;rsm;rS taemufwkdif;okd@ykd@aqmifa&; v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_
twkdif;twmrsm;pGm&SdcJhonf? b*Fvm;a'h&SfESifh tdd,&Sd wkd;csJ@aqmif&Gufvmonfh
'[email protected];wludPrsm;vnf; tygt0ifjzpfonf?
TpmapmifwGifyg0ifaom aqmif;yg;rsm;pGmwdkhonf 'kQonftjzpftodtrSwfðy
apmifha&Smufr_&&Sda&; apmifhqkdif;onfhumvwGif pcef;rsm;twGif; 'kQonfrsm;um
uG,fapmifha&Smufa&;vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGif jzpfay:vmonfhudPrsm;ESifh
'kQonfrsm;twGif; pkd;&drfylyefr_ (qufqHa&;wif;rmr_) rsm;ESifh tjcm;wpfEdkifiHodk@
ajymif;a&$@aexkdifa&;twGuf ae&mcsxm;a&;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ukd
&Sif;vif;wifjyxm;onf? ae&yfa'ojyefykd@jcif; (okd@) a'owGif; aygif;pnf;aexkdifapjcif;
uJhokd@aom tjcm;ckdifrmonfh ajz&Sif;r_rsm;tm;pOf;pm;&mwGifvnf;
vkdtyfcsufrsm;&Sdaeayao;onf? ae&yfa'ojyefykd@jcif;rSm vuf&Sdtaetxm;wGif
rjzpfedkifaomfjim;vnf; Xmersm;taeESifh teJqkH; jrefrmjynf. jzpfedkfifajc&Sdonfh
vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_ukdOD;wnfrnfh ar#mfvifhrxm;onfh tajymif;tvJrsm;ukd
xnfhpOf;pm;oifhonf? ueOD; pDrHudef;rSm tvGefta&;}uD;ayonf? wcsdefwnf;wGif
a'owGif;aygif;pnf;aexkdifap&ef rwluGJjym;onfh ajz&Sif;r_vkyfaqmifa&;twGuf
pOf;pm;awG;awmxm;oifhayonf? 'kQonfvufcHonfh tdrf&SifEkdifiHtrsm;pku
Ta&G;cs,fr_tm; qef@usifapumrl rdrdwkd@. okawoetcsuftvufrsm;t&
jrefrmjynfom;trsm;pkrSm wOD;wnf;aexkdif onfh"avhukd qef@usifum
,cifuwnf;u aygif;pnf;aexkdif=uonfholrsm;jzpfjcif;/ tjcm;wpfcsufrSm
‚wkd@onf xkdtdrf&SifEkdifiHwkd@. pD;yGm;a&;vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd jznfhpGrf;Edkifrnfh
t&nftcsif;ESifhqDav#mfolrsm;yif jzpfonf[k n$efjyxm;onf? ckdifrmonfhajz&Sif;r_
rsm;tay: yGifhvif;onfh tajctwifaqG;aEG;r_rsm;ESifh (ydwfxm;onfh) pcef;rsm;.
vufiif;wkd;wufr_rsm;onf jrefrm'kQonfrsm;ESifh ‚wkd@oGm;a&mufrnfh tdrf&SifEkdifiH wdk@
twGuf ta&;ay:vkdtyfcsufyifjzpfayonf?
txufygtwkdif; jrefrmvlxktaeESifh a'owckvkH;twGif;jzpfyGm;aeonfh
ae&yfrSzdtm;ay;armif;xkwfcH&r_ukdcHpm;ae&onfh Tvlom;wkd@.
tusyftwnf;onf a'oqkdif&mtaeESifh jy\emajz&Sif;r_rsm; vkdtyfaeonf?
jrefrmhtm%modrf;ppftkyfpk. vkyf&yfrsm;t& us,fjyef@onfh vkyfaqmifr_
pDrHcsufonfyifv#if vuf&Sdtaetxm;wGif jzpfEdkifonfhtajctaer&SdonfhtwGuf
ukvor~'kQonfrsm; qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH; UNHCR taeESifh 'kQonfvufcHonfh
EkdifiHtm;vkH;yg0ifonfh t=uHay;aumfrDwDukd zGJ@pnf;I jrefrm'kQonfrsm;ta&;ukd
pkaygif;csOf;uyfr_jzifh aqG;aEG;ndSE_dif;tajz&SmoGm;&ef wkdufwGef;oifhonf? okd@aomf
vkdpfcsm Loescher ESifh arvfem Milner wkd@. tqkduJhokd@yif Ttcsufonf
wckwnf;aomtajz&Smr_yifjzpfonf? “a'owGif; 'kQonfrsm;.vkdtyfcsufrsm;tay:
vlom;qefonfhwkef@jyefaqmif&Gufr_onf 'kQonfrsm;xGufajy;ap&ef
qufvuft"Rzdtm;ay;aeonfh ‚wkd@arG;zGm;&m ZmwdEkdifiHwGif;tajctaersm;
ajyvnfEdkifa&;twGuf tajz&Smcsufwpfckr[kwfay?” tu,fI jrefrmEkdifiH.
us,fjyef@onfhtwkdif;twm&Sdonfh ae&yfrS zdtm;ay;armif;xkwfcHae&rl
trSefwu,fyaysmufapvkdygu ukvor~txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f. tjcm;tzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;yg0ifonfh jrefrmjynfwGif;awG@qkHaqG;aEG;a&;jzpfajrmufa&; / zdtm;ay;
óud;yrf;tm;xkwfr_rsm;onf rvGJraoGvkdtyfonfh vkdtyfcsufyifjzpfonf? okd@aomf
2008 ckESpf rwfvwGif ‚
ukd,fpm;vS,foGm;a&mufcJhonfhc&D;pOft+yD; ppfrSefonfhaqG;aEG;a&;tvm;tvmrSm
pdwfysufp&mtjzpf &Sif;vif;pGmod=u&onf?
2008 ckESpf ZEM0g&DvwGif tm%modrf;ppftkyfpku trsKd;om;nDvmcHtaeESifh zGJ@pnf;t
kyfcsKyfykHtajccHOyaNrl=urf;ukd a&;qGJ+yD;+yDjzpfI jrefrmvlxk. EkdifiHawmfvlxkqcH,lyGJwGif
rJqay;=u&rnfjzpfum a&G;aumufyGJrsm;ukdvnf; ouU&mZf 2010 wGif
usif;yrnfjzpfa=umif; a=ujimcJhonf? aemufqkH;tðyoabmaqmifonfh
wkd;wufr_ayvm;[k okd@avmokd@avmjzpf=u&onf? jzpfcsifjzpfayrnf okd@
aomf pOf;pm;p&mrsm;pGm usef&Sdaeayao;onf? qef@usifol odk@r[kwf
trsKd;om;nDvmcHESifh vlxkqcH,lyGJtm; qef@usifa&;v_yf&Sm;r_ vkyfaqmifoltm;
EkdifiHawmfopPmazmuf[k owfrSwfI tjypfay;onfhtaeESifh axmif'%fESpf&Snfvrsm;
uscH&rnfjzpfonf? xkd@jyif twkduftcHacgif;aqmif Ekdb,fvf+idrf;csrf;a&;qk&Sif
a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; +Adwdo#vlrsKd;ESifh vufxyfcJhonfhtwGuf a&G;aumufyGJwGif
yg0if,SOfòydifcGifh ray;ay? *rfbm&Du EkdifiHwumrS apmifh=unfhavhvmolrsm;tm;
vlxkqcH,lyGJwGif 0ifa&mufavhvmcGifhðya&;twGuf arwWm&yfcHcJhonfhtcg ol@
tm; twkduftcHtm; bufvkdufItm;ay;tm;ajrSmufðyonf[k pGyfpGJcJhonf?
vlom;csif;pmemonfh tajctaeESifh EkdifiHa&;twkdif;twmwkd@onfh xkd@twGufa=umifh
tvGefcufcJonfhtaetxm;wGifyif &Sdaeayao;onf?
rdrdwkd@taeESifh Tpmapmifjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf yg0ifa&;om;ulnD=uonfh
todynm&Siftwwfynm&Sifrsm;/ ukvor~Xmersm;/ tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;ESifh vl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tjyif yËdyQZkeftwGif;rS
a&;om;ay;=uonfh 'kQonfrsm;/ jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm; ukd,fwkdifESifh ‚wkd@.
tjrifrsm;tm; =um;od&jcif;&Sdr&Sd aocsmap&efpkHprf;ay;cJh=uonfh 'kQonfpcef;rsm;tm;
txl;a=u;Zl;wif&Sdyga=umif;?
tifh*sf b&D;pf Inge Brees ([email protected]) onf b,fvf*sD,rfEkdifiH
*D[ef@wuUokdvftajcpkduf yuQESifhqyfqkdifonfhokawoetzGJ@ yg&*lbGJ@&ausmif;oljzpfonf?
olronf r=umrDu 'kQonfpcef;wGif ukd,fwkdiftajccsaexkdifaeonfh xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd'kQonfrsm;.
toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ESifhywfoufaom okawoeðya&;twGuf pDrHaqmif&GufcJhonf?
1 ‘xkdif;EkdifiHwGif; aESmifhaES;=uef@=umaeonfh'kQonfrsm;.tajctae - tajz&Smr_rsm;qDokd@'? ‘Protracted refugee situation in Thailand: towards solutions.' xkdif;EkdifiHEkdifiHjcm;pme,fZif;rsm;uvyfokd@ wifjycsuf Foreign Correspondents Club of Thailand? 2006 ckESpf azaz:0g&Dv 1 &uf?
2 a&;om;ay;ykd@=uonfh 'kQonfrsm;. vkHjcKHa&;twGuf ‚[email protected];ukd xnfhoGif;azmfjyjcif;rðyyg? ‚[email protected];qkdcsuft& vltrnftpm;
tzGJ@tpnf;trnfrsm;ukdrSwfwrf;wifazmfjyay;ygonf?
6 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
ppftkyfpk. &ufpufr_ukd jrefrmjynfrSxGufajy;cJh=uonfh 'kQonfwkd@u
ukd,fwkdifoufaocHEkdifayonf? ZM0g&DvwGif rdrdtaeESifh jrefrmEkdifiHrS
ig;rkdiftuGmwGifomwnf&Sdonfh xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd r,fv'kQonfpcef;okd@
tvnftywfa&mufcJhpOfu tm%modrf;ppftkyfpka=umihf 'kQcHpm;&ol 'kQonf
'gZifaygif;rsm;pGm. tjzpfwkd@ukd =um;cJh&onf? 1948 ckESpfwGif Tpcef;taeESifh
'kQonf 1100 ukd c_dv_HcGifhay;apmifha&SmufcJh aomfvnf; ,cktcg vlOD;a& 40000
cef@tm; vufcHxm;&ayonf? ,cifESpfu r,fvwGifaexkdifol 7000 tm;
tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;okd@ ykd@aqmifae&mcsxm;ay;cJhaomfjim;vnf; 'kQonfta&twGufrSm
wkd;wufvmaeayonf? vuf&Sdr,fvwGifusef&Sdaexdkifaom pcef;om;tcsKd@onf
rlvtpuwnf;u aexkdifaeolrsm;jzpfonf? tcsKd@rSm r=umrD&ufoWywfrsm;ESifh
vrsm;twGif; ajrjrSkyfrSdkif; t=uD; tus,f axmifxm;onfh e,fpyfukdjzwfausmfI 0ifa
&mufaexdkifcJhjcif;jzpfonf?
trsm;pk taeESifh ppfwyfu ‚[email protected];&Gmrsm;tm; rD;&_d@jymcscJhojzifh
jyefp&majrr&Sdjzpfaea=umif; ajymjy=uonf? uav;okH;a,muf&Sdonfh
zcifwpfOD;url ppfwyfuol@
tm; ppftokH;taqmifypPnf;rsm;
tcrJh o,f,lykd@aqmifay;&ef
trdef@ay;apckdif;cJhI
xGufajy;cJh&jcif;jzpfonf[k
ajymqkdcJhonf? ‚taeESifh
&Sif;vif;onfh a&G;p&mvrf;rSm
trdef@twkdif;ay:wmtaeESifh
vkdufxrf;v#ifvkdufxrf;
okd@r[kwf ppfwyftm;
vmbfxkd;&efom&Sdonf? okd@
aomfvnf;aiGr&SdonfhtwGuf ol@
taeESifhykef;atmif;aecJhonf?
ppfwyfrS ‚ay:wma=u;
ta=utvnfay;acsr_r&Sdolwkd@.
tdrfrsm;tm;
r=umc%pD;eif;&SmazGavh&Sdonf?
wcgw&H wpfnwnf;wGif okH;av;
}udrf 0ifa&muf&SmazGavh&Sd&m
‚taeESifh tjcm;
a&G;cs,fp&mvrf;r&Sdawmhojzifh
rdom;pkESifhtwl xkdif;EkdifiHbufokd@
xGufajy;cJh&ayonf?
0rf;enf;p&maumif;onfrSm
rdrd.c&D;pOftwGif;
tvm;wlt"Rvkyftm;ay;ckdif;apr_
Zwfvrf;rsm;rSm r&kd;edkifonfh tjzpfrsm;yifjzpfayawmhonf?
aus;&GmwGiftwif;t"Rcdkif;apjcif;rS umuG,f&eftwGuf trsKd;orD;wpffOD;o!f
vufeufudkif rdcifrsm;wyfukd teD;ywf0ef;usif aus;&Gmrsm;ESifhtwl zGJ@pnf;xm;um
t"Rvkyftm;ay;ckdif;apr_wkd@ukd tumtuG,fay;cJhonf? rkqkd;rwpfOD;url
ppfwyfrS‚wkd@tm;ypfrSwfxm;vmI olr.orD;okH;OD;ukdac:um e,fpyfokd@
jzwfausmfxGufajy;cJh&onf? rdom;pkwkdif;wGif ‚wkd@xHrS ppfwyf. (tcsKd@udPrsm;wGif
wkdif;&if;om;wyfrsm;.) qufa=u; okd@r[kwf umuG,fa&;&HykHaiGtwGuf
+cdrf;ajcmufaiGnSpfr_rsm;ta=umif; ukd,fawG@Zwfvrf;rsm;pGm&Sdayonf?
&Gmrsm;zsufqD;cH&jcif;/ pepfwuspDpOfvkyfaqmifonfh rk'drf;r_/ wm&Snfqif;&JrGJawr_/
tvkyf&Sm;yg;jcif;ESifh usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_ okd@r[kwf ynma&;tcGifhtvrf;
r&&Sdjcif;wkd@tm; ajymjycJh=uayonf? rvl;omrvGef@omtajctaeESifh cGJwrf;ES
ifhpm;&onfhtpm;taomufukdom pm;aomufae&aomfvnf; 'kQonfpcef;wGif
tenf;qkH; uav;rsm;taeESifh ausmif;wuf&ef ausmif;rsm;&Sdonf? xkd@tjyif
pcef;aumfrDwDuvnf; vlxktm; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif todtrSwfrðyjiif;qefcH&onfh
'Drkdua&pDvGwfvyfcGifhtwkdif;twmwpfcktm; ay;tyfcJhonf? rdrda&mufcJhonfh
'gzm&Sdpcef;rsm;tygt0if 'kQonfpcef;wkdif;wGif 'kQonftrsm;pk}uD;u ‚wkd@tdrfokd@
jyefvkd=uonf? r,fvwGifrl rdrdpum;ajymcJhonfh wpf0ufxufenf;yg;aom 'kQonfwdk@
onf rdrdtdrfokd@rdrdjyefoGm;vkdonf[k ajymcJh=uonf? ‚wkd@taeESifhjyefvkdonf[k
ajym=uolrsm;rSm pum;t&ajymcJh=uaomfvnf; ‚wkd@tm;vkH;.tqkdt&
'Drkdua&pDpepfrxlaxmifE_difao;cifumvywfvkH; tdrfjyef&efar#mfvifhcsufr&Sd[lIyifjz
pfonf?
trSefrSm jrefrmjynfwGif;&Sd oef;aygif;rsm;pGmaomvlxkonf tvGef
cufcJ=urf;wrf;aom b0wpfckukd OD;aqmif&kef;uefae&onfrSm tqef;r[kwfyg?
uBm htjrifhqkH;pD;yGm;tiftm;trsm;pk. 0ef;&Hxm;aom jrefrmjynfol okH;ykHwpfykHonf
wpf&ufv#if qifh (30) atmufaiGjzifh &Sifoefae=u&onf? (10) &mE_ef;rSm
vkHavmufonfhtpm;taomufr&Sd/ edkifiHhuav;OD;a& oef;ESpfq,f. wpf0ufcef@
rSm rlvwef;ausmif;ynm ukdyifqkH;cef;wkdifroif&ay? vlxk. 70 &mckdifE_ef;rSm
iSufzsm;a&m*g. tœ&m,fukd &ifqkdifae&onf? atmufwkdbmvwGif t*FvefEkdifiH.
taxmuftyHhtm; 2010 ckESpfrwkdifrD -2007-08 wGif aygifudk;oef;rS aygif
(18)oef;txd- ESpfqwkd;ay;&ef rdrdtaeESifh a=ujimcJhonf? rdrdwkd@taeESifh
tusKd;oufa&mufr_&Sda=umif; oufaojyxm;+yD;jzpfonfh [email protected];tm;
wkd;csJ hvkyfaqmifoGm;rnfjzpfonf? ‚wGif jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif; jrefrmEkdifiHe,fpyfrS
'kQonfrsm;ESifh jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonftm; apmifha&Smufa&;/ rlvwef;
ynma&;+yD;qkH;onfxdavhvmE_difonfh uav;OD;a& wkd;wufvmapa&;/ t"du
touftœ&m,fay;owfjzwfaeonfh iSufzsm;/ wDbDESifh tdyfcsftkdifAD§attkdif
'Dtufpfa&m*gwkd@tm; wkdufzsufa&;tultnDay;jcif;tjyif vlxktajccHtzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;tm; ykdrdkckdifrmap&eftultnDay;vkyfaqmifoGm;jcif;wkd@ yg0ifonf? rdrdwkd@
taeESifh ukvor~Xmeqdkif&mXmersm;ESifh tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rSwqifh
qufvufvkyfaqmifoGm;rnfjzpfI rdrdwkd@. rnfonfhtultnDukdrqkd
jrefrmA[kdtpkd;& rSwqifhoGm;rnfr[kwfay?
atmufwkdbmvrSpI jrefrmhta&;onf owif;acgif;}uD;ykdif;u¾rSaysmufuG,f
oGm;onfrSm wpkHw&mwkd;wufvmonfh t"d`g,fr[kwfay? azazmf0g&Dv
Taqmif;yg;a&;aepOfwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf tdrfwGif;tusOf;pHb0ESifhyif
&Sdaeonf? twkduftcHygwDu jrefrmEkdifiH. tajccHOya'opfa&;qGJa&;wGif
tcef;u¾wpfcktjzpfyg0if&ef jiif;qefcJhonf? xkd@tjyif [email protected]ºuGv_yf
&Sm;olrsm;tm; qufvufzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifaeonf? ppftm%modrf;tkyfpku
pufwifbmqjyr_tm; tao;tr$m;tjzpf azmfjycJhonf? vlxkqcH,lyGJðyvkyf&ef
tcsdefowfrSwfjcif;ESifh aemifwGif a&G;aumufyGJrsm; usif;yay;rnfqkdonfrSm twkduft
cHtm;vkH;zdESdyfESdrfeif;cHxm;&ygu bmt"d`g,frS&Sdrnfr[kwfay?
uBmhukvor~twGif;a&;r_;csKyf. txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f tDA&m[if *rfbm&DESifh aqG;aEG;r_
rSmvnf; ppfrSefonfhwkd;wufr_ jzpfrvmao;onfhtajctaewGif &Sdaeonf? w&kwf/
tdd,ESifh tmpD,HedkififiHrsm;tygt0if edkifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;taeESifhuk
vor~.ta&;ay:aqmif&Guftm;xkwfr_tm; rjzpfraetm;ay;&rnfjzpfonf?
tkdrif;onfhtapmifha[mif;u tm%mukdzufwG,fxm;onfhtaetxm;wGif
rdrdwkd@taeESifh jrefrmtm%modrf;ppftkyfpktwGif;&Sdvli,fxktm; ‚[email protected]'rSm
tajymif;tvJtwGuf vkdtyfcsuf okd@r[kwf awmif;qkdaer_tm; xdrf;csKyfI r&E_dif
onfukd oabmaygufem;vnfvmygap[lIom ar#mfvifh&ayawmhrnf?
v$wfawmftrwf a'guf*vyf tvufZENm;onf t*FvefEkdifiH (United Kingdom) . EkdifiHwumwkd;wufr_Xme. twGif;a&;rSL;jzpfonf? (www.dfid.gov.uk)
vGefcJhonfhpufwifbmvwGif uBmhtm&kHpkdufr_onf jrefrmEkdifiHa&$0ga&mif
awmfvSefa&;ESifh tm%modrf;ppftkyfpk. &ufpufpGmESdrfeif;cJhr_rsm;tay:wGif
usa&mufcJhonf? qjyyGJrsm;onf qif;&JwGif;usaejcif;/ vlxk. ESpfaygif;rsm;
pGmEkdifiHa&;zdESdyfcH&r_ESifh pD;yGm;a&;usqif;r_wkd@a=umifh jzpfvmonfh a'gowkd@u
pwifrD;ar$;cJhjcif;yifjzpfonf?
tajymif;tvJ ta&;ay:vkdtyfaeonfh
jrefrmEkdifiHa'guf*vyf tvufZENm;
xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd
'kuQonf
ausmif;
Mar
c va
n de
r Sto
uwe
FMR 30 7armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
,ae@ jrefrmEkdifiHwGif uBmay:&Sd t"Rae&yfa'orsm;rSajymif;a&$@cH&onfh
tqkd;&Gm;qkH;vkyfaqmifaer_ rsm;xJrS tqkd;qkH;u'fqkdufr_wpfck &Sdaeonf?
tESpf 50 ausmf yËdyQESifh vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm;u us,fjyefonfh
t"Rae&yfrSzdtm;ay; ajymif;a&$@apjcif;rsm;jzpfay:a&; OD;wnfaponf? tenf;qkH;
vlwpfoef;tm; jynfwGif;wGif xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifae&apI vlwpfoef;ausmfu
tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHrsm;jzpfonfh b*Fvm;a'h&Sf/ w&kwf/ tdd,/ rav;&Sm;eSifh
xkdif;EkdifiHrsm;okd@ xGufajy;vmcJh&onf? xkdokd@ ulnDa&;ESifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;
vkyfief;rsm;rSa0; onfhtajctaewGif rdrdwkd@aetdrfrsm;rS xGufajy;vmcJh=u&olrsm;
&Sdaevifhupm; jrefrmtpkd;&url EkdifiHwGif; vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm;.t}uD;qkH;
vufonfw&m;cH jzpfaeonfukdawG@&onf? wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pk vlrsKd;pkwkd@
taeESifh txl;ojzifh tenf;qkH; vlig;odef;avmufrSm EkdifiHwumvlom;jcif;pm
emonfhOya' okd@r[kwf vl@tcGifhfta&;Oya'rsm;tm; csKd;azmufr_wkd@a=umifh
tvGeftrif; tiftm;csdeJ@I jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;a'orsm;wGif ae&yfrsm;tm; pGef@
cGmxGufajy; aexkdif=u&onf? r=umrDESpfrsm;twGif; EkdifiHwum tokdif;t0kdif;.
pkpnf;r_jzifh ‘umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;wm0ef' tm; xdkEkdifiHom;wkd@twGuf t&SdefjrSifh
vkyfaqmifcJhaomfvnf; xkd pkd;&drfzG,f&m apmfum;r_rsm;qufvufusL;vGefaejcif;jzifh
jyifyuBm. *&kpkdufr_tenf;i,fukd &&SdapcJhonf?
vufeufukdifyËdyQqufvufjzpfyGm;aeonfh tuGuftuGif;rsm;jzpfonfh
wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pka'orsm;/ txl;ojzifh ta&S@ykdif;e,fpyfwpfavsmufwGif
tpkd;&wyfrsm;taeESifh us,fjyef@pGmjzpfay:aeonfh zdpD;ESdyfpufr_/ nSOf;yrf;ESdyfpufr_/
Oya'rJhuGyfrsufr_/ uav;rsm;tm; twif;ppfr_xrf;apjcif;/ rk'def;usifhjcif;/
bmoma&;taqmuftOD;rsm;tm; azmufcGJzsufqD;jcif;ESifh t"Rvkyftm;ay;apjcif;wkd@
tay: wm0ef&Sdonf? tpkd;&wyfrsm;u vufeufukdifqef@usifa&;awmfvSefa&;tzGJ@wkd@.
pm;a&&dQm/ &HykHaiG/ vlopfpkaqmif;a&;ESifh owif;axmufyHhr_rsm;tm; jzwfawmuf&ef
&nf&G,fonfh ‘jzwfav;jzwf’ [ktrnf&onfh wefjyefawmfvSefa&;pDrHcsufwGif
EkdifiHom;wkd@tm; twif;t=uyf ‚[email protected]&yfa'orsm;rS armif;xkwfjcif;ukdvkyfaqmif
cJh=uonf?
jrefrmtpkd;&rS wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pk vlrsKd;pkwkd@tay: wrif&nf&G,fI ðyvkyfaeonfh
zdpD;ESdyfpufr_ESifh twif;t=uyfae&yfrSarmif;xkwfa&;tjzpfwkd@rSm &yfwef@aejcif;
odk@r[kwf jywfawmif;jywfawmif;vkyfjcif;rsKd; r[kwfbJ jrefrmtpkd;&. r[mAsL[mt&
wnf+idrfonfh xdrf;csKyfr_rsm;vkyfaqmif&ef vufawG@ESifh wom;wnf;usaeonfh v_
yf&Sm;vkyfaqmifr_jzpfonf? ‚vkyf&yfwkd@taeESifh vlom;qef@usifa&; &mZ0wfr_rsm;uJhokd@
oabmoufa&mufaeayonf? tpkd;&wyfrsm;tm; wkdufckdufaeonfh wkdif;&if;om;wyf
wkd@onfvnf; enfyg;onfhyrm%taeESifh vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm;tm;
ºul;vGef=uonf? &maxmifcsDonfh vlxktaeESifh a&G;cs,fp&mvrf;r&Sdawmhonfht
wGuf ZmwdajrukdpGef@cGmI vkHðcHonfht&yfrsm;okd@ oGm;a&muf=u&onf? typftc
wf&yfpJxm;onfhae&mrsm;wGifyif wyfrawmftaeESifh vltcGifhta&;rsm; qufvuf
csKd;azmufaeonfhtwGuf ae&yfukdpGef@cGmxGufajy;&r_rsm; qufvuf jzpfyGm;aponf?
ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;tay: umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ESifh tultnDay;r_
EkdifiHwumuef@owfcsufjzpfonfh jynfwGif;ae&yfrS armif;ESifxkwfcH&
olrsm;tay: vrf;n$efpnf;urf;csufrsm; tm; wm0ef,laqmif&Gufr_rsm;
vkyfaqmif&efvkdtyfcsuft& tcsKyftjcmtm%mt,ltqtay: zGJ@
pnf;csrSwfcJhonf? ‚wkd@u EkdifiHhtm%mykdifrsm;taeESifh ‚wkd@. w&m;pD&ifykdifcGifhtwGif;
ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;tm; tultnDay;a&;ESifh tumtuG,fay;a&;wkd@ay;tyf&ef
tajccHwm0ef&Sd+yD; wm0ef,laqmif&Gufr_rsm; vkyfaqmifoGm;&efwkd@tm;
twnfðycJhonf? EkdifiHhtm%mykdifrsm;xHrS xkdae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&olrsm;taeE
Sifh tultnDawmif;a&;ESifh tumtuG,f&&Sda&;tcGifhta&;wkd@tm; tultnDESifh
tumtuG,f&&Sda&;wkd@twGufvnf; tmrcHay;cJhonf? pnf;urf;csufrsm;u
ekdifiHwum vlom;csif;pmemr_tultnDay;a&; vkyfaqmifaeonfh tzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;. tcGifhta&;tm; ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;tm; taxmuftyHhay;a&;ðyvkyf&ef
rD;armif;xkd;jycJhonfhtjyif tpkd;&wpfcktaeESifh xif&mjrif&mqkwfukdifxm;um
txl;ojzifh ‚ukd,fwkdif rwwfE_difjcif; odk@r[kwf tultnDay;tyfvkdjcif;r&Sdonfhtcg
xkdtjcm;olrsm;ay;tyfrnfh taxmuftyHhwkd@tm; vufrcHjcif;/ vkdufavsmr_
rðyjcif;rsKd;rvkyfoifha=umif; tav;teufazmfjycJhonf?
ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfonfh vkyf&yfrsm;twGuf EkdifiHtm%mykdifr‡m t
}uD; tus,f wm0ef&Sdaeonfh jrefrmEkdifiHta&;wGif ppfajy;'kQonfudPu
EkdifiHa&;xdvG,fckdufvG,fjzpfr_wkd@tm; jzpfay:aeaponf? ‚tpkd;&u
ppfajy;'kQonf&Sdaeonfukd todtrSwfðy&ef jiif;qefcJhonfhjyif ‚wkd@
tm; todtrSwfðya&; odk@r[kwf tultnDay;a&; pDrHcsufvnf;r&Sday?
EkdifiHwum vlom;csif;pmemr_jzifh axmufyHhulnDay;onfh tzGJ@rsm;u ‚wkd@.
wm0efcsxm;vkyfaqmifr_jzifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ tenf;i,fr#omay;tyf
E_difonf? OyrmtaeESifh jrefrmEkdifiHtaemufykdif; EkdifiHwum tultnDay;tzGJ$@
jrefrmtpkd;&. ‚[email protected];rsm;tm;qef@usifI qufvufðyvkyfaeonfh
pkd;&drfzG,f vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm;ESifh &ifqkdifae&aomfvnf; EkdifiHwum
tokdif;t0kdif;taeESifh jrefrmEkdifiHtay: wm0ef,lumuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;rl
Responsibility to Protect (R2P) t& pwifwkef@jyefr_rsm;
ðyvkyfoGm;&ef ta&;}uD;onf?
EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;.
umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;wm0efumADwm &SLuvm
xGufajy;
ae=uonfh
&Gmom;rsm;
2007 ckESpf/
atmufwkdbm
Free
Bur
ma
Rang
ers
8 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
rsm;&Sdonfh &ckdifjynfe,fwGif csKd;azmufr_rsm; av#mhcsr_wpkHw&m&Sdonf? okd@aomf
EkdifiHwum vlom;csif;pmema&; taxmuftyhHay;tzGJ@rsm;. yËdyQjzpfyGm;aeonfh
jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif; e,fpyfZkefrsm;twGif; ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;ESifh tjcm;csnfheJ@
aeonfhvlxk xHoGm;a&muftultnDay;a&;tm; cGifhðyay;&ef jiif;qefjcif;cH&onf?
EkdifiHwum=uufajceDaumfrDwD International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC) taeESifh Ta'orsm;twGif; vGwfvyfpGmvkyfaqmifcGifh&onfh
wpfckwnf;aomtzGJ@jzpfonf? okd@aomf vuf&Sd EkdifiHawmfat;csr;fom,ma&;ESifh zGH@
òzd;a&;aumifpD (etz) [kvlodrsm;onfh jrefrmtpkd;&. EkdifiHa&;tajymif;tvJ.
OD;wnfr_rsm;u 2004 ckESpfwGif ykdI txD;usefapI xkdaumfrDwDtaeESifhvnf;
xdpyfvkyfaqmifcGifh&apa&;twGuf csKyfcs,fuef@owfr_topfrsm;ESifh
&ifqkdifae&onf? armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfh vlxkxHokd@ e,fpyfjzwfausmfc&D;pOftm;
wm0ef,lvkyfaqmifaeonfh xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd tokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;.
a&muf&Sdr_u Ta'otwGuf tultnDtenf;i,f ay;tyfonf?
TtultnDay;r_u EkdifiHawmftcsKyftjcmtm%mykdifr_twGuf vkdufem&efpnf;urf;
rsm;tm;azmufzsuf vkyfaqmifr_jzpfaomfvnf; wpfckwnf;aom vlxkxHa&muf&Sdrnfh
enf;vrf;yifjzpfonf?
uBmay:&SdEkdifiHtenf;i,favmufom ae&yfa'orsm;rSarmif;xkwf&ef zdtm;ay;I
xkdokd@aom }uD;us,fonfh twkdif;tq/ xkdokd@ uef@owfxm;onfhwkef@jyefr_wkd@tm;
ukvor~tzGJ@0ifEkdifiHrsm;ESifh Xmersm;rS E_duf,lavh&Sdonf? EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;
rsm;pGmtaeESifh xkd=urf;ñuwfr_rsm;twkdif;twmtm; owdrrlrdonfh
taetxm;&Sdonf? wuBmvkH;eD;yg; óud;pm;I ‚EkdifiH. EkdifiHa&;ESifh vl@tcGifhta&; jy\
emrsm;tm; ajz&Sif;a&;u t"dutaeESifh ppftm%mykdifrsm;ESifh 'Drkdua&pDvkdvm;onfh
wyfrsm;twGif; yËdyQtm; OD;pm;ay;vkyfaqmifjcif;jzpfonf? ArmcsKyfukdifxm;onfh
A[kdtpkd;&ESifh Armr[kwfol wkdif;&if;om;rsm;twGif; yËdyQu jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;
ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfr_trsm;pktm; cvkwfqGJjzpfay:apI xkdyËdyQtaeESifh t}
uD;tus,f0ef;&HjzpfyGm;aeonf?
jrefrmtpkd;&ESifh EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;trsm;pkwkd@u pdwfysufr_jzpfyGm;aomfvnf;
etztm; ukefoGk,fzuf tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHrsm;jzpfonfh w&kyfESifh tdd, wkd@u
aemufuG,frS taxGaxGtm;ay;tm;ajrSmufðyaeayonf? jrefrmEkdifiHtaeESifh
tzG@J0ifwpfcktjzpfyg0ifonfh a'o[pfwkdifwpfckjzpfonfh ta&S@awmiftm&S E_difiHrsm;
tpnf;t&kH; (tmqD,H) uvnf; avmuxkH;wrf;azmufzsufr_rsm;ðyvkyfr_tay:
tpkd;&.wm0efcHr_tm; a&Smif=uOfa&;ukdifpGJxm;um EkdifiH. jynfwGif;a&;udPrsm;tm;
0ifa&mufpGufzufr_rðyvkyfa&;tjrifukd tjyif;txefaxmufyHhr_ ðyvkyfaeonf?
tumtuG,fay;a&;wm0ef &0ef'gEkdifiH&Sd owfjzwfrsKd;ðzwfr_rsm;uwnf;u tcsKyftjcmtm%mykdiftpkd;&rsm;u
‚[email protected] vkHðcHr_ESifh okccsrf;omay;tyf&ef ysufuGufr_tay: EkdifiHwumt
okdif;t0kdif;taeESifh ykdrkdjrifhrm;onfh wm0ef,lr_tm; wdusonfhtajctaersm;twGif;
pwifvkyfaqmifcJh=uonf? q,fpkESpfrsm;twGif; 0ifa&mufpGufzufr_
rðya&;pnf;urf;tm; rnfonfhEkdifiH. jynfwGif;a&; w&m;pD&ifykdifcGifh tusKH;0ifonfh
udPrsm;tm; tav;teufcsrSwfxm;onfh ukvor~yÉdOmOfpmwrf; yk'fr 2²7
t& EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;taeESifh usL;vGefolrsm; tjypfay;cH&jcif;r&Sdonfh
taetxm;wpfckwGif qkd;&Gm;onfh vl@tcGifhta&;azmufzsufcH&r_rsm;a=umifh
vlxktaeESifh cHpm;ae&onfta=umif; ajymqkd&efyif0efav;wGef@qkwfae=uonf?
odk@aomf r=umrDESpfrsm;twGif; tcsKyftjcmtm%mtm; tcsKyftjcmtm%m.
jynfhpkHonfhtjrifqDokd@ EkdifiHom;rsm;tm; tumtuG,fay;a&;ESifh qkd;0g;onfh
usL;vGefr_rsm;ESifh tpktzGJ@vkduf,kwfrm&rf;um;r_wkd@tm; wm;qD;a&;
wm0efwpfcktaeESifh ajymif;vnf;wkd;wufr_rsm;jzpfay:vmcJhonf?
wm0ef,lumuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;rl (R2P) . pnf;urf;t& tcsKyftjcmtm%m
ykdifEkdifiHrsm;wGif ‚wkd@. vlxktay: rsKd;ðzwfowfjzwfjcif;/ ppf&mZ0wfr_rsm;/ wkdif;&if;
om;vlrsKd;pkazsmufzsufjcif;ESifh pmemr_uif;rJhonfh &mZ0wfr_wkd@rS tumtuG,fay;&ef
tajccHwm0ef,lr_ESifh ‚wkd@taeESifh qr&Sdonfh okd@r[kwf xkdwm0eftm;
vkyfaqmif&ef rwwfE_difonfh tcsdefwGif wm0ef,laqmif&Gufr_u us,fjyef@onfh
EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;xHokd@ v$Jajymif;a&muf&SdoGm;onf? R2P . vkdtyfonfh
ta&;,laqmif&Gufr_onf v$rf;ðcHonfhumuG,faqmif&Gufr_ESifh EkdifiH.vkyfE_dif
pGrf;wnfaxmifa&;/ em=unf;csufrsm;tm;ukpm;jcif;ESifh w&m;Oya'enf;vrf;usrus
vkyfaqmifjcif;wkd@yg0ifonf? okd@aomf tu,fI tumtuG,fay;&efysufuGuf
ygu R2P taeESifh rnfonfh pD;yGm;a&;/ EkdifiHa&;/ oHwrefqufqHa&;/
w&m;Oya'/ vkHðcHa&;tajctaewGif jzpfap okd@r[kwf aemufqkH;ckdukd;&mtjzpf
ppfa&;wkdif;twmtaeESifh vkyfaqmifa&;wkd@rSm tpktzGJ@vkduf ,kwfrm&rf;um;r_
rsm;tm; wm;qD;&ef r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfayonf?
2005 ckESpf uBmhxdyfoD;aqG;aEG;yGJwGif uBmhtpkd;&rsm;u R2P pnf;urf;tm;
oabmwlnDcJh+yD; EkdifiHtm%mykdifwkd@taeESifh ‚[email protected];
,kwfrm&ufpufonfh &mZ0wfr_rS tumtuG,fay;a&; ysufuGufonfESifh yl;aygif;
ta&;,laqmif&Gufa&;tm; vkHðcHa&;aumifpDrSwqifh tajccH ta=umif;w&m;
wpfck+yD;wpfck tcsdeftwkdif;twmtwGif;jywfom;onfhvkyf[eftaeESifh vkyfaqmifa&;
csxm;owfrSwfcJhonf? EkdifiHaygif; 192 EkdifiHrS xdyfwef;acgif;aqmifrsm;vufrSwf
a&;xkd;cJhonfh uBmhxdyfoD;&v'fpmcsKyf World Summit Outcome Document uvnf; ta&;}uD;onfh EkdifiHwum uef@owfcsuftaeESifh
ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;tm; tumtuG,fay;a&;ESifh xda&mufonfhtwkdif;twmjzifh ‚wkd@.
umuG,f apmifha&Smufa&;t&SdefjrSifhwifa&; qkH;jzwfr_vkyfaqmifa&;wkd@vkyfaqmif&ef
vrf;n$efpnf;urf;rsm;tm; todtrSwfðycJh=uonf?
2006 ckESpf {+yDvwGifcsrSwfxm;onfh qkH;jzwfcsuf 1674 rSwqifh vkHðcHa&;aumifpDu
EkdifiHom;wkd@ESifh tjcm; umuG,fapmifha&Smufxm;onfh yk~Kdvfwkd@tm;
ajymifajymifwif;wif; ypfrSwfxm;I vkyfaqmif&efapckdif;onfh wm0ef/ ºul;vGefr_ESifh
ppfa&;yËdyQtwGif; ae&mtESH@jzpfyGm;aeonfh EkdifiHwum vlom;csif;pmemr_ESifh vl@
tcGifhta&;Oya' csKd;azmufr_wkd@taeESifh EkdifiHwum+idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh vkHðcHa&;wkd@
tm; csdef;ajcmufr_ jzpfyGm;aprnf [ktodtrSwfðyxm;onf? vkHðcHa&;aumifpDu
xkduJhokd@tajctaersm;tm; pOf;pm;&ef tqifoifhjzpfaea=umif;ESifh
vkdtyfygu oifhawmfonfhaqmif&Gufr_ajcvSrf;rsm;tm; taumiftxnfazmf
vkyfaqmifoGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; rSwfcsufðycJhayonf?
wm0ef,lumuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;rl Responsibility to Protect (R2P) t&ta&;,ljcif;
qkH;jzwfcsuftm; ta&;,laqmif&Gufr_wu,fvkyfaqmifa&;twGuf t"dy`g,fzGifhqkdr_
ðyvkyfxm;jcif; r&Sdaomfvnf; Tpnf;urf;csuftm; rnfokd@tokH;ðyrnfqkdonfhtay:
oabmwlnDcsuf tenf;i,fom&Sdonf? vkHðcHa&;aumifpDwGif taemufEkdifiHrsm;.
tpktzGJ@vkduf ,kwfrm&rf;um;r_rsm;tm; EkdifiHwum +idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh vkHðcHa&;wkd@
tm; csdef;ajcmufr_wpfcktjzpf ,lqjcif;ESifh w&kwfESifh &k&Sm;wkd@ uJhokd@aom
uBmhxdyfoD;&vm'fpmcsKyftm; vufcHI qkH;jzwfcsuf 1674 tm; axmufcHaomfvnf;
tcsKyftjcmtm%mydkifqkdifr_ta&; tjiif;yGm;jcif;ukd R2P tay:qufvuf
wkd;jrSifhvkyfaqmifaeonfh uGJjym;jcm;em;r_rsm; &Sdaeayonf?
'gzmudPwGif ta&;,laqmif&Gufr_wkd@u umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;wm0ef
tokH;tE_H;twGuf wkd;wufabmifcwfcH&onf? qkH;jzwfcsuf 1769 u EkdifiHom;
umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;ESifh vlom;jcif; pmemr_tultnDay;vkyfaqmifaeonfh
vkyfom;rsm;. ta&;ygr_ukd tav;teufðyvkyfonfhtcgwGif
vkHðcHa&;aumifpDqkH;jzwfcsuf 1706 onf yxrqkH;om"utjzpfESifh
R2P oabmxm;tm; wdusonfhtajctaewGif tokH;ðy&efjzpfcJhonf?
qm[m&vufatmufcH tpkd;&rsm;pGmu 'gzmudPwGif R2P pnf;urf;tm;
tjyif;txef twkduftcHðyvkyfcJhonf? okd@aomf vkHðcHa&;aumifpDxJrS
XmecGJrsm;taeESifh jyif;xefonfh pkaygif;ta&;,laqmif&Gufr_tm; 'gzmwGif
vkyfaqmifa&;tm; [ef@wm;cJh=uonf?
jrefrmEkdifiHtajctaeu ‚. acgif;pOftay: rJcGJqkH;jzwfcJhonfh 2006 pufwifbmtxd
vkHðcHa&;aumifpD. tm%mpuftwGif; usavmufvmonfh ykHpHr&Sday?
TrJcGJqkH;jzwfcsufu taxGaxGnDvmcHqkH;jzwfcsufESifh vl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&Sif.
trsKd;om;jyefvnf&if=um;apha&; ESifh 'Drkdua&pDðyjyifajymif;vnf;r_aqmif&Gufa&;
awmif;qkdcsuftm; jrefrmtpkd;&.vkdufemaqmif&Guf&ef jiif;qefvkyfaqmifaeonfh
ESpfrsm;pGm=umrS jzpfay:vmjcif;jzpfonf? 2004 ckESpfuwnf;u tpkd;&u ukvor~t
axGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyf. jrefrmEkdifiHtxl;oHwrefvma&mufcGifh jiif;y,fcJhonfhjyif
2003 ckESpfuwnf;u jrefrmEkdifiHtpkd;&u jrefrmEkdifiHta&;twGufxdpyf
aqmif&GufcGifh&&ef txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fvma&mufa&;tm;vnf;
jiif;qefydwfyifxm;cJhonf? vkHðcHa&;aumifpD. jyify&Sd óud;yrf;tm;xkwfr_tm;vkH;wkd@
onf ukefqkH; vufyef;usae&onfh taetxm;yifjzpfonf?
vkHðcHa&;aumifpD. aqG;aEG;r_acgif;pOftwGif; jrefrmEkdifiHtm; a&muf&Sdapa&;
,kH=unfcsufrSm t+rJwrf;tzGJ@0ifrsm;jzpfonfh &k&Sm;ESifh w&kwfEkdifiHwkd@u 2007 ckESpf
ZEM0g&DvtwGif; jrefrmEkdifiHtwGuf yxrqkH;qkH;jzwfcsuftay: ADwkdtm%mokH;I
y,fcscJhojzifh oufqkd;r&Snf jzpfcJhonf? xkd@a=umifh tjcm;awmif;qkdcsufrsm;twGif;
tpkd;&tm; wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;tm; wkdufckdufr_tm;vkH;&yfwef@a&;ESifh
vlom;jcif;pmemonfhtultnDay;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; twm;tqD;rJh
qufoG,faqmif&Gufr_ay;tyfa&; awmif;qkdr_wkd@ &SdcJhonf? Ty,fcsr_rSm
vkHðcHa&;aumifpD. 1989 ckESpfaemufykdif; yxrqkH;pkaygif;aqmif&GufcJhonfh
FMR 30 9armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
ADwkdtm%mokH;r_jzpfonf? ‚wkd@. xkwfjyefcsufwGif w&kwfESifh &k&Sm;wkd@u jrefrmEkdifiH.
tajctaerSm a'owGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh vkHðcHa&;wkd@tay: csdef;ajcmufr_rjzpfa=umif;ESifh
vkHðcHa&;aumifpDrSm EkdifiHwpfck.jynfwGif;a&;udPrsm;tm; aqG;aEG;&efae&mr[kwfa=umif;
jiif;qkdcJh=uonf? w&kwfESifh &k&Sm;wkd@u jrefrmEkdifiHtaeESifh jyif;xefonfh vl@
tcGifhta&;ESifh vlom;qkdif&mtajctaersm;ESifh &ifqkdifae&a=umif;ukd
todtrSwfðyaomfvnf; ‚wkd@u tm%mrsm;aESmifzGJ@wif;=uyfxm;r_r&Sdonfh vl@
tcGifhta&;aumifpDu jrefrmEkdifiHtay:
ta&;,la&;udPrsm; aqmif&Guf&ef taumif;qkH; aqG;aEG;yGJusif;y&efae
&mjzpfa=umif; av;eufpGmn$efjycJh=uonf? xkd ADwkdtm%mokH;E_difonfh
EkdifiHrsm;u jrefrmjynfolvlxktwGuf rnfonfh umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;rsm;
pkaygif;wm0ef,loGm;&rnfqkdonfh n$efjyr_rsKd;ukdr# vkyfaqmifcJhjcif;r&Sdajc?
2007 pufwifbmvwGif q,fpkESpfESpfcktwGif; t}uD;qkH; d'Drkdua&pDa&; v_yf&Sm;qjyr_
jrefrmEkdifiHtm; &kdufcwfcJhI aemufykdif; tpkd;&.òzdcGif;r_u EkdifiHwumtm&kHpkdufr_tm;
xyfrHóud;yrf;a&; qkHcsufjzpfapcJhonf? jyif;xefonfh oHwrefzdtm;a=umifh etzu
ukvor~twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf. txl;t=uHay;ESifh txl;ukd,fpm;vS,ftm; 2007
ckESpfaESmif;ykdif;wGif 0ifcGifhay;cJhonf? &Snfvsm;&_yfaxG;r_rsm;
pGmaemufwGif vkHðcHa&;aumifpDu OuUXxkwfjyefa=ujimcsufjzifh
+idrf;csrf;pGmqjyolrsm;tay: &ufpufpGmòzdcGif;r_tm; &_wfcscJhonfhtjyif
ppfrSefonfhaqG;aEG;yGJtm; oufqkdif&mygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ wkdif;&if;om;tkyfpkrsm;jzifh
trsKd;om;jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;atmifjrifr_&&Sd&eftwGuf vkyfaqmif&ef
awmif;qkdcJhonf? q,fpkESpfrsm;pGm t=urf;zuf&ufpufr_ESifh ae&yfrStwif;t"R
armif;xkwfcH&jcif;wkd@ukd awG@ñuH&onfhonfhtjyif tvGeftrif;
tœ&m,f&Sdjcif;ESifh cufcJ=urf;wrf;r_wkd@tm; qufvuf&ifqkdif&E_difonfh
wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pk0if jynfolvlxk umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; azmfjycsuf
vkH;0ryg0ifcJhay? jrefrm'Drkdua&pDa&;wufºuGv_yf&Sm;olwkd@tm; zdESdyfòzdcGif;r_wkd@u
avsmhenf;vmykHay:aomfvnf; tpkd;&wyfrsm;u ‚wkd@. wefjyefawmfvSefa&;enf;
¹AlL[mwpfcktaeESifh jrefrmwkdif;&if;om; vlenf;pka'orsm;&Sd jynfolvlxktay:
qufvufypfrSwfxm;vkyfaqmifaeonfhjyif tjypfay;ta&;,lr_ r&Sdonfh
vltcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm;tm; qufvufºul;vGefaeayonf? pkd;&drfr_taeESifh
‘a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;' tm;owd&r_u arS;rSdefoGm;onfhtcsufESifh jrefrmtpkd;&u
EkdifiHa&;aqG;aEG;yGJwpfckðyvkyfay;rnfh t&dyfta&mif ay;vmonfhtay:
vkHðcHa&;aumifpDtaeESifh aemufw}udrf jrefrmEkdifiHtm; av#mhcsOD;pm;ay;ta
etxm;wGifxm;&SdI tjcm;ukvor~tpdwftykdif;wkd@tm; ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;&ef
ykdrkdoifhawmfonf[k xm;&SdoGm;rnfh udPyifjzpfonf? vkHðcHa&;aumifpDtaeESifh
jrefrmhta&;tm; R2P tem*wfjzpfE_difajcZwfvrf;t& pwifIapmifh=unfh&ef
tvGefta&;}uD;onf?
tu,fI R2P t,ltqtm; d'gzmudPwGif ,laqmiftokH;csE_difygu
ta=umif;jycsufwkdif; jrefrmhta&;ESifh qufpyfjrSifhwifr_rsm; ðyvkyfaqmif&GufE_dif
rnfjzpfonf? EkdifiHwum tpdwftykdif;rsm;u vkyfief;pOftm;
taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif tcuftcJ&SdE_difaomfvnf; vkHðcHa&;aumifpDtzGJ@0ifrsm;t
aeESifh jrefrmEkdifiH. jynfolvlxktm; &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfonfh tpktzGJ@vkduf &mZ0wfr_
rsm;rS umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;. wm0ef,laqmif&Gufr_tm;
qufvufvpfvsL&_xm;ygu ‚wkd@taeESifh tpkd;&tm;vkH; rl0g't&oabmwlxm;onfh
wm0ef,lr_twGuf nHhjzif;onfh xkH;wrf;csrSwf vkyfaqmifaejcif;omv#if
jzpfayawmhrnf?
umADwm &SLuvm ([email protected]) onf jrefrm'kQonfrsm;ESifh
ppfajy;'kQonfwkd@tay: okawoeðyvkyfaeolwpfOD;jzpfonf?
1 www.brookings.edu/projects/idp/gp_page.aspx2 ,cifu EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ (e0w) [kvlodrsm;onf?
3 *&uf tJAefpf . ‘EkdifiHawmftcsKyftjcmtm%mykdifqkdifr_ uef@owfcsufrsm; - 21 &mpkwGif; umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;
wm0ef,laqmif&Gufcsuf' eDvrfxkdif&lcs,fAef trSwfw&a[majymykd@cscsuf/ EkdifiHwum wkdif;&if;om;avhvma&;Xme/ ukdvrfbkd/ 2007
ckESpf Zlvkdifv 29 &uf
4 http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N05/487/60/PDF/N0548760.pdf?OpenElement5 a&mbwWmukd[ef. ‘vlom;qkdif&mta&;}uD;r_rsm;u tcsKyftjcmtm%mykdifqkdifr_tm; ajymif;vnf;aponf'/
EkdifiHwumqufqHa&;Xme. taemufajrmuf*sme,f/ 2008 ckESpf aqmif;&moD/ pmrsufESm-6
jrefrmEkdifiHtaejzifh EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;tzGJ@ (etz) ESifh
wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pktajccH vufeufukdifqef@usifa&;tzGJ@rsm;t=um;
jzpfyGm;aeonfh rkdif;ppfyGJ.'%fukd q,fpkESpfESpfckt=um cHpm;ae=u&ayonf?
EkdifiHtwGif;vlom;jcif;pmemr_jzifh rkdif;av#mhcsa&;pDrHcsufrsm;vnf;r&Sday?
rkdif;rsm;tvGef@tu|H jynfhESufaeonfh jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; jynfe,frsm;wGif
jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfESifh 'kQonf rsm;jzpfay:&me,fajrrsm;jzpfaeonfrSm
tqef;r[kwfay?
tpkd;&wyfrsm;ESifh wkdif;&if;om;vufeufukdiftkyfpk rsm;axmifxm;onfh
vlowfrkdif;wkd@u &efolppfonfwkd@ukdomru rdrdwyfom;rsm;/ jynfolvlxkESifh
wd&dp>mefwkd@ukdyg xdckduf'%f&m&apjcif;ESifh owfjzwfjcif;wkd@jzpfyGm;aeayonf?
rkdif;&Sdonfhae&mrsm;wGif a&Smif&Sm;Edkifap&ef pepfwustrSwftom;ðyvkyfxm;
jcif;r&Sday? jynfolwkd@ oGm;vmvSKyf&Sm;aeonfhae&mrsm;ESifheD;uyfonfh
ae&mrsm;wGif rkdif;rsm;ukdaxmifxm;=uonf? &Gmtvnfykdif;a'orsm;rS
uDvkdrDwm0uftuGmtwGif xdckdufrSKrsm; pGmjzpfyGm;avh&Sdonf? ppfonfwkd@u
‚wkd@taeESifh rkdif;axmifxm;onfhae&mteD; aexkdif=uonfhjynfolwkd@tm; ‘E_
wfjzifhowday;onf’ [kqkdaomfvnf; EkdifiHwumajrjrKyfrdkif;zsufodrf;a&;vSkKyf
&Sm;rSkKtzGJ@}uD;. rkdif; xdckduf&mrStouf&SifvGwfajrmufolrsm;ESifhðyvkyfcJhonfh
rnfonfhE_wfar;tifwmAsL;ur# E_wfjzifhowday;jcif;rsm;ukd ajymjycJhonfr&Sdacs?
jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm; okd@r[kwf 'kQonfrsm; tjyefc&D;acsmarG@
apa&;twGuf ajrykHn$ef;ay;jcif;/ rkdif;axmifxm;onfha'orsm;tm; trSwf
tom;ðyvkyfjcif;ESifh jyefvmrnfholrsm;tm; ynmay;jcif;ESifh tjyefc&D;v_yf
&Sm;r_rsm;tm; xdrf;odrf;n$efjyjcif;wkd@twGuf vkyfief;tawmfrsm;rsm;tm;
vkyfaqmif&efvkdtyfcsuf &Sdaeayao;onf? trSefrSm xkdaxmifaygif;rsm;pGm
(okd@r[kwfygu axmifaygif;rsm;pGmrS &mESifhcsDonfh) aom
jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;wkd@onf ‚wkd@twGuf vkHðcHpdwfcs&onfhajrESifh
‚wkd@b0rsm;tm;jyefvnfxlaxmif&eftwGuf jyef&efoifhav#mfonf[k
,lqonfhtcsdefwGif jyef=urnfjzpfonf? rnfonfhtzG@Jtpnf;ur# ‚wkd@tm;
wm;qD;I &aumif;rnfr[kwfay?
vlom;jcif;pmemonfhtaxmuftyHhay;ae=uonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u
ppfonfrsm;/ EkdifiHwGif;rkdif;&Sdonfh e,fajrrsm;wGifA[kokw &Sdonfhjynfolvlxktm;
oifwef;ay;I rkdif;opf rsm;tokH;ðyjcif;tm;w&m;0if qkdif;iHhxm;jcif;ESifh
rkdif;a'otm;vkH;tm; &Sif;vif;onfh owday;trSwftom;xm;&Sdr_vkyfaqmifa&;
wdk@tm;,ckyif wkdufwGef;&rnfjzpfonf? ‚onf tumtuG,fay;jcif;ESifh
*&kxm;r_ wkd;jrifhvmjcif;tusKd;ESpfckpvkH;&&SdrnfjzpfI xdckduf'%f&m&r_
jzpfEdkifajcteJqkH;taetxm; {uefrvGJjzpfvmayrnf?
a,&Sk0g;rdkqmjyGefqk0rf;([email protected])onfEkdifiHwumajrjrKyfrkdif;zsufodrf;
a&;vSKyf&Sm;r_tzGJ@}uD;.ajrjrKyfrkdif;apmifh=unfhppfaq;a&;tzGJ@
(www.icbl.org/lm) okawoeynm&SifESifh t,f'Dwmjzpfonf?
jrefrmhajrjrKyfrkdif;tpD&ifcHpmtm; http://www.icbl.org/lm/2007/burma.html wGifawG@Edkifygonf?
xGufajy;&jcif;ta=umif;&if;ESifh
jyefvrf;c&D;twm;tqD;jzpfonfh ajrjrKyfrdkif;rsm; a,&Sk0g;rkdqm-jyGefqk0rf;
10 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
2005 ckESpf EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;oma&;aumifpD (etz) rS tm%mtajcðyr_udk
aejynfawmfokd@a&$@ajymif;cJhonfhtcsdefxd / 1958 rS 1960 ckESpfrsm;twGif;
jrefrmEkdifiH. t}uD;qkH; òrd@awmfjzpfcJhonfh &efukefòrd@tm; AkdvfcsKyfae0if;.
tdrfapmifhtpkd;&u (w&m;0ifa&G;aumufwifajrSmufcH&onfh ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tpm;)
jrefrmhvufeufukdifwyfrsm;. wm0ef,ltkyfcsKyfr_atmufwGif xm;&SdapcJhonf?
tpkd;&u &efukefteD;wGif òrd@e,f 3 ck wnfaxmifcJhI òrd@aevlxkwpfoef;.
ajcmufykHwpfykHjzpfonfh vlOD;a& 167000 wkd@rSm ‚wkd@. qrygyJajymif;a&$@
ae&mcsxm;r_cHcJh=u&onf?1 te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS axmifaomif;csDIxGufajy;vmonfh
qlyltkHºuGolrsm;onf òrd@awmfwGif usL;ausmfaexkdifolrsm;jzpfI vlxkusef;rma&;ESifh
+idrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;aqmif&Gufa&;twGuf pkd;&drfzG,f&m
+cdrf;ajcmufr_wpfckjzpfvmjcif;a=umifh vkdtyfcsufwpfcktaejzifh Tokd@
vkyfaqmif&jcif;jzpfonf[k tpkd;&u qifajcay;cJhonf? tdrfa[mif;rsm;qkH;&_H;&onfh
tay:tvGefra=ureyfjzpfae=uonfh òrd@opfrsm;wGifaexkdifolrsm;u 1988 ckESpf.
aEG&moD'Drkdua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_wGif ae0if;ppftkyfpktm; tvkH;t&if;tiftm;jyI qef@
usifcJh=uonf?
xkd 1988 ck aEG&moD qjyawmif;qkdr_rsm;tm; wkef@jyefonfhtaejzifh
EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u (e0w/ 1997 wGif
etz[ktrnfajymif;cJh) tm%modrf;cJhonf? wpfESpftwGif; twif;t=uyf
jyefvnfae&mcsxm;jcif;cH&olrsm; / vlOD;a& oef;wpf0ufeD;yg;ESifh òrd@opf
10 òrd@tm;wnfaxmifcJhonf? vltrsm;tjym;rSm usL;ausmfaexkdifolrsm;
jzpfaomfvnf; tjcm;olrsm;rSm tdrfykdif,mykdif&SdI 1988 ckESpf vlxkqjyyGJrsm;tm;
wufºuGpGmaxmufcHcJhonfh e0w. tjypfay;cH&olrsm;jzpf=uonf? xkdolwkd@rSm
tdrf,ma[mif;rsm;qkH;&_H;&kHr#ru tpGeftzsm;ae&mrsm;wGif tdrfopfaqmufvkyf&ef
ajrESifhtdrfopfrsm;aqmufvkyfa&;twGuf vkdtyfonfhypPnfrsm; twif;t=uyf
aiGawmif;cHjcif;cH=u&onf? xkdae&mrsm;onf v#yfppftvkHtavmufr&Sdjcif;/
a&tvkHtavmufr&Sdjcif;tjyif tjcm;tqifajyr_rsm;rSmvnf;enf;yg;onfh
a'ojzpfonf? xkdòrd@opfrsm;wGif tvkyftukdif&&Sda&;tcGifhta&;teJ
i,fom&Sd+yD; &efukefòrd@tcsuftjcmae&mrsm;&Sd omrefpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;vkyf
ukdif&efvkdvm;=uonfh ajymif;a&$@cH&onfhjynfolrsm;taeESifh c&D;a0;vGef;I
oGm;vma&;tukeftusrsm;onfh tajctaejzpfaponf? 2
,ae@tcg a&$@ajymif;tajccsaexkdifolrsm;onf 0g;ESifhoufu,fjzifhaqmufxm;onfh
omreftdrfrsm;wGif twlwuG ¹yGwfodyfaexkdif&I &efukef.qif;&Jwumhtqif;&JqkH;
taetxm;wGif&Sdae=uonf? 2007 ckESpf =o*kwfvwGifjzpfyGm;cJhonfh
avmifpmqDaps;rsm;jrifhwufr_u ‚wkd@tm; tjyif;xefqkH;xkd;ESufcJh+yD;
pm;aomufukefaps;E_ef;ESifh vlxko,f,lykd@aqmifa&;pm;&dwfrsm;
rkd;xdatmifjrifhwufvmonfrSpI aemufvwGif EkdifiHw0Srf; tpkd;&qef@usifa&;qjy
v_yf&Sm;r_rsm; jzpfay:vmap&ef tpòyd;cJhonf? ‘wJrSwkdufcef;rsm;qDokd@’ [lonfh‚.
tpDtpOft& usL;ausmfaexkdifolrsm;pGmtm; txyfrsm;pGmygonfhtdrf,m okd@r[kwf
‚wkd@.,cifaetdrfrsm;teD;ae&mrsm;wGif ae&mcsxm;a&;vkyfaqmifay;rnf[k
qkdcJhonf? okd@aomfvnf; ,ae@tcg &efukef/ rœav;ESifh tjcm;òrd@}uD;rsm;wGif
twif;t"Raetdrfrsm;rSajymif;a&$@aer_rsm; qufvufvkyfaqmifaeqJjzpfonf?
Oyrm - rD;avmifonf@ae&mwGifaexkdif=uolrsm;tm; ae&ma[mif;wGif
jyefvnfaqmufvkyfcGifhrðyawmhbJ xkdae&yfrsm;ukd&Sif;vif;I vrf;opfrsm;azmufjcif;/
wkdufcef;rsm;ESifh ukefwkdufrsm;jyefvnfwnfaqmufcJhonf? jrefrmEkdifiHwGif
rnfonfhwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rqkd ‚wkd@. EkdifiHom;qkdif&m ajr,mykdifqkdifr_
tcGifhta&;tm;vkH; rsufuG,fðyxm;jcif;cHae=u&ayonf?
a':e,f qDuifpf ([email protected]) onf *syefEkdifiH
tkduDem0gjynfe,f/ em*kdòrd@&Sd rD,kdwuUokdvf /EkdifiHwumavhvma&;aumvdyf
ta&S@awmiftm&Savhvma&;Xme ygarmuQjzpfonf?
1 Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (COHRE), Burma: displacement and Dispossession, Forced Migration and Land Rights. November 2007, pp95-98.2 ‘Interviews in Satellite Villages', Dawn News Bulletin, Vol.2, no 14 (July 1990), pp3-9.
jrefrmhòrd‹awmfa[mif;rSt"Rajymif;a&$‹apckdif;jcif; a':e,f trf qDuifpf
&efukefòrd@vlxktaeESifh ppftkyfcsKyfa&;. EkdifxufpD;eif;ðyjcif;atmufwGif
tvkH;t&if;jzifh ae&yfrSajymif;a&$@aexkdifapjcif;rsm;tm; =uHKawG@ae=u&onf?
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif tkyfpkd;olrsm;taeESifh wkdif;jynftm; Zkefe,fajrokH;ckcGJxm;onf?
tjzLa&mife,fajr - ‚wkd@vkH;0xdrf;csKyfxm;onfhe,fajrrsm;/ tndKa&mife,fajr -‚wdk@
xdrf;csKyfr_atmufa&mufa&; v_yf&Sm;vkyfaqmifaeonfhe,fajrrsm;ESifh
trJa&mife,fajr - ‚wkd@xdrf;csKyfr_atmufwGifr&Sdonfh e,fajrwkd@jzpf=uonf?
trJa&mife,fajrtm; ‘vGwfvyfpGmypfcwfEkdifonfh’Zkefrsm;tjzpfowfrSwfxm;I
jrefrmhwyfrawmftaeESifh jzwfoef;oGm;vm&m wav#mufawG@&onfh rnfolukdrqkd
owfjzwfE_difonf? Taqmif;yg;wGif azmfjyrnfhe,fajrrSm trJa&mife,fajr jzpfonf?
Oyrm - jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;wGifwnf&Sdonfh u&ifESifh u&ifeD (u,m;)
jynfe,frsm;&Sd awmfvSefa&;orm;rsm; v_yf&Sm;aeonfh aus;&GmESifh a'orsm;/
jrefrmhwyfrawmfu ppfajy;'kQonfrsm; ykef;atmif;aexkdifEdkifonfhe,f ajra'owGif
&Sif;vif;ppfqifa&;udPrsm;tm; wyf&if;av;cktxd csxm;I ykHrSefvkyfaqmifv#uf&Sdonf?
ppfom;rsm;u armfwmpdefajymif;rsm;(mortar)/ pufaoewfrsm;ESifh&Gmtm;
pwifypfcwf+yD;aemuf &GmxJ0ifI jynfolwkd@tm;aESmifh,Sufjcif;/ tdrfrsm;&SdypPnf;t
okH;taqmifrsm;tm; vk,ljcif;/ &kdufESufjcif;/ rk'def;usifhjcif;ESifh nSOf;yrf;ESdyfpufjcif;wkd@
ukd tqiftjcifrJhðyum &Hzef&Hcg tdrfrsm;ESifh w&GmvkH;rD;wkdufjcif;rsm;ukd
vkyfaqmif=uonf? xkd@aemuf ajr¹r_yfrkdif;rsm;tm; &GmwGif;ESifh &Gmom;awG tokH;ðyonfh
&GmwGif;&Gmjyifvrf;rsm; wGifaxmifxm;=uonf? &Gmom;wpfOD;ukdawG@ygu xkdolonf
jrifjrifcsif;ypfowfcH&onf?
xkde,fajr&Sif;vif;a&;rsm;wGif awmfvSefa&;orm;rsm;u vlxktm;tumtuG,fay;
&efóud;pm;=uonf? xdawG@wkdufyGJjzpfr_onf rdepftenf;i,fom=umrnfjzpfaomf
vnf; ppfom;rsm;a&muf&Sdrvmcif vlxktm; ‚wkd@ykdifqkdifonfhypPnf;tcsKd@ESifhtwl
awmwGif;okd@xGufajy;wdrf;a&SmifE_dif&ef wkdufyGJtcsdefqGJI vkyfaqmif=uavh&Sdonf?
wkdufckdufr_cH&jcif;jzifh &Gmom;wkd@onf awmwGif;okd@xGufajy;I jzpfE_difygu
ykef;atmif;&efae&mjyif=u&onf? ‚wkd@taeESifh o,f,lE_difonfhwEkdifpmESifhtwl
xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smif&onf? (Ekd@pkd@uav;i,frsm;/ tokH;taqmify&dabm*tcsKd@/
rdom;pkwpfckvkH;twGuf apmifwpfxnfESpfxnf/ yvwfpwpftcif;tcsKd@ESifh
&uftenf;i,ftwGif; pm;okH;&ef qeftcsKd@wkd@jzpfonf?) ppfwyfrsm;pcef;okd@
jyefoGm;onfESifh &Gmom;wkd@onf ‚[email protected],f,mrsm;teD;ESifh &Gmrsm;okd@ jyefvnf
oGm;a&muf&ef tm;xkwf=uonf? 2006 ckESpazazmf0g&DvwGifðyvkyfcJhonfh xkd;ppfwGif
a&S@wef;ppfrsufESmrsm;pGmwGif ppfom;trsm;tjym;vma&mufwkdufckdufcJh=uonf?
xkd;ESufrlatmufub0vrf; a';Apf ,lbef@cf
jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@zsm;&Sd yËdyQZkeftwGif; jzpfysufr_trsm;pktm; "gwfykHrsm;/
AGD'D,kd/ tpD&ifcHpmrsm;ESifh vufqkwfvufukdifjyE_dif&ef cufcJonf?
‚rSm rD;ukef,rf;ukefusJI vlxktm;wkdufckdufjcif;xuf wjznf;jznf;
rodrompdrfh0ifv_dufpm;onfh vlxktay:ESdyfuGyfjcif;ykHpHwpfckyifjzpfonf?
FMR 30 11armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
awmfvSefa&;acgif;aqmifwpfOD;uajymjycJhonfrSm/
“vGefcJhwJhvtenf;i,fu jrefrmhwyfrawmftaeeJ@
xkd;ppfrsm;pGmvkyfcJhwJhtwGuf ykef;atmif;aexkdifwJhhae
&mtawmfrsm;rsm; tpD;eif;cHcJh&w,f? ,cktcsdefrSm
wyfrawmftaeESifh olwkd@&Jhpcef;opfawG aqmufvkyfa&;eJ@
tvkyfrsm;aewJhtwGuf awmfao;w,f? 'gayr,fh
tJ'Dpcef;awG+yD;wJhtcg olwkd@jyefvmOD;rSmbJ?
tJ'gu|efawmfwkd@tm;vkH;twGuf tvGefqkd;&Gm;wJh
xkd;ppfjzpf+yD; b,fvkdtpDtpOfvkyf&r,f rodao;bl;?
'gayr,fh u|efawmfwkd@ u|efawmfwkd@tdrfawGukd
csefrxm;cJh&bkd@ óud;pm;&rSmbJ”//
wyfrawmf. ajrjyifqufoG,fa&;vrf;a=umif;
rsm;tm; &Sif;vif;acsmarG@apa&;twGuf
,laqmifvmonfh bl'kdZmrsm;ygwf0ef;usifwGif
vlom;'kdif;rsm;ozG,ftokH;ðyum ajr¹r_yfrkdif;
&Sif;vif;a&;vkyfaqmif&ef&Gmom;rsm;tm;
twif;tusyfckdif;apcHcJh&onf? t"Rvkyftm;ay;qkdonfrSm
jzpf&kd;jzpfpOfjzpfI &Gmom;rsm;pGmtm;
&ufpufpGmqufqHa&;ESifh uGyfjrufjcif;qkdonfrSm
jzpfcJonfhudPr[kwfa=umif;jyo&ef &nf&G,fI
twif;tusyfay:wmrsm;tjzpf ckdif;apvkyfukdifaponf?
xkdtwkdufckdufcH&onfh&Gmom;tcsKd@onf rlvt&yfa'orsm;okd@jyefoGm;I ‚wkd@.
aetdrfrsm;tm; jyefvnfaqmufvkyf=uonf? trsm;pkrSm qufvufajy;v$m;ykef;
a&Smifaexkdifjcif; okd@r[kwf EkdifiHtwGif;rSxGufajy;jcif; =uHpnfvkyfaqmif=uonf?
tcsKd@u vlaetdrfajcESifha0;uGmI qufpyf&efcufcJJonfht&yfrsm;wGif
pcef;wnfaxmifI &Sdor#ESifh jcpfðcwf&yfwnf=u&onf? Oyrm -u&ifjynfe,f
taemufajrmufjcrf;&Sd armfwl'g&Gmukd 2004 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhwyfrawmfu
rD;&_d@jymcscJhonf? xkdtcsdefrSpIaemufykdif; &Gmom;rsm;taeESifh awmxJwGif
awmufav#mufykef;atmif;ae=u&onf? ‚wkd@taeESifh oGm;vma&;cufcJ
ap&efwrifxm;&Sdonfh awmvrf;i,fteD; opfyifaygif;yifrsm;jzifh ydwfqkd@
aeonfhae&mwGif ykef;atmif;aexkdif&ef wJrsm;tm; jzpfovkdaqmufvkyf=uonf?
‚wkd@wGif tpptqufjywfaeonfhtwGuf vkHðcHa&;ykHpHtcsKd@xm;&Sdonfhtjyif
a'ocHawmfvSefa&;orm;rsm;. tultnD (trsm;tm;jzifh ppfwyf.v_yf&Sm;r_
rsm;tay: óudwifowday;jcif;) &&Sdonf? okd@aomf pm;eyf&dQm xkwfvkyfr_u
xkd;usoGm;onfhtwGuf t0wftpm;/ apmif/ rD;zkdacsmiftokH;taqmifrsm;
ESifh v,f,mokH; u&d,mrsm; 0,f,l&ef aiGtenf;i,fom&Sd=uonf?
pm;p&mtenf;tusOf;om&Sdjcif;/ tumtuG,fuif;rJhjcif;ESifh rvkHavmufonfh
a&ukdr#wokH;pGJ&jcif;wkd@a=umifh usef;rma&;qkd;&Gm;onfh'%f ukdvnf;
ododomomcH=u&onf? teD;ywf0ef;usifwGif aq;cef;r&Sdonfhtjyif
wyfrawmfvSnfhuif;rsm;u ykHrSef0ifa&muf&SmazGonfhtwGuf aq;0g;tzGJ@wkd@
vnf;oGm;a&muf&ef cufcJonf? jrefrmjynfvGwfajrmufa&;&def;*sm;tzGJ@
Free Burma Rangers ESifh u&ifvltcGifhta&;tzGJ@ Karen Human Rights Group wkd@ESpfzGJ@pvkH;ESifh ausmykd;tdyfusef;rma&;vkyf
om;rsm;toif; Back Pack Health Worker Team wkd@u jrefrmhwyfrawmf.
zdESdyfa&;aqmif&Gufr_rsm;ESifh vlxk.qkd;&Gm;onfhusef;rma&;wkd@ wkduf&kdufygwfoufr_
tm; us,fjyef@pGm rSwfwrf;wifvkyfaqmifae=uonf? Tvkyfaqmifr_onf
awmfvSefa&;tkyfpkrsm; (owif;/ qufoG,fa&;/ o,f,lykd@aqmifa&;/ axmufyhHykd@
aqmifa&;ESifh vkHðcHa&;taxmuftyHhay;aeonfh) óud;yrf;r_wpfckwnf;rSwqifh
vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;r_jzifhay;tyfonfhtultnDwkd@onf xkdxkd;ESufwkdufckdufr_
cH&olrsm;xHa&muf&SdE_difjcif;jzpfonf?
‚xkd;ppfwGif u&ifjynfe,fajrmufykdif; c&kdifokH;ck&Sd &Gmom; 3&0 ausmfaoqkH;I
okH;aomif;ausmf ppfajy;'kQonfb0a&mufcJhonf? xkdppfajy;'kQonfrsm;pGmwkd@
onf ,cktcgykef;atmif;aexkdif=u&onf? jrefrmhwyfrawmf pcef;opf 60
ausmfESifh vrf;opf 3 ck wkd@tm; wnfaqmufazmufvkyfcJh=uonf? wwdwdESifhyif/
okd@aomf tawmrowfonfh xkd;ESufwkdufckdufr_rsm;jzpfI pcef;opfrsm;ESifh
vrf;rsm;aqmufvkyfjcif;onf ‚wkd@}uD;pkd;a&;ESifh a'owGif;&Sdu&ifwkdif;&if;om;
rsm;tm; &SmazGajcr_ef;a&; pDrHudef;wpfck ðyvkyfaeykHay:onf? 1997 ckESpfrSpI
u&ifqef@usifa&;twGufðyvkyfcJhonfh Txkd;ppfonf tjyif;xefqkH;jzpfonf?
tdrf,mpGef@cGmxGufajy;&olESifh zsufqD;r_ tvGefrsm;jym;}uD;rm;I taotaysmufESifh
tpm;xkd;r&onfh qkH;&_H;r_rsm; twkdif;twmjrifhrm;vSonf?
tpma&pmxkwfvkyfr_tm;aESmuf,Sufjcif;/ tdrfrsm;tm;rD;&_d@jcif;ESifh
jrefrmhwyfrawmf. jrif&mypftrdef@rsm;u axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom u&ifxktm;
‚wkd@arG;zGm;}uD;jyif;&majrwGif ckcHumuG,f&ef rpGrf;E_difonfhtajctaejzifh
aexkdif&onfhb0okd@a&mufaponf? vlokH;aomif;xufykdI ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfcH&onfh
'kQonfjzpfvm=uI vl 7000 ausmfwkd@rSm tdrfypf,mypfESifh xkdif;EkdifiHe,fpyfokd@
xGufcGmcJh=u&onf? TvlxktaeESifh tpm;taomuf/ aq;0g;/ ckdv_H&mESifh ‚wkd@
tdrfrsm;/ ausmif;rsm;ESifh b0rsm;tm; jyefvnfaqmuf&ef tultnDvkdtyfonf? ‚wkd@
taeESifh ta&;ay:umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ESifh vGwfvyfpGm ‚wkd@tdrfrsm;okd@ jyefoGm;E_dif
&efvnf; vkdtyfaeayonf?
a';Apf ,lbef@cf ([email protected]; [email protected]) onf jrefrmEkdifiH. yËdyQe,fajrrsm;wGif ta&;ay:tultnDay;tyfjcif;ESifh vl@
tcGifhta&;rSwfwrf;rsm; azmfxkwfr_rsm;vkyfaqmifaeonfh jrefrmjynfvGwfajrmufa&;
&def;*sm;rsm;tzGJ@. n$ef=um;a&;rSL;jzpfonf? (www.freeburmarangers.org)
1 www.khrg.org2 www.geocities.com/maesothtml/bphwt/3 ae&yfrStwif;t"Ra&$@ajymif;cH&jcif;pmapmif trSwf (28)wGif [,foma&;om;xm;onfh ‘jrefrmjynfta&S@zsm;&Sd
jynfwGif;ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfr_’ aqmif;yg; www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR28/25.pdf ESifh ausmykd;tdyfusef;r
ma&;vkyfom;rsm;toif;. ‘emwm&Snf ta&;ay: - jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;&Sd usef;rma&;ESifh vl@tcGifhta&;’ 2006 tpD&ifcHpm www.geocities.com/maesothtml/bphwt wGif awG@E_difonf?
jrefrmh
wyfrawmf.
twif;t=uyf
ckdif;apjcif;a=umifh
ypPnf;rsm;
o,fae=u
&onfh
&Gmom;rsm;
2007 ckESpf/
ZGefv
Free
Bur
ma
Rang
ers
,ckppfajy;'kQonfjzpfaeonfh u&ifeDtrsKd;om; apmElEl -
u|efawmfwkd@ tem;ywf0ef;usifuaus;&Gmq,fckpk+yD; qkawmif;yGJvkyfwJhtcsdef
jrefrmppfwyf ay:vm+yD; u|efawmfwkd@xJu wpfcsKd@ukdzrf;w,f? u|efawmfwkd@
ukdóud;wkwfxm;+yD; &kdufESufxkd;}udwfwmawGvkyfw,f? aemuf+yD;awmh
u|efawmfwkd@&Jhukd,fukd usOfpufeJ@wkd@w,f? u|efawmholi,fcsif; apmuG,ftowfcH&w,f?
u|efawmfxGufajy;bkd@=uHw,f? jrefrmppfwyfu u|efawmfwkd@ukd olykefawGvkd@pGyfpGJw,f
'g ayr,fh u|efawmfwkd@rS olykefr[kwfwm? u|efawmfwkd@uv,form;awG? u|efawmfwkd@
tck 'DrSmaevkd@rjzpfE_difawmhbl; tJ'Dawmh 'kQonfpcef;wpfckckukdoGm;r,f?
u&ifeDoif;tkyfq&m -
bmjzpfvkd@jrefrmppfwyfu u|efawmfwkd@&GmawGukd vm+yD;rD;&_d@&wmvJ?
u|efawmfwkd@u olwkd@&GmawGukdrD;&_d@wm rvkyfbl;? bmjzpfvkd@olwkd@ u|efawmfwkd@
ukd 'kQay;jcif&wmvJ? u|efawmfwkd@u u|efawmfwkd@&Jh v,f,mawGukd vkdcsifw,f/
ukd,fhtvkyfukd,fvkyfukdifpm;r,f/ aemuf +idrf;+idrf;csrf;csrf;aecsifw,f
'gavmufygbJ? u|efawmfwkd@&Jh awmifay:b0ue*kdxJucufcJ+yD;om;? bmjzpfvkd@
olwkd@u ykd+yD;cufoxufcufatmif vkyfcsif=uwmvJrodbl;?
12 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
apmfum;aESmuf,Sufr_rsm;tm; u&ifjynfe,fwpfav#muf EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om
,ma&;ESifhzGH@òzd;a&;aumifpD (etz). 'kQay;a&;tm;ay;onfhv_yf&Sm;r_taeESifh
usL;vGefcJh=ujcif;jzpfonf? xkdtpD&ifcHcsufwkd@rSm txl;ojzifh trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh
rdef;uav;rsm;. vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufcHcJh&onfh r_cif;udP av;axmifausmftm;
t"duxm;I wifjyxm;onf? txl;ojzifh rk'def;usifhjcif;/ vdifykdif;qkdif&mapmfum;
aESmuf,Sufjcif;ESifh t"Rvkyftm;ay;apckdif;jcif;wkd@jzpfonf? t"Rvkyftm;ay;ckdif;apjcif;wpfck
wnf;wGifyif r=umc% rk'def;usifhjcif;/ &kdufESufjcif;/ ukd,fvuft*FgzsufqD;jcif;/ ESdyfpufjcif;/
owfjzwfjcif;ESifh tpma&pm/ t&dyftm0goESifh rw&m;r_tm; w&m;0ifjzpfapjcif;wkd@uJhokd@
tjcm;vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm;ESifh aygif;qkHusL;vGefjcif;cH=u&onf? xkdr_cif;rsm;u 1981
rS 2006 ckESpftxd 25 ESpftwGif;jzpfyGm;r_rsm;tm; ðcHikHwifjyxm;jcif;jzpfaomfvnf; ,ae@
tcg vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm; qufvufjzpfyGm;v#uf&Sdonf?
rk'def;r_rk'def;usifhonfhvkyf&yfrsm;ukd &ufpufr_jzifhajcmufvSef@onfhtaeESifh‚/ t&Suf&aponfh
&nf&G,fcsuf. enf;wpfcktjzpf jynfolvlxktay: qufvuftokH;ðyv#uf&Sdonf?
rk'def;r_rsm;pGmtm; ppfwyftxufykdif;t&m&Sdrsm;ukd,fwkdif okd@r[kwf ‚wkd@. =uH&mygwkd@
jzifh usL;vGefavh&Sdonf? xkdusL;vGefolwkd@u jynfoltrsm;pktaeESifh wkdif=um;r_
ðy&eftvGefa=umufjcif; okd@r[kwf wkdif=um;r_tm; ta&;w,lrvkyfjcif;tm;
odxm;=uonf? tusKd;quftaeESifh u&ifjynfe,fwpfav#mufESifh tjcm;jynfe,frsm;wGif
jzpfyGm;onfh trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm;tm; rk'def;usifhjcif;tm;
etzppfom;rsm;taeESifh qufvufðyvkyfv#uf&Sd+yD; '%fcwfta&;,lcH&jcif;vnf;r&Sday?
r=umrDujzpfyGm;cJhonfh apmfum;r_wpfckwGif ppfom;tkyfpkvkduf rk'def;usifhcHcJh&onfh
toufESpfq,fhig;ESpf&Sd trsKd;orD;u ‘&Gmukd etzppfom;okH;a,mufvmw,f? &Gmol}uD;
ukd u&iftrsKd;orD;wpfa,muf ay;&r,fqkd+yD;awmif;w,f? ol}uD;u rykd@ay;bl;qkd,if
ol}uD;ukdowfypfr,f csdrf;ajcmufw,f? tJ'Dppfom;awGu trsKd;orD;ukdteD;qkH;
ðcHxJac:oGm;+yD; ESpfa,mufu rk'def;usifhapmfum;awmhwmbJ’ [kajymjycJhonf?
trsKd;orD;ESpfOD;u ppfom;wpfOD;.vufwGif ‚wkd@. wkefv_yfajcmufjcm;zG,ftawG@
tóuHtm; atmufygtwkdif;xkwfazmfajymqkdcJhI ,if;ppfom;tm;rnfonfhta&;,lr_ukdr#
vkyfaqmifjcif;r&Sdajc? “ppfom;awGu usrwkd@ukd olwkd@eJ@vkdufcJhbkd@ac:w,f/ aemuf+yD; usr
wkd@b,fukdoGm;aerSef;vnf;rod&bl;? tJ'Daumifu ‘rikdeJ@/ ikd&ifowfypfr,fvkd@ajymw,f’?
awmif=um;twkdif;av#mufvmcJh+yD; olu igwkd@'DrSm&yfr,fvkd@ajymw,f? aemuf u|efrwkd@
t0wfawGukdc|wfckdif;w,f? yxrawmh jiif;aeao;wmaygh aemuf oltoHrmvmawmh
usrwkd@t0wfawGc|wfay;&w,f? ol@aoewfukd ol@ab;em;rSmbJcsxm;w,f?
usrukdt&ifqkH; rw&m;usifhw,f? usroli,fcsif;ukd ol@ab;rSmbJ vSJtdyfckdif;xm;w,f?
usrtvSnfh+yD;awmh usroli,fcsif;ukd rk'def;usifhw,f? aemufr=umcifrSm xyf+yD;usrwkd@
ukd tJ'Dvkdapmfum;jyefw,f?” tjcm;c&kdifwGif trsKd;orD;i,fwpfOD;taeESifh olraetdrfwGif
ppfom;av;OD;wkd@. tkyfpkvkduf rk'def;usifhapmfum;r_tm; cHcJh&onf? olrtm;
om;r,m;ðyusifh+yD;onfhtcg olr. rdef;rt*Fgtm; aoewfESifhypfI owfjzwfcJh=uonf?
rnfonfhta&;,lr_tjypfay;r_r# r&Sday? xkd rSwfwrf;wifxm;onfh tr_rsm;wGif
uav;i,frsm;ESifh Ak'<bmom0if oDv&Siftm; rk'def;usifh apmfum;jcif;rsm;vnf;
yg0ifonf? &Gmol}uD;rsm;taeESifh etz.trdef@rsm;twkdif;rjznfhpnf;ay;E_difygu
tawmrowfonfhapmfum;r_ESifh &ufpuf=urf;usKwfr_wkd@. tœ&m,frSm ‚wkd@
tay: usa&mufaeayonf? rnfokd@yifjzpfap ,cktcg trsKd;om;rsm;vma&mufE_dif
jcif;r&SdonfhtwGuf trsKd;orD;}uD;rsm;u xkdwm0efukd r=umc%,l&onf? ‚wkd@taeESifh
tykdaqmif; tœ&m,ftjzpf ukd,fwkdifrk'def;usifhcH&r_ESifh etzppfom;[email protected]'def;usifhr_cHtm;
ukd,fhukd,fukdumuG,f&efESifh rdom;pkrsm;ESifh tokdif;t0kdif;wkd@tm;umuG,fa=u;tjzpf
ay;aqmifcH&rnfh tajctm; trSefwu,fa&mufae=u&onf?
u&ifjynfe,fw0Srf;&Sd trsKd;orD;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm;taejzifh twif;t"Rpkaqmif;I
vrf;rsm;wHwm;rsm; aqmufvkyfa&;wGif vkyftm;ay;&ef/ ajrðryfrkdif;rsm;&Sif;vif;&ef
ESifh ppftaxmuftulypPnf;rsm;tm; o,faqmif&eftwGuf ckdif;apcH&onf[k
owif;ay;cJh=uonf? ‚wkd@onf a,musFm;rsm;ESifh aumifav;i,frsm;xGufajy;oGm;I
tzrf;cH&rnf/ ESdyfpufcH&rnf odk@r[kwfu towfcH&rnfukdpkd;&drfI awmwGif;wGif
a&Smif &Sm;ykef;atmif;ae=uonfhtcsdefrSpum txl;tœ&m,f&Sdaeayonf? xkdtwif;t"R
pkaqmif;cH=u&onfholrsm;xJwGif tbGm;tkdrsm;/ csnfheJ@onfhtrsKd;orD;rsm;/
ukd,f0efaqmifESifh uav;arG;umprdcifrsm;tjyif 11 ESpforD;t&G,favmufxd
i,f&G,fonfh ausmif;olrsm;yg0ifonf? ay:wmtjzpfac:aqmifoGm;cH&onfh
trsKd;orD;trsm;pkonfvnf; rw&m;ðyusifhcH=u&onf?
“usr ay:wmtaeeJ@ wpfvoGm;vkyfay;&w,f? ae@wkdif; usrwkd@ awmifwufawmifqif;
o,fay;&w,f? usr touf}uD;vkd@ t&rf;ac|;xGuf+yD; toufr&SLE_difjzpfawmh
ppfom;awGu usroGm;wmaES;w,fqkd+yD; aoewfeJ@aqmifhxkd;+yD; oGm;ckdif;w,f?
usrESvkH;awG uGJukef+yDvm;vkd@awmifxifrdw,f?”
t}uHðycsufu&iftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@tpnf;taeESifh EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;tm; atmufygt}uHðy
csufrsm;tm; taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmif&ef wkdufwGef;t=uHðytyfygonf?
etztwGuf -
etztm; txl;ojzifh wkdif;&if;om;wkd@aexkdifonfha'orsm;wGif �trsKd;orD;ESifh rdef;uav;i,frsm;tm; vdifapmfum;r_ESifh tjcm;vl@
tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_ðyvkyfaejcif;ukd &yfwef;rS&yf&ef/
xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;&tm; rk'def;usifhcH&jcif;ESifh vdifapmfum;r_tðycH&olrsm; xkdif;EkdifiHokd@ �xGufajy;a&muf&Sdvmygu vkHavmufonfh usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_ESifh pdwfykdif;qkdif&m
tm;ay;r_pepfrsm; vufcH&&Sdjcif; &Sdr&Sd aojcmpGmaqmif&Guf=uyfrwfay;&ef/
EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;tm; yxrqkH;ckdv_H&mEkdifiHrsm;. vkHðcHr_&Sdonfhckdv_H&mESifh �tcsdefESifhtnD oifhawmfonfh axmufyHhr_wkd@tm; rk'def;usifhvdifapmfum;
cHcJh&onfh trsKd;orD;ESifh rdef;uav;i,frsm;tm; ay;tyf&ef? xkd@tjyif tvGef@
tu|ef tœ&m,frsm;aeonfh 'kQonf trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh rdef;uav;i,frsm;tm; tr_
ta=umif;t&mtm; pDrHcef@cGJr_/ vkHðcHpdwfcs&onfh aep&mtaqmuftOD;wkd@yg0ifonfh
oifhav#mfonhf umuG,fapmifhav#mufr_rsm; ay;tyfjcif; &Sdr&Sd aocsmpGmppfaq;
vkyfaqmifay;&efESifh oifhav#mfrnfqkdygu ukvor~ 'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;=uD;
&kH;. tœ&m,fusa&mufaeonfhtrsKd;orD;rsm;pDrHudef; atmufwGif wwd,EkdifiHokd@
ajymif;a&$@ae&mcsxm;jcif;wkd@tm; axmufyHhaqmif&Gufay;&ef wkd@jzpfonf?
trsKd;orD;tm;vkH;tm; ‚wkd@. oufaocHxGufqkdcsufrsm;tm; cGifhðyay;tyfjcif;/
tcsdefay;jcif;ESifh Taqmif;yg;wGif tokH;ðya&;twGuf tpD&ifcHowif;ay;cJhonfh
cGeftm;pkdufxkwfcJhr_ wkd@tay: u&iftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@tpnf;taeESifh a=u;Zl;wif&Sdygonf?
UNSW 'kQonfokawoeA[kdXmecsKyfrS vif'g bmwkdvkdrkdif/ tkdif;vif;
ypfwma0; ESifh aumvif; bmwkdvkdrkdifwkd@tm; txl;a=u;Zl;wif&Sdyga=umif;?
1949 ckESpfwGif pwifwnfaxmifcJhI tzGJ@0iftrsKd;orD; okH;aomif;ausmf&Sdonfh
u&iftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@tpnf; (www.karenwomen.org) onf
vlxktokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;jzpfI xkdif;e,fpyf&Sd 'kQonfpcef;rsm;ESifh jrefrmjynfwGif;
ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;/ trsKd;orD;rsm; zGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;ESifh axmufyHha&;tultnDrsm;tm;
ay;tyfvkyfaqmifv#uf&Sdonf? u&iftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@tpnf;u trsKd;orD;tcGifhta&;tm;
od&Sdem;vnfap&efESifh tokdif;t0kdif;twGif; vlxkqkH;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh EkdifiHa&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif
trsKd;orD;rsm;yl;aygif;yg0ifapa&;tm;vnf; tm;ay;vkyfaqmifaeayonf?
1 www.karenwomen.org
a=umufrufzG,f&mjynfe,f tœ&,fusa&mufaeonfh
trsKd;orD;rsm;u&iftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@tpnf;
u&iftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@tpnf;. okawoevkyfI ðypkcJhonfh tpD&ifcHcsufESpfck -
2004 ckESpfwGif ‘a=uuGJp&m wdwfqdwfr_’ ESifh 2007 ckESpfwGifxkwfjyefcJhonfh
‘a=umufrufzG,fjynfe,f’ - onf jrefrmtrsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm;wkd@tay:
us,fjyef@onfh vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_tm; rSwfwrf;wifxm;jcif;jzpfonf?
FMR 30 13armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
2007ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv 24&ufae@wGif usa&mufaomukvor~ae@wGif &efukef&Sd
jrefrmEdkifiH&Sdukvor~. a'oqdkif&mvlom;jcif;pmemaxmufxm;a&;wm0efcHu
jzpf&yfwpfck. vufiif;tusdK;&v'fa=umifhedkifiHwumowif;Xmeodk@a&muf&SdoGm;onfh
jrefrmEdkifiHESifhywfoufonfh a=umfjimpmwrf; wpfapmiftm; ukvor~EkdifiHtoif;
udk,fpm; xkwfjyefvdkufonf? ta=umif;t&mrsm;xJrS wpfckrSm-
=o*kwfv 15 &ufae@wGif &kwfw&ufqDaps;jrifhwufr_a=umifh +idrf;csrf;pGmqjyjcif;u
tajccHvdktyfr_udk &&Sda&;twGuf ae hpOf&kef;uefr_ wdkif;jynfY vlom;csif;pmemaxmuf
xm;&efvkdtyfonfh tajctaeqdk;0g;r_udk ta&;w}uD;azmfjy&eftwGuf 4if;qjyr_Y
xifxif&Sm;&Sm; jyovsuf&Sdonf? xdktcsufwkd@onf jrefrmedkifiHtpdk;&tm;txl;*&kjyKa
pvdkaomukvor~ edkifiHtoif;u }udK;pm;v_yf&Sm;vsuf&Sdonfh tcsufyifjzpfonf?
vlxktwGif;ysH hESH honfESifhwjydKifeuf/ Txkwfjyefa=ujimcsufu
tpdk;&todkif;t0dkif;tm; E_d;aqmfr_udk t&SdefjrSifhwifay;vsuf&Sdonf? txl;ojzifh
wdkif;jynftwGif; vma&muf tvkyfvkyfonfh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;/ tpdk;&r[kwfaom
tzGJ htpnf;rsm;taejzifh v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Guf&ef wm0ef&SdedkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;
E_d;aqmfay;cJhonf? uBmhukvor~EdkfifiHtoif;. vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;r_
qdkif&mtajctaeqdk;&Gm;r_. tcdkiftrmxGufqdkcsufudk uef@uGuf&efESifh ‚wdk@.
a=ujimpmtm;vHk;rSm rrSefuefa=umif; jiif;qdk&eftwGuf ekdifiHjcm;a&;0ef
}uD;XmerS pmwrf;wpfapmif csufcsif;xkwfjyefvdkufonf? xdk@tjyif 0ef
}uD;Xmeu uBmhukvor~ Xmaeudk,fpm;vS,ftm; vkyfoifhonfxufausmfvGefI
xkwfjyefa=ujimonf[k pGyfpGJ+yD; aemufqHk;Y jynfaxmifpk jrefrmedkifiHtpdk;&u
‚Xmaeudk,fpm;vS,ftm; jrefrmedkifiHtwGif; qufvuf rxm;&Sdvdka=umif;/ txl;ojzifh
,ckjrefrmedkifiHESifh uBmhukvor~wdk@t=um; tajctaerSm twdrf;tapmif;rcHonfh
tajctaeY&Sdfaeonf[k ta=umif;jycJhonf?
tvGef0rf;enf;p&maumif;onfrSm TuJhodk@ vGefvGefuJuJ wHk@jyefta&;,ljcif;onf
a'oqdkif&m vkyfief;vnfywfjcif;. a&mifjyef[yfr_wpfckjzpfonf? t"dy`g,frSm
}udrfzefrsm;pGmcsKyfjc,fjcif;jzifh ppftpdk;&. ckdifrmaom ,lqcsufoabmxm;.
&v'fESpfckjzpfonf? yxrtcsuftaejzifh uBmhukvor~udk,fpm;vS,fvk
yfief;rsm;ESifh tjynfjynfqdkif&mtpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJ htpnf;rsm;onf
trdEkdifiHtm; qef@usifaomtiftm;}uD;ekdifiHrsm;. vufudkifwkwfjzpfjcif; ESifh
'kwd,tcsufrSm jrefrmekdifiHwGif; rnfonfhae&mrS ppfa&;yËdyQr&Sda=umif;ESifh
edkifiHwumrS yg0ifywfoufavmufatmif jynfwGif;ae&yfrsm;rSa&$@ajymif;aexdkif&r_
,cktcgwGifr&Sdyg[k qdkjcif;jzpfonf?
jrefrmEkdifiH
ta&S@ykdif;&Sd
ppfajy;
'kuQonf
wkd@tm;
aq;0g;
ukojcif;
Free
Bur
ma
Rang
ers
jrefrmedkifiHtwGif;vkkyfief;aqmif&Gufaeaom udk,fpm;vS,fvkyfief;rsm;u
jyif;xefonfhppfqifa&;'%fukd cHae&onfh a'orsm;twGif; twif;t"Ra&GS@
ajymif;jcif;cHae&aom jynfolrsm;tm; ulnD&efjzpfonf? wpfcgwpf&H arsSmfvifhcsuf
a&;a&;om&Sdaomfvnf; vHkavmufonfh vlom; csif;pmemaxmufxm;onhf
vkyfykdifcGifhtm; ta&;ay:vdktyfrjznfhpnf;ay;&ef cufcJpGm }udK;pm;vsuf&Sdonf?
vlom;csif;pmemonfhvkyfykdifcGifhtm;zJhxkwfjcif; *sif;z&efudktdpf 'l;&pf ESifh pDAifcg 'gemzvm
14 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
twGif;vlESifhtjyifvlrsm; xdkodk@aomvdktyfr_pdefac:csufrsm;twGuf vHkavmufpGm vkyfaqmifray;edkifaom
jrefrmedkifiHtwGif; vkyfaqmifaeonfh vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;aom tzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;. vkyfaqmifr_rsm;udk vkyfief;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh xdkif;edkifiHtajcpdkuf
jrefrmtwkduftcHtkyfpk (twkduftcHwkd@tm;axmufyHhonfhtaemufedkifiHrsm;
)rS a0zefoHk;oyfvsuf&Sdonf? ‚[email protected];pD;yGm;twGuf/ xdkif;edkifiHtajcpdkuf
vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;onfh tultnDay;vkyfief; vkyfaqmifolrsm;/ ta&S@
awmifjrefrme,fpyfbufodk@ a&$@ajymif;cJh&aom tm;udk;&mrJhvlrsm;tm; rkcsvdktyfaom
u,fq,fa&;rsm; a0iSvkyfaqmifjcif;/ ppftpdk;&.&ufpufr_ESifh ESdyfpufnSOf;yef;r_
cHae&aom 'kQonfrsm;.udk,fpm; ta&;}uD;aomu¾Y ordkif;aemufcHusus
axmufcHay;jcif;wdk@jzpfonf? uBmhtm&Hkpdkufvmp&mtcsufrsm;um; ‚wdk@t&JpGef@I
e,fpyfjzwfausmfjcif;/ 'kQonfrsm;&Sdaejcif;. oufaocHcsufrsm; ta&S@
awmifa'owGif jynfwGif;a&GS@ajymif;aexdkif&olrsm;tm; rSwfwrf;jyKcJhjcif; wdk@a=umifh
jzpfonf? pdwfraumif;p&mtaeESifh pGyfpGJcHae&onfhudk,fpm;vS,frsm; tvm;wl
*k%foduQmqHk;&_H;jcif;ESifh jrefrmjynftwGif; vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;aom
OD;wnfcsufrsm;tay: wpfjcm;enf;vrf;ESifh twif;tusyf vkyfaqmifae&jcif;
yifjzpfonf?
odk@wdkifatmif 2003ckESpf ESpfukefydkif;wGif rdSefaeaomtvif;a&mifonf
vif;vufpjyKvmonfh um;csyfjzpfvmcJhonf? 0ef}uD;csKyf AdkfvfcsKyf}uD;cifnGef@.
ac:,lawG@qHkr_onf xl;jcm;aom ta&;}uD;onfh tajymif;tvnf;w&yfudk
azmfaqmifcJhonf? e,fpyfa'owGif; +idrfoufat;csrf;apr_omru edkifiHwumtxd
&if;ESD;onfhtrlt&may:vGifaponfh qtm;jzifh 0ef;}uD;csKyfonf ta&S@
bufESifh ta&S@awmifa'orsm;wGif vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;r_ESifh
a'owGif;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufr_vkyfief;rsm;udk edkifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm;
tultnDay;r_rsm;aqmif&Guf&ef vrf;zGifhay;cJhonf? xdk@a=umifh 2004ckESpf wGif
uBmhukvor~rS jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;tm; ulnD&eftwGuf tcGifhtcg&&SdcJhayonf?
tpdk;&tm%m&Sdolrsm;taejzifh jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonftjzpf oHk;E_H;ac:a0:rnfh tpm;
trdajrodk@jyefvmolrsm;[k owdjyKac:a0:cJh=uonf?
jzwfawmufjcif;2004ESpfukefydkif;ESifh 2005ESpfOD;ydkif;tcsdefwGif ‚tajctaeaumif;onfhtaetxm
;rsm;rSm rar#mfvifhbJ &kwfw&uf ukefqHk;cJhonf? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf 2004ckESpf
atmufwdkbmvwGif AdkvfcsKyf}uD;cifnGefhtm; tm%mrSz,f&Sm;vdkufjcif;ESifh
axmifoGif;tusOf;csvkdufr_a=umifh tkyfcsKyfa&;pepf pwifv_yf&rf;vmum
pdwf"gwfcdkifrmpGmjzifh rlvtajctaeodk@‚/ ekdifiHwum todkif;t0ef;rS
tm%m&Sdolrsm;ESifh 'kQa&mufaeonfhjynfolrsm;=um; vlom;csif;pmemaom
tjyeftvSefajymqdkr_. &if;ESD;r_vrf;rsm;tm; ydwfyifvdkuf=uonf?
Todk@jzifh 2005ck arvtukefwGif jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;topfu
vlom;csif;pmemaomtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh qufqHa&;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfvmonf? 'kQ
onfrsm;qdkif&mukvor~r[mrif;=uD;&Hk;rS ta&S@awmifbufodk@ vkyfief;rsm; tus,f
w0ifhvkyfaqmif&eftcGifhta&;udk jiif;y,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? tjynfjynfqdkif&m=uufajceD
aumfrwDrSvnf; ‚[email protected],fpyfa'otwGif; v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_onf w&m;0ifxif
ay:jcif;r&Sdaoma=umifh ‚wdk@rS aocsmpGmppfaq;&ef ta=umif;=um;jcif;cHcJh&onf?
(qdkvdkonfrSm E_wf*wdjzifhom&Sdjcif;)? odk@jzpfI acwfopf.aqmifyk'frSm &Sif;vif;pGmjzifh
rouFmzG,f&m jzpfcJh&onf?
tpdk;&taejzifh ‚[email protected]"avhxHk;wrf;t& em;vnfxm;onfhtwdkif;
usef;rma&;0ef}uD;XmerS owday;jcif;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifcJhonf?
pD;yGm;a&;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufr_ESihf trsdK;om;pDrHudef;0ef}uD;u
edkifiHwumudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tay: rdrd.tm%m jyefvnfcdkifrm&eftwGuf
‚tcGifhta&;udk Oya't&odrf;,lcJhonf? xdkjzpfpOfonf 2006ckESpf/
azazmf0g&DvwGif tjiif;yGm;aponfh vrf;nGefr_rsm;a=umifhjzpfonf? wHk@
jyefcsuftaeESifhh ukvor~EdkifiHtoif;rSvnf; vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;aom
tultnDrsm;ay;urf;axmufyhH&eftwGuf vrf;nGefr_Oa'o wpfpHkudk 0ef}uD;ESifh
tjcm;vkyfazmfukdifbufrsm;odk@ wifjycJhonf? ‚rSm jrefrmedkifiHwGif r&Sdrjzpf vkdtyfr_
tajctaetay: ukvor~OD;wnfcsufrsm;ESihf wdusaomvkyfief;aqmif&Gufr_vrf;
n$efrsm;yg0ifonf?
0rf;enf;p&maumif;onfrSm/ vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;r_ vdktyfcsufrsm;
ta&S@awmifwef;a'owGif odomxif&Sm;pGm wdk;yGm;vmonfESifh
a'owGif;ppfqifa&;wif;usyfr_rsm; tpOfjzpfyGm;vsuf&Sdonf? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;
cifnGefhtm; &mxl;rSz,f&Sm;vkdufjcif;u u&ifhawmfvSefa&;orm;rsm;ESifh
prf;oyfonfhtaetxm;t&om +idrf;csrf;a&;&,lcJhonfh jzpfpOfwpfckjzpfa=umif;
azmfjyaeonf? xdk@a=umifhESpfOD;ESpfzufrS ppftiftm;rsm; wzefxdyfwdkufawG@
qHk&eftwGuf jyifqifr_rsm; jyKvkyfvmonf? 2005ckESpf/ ESpfukefydkif;wGif
yJcl;wkdif;a&S@ydkif;&Sd awmifay:a'orsm;wGif ppfrD;rsm;jzpfay:vsuf&Sdonf? ‚a=umifh
ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmt=um rjrifcJh&aom a&GS@ajymif;aexdkifolrsm; axmifESifhcsDI
jzpfyGm;cJh&onf?
ukvor~ESifh EdkifiHwum=uufajceDaumfrwD (ICRC) wdk@onfxdkedkifiHa&;
rjidrfroufjzpfaeaom a'orsm;odk@ oGm;a&mufcGifh r&&SdcJh=uay? xdk@tjyif 2006ckESpf
ZlvdkifvwGif 'kQonfrsm;qdkif&m r[mrif;}uD;&Hk; (UNHCR)rS
0ef}uD;csKyfxHodk@ jynfwGif;ppf'kQa=umifh vlom;csif;pmemaom vdktyfr_rsm;udk
oGm;a&mufulnDr_cGifhay;&ef toem;cHavsSmufxm;cJhaomfvnf; ‚wkd@
rSy,fcscJhonf? wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif tpdk;&rS jynfolrsm;ESifhqufqHa&;tm;xkwfr_
udkekdifiHwumtodkif;t0dkif;odk@ oabmayguf&efESifh u&ifhtrsdK;om;tpnff;t&Hk;
(KNU) wdk@. jynfolwkd@tay:vGSrf;rdk;aer_udk wdkufcdkuf&ef txl;wvnfae
&m,ljyifqifvsuf&Sdonf? xkdenf;wlpGm t&yfom;jynfolrsm;. xdckdufcHpm;r_
rsm;onf u&ifhtrsdK;om;tpnff;t&Hk;wdk@. xºuGykefuefr_a=umifhjzpfa=umif;
tjypfwifvsuf&Sdonf? jynfolrsm;. twif;t"Ra&GS@ajymif;jcif;cHae&r_/
u&ifhtrsdK;om;tpnff;t&Hk;wdk@. tkyfcsKyfe,fajrtwGif;odk@ aus;&Gmrsm;a&G@ajymif;&r_
(xdkif;edkifiHt wGif;&Sd 'kQonfpcef;rsm;tygt0if) wdk@onf u&ifhtrsdK;om;tpnff;t&Hk;a
=umifh[kpGyfpGJjyefygonf?
xdk@tjyifawmifydkif;a'orsm;wGif 2005aemufydkif;ESifh 2006ESpfOD;ydkif;u
tprf;oabmjzifh jyKvkyfaom taxmuftulrsm;ESihf aESmihfaES;r_rsm;u
oufaojyaeonf? EdkifiHwum=uufajceDaumfrwD (ICRC) u ‚. pH&yfwnfr_
a=umifh vkyfief;rsm;qufvufaqmif&Guf&eftcGifhtvrf; enf;yg;vmjcif;onfvnf;
oufaojyaeonfomru 2006ESpfukefydkif;wGif uGif;qif;aqmif&Gufolrsm;om
vkyfief;udkvnfywfapvsuf ‚wdk@. tpDtpOfonf twkta,mif
jyefvnfxlaxmifolrsm;ESifh omywfoufaeI tusdK;tjrwfcHpm;&olrsm;rSm
jrefrmppftpdk;&ESifh t&yfom;rsm;om jzpfaeonf? ukvor~vkyfief;udk,fp
m;vS,frSvnf; ‚wdk@. 2005 ckESpf tao;pm;vkyfief;udk +yD;jynfhpHk&ef pDrHcef@
cGJvsuf&Sdonf? tcsKd@taetxm;rsm;rSmrl ‚wdk@. vkyfief;&yfwnfr_twGufomjzpf+yD;
a'ocH0efxrf;rsm;rSwqifh vkyfaqmifvsuf&Sdonf?
aemufqHk;wGif 'kQonfrsm;qdkif&mukvor~r[mrif;=uD;&Hk;onf ‚.w&m;0ifvHkðcHr_
twGuf 2006ckESpf {+yDvwGif e,fpyfa'oESifh wdkif;&if;om;rsm;zGH@+zdK;wdk;
wuf a&;0ef}uD;Xme (ewv) ESifh em;vnfr_pmcsKyfvufrSwfa&;xdk;cJh=uonf?
pmwrf;ygoufwrf;t& aemufxyf 2ESpftwGuf 2007 ckESpf ESpfv,fydkif;wGif
xyfrHoufwrf;wdk;cJh=uonf? ‚tpDtpOf. OD;wnfcsufrSm ta&S@awmifykdif;
a'orsm;wGif a&GS@ajymif;aexdkifr_rsm;a=umifh wpfajrwnf;aexdkifolrsm;tm;
&dkufcwfvmr_wkd@tm; ulnDaqmif&Guf&efESihf vkyfief;cGifa'oodk@ vSHk+cHKr_OD;xdyfxm;vsuf
aESmifhaES;r_r&Sdap&ef 0efxrf;rsm;tm; 0ifxGufcGihfjyK&ef wdk@jzpfonf?ukvor~
cav;rsm;&HyHkaiGtzGJ@ (UNICEF) rSvnf; ‚wdk@.&Hk;cGJudk rGefjynfe,f.òrd@awmf armfvòrdifwGif
zGifhvSpfcJhonf? odk@aomf edkifiHjcm;om;rsm;tm; twnfwus ae&mcs cef@
xm;edkifjcif;r&SdcJhay?
ewvonf tzGJ@tpnf;topfwpfcktaejzifh EkSdif;,Snf=unfhaomf jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@
awmifwGif wpfOD;wnf; Áa¹EN&Sd&Sd qufvufwnf&Sdae+rJ jzpfonf?ukvor~ (UN) ESifh edkifiHwum tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wkd@ESifh yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifaomtzGJ@0if
trsm;qHk;tzGJ@tpnf;rSm usef;rma&;0ef}uD;Xmeyifjzpfonf? usef;rma&;ESifhqdkifaom
vlom;csif;pmemonfh taxmuftul jzpfonfh tm;avsmfpGm ta&S@awmifa'owGif
zGH@+zdk;wdk;wufcJhaomfvnf; jynfoljynfom;rsm;twGuf tvkyftudkifvdktyfr_udk
jznfhpGrf;edkifjcif;r&SdcJhay?
nSdEd_if;aqmif&Gufr_2004 ck ESpfukefydkif;tcsdefrSpI nSdekdif;r_jyKedkifaom vkyfief;vnfywfwnf&Sdr_
onf ta&S@awmifa'oY tzGJ@0iftm;vHk;udk twlwuG
ta=umif;t&mtcsuftvufzvS,f&mwGif vnf;aumif;/ vkyfief;vkyfaqmifolrsm;ESifh
v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;. tpDtpOfudkvnf;aumif; pwifedkifcJh onf? ‚tcsuftvufrsm;onf
vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_aqmif&Gufa&;tzGJ@ (PMWG) twGuf vkyfief;aqmif&Guf&mwGif
trSDo[JðycJhonf?‚ (PMWG) udk (UNCT) rS 2004 ckESpfukefydkif;wGif
wnfaxmifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_aqmif&Gufa&;tzGJ@ (PMWG) onf jynfol@vSkyf&Sm;r_ yHkpHrsm;udk avhvm&mY taxmuftulðyonfh
jynfwGif;a&Gajymif;aexkdifr_ESifh 0ifxGufoGm;vmr_udk t"duavhvm&mwGifvnf;aumif;/
aocsmonfh axmufcHcsufaomfvnf;aumif;/ (UNCT) . udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
aqmif&GuftpD&ifcHay;vsuf&Sdonf? ‚tpD&ifcHcsufonf vl@todkif; t0dkif;tajccHtzGJ@
FMR 30 15armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
tpnf;rsm; (CBOs) ESifh ESD;aESm&mwGifvnf;aumif;/
oD;jcm;ty,fcH vl@todkif;t0dkif;rsm;odk@
rnfonfutaumif;qHk;ae&meSifh rnfuJhodk@ vdktyfcsufudkjznfh
pGuf&ef paom qHk;jzwfcsufcs&mY axmufyhHay;onfh
wGef;tm;wpfckjzpfonf?
jrefrmedkifiHwGif vlom;csif;pmemaom vkyfief;
nSdEd_if;r_vkyfief;aqmifwmudk ukvor~ (UN) zGJ@
pnf;yHk tajccHrl twGif;wGif wnfaxmifzGJ@pnf;jcif;u
vkyfief;udk,fpm;vS,f&yfwnfr_aumfrwD zGJ@pnf;&efvH_@
aqmfay;cJhonf? ‚onf vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;aom
vkyfief;AsL[mrsm; pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;&mY
ta&;ygaom xifjrif,lqcsufay;onfhae&mwGif
tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJhtpnf;rsm; (NGOs) rsm;udk
xnfhoGif;yg0ifcGifhjyKcJhonf? tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJhtpnf;rsm;
(NGOs) ESifh tajccHvlh@todkfif;t0dkif;tzGJ@
tpnf;rsm; (CBOs) tm;vHk;yGifhvif;pGmyg0if v_
yf&Sm;r_ rðyEkdifcJhaomfjim;vnf; enf;vrf;opfjzifh ‚wdk@
ESifh ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;tm;jzifh ta=umif;t&m tvHk;pHkudk
=um;odcGifh&jcif;wkd@udk twdtus azmfaqmifaponf?
vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_aqmif&Gufa&;tzGJ@ (PMWG) ESifh
(TBBC) wdk@. jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;tay:
tpD&ifcHpm wdk@onf t,ltqcsif;wlnD=uonf?
‚tpD&ifcHpmonf befaumuf+rdk@Y jyKvkyfaom jrefrmESifh
ukvor~EdkifiHtoif; (UNCT) t=um;eSifh xdkif;edkifiHodk@
e,fpyfjzwfausmf tvkyfvkyfolrsm;. yxrt}udrf
tjrifzvS,fyGJtay: jyXmef;cJhjcif;jzpfonf?‚zvS,fr_
rsm;onf qufvufwnf&Sdrnfjzpf+yD; r=umc%qdkovdk
tcsdefESifhtr# ydkrdkwdk;wuf&efjzpfonf? 2007 ckESpftwGif;
‚[email protected]@qHkr_tpnf;ta0;rS ta=umif;t&mvkduf
zJG@pnf;cJh=uonfh usef;rma&;/ ynma&;/
toufarG;0rf;a=umif;ESifh tcGifhta&;umuG,fr_ ponfwdk@
a=umifh todtrSwfjyKjcif;cHcJh&onf? tjyifvlESifh
twGif;vlrsm;t=um; ,SOf+ydKifvkyfaqmifjcif;xuf
av;pm;csD;usL;&onfh ae@pOfjzpfay:r_udk jrifap&ef ‚u
azmfaqmifcJhonf? tenf;i,faom jrefrmtajcpdkuf
tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJhtpnf; (NGOs) udk xdkif;edkifiHtajcpdkuf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u
tjyeftvSeftusKd;twGuf }udKqdkcJh=uaomfvnf; rouFmr_
wdk@u w&pf0J0J &Sdae+rJjzpfonf?
ydkIta&;=uD;onfrSm ukvor~rS jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonf rsm;ESifh vHk+cHKr_r&Sdaom
jynfolrsm;/ rjrif&onfh xdcdkufapaom ta=umif;t&mrsm;tm;azmfxkwf&ef
vrf;rsm;&SmazGae&qJ jzpfonf? xdkt a=umif;t&mrsm;aqG;aEG;r_ESifhywfoufI
ppftm%mydkiftpdk;&rsm;taejzifh ‚wdk@*wdrwnfjcif; odk@r[kwf r&Sdjcif; ponfwdk@
omjzpfonf?
2007/ atmufwdkbm/ ukvor~ESpfywfvnfae@. trSmpum;tay:
rkefwdkif;xefxefwHk@jyefjcif;Y rvdk vm;tyfaom axhvHk;aighvHk;rsm; yg0ifonf?
ta=umif;&if;rsm;rSm ta&;w}uD;vdktyfr_twGufjrefrmESihf ukvor~ axmufyHhr_
tzGJ@wdk@ yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef tm&Hkpdkufaecsdef/ vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;r_
qdkif&m tjyeftvSefaqG;aEG;r_rsm; &&dS&ef}udK;yrf;aecsdefY vlrqefonfh
ppftkyfcsKyfa&;pepfu wHcg;ydwfvdkufjcif;/ rdrd.oufwrf;wpfav#muf tm;wufoa&m
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhaom a'ocH vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;r_qdkif&m tvkyftr_
aqmiftjzpfrS jyif;xefpGmpGyfpGJI jzKwfypfjcif; ponfwdk@ jzpfonf?
xkdtpdk;&. &GH&SmzG,ftkyfcsKyfr_pepfu jynfolwkd@twGuf wpfpHkwpf&mr#topftqef;
jyKvkyfekdifjcif; r&Sdao;ay? Tonfum; jrefrmekdifiHwGif vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;r_
qdkif&m Oya'udk qef;opfwDxGifaomenf;jzifh usifhoHk;Irjzpfekdif[k qkdvkdjcif;r[kwfay?
xdk@a=umifh vlom;csif; pmemr_qdkif&m vdktyfr_onf ukvor~ ESifh ‚.jrefrmedkifiHtwGif;
vkyfazmfukdifbufrsm; twGuf ta&;}uD; qHk;wm0eftjzpfqufvufwnf&Sd aernfom
jzpfayawmhonf?
*sif;z&efudktdpf d'l;&pf [email protected] onf
arv/ 2005 ckESpf rS pufwifbmv/ 2007 ckESpftxd jrefrmEdkifiHwGif 'kQonfrsm;
qdkif&mukvor~r[mrif;=uD;&Hk;. tvkyfr_aqmifudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfonf? ‚onf ,ckcsdefY
'kQonfavhvma&;XmerS tjynfjynfqdkif&mvlhtcGifhta&; ESifh 'kQonfOya'a=umif;qkdif&m
uxduwOD;jzpfonf? pDAifcg d'gemzvm [email protected] onf
tzfume,fpwm / umbl; rS 'kQonfrsm;qdkif&m ukvor~r[mrif;=uD;&Hk;.
a'oqdkif&m wm&Snfajz&Sif;a&;wm0efcHt&m&SdwpfOD; jzpfonf?
Taqmif;yg;onf pma&;ol.yk~Kdvfa&;qkdif&mtjrifomjzpf+yD;
uBmhukvor~.tjriftm; ukd,fpm;rðyyg?
1 ukvor~edkifiHtoif;wGif FAO, ILO, IOM, UNDP, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNODC, UNOPS, WFP , WHO wdk@ yg0ifonf?
2 EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef=uD;Xmeonf atmfwdkbm 31&uf 2007 ckESpf wGif jrefrmEdkifiHY ukvor~edkifiHtoif;. xkwfjyefpmudk jyef=um;cJhonf?
3 / tuf&Sav apmufof ‘Burma: The Changing Nature of Displacement Crises', RSC Working Paper 39, Feb 2007: www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/PDFs/WP39%20Burma%20AS.pdf 4 Wherever there is a Humanitarian Coordinator, OCHA requires that there should also be an inter-agency coordination committee modelled on the IASC (www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc), which includes, in addition to UNCT members, the Red Cross movement and large NGOs.5 Wherever there is a Humanitarian Coordinator, OCHA requires that there should also be an inter-agency coordination committee modelled on the IASC (www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc), which includes, in addition to UNCT members, the Red Cross movement and large NGOs.6 ‘Internal Displacement and Protection in Eastern Burma', 2005: www.tbbc.org/idps/report-2005-idp-english.pdf
jrefrmjynfta&S@ykdif;&Sd a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;pcef;rsm;/
ykef;atmif;&ma'orsm;ESifh typftcwf&yfpJxm;onfha'orsm;/ 2007 ckESpf
16 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;ae&yfrStwif;t"Ra&$@
ajymif;cH&r_tm; ykHpHcGJjcm;jcif;qDokd@
tuf&Sfavapmufof
vlxk.v_yf&Sm;vkyfaqmifr_ta=umif;w&m;rsm;t& jrefrmEkdifiHwGif
ae&yfrSt"Rarmif;xkwfcH&jcif;tm; ykHpHokH;rsKd;jzifh us,fjyef@pGm cGJjcm;owfrSwfE_difonf?
ykHpH 1 - ppfa&;yËdyQjzpfyGm;jcif;a=umifhjzpfyGm;&onfh ae&yfrSajymif;a&@$&jcif; -
wkdufyGJrsm;ESifh wefjyefawmfvSefa&; ppfqifa&;rsm;. wkduf&kduftusKd;quf a=umifh
okd@r[kwf ppfa&;yËdyQu vlom;wkd@vkHðcHr_ESifh pm;eyf&dQmzlvkHr_tm; v_dufpm;vmjcif; w
pfckr[kwfwpfcka=umifhjzpfyGm;&onfhtjyif jyif;xefonfh vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_
rsm;ESifhvnf; qufEG,faeonf? u&ifjynfe,fw0Srf;/ weoFm&Dwkdif;ta&Sykdif;/
rGefjynfe,fawmifykdif;/ u&ifeD (u,m;) jynfe,f awmifykdif;ESifh ta&S@ykdif;/
&Srf;jynfawmifykdif;wkd@tjyif csif;jynfe,fESifh ppfukdif;wkdif; tpdwftykdif;wpfcsKd@wGif
jzpfyGm;jcif;udkawG@&onf?
ykHpH 2 - ppfr_xrf;jcif;ESifh zG@Hòzd;a&;vkyfaqmifr_wkd@a=umifhjzpfyGm;onfh
ae&yfrSajymif;a&$@&jcif; - TykHpHtaeESifh atmufygwkd@a=umihfykHrSefjzpfyGm;&onf?
(u) obm0t&if;tjrpfxkwf,la&;ESifh tajccHtaqmufttkH wnfaqmufjcif;wkd@
twGuf jrefrmhwyfrawmfrS okd@r[kwf tjcm;vufeufukdiftkyfpkrsm;rS
ajr,modrf;,ljcif; - ppfa&;yËdyQaemufqufwGJ? (c) acgif;ykHjzwfaumufcHonfhtcGef/
t"Rvkyftm;ay;ESifh tjcm;aESmuf,Suft=urf;zufr_rsm;? ppfwyf}uD;xGm;a&;
vkyfaqmifr_a=umifh ESifh§okd@r[kwf ‘zG@Hòzd;a&;’vkyfaqmifjcif;wkd@. xdckdufr_a=umifh
wkdif;ESifhjynfe,[email protected],fpyf òrd@aea'owkd@wGif (uBmvSnfhc&D;oGm;vkyfief; wkd;csJ@
jcif; ESifh ‘òrd@jytopfðyjyifwnfaqmufjcif;’ tygt0if) ae&yfrSajymif;a&$@rl
jzpfyGm;&jcif;jzpfonf?
txufyg ae&yfrSajymif;a&$@=u&onfhykHpHESpfckrSm yËdyQ.&v'frsm;jzpfonf? ykHpH
(1) onf ppfa&;yËdyQa=umifh wkduf&kdufjzpfyGm;&jcif;jzpf+yD;/ ykHpH (2) u rD;cJjymzkH;
jzpfaeonfhyËdyQa=umifh okd@r[kwf vufeufukdifppfwyftm;ukd;I csdrf;ajcmufr_
a=umifhjzpfyGm;&onf? xkdokd@jzifh t"Ra&$@ajymif;ckdif;apr_ukd jzpfaponfhtjyif ppfajy;
'kQonfb0a&muf=u&jcif;jzpfonf? (vrf;n$efOya'owGif &Sif;jycJhonfhtwkdif;)
ykHpH 3 - aexkdif&Sifoefa&;tm;enf;csufa=umifhjzpfyGm;&onfh ae&yfrSajymif;a&$@&jcif;
- TtcsufrSm jrefrmEkdifiH. jynfwGif;jynfy ajymif;a&$@0ifa&mufaexkdifjcif;wkd@
tay:wGif tajcðyonf? t"du jzpfyGm;r_rsm;rSm tpkd;&. enf;vrf;rusonfhrl0g'ESifh
taumiftxnfazmfaqmifr_rsm;/ ukefxkwfajr. uef@owfxm;&Sdjcif;ponfhtjyif
aps;uGufnHhjzif;jcif;rsm;wkd@a=umifh jzpfyGm;&onf? Ttaetxm;rsm;u
pm;a&&dQm/ ynma&;ESifh usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_ rvkHavmufjcif;wkd@ jzpfyGm;&ef
OD;wnfonf? xkdtm%mykdifyk~Kdvfwkd@u tm;enf;onfh pD;yGm;a&;t&a&$@
ajymif;0ifa&mufvmolrsm;tjzpf txl;zefwD;azmfaqmifcJhonf?
tuf&Savapmufof ([email protected]) onf tvGwfowif;axmufESifh
jrefrmEkdifiHESifh ta&S@awmiftm&Sd&Sd vlom;csif; pmemonfhtultnDay;a&;ESifh
EkdifiHa&;udPrsm;twGuf twkdifyifcH yk~Kdvfjzpfonf? ‚. 'kQonfavhvma&;Xme. 2007 ckESpf
azaz:0g&Dvxkwf tpD&ifcHpmjzpfonfh eHygwf 39 &Sd d'jrefrm - ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfcH&r_
jy\emrsm;. obm0tajymif;tvJ' tao;pdwftm; www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/PDFs/WP39%20Burma%20AS.pdf wGifawG@&SdE_difygonf?
1. www.brookings.edu/projects/idp/gp_page.aspx
jrefrmjynfwGif;ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfjcif;tay:
EkdifxufpD;eif;vkyfaqmifr_rsm;.tcef;u¾
tif'&_; abmqef
jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif; ae&yfrSt"Rarmif;xkwfcH&jcif;onf ppfwyf okd@r[kwf
ppfwyf. t&yfom;tm%mykdifwkd@. trdef@t& okd@r[kwf pD;yGm;a&;&nf&G,fcsuf
rsm;a=umifh obm0ab;tœ&m,f/ ppfa&;wkdufckdufr_ okd@r[kwf ajymif;a&$@
ae&mcsxm;r_§ajr,modrf;,lr_uJhokd@ tjzpftysufwpfckcka=umifhjzpfyGm;&jcif;
jzpfrnf? ykHrSeftaeESifh &Gmrsm;tm;vkH; okd@r[kwf vlxktokdif;t0kdif;rsm; okd@r[kwf òrd@
ae&yfuGufrsm;tm; xkdjzpf&yfwkd@u &kwfw&ufxdckdufaponf?
trsm;tm;jzifh ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&jcif;onf tm%mykdifwkd@. EkdifxufpD;
eif;jyXmef;vkyfaqmifaeonfh t"Rvkyftm;ay;apckdif;jcif;/ ajr,modrf;,ljcif;/
+cdrf;acsmufaiGnSpfjcif;ESifh twif;t=uyfrpkdufrae&oD;ESHwkd@pkdufckdif;jcif; wkd@
yg0ifonfhr_cif;twGJvkdufa=umifhjzpfyGm;&jcif;yifjzpfonf? vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_
qkd;&Gm;pGmjzpfaponfh Ttwkdif;twmwkd@onf tcsdefESifhtr#ykHrSef wppwkd;vmI
rdom;pk. ykdifqkdifr_t&if;tjrpfESifh 0ifaiGukd wpftdrfvkH;pD;yGm;a&;òydvJ
onftxd avsmhusapI tdrfrSqif;oGm;&jcif;onfomtaumif;qkH; okd@r[kwf
wpfckwnf;aoma&G;p&mjzpfvmonf? Tvkyfief;pOfu yxrtaeESifh
ykdrdkqif;&Jonfhrdom;pkrsm;tm; xdckdufapI wjznf;jznf; tokdif;t0kdif;wpfckvkH;
ESpftwkdif;twmwpfcktwGif; rdrdae&yfrSa&$@ajymif;tajccsonfhtaetxm;okd@
a&muf&Sdjcif;jzpfonf? T vlxktaejzifh yk~KdvfwpfOD;csif;t&aomf‚/
rdom;pktkyfpkvkdufaomf‚ qtvkduf ‘wjznf;jznf;armif;xkwfcH&jcif;’ ykHpHtm;
a'owGif;ESifh/ typftcwf&yfpJxm;onfhae&mrsm;tjyif tjcm;jrefrmEkdifiHa'orsm;wGif
vuf&SdyËdyQjzpfyGm;aoma'owGif todtrSwfðyxm;=uonf?
TEkdifxufpD;eif;twkdif;twmrsm; vkyfukdifjcif;/ xdckdufapjcif;wkd@tjyif
v$rf;ðcHaeonfhqif;&JrGJawr_tajctaetm; ykdqkd;apI aiGa=u;azmif;yGr_wkd;jrifhvmum
0ifaiGrSef usqif;onfhtaetxm;okd@a&muf=u&onf?
tjcm;ajymE_difonfhtcsufrSm EkdifxufpD;eif;vkyfaqmifr_whkd.qufEG,fpkpnf;r_t&ESifh pD;
yGm;a&;t&if;cHta=umif;w&m;wkd@a=umihf vlxktaeESifh tdrfypf,mypfxGufcGmvm=u&
jcif;jzpfonf? wpfpkHwpfOD;taeESifh ajymif;a&$@cH&jcif;jzpfaponfh vkyfief;pOfwpfckvkH;tm;/
taetxm;wpfckjcif;xufykdI vufiif;ta=umif;w&m;taeESifh pOf;pm;ayrnf?
EkdifxufpD;eif;vkyfaqmifr_rsm;ygvmonfhae&mwGif tajctaeuv_yf&Sm;r_twGuf
armif;ðzwf&efomtrSefwu,fvkdtyfonfhtaetxm;okd@
a&muf&Sdum r=umc%qkdouJhokd@ pm;a&&dQmzlvkHr_twGuf pkd;&drf&jcif;tm;
pD;yGm;a&;tokH;tE_H;rsm;wGif zGifhqkdE_dif onfhtajca&muf aevifhupm; ykHrSeftaeESifh
jrefrmEkdifiHwGifjzpfyGm;onfh jzpf&yfa=umifh cHpm;&onfh jynfolvlxk.v_yf
&Sm;vkyfaqmifcsufu jynfwGif;ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwf cH&olrsm;twGuf
vkdufemapmifhxdrf;&rnfh vrf;n$efOya'orsm;. twkdif;twmtwGif;
twdtvif;usqif;vm&onf?
tif'&l;bkdqefonf tvGwfwrf;okawoeynm&Sifjzpfonf? ‘txl;ojzifh tpkd;&xdrf;csKyfr_
atmuf&Sda'orsm;tm; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; ae&yfrsm;rStwif;t=uyfa&$@ajymif;cH&jcif;§
armif;xkwfcH&jcif;’ tpD&ifcHpmukd 2007 ckESpf arvwGif jynfwGif;ae&yfrSajymif;a&$@
apjcif; apmifh=unfhppfaq;a&;XmetwGuf a&;om;ðypkcJholjzpfonf?
www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs4/IDMC-Burma_report_mai07.pdf wGifawG@E_difygonf?
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif ‘zdtm;ay;ESifxkwfrl’tm; teufzGifhjcif;
jrefrmvlrsKd;trsm;pktaeESifh ta=umif;trsKd;rsKd;a=umihf ‚wkd@aetdrfrsm;rS xGufajy;=u&onf? rnfokd@yifjzpfap xGufcGm=u&jcif;. tajccHta=umif;w&m;rsm;rSm
‘ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;’ okd@r[kwf ‘pD;yGm;a&;t&a&$@ajymif;0ifa&mufvmolrsm;’' ponfh rnfonfhacgif;pOfESifh qDav#mfa=umif;ukd qkH;jzwfcsufjcay;xm;ayonf?
vkdufem&rnfh jynfwGif;ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&olrsm;twGuf vrf;n$efOya'o ESifhtnD b0vrf;a&G;cs,fr_twGuf ajcukefvufyrf;usvmonfhtwGuf
tdrfrSxGufcGmvm&olrsm;tm; ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;tjzpf owfrSwfoifhroifh aqG;aEG;r_tcsKd@&Sdonf? tuf&SavapmufofESifh tif'&l;bkdqef wkd@u ‚[email protected];tm; atm
ufygtwkdif;aqG;aEG;wifjy=uonf?
E_dif;,SOfcsuftaeESifh TtjyeftvSefaqG;aEG;r_u jynfajy;jrefrmtokdif;t0kdif;twGif; wkd;csJhaqG;aEG;r_ jzpfvmE_difonf? 'kQonfpcef;jyifywGif&Sdonfh jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;taeESifh
‘pD;yGm;a&;t&0ifa&mufvmolrsm;’avm/ okd@r[kwf ‘ukd,fwkdife,fopftajccs'kQonfrsm;’yifavm? ‘xkdif;EkdifiHwGif aysmufaejcif;’ acgif;pOfjzifh aqmif;yg;wGif
TudPtwGuf ykdItvif;jzef@usufay;xm;ayonf?
FMR 30 17armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; ae&yfa'orSt"Rarmif;xkwfcH&onfh tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;okd@a&muf&Sd
ckdv_HcJh&olrsm;ESifhywfoufonfh ulnDtm;ay;r_ESifh okawoeðycsuftrsm;pku
xkdif;e,fpyfwav#muf vufeufukdifyËdyQa=umifh xdckdufcHpm;&onfha'orsm;tm; t
av;ay;vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufv#uf&Sdonf? jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;&Sd ‚yËdyQxdckdufcH&onfh
a'otawmfrsm;rsm;tm; EkdifiHwumtultnDay;tzGJ@rsm;taeESifh wkduf&kduf
qufoG,fEdkifonfhtaetxm;r&SdonfhtwGuf ‚wkd@taeESifh a'ocHtvkyftzGJ@rsm;ESifh
yl;aygif;I tultnDay;a&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Guf&onf?
xkdif;EkdifiH odk@r[kwf tjcm;tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHrsm;rS jrefrmjynfwGif;&Sd
jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;tm; ay;tyfaeonfhtultnDonf jrefrmtpkd;&.
tcsKyftjcmtm%mtm; pdrfac:r_jyKaeonfhtwGuf w&m;r0if[k qkdonf?
trSefwu,frSmrl e,fpyfjzwfausmfIvkyfaqmifae=uolrsm;uvnf;
w&m;0ifaxmufyHhr_r[kwf[k owfrSwfxm;=uonf? tcsKd@e,fpyfjzwfausmfIvkyfaqmif
ae=uonfh (uef@owfxm;jcif;a=umifhtenf;i,fomay;tyfE_difonfh tultnDESifh vl@t
cGifhta&;tcsuftvufrsm;rSwfwrf;wifr_) b*Fvm;a'h&SfESifh tdd,EkdifiHrsm;rS v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;‚/
tvm;wl rxifr&Sm;aq;0g;tultnDay;tyfjcif; tygt0if taxmuftyHhtcsKd@ukd
w&kwfEkdifiHrS wqifh‚vkyfaqmif=u&onf? xkdif;EkdifiHtajcpkduf e,fpyfjzwfausmftult
nDay;onfhtkyfpktrsm;pktaeESifh u&ifjynfe,ftwGif; xkdtultnDay;vkyfief;rsm;tm;
vkyfaqmifcJhonf? odkhaomf rGefESifh u&ifeD (u,m;) jynfe,frsm;wGifvnf;
tvm;wllvkyfaqmifr_rsm;vnf;&SdcJhayonf? vkHðcHa&;taetxm;ESifh
a'owGif;vkyfaqmifEkdifpGrf;uef@owfr_ twkdif;twmrsm;t& &Srf;jynfe,fwGifrl
vkyfief;tenf;i,fr#om taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufEdkif=uonf?
e,fpyfjzwfausmfvkyfaqmifae=uonfh pDrHudef;rsm;u ormorwfusEdkifoI
vkdtyfcsufrsm;ESifhwajy;nD ulnDaxmufyHhr_ay;onf[kajymEdkifaomfvnf;
xkdtaxmuftyHhonf vufvSrf;rDEdkifonfhtaetxm;ESifh a0;uGmaeayao;onf?
e,fpyfjzwfausmfonfh ulnDaxmufyHhr_uGef,ufrsm;onf vkHðcHr_ESifh axmufyhHykd@
aqmifa&;tpDtpOfrsm;azmfaqmifE_difa&;tay: vufeufukdiftwkduftcHtkyfpkrsm;ESifh
eD;uyfpGmaqmif&Gufv#uf&Sdonf? trSefrSm e,fpyfjzwfausmfvkyf*Sm;ae=uol
trsm;pkrSm awmfvSefa&; tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. wyfzGJ@0ifrsm; okd@r[kwf zGJ@0ifrsm;jzpf=uonf?
a'ocHtpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh e,fpyfjzwfausmftultnDay;tzG@J
rsm;onfvnf; vl@tcGifhta&;rSwfwrf;rsm;pkaqmif;vkyfaqmifa&;ESifh tm;ay;aqmif&Gufr_
vkyfief;wkd@tjyif t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&;vkyfief;rsm;tm; twkduftcHtkyfpktrsKd;rsKd;ESifh
yl;aygif;vkyfaqmif=uonf?
jrefrmEkdifiH. wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pkolykeftkyfpkrsm;taeESifh 1990 ckESpftpykdif; (okd@)
tv,fykdif;avmufwGif ‚wkd@. ‘vGwfajrmufe,fajrrsm;’ qkH;&_H;cJh&onfhtwGuf
ppfyËdyQa=umifh a&$@ajymif;xGufajy;vm&onfh jynfolvlxktaeESifh
ppfrsufESmjzef@usufxm;onfha'orsm;. aemufwef;a'orsm;wGifyif tajccs
aexkdifEdkifjcif; r&SdawmhonfhtwGuf jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfta&twGufrSm
trsm;tjym;wkd;yGm;vmcJhonf? xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif; 'kQonftaxmuftyHhay;a&;udPrsm; tm;
(10) pkESpfrsm;pGmvkyfaqmifae=uonfh tpkd;&r[kwfonfh EkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh
tvSL&Sifrsm;.tultnDa=umifh u&ifESifhrGefwkdif;&if;om;wkd@twGufjynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQ
onfaxmufyHha&;pDrHudef;rsm;tm; xlaxmifcJhonf? 2002 ckESpf/ {+yDvrwkdifrDtwGif;
a'ocHu&ifwkdif;&if;om;ESifh ‚wkd@xuf yrm%enf;onfhtiftm;pkrsm; jzpf=uonfh
u&ifeDESifh &Srf;wkdif;&if;om;tkyfpkrsm; tm;tultnDay;a&;twGuf ESpfpOfe,fpyfjzwfaus
mfaxmufyHha&;&HykHaiGrSm a':vmwpfoef; txdjrifhwufvmcJhonf?
vlom;csif;pmemonfhtcsdefwdktwGif;axmufyhHr_u &Gmom;rsm;tm;qefa0iS&eftjyif
vuf&SdyËdyQrsm; &Sif;vif;at;aq;oGm;onfhtcsdefwGif ‚[email protected]@abmif
tokdif;t0kdif;rsm;tm; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;aqmif&GufEdkifrnfh tjcm;,E W&m;rsm;ukd
EkdifEkdifeif;eif;vkyfaqmif&ef jznfhqnf;ay;&ef&nf&G,fcJhonf? 2005 ckESpfwGif e,fpyfjzwf
ausmftultnDay;vkyfaqmifaeonfhtzGJ@tpnf;trsm;tjym;u 2006ckESpftwGuf
ta&;ygonfh e,fpyfjzwfausmfaxmufyhHa&;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf tar&dueftpkd;&
&HykHaiGxnfh0ifv_H@aqmfr_jzifh tokdif;t0kdif;tajccHwkd;wufa&; y%mrajcvSrf;rsm;tm;
pwiftaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufcJhonf? xkdtzG@Jtpnf;rsm;pGmwkd@onfvnf;
a'ocHtokdif;t0kdif;rsm;ESifhtwl wcgw&H us,fjyef@onfh usef;rma&;ESifhynma&;pDrHcsuf
rsm;udkvnf;taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmifcJh=uonf?
jrefrmjynfwGif;vkyfaqmifr_rsm; EkdifiHwumtultnDESifh wkd;wufa&;pDrHudef;rsm;onf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif
yg;vsm;pGmqufvufI jzef@=uufaeonf? &efukeftajcpkdufEkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh
ukvor~tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf tjyif;txefyËdyQjzpfyGm;aeonfh a'orsm;rSty/ EkdifiHòrd@}uD;
rsm;ESifhxdpyfaeonfha'orsm;rStp wjznf;jznf; a0;vHonfha'orsm;qDokd@OD;wnfum ykHrS
efESpfpOfwkd;jrSifhcsOf;uyfr_jzifh EkdifiH. yËdyQa=umifhxdckdufcHpm;&onfha'orsm;twGuf
ulnDaxmufyHha&; aqmif&Gufv#uf&Sdonf? r=umrDvrsm;twGif;u ppftpkd;&onf
EkdifiHwGif;vlom;jcif;pmemonfh tultnDrsm;ay;tyfaeaom tzGJ@trsm;pk. v_
yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_rsm;tm; ykdrkduef@owfcsKyfcs,fr_rsm; ðyvkyfvmcJhonf?
jrefrmtpkd;&xdef;csKyfxm;onfhe,fajrrsm;jzpfonfh jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonf
rsm;&Sdaom a'owGif;wGif txl;OD;wnfvkyfaqmifaeonfh EkdifiHwumtzGJ@
tpnf;tenf;i,fr#om&Sdonf? wpfpdwfwykdif;tm;jzifhqkd&v#if Ttcsufonf
etztaeESifhtxdrcHEkdifonfh ta=umif;udPjzpfI/ tjcm;tpdwftykdif;taeESifh
obm0w&m;wefbkd;xm;r_ rjynfhpkHjcif;tjyif jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif; armif;ESifxkwfcH&jcif;yËdyQ
twkdif;twmwkd@. a&mifjyef[yfjcif;vnf; jzpfonf?
1990 ESpfrsm;tukefykdif;rSpI a0;vHonfha'orsm;ESifh tœ&m,fvG,fulpGmusa&muf
Edkifaoma'owkd@tm; qufpyfr_&&Sdapa&;twGuf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;&Sd EkdifiHwumtzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;taeESifh tpkd;&r[kwfonfh a'ocHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ e,fpyfjzwfausmf
taxmuftyHhay;a&;tzGJ@rsm; yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifa&;. tusKd;tjrwfrsm;tm;
pwifem;vnfoabmaygufcJh=uonf? wpdwfwykdif;taeESifh tpkd;&ESifh
vufeufukdiftkyfpktrsm;pk=um; typftcwf&yfpJa&;oabmwlnDr_tusKd;qufa=umifh
TtawmtwGif; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;&Sd jynfolvlxkESifh wkdif;&if;om;trsKd;om;tokdif;t
0kdif;rsm;=um;wGif jynfol@a&;&mtzGJ@tpnf;tajrmuftrsm; ay:aygufvm=uonf? T
jynfol@a&;&muGef,ufrsm;wGif bmoma&;tzGJ@rsm;/ aus;&Gm,Ofaus;r_toif;rsm;ESifh
xkdxufykdIpepfwuszGJ@pnf;xm;onfh tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;yg yg0ifayonf?
EkdifiHwumtultnDay;tzGJ@rsm;vufvSrf;rrDaom yËdyQjzpfyGm;aoma'owGif
‚a'ocHv_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufae=uolrsm;u ,if;yËdyQjzpfyGm;aom e,fajra'oodk@
r=umc% a&muf&SdulnDaqmif&Gufay;v#uf&Sdonf? ‚wkd@. ulnDaxmufyHha&;ESifh
wkd;wufa&;pDrHudef;rsm;onf
udk,hftm;udk,fudk;axmufyhHonfh ajcvSrf;rSpwifcJhonf? ‚udk,fhtm;udk,fudk;axmufyhHr_
rsm;onfrdom;pktwGif;qufoG,fr_ / wdkif;&if;om;rsdK;EG,[email protected],fr_ xdk@tjyif
ydkIpepfusonfh tpDtpOfukd e,fajrcHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; ESifh a'ocH tpdk;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;rS vkyfaqmif=uonf?
‚tultnDtaxmuftyHhonf pm;a&&dQm/ aq;0g;taxmuftyHhrsm;
(a'otwGif; v_yf&Sm;aeonfhtoif;rsm;tygt0if) ESifh vlhtokdif;t0kdif;jyefvnf
ðypkysdK;axmifa&;wkd;wufr_ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;wkd@yg0if=uonf? txl;ojzifh
jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;twGuf bk&m;ausmif; tajcðyuGef,uf okH;ckonf
wdk;wufaumif;rGef aompGrf;&nfrsm;twGufvkyfaqmifjcif; / vdktyfcsufrsm;udk ppfaq;jcif;
/ 4if;[email protected];tyfvkyfaqmifaomtultnDtm; jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;ESifh uGyfuJjcif;
rsm;tm;vkyfaqmifcJhonf?
tm%m&Sdyk~Kdvfrsm;ESifh qufpyfaqmif&GufEdkifonfh a'ocHtokdif;t0kdif;acgif;aqmifrsm;
(Oyrm - jrefrmppfwyfESifh typftcwf&yfpJxm;onfhtkyfpkacgif;aqmifrsm;) uvnf;
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;tultnDay;vkyfaqmifae=uonfhtzGJ@rsm;ESifh e,fpyfjzwfausmfI
v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufae=uonfh tzGJ@rsm;t=um; em;vnfr_aumif;aumif;ESifh
qufpyfvkyfaqmif&ef vkdtyfaeayao;onf?
jynfwGif;ppfajy; 'kuonfrsm;twGuf vlom;csif;pmemonfh
taxmuftyHh (vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;csufrsm;) tuf&Savapmuf(of)
18 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;&Sd yËdyuQESifh ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfjcif;wkd@tay: jyifyrSt_
rJwapazmfjyavh&Sdonfh rSm;,Gif;r_rSm/ jynfolvlxkar#mfvifhrxm;onfh
tajctaeqkd;rsm;ESifh armif;ESiftxkwfcH&jcif;wkd@u /etzppfwyfESifh u&iftrsKd;
om;vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf KNLA uJhokd@aom twkduftcHvufeufukdiftkyf
pkwkd@=um; jzpfyGm;aeonfh vufeufukdifyËdyQ.tusKd;qufjzpfonf[lI
jynfwGif;ppfwpfckwnf;ukdom usOf;ajrmif;pGmazmfjyjcif;jzpfonf? vlxkESifh ykdrkd
eD;uyfonfh jynfolwkd@ajympum;tm;wkduf&kdufoGm;Iem;axmifonfhppfaq
;azmfxkwf r_u txufygtcsufrSm jzpfyGm;&onfh t"duta&;udPr[kwf[k
azmfjyaeonf? etzppfwyfonf vlxkqefhusifonfh ppfqifa&;rsm;ukdomtxl;ojzifh
aqmif&GufaejyD; tajctaetawmfrsm;rsm;wGif KNLA uif;vSnfhwyfrsm;ESifh
xdyfwkdufawG@qkHwkdufyGJjzpfyGm;r_tm; ppfwyftaeESifh tm;xkwf a&Smif&Sm;I v_yf&Sm;vkyf
aqmifaeonfukdawG@&onf?
u&ifjynfe,f&Sd etzv_yf&Sm;ppfa=umif;rsm;onf ‚wkd@. ae@
pOfppfqifa&;vkyfief;rsm;tjzpf ay:wm/ aiG/ pm;eyf&dQmESifh tjcm; t"Rvkyftm;ay;jcif;/
jcdrf;ajcmufaiGnSpfjcif;paom ykHpHrsKd;pkHjzifh a'ocHjynfolvlxkxHrS
enf;rsKd;pkHnSpf,lxm;onfh taxmuftyHhwkd@tay: rSDckd&yfwnfae=uonf? ppf
wyfvufatmufcHr[kwfonfha'orsm; (txl;ojzifh u&ifjynfe,fajrmufykdif;
awmifay:a'orsm;) wGif etzppfwyftaeESifh ,if;trdef@rsm;csrSwfvkyfaqmif&ef
cufcJayonf? xkd@a=umifh ‚wkd@taeESifh tvG,fwultjrwfxkwfEdkifrnfh ajymif;a&$@
ae&mcsxm;a&;pcef;rsm;wGifpkaygif;aexkdifa&;twGuf uGJjym;pGm&Sdaeonfh
aus;vufa'ovlxkwkd@tm; &SmazGI twif;tusyfzdtm;ay;ajymif;a&$@jcif;
vkyfaqmifae=uonf? Tenf;jzifh c&D;oGm;I tjcm;ae&mwGiftvkyfvkyfcGifh (okd@) ukef
ul;oef;a&mif;0,fcGifhydwfyifjcif;jzifh &Gmom;[email protected];0rf;ausmif;b0rsm;ukd
wwdwd vkdufpm;vkyfaqmifae=uonf? xkd@tjyif tcrJ@vkyftm;ay;rSuif;vGwfcGifh&_jyD;
vuf&Sdtvkyftukdifwkd@wGif qufvufvkyfukdifEdkifcGifh&&Sda&;twGuf ‚[email protected]
t&if;tjrpfwkd@tm; ppfwyfwm0ef&Sdolrsm;xH ay;tyfwifoGif; vkyfaqmifa&;rSmvkdtyf
csufwpfckjzpfonf? T pepfwusðyvkyfaeonfh zdESdyfapmfum;tjrwfxkwfr_rsm;u
qif;&JrGJawjcif;/ iwfrGwfacgif;yg;jcif;wkd@ukd ykdrkdrsm;jym;vmapjcif;tjyif ykdrkdqkd;&Gm;onfh
a'owGif;vlom;u'fqkdufr_wkd@tm; tvGeftrif; aygif;pyfjzpfay:vmaponf?
ppftkyfcsKyfa&;vufatmuf b0tajctaeukdowdrlrdonfh &Gmom;trsm;pkrSm
txufygtwkdif; vkdufemaqmif&Guf&rnfhtpm; ykef;atmif;aexkdifa&;vrf;a=umif;ukd
a&G;cJh=uonf? trdef@ESifh csKyfcs,fr__rsm;tm; a&Smifv$Jonfhvkyfaqmifr_onf &Gmom;wkd@
taeESifh ‚wkd@. xkdEkdifxufpD;eif;vkyfaqmifr_wkd@rS uif;vGwfcGifh&onfhtcGifhta&;ukd
jyefvnf&,lonfomru a'ocHwyfwkd@. ppfqifa&;wkd@ukdvnf;
tm;enf;oGm;aponf? xkd@a=umifh u&ifjynfe,ftwGif; ppfwyf}uD;pkd;a&;csJ@xGifr_tm;
taESmuft,Sufjzpfapawmhonf? etzu wkef@jyefonfhtaeESifh xkdykef;atmif;ae
xkdifonfh&Gmom;rsm;tm; EkdifiHawmf&efoltjzpfowfrSwfum ppfqifa&;rsm;twGif;
‚wkd@tm;awG@&mocFsdKif;"m;rqkdif;ypfcwfokwfoifjcif;/ aetdrfrsm;/ awmif,mrsm;ESifh
&dQm*kda'gifrsm;tm; rD;&_dhzsufqD;jcif;wkd@tm; ypfrSwfxm;I vkyfaqmif=uonf?
EkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;olrsm;uJhokd@jzpfaeonfh
jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;
a,bl,stm;jzifh ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&onfh &Gmom;trsm;pktaeESifh
u&ifjynfe,ftwGif; etztkyfcsKyfa&;Oya'atmufwGifom aexkdif=ujcif;jzpfonf?
trSefrSm xGufajy;ykef;atmif;aexkdifonfholrsm; rsm;jym;vmjcif;onf
zdESdyftkyfcsKyfonfh ppfwyfxdrf;csKyfr_atmufwGifraevkdonfh &Gmom;wkd@.
jyif;jyonfhqukd azmfn$ef;aejyD; ‚wkd@tay: etzppfwyf. xdrf;csKyfvkyfaqmifr_
ukdvnf; atmifjrifpGm ckcHEdkifjcif;yifjzpfayonf? xkd@a=umifh awmxJokd@xGufajy;jcif;rSm
a=umuf&GH@I okd@r[kwf u,fq,folrJhI vkyfaqmifonfhvkyfaqmifr_r[kwfyg
? trSefrSm etz.Oya'ukd &J0HhpGmqef@usifa&;enf;vrf;wpfck yifjzpfayawmhonf?
tjcm;xGufrajy;Edkifolrsm;u ukd,fhukd,fukdoufomap&ef ae@pOf odrfarG@aomqef@
usifjcif;ESifh rvkdufemjcif;wkd@tm;vkyfaqmif=ujcif; okd@r[kwf ‚wkd@tay:wGif&Sdaeonfh
trdef@rsm;/ csKyfcs,fr_rsm;tm; &mE_ef;jynfha&Smif&Sm;jcif; paomtjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh
ckcHqef@usif=uonf?
ppftkyfcsKyfr_atmufwGif ykef;a&Smifae=uonfh okd@r[kwf aexkdifae=uonfh
ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&onfh u&ifjynfe,fESifh tjcm;jrefrmEkdifiHaus;vufa'o
rsm;&Sd&Gmom;rsm;taeESifh ppfwyf.apmfum;aESmuf,Sufr_rsm;tay: ckcHwGef;vSefr_
rsm;tm; ‚wkd@ukd,fwkdif qef;opf&J0HhpGm vkyfaqmifjyoae=uonf? ‚wkd@taeESifh
tultnD ykdrkdwkd;jrSifhay;&eftwGuf ta&;ay:vkdtyfcsuf&Sdaeaomfvnf;
‚wkd@ukd,fwkdifomv#if =um;0iftultnDay;ajz&Sif;olwkd@tm;
rnfonfhae&mokd@ay;tyfoifha=umif; tqkH;tjzwfay;oifhayonf?
jynfwGif;ppfajy; 'kQonfrsm;.qefŒusif
ckcHa&;enf;AsL[mrsm;zkd;&Srf;auzef;ESifh pwDzif[l;vf
yËdyQjzpfyGm;aome,fajra'orS vlh@tokdif;t0kdif;rsm;.tajctaewkd;wufa&;twGuf
ta&;ygonfh umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_vkyfief;rsm;ukd wm0ef,lvkyfaqmif=uonf?
‚wkd@.=um;0ifaqmif&Gufr_rsm;rSm tm%mykdifwkd@tm; jynfolwkd@ukdtwif;t=uyf
ae&yfrSajymif;a&$@r_rjyKvkyfapa&; / &Gmom;rsm;tm; t"Rvkyftm;ay;qifhac:r_rðya&;
odkhr[kwf EkdifiHwumESifh rsm;aomtm;jzifh a'ocH tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJtpnf;rsm;/
a'ocHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wkd@. vlom;jcif;pmemr_jzifhay;tyfvmonfh
taxmuftyHhtultnDrsm;tm; cGifhðyay;a&;wkd@yg0ifonf?
vlxktokdif;t0kdif;twGif; vlxktwGuf v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufae=uolrsm;onfvnf;
vl@tcGifhta&;owif;rsm;tm; &efukef okd@r[kwf xkdif;EkdifiHokd@ay;ykd@=urnfjzpfonf?
xkdokd@ todtrSwfrjyKxm;onfh ‘tumtuG,fESifh tm;ay;r_uGef,ufrsm;’ vl@
tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_jzpfyGm;jcif;rsm; avsmhenf;ap&ef tultnDay;aponf? Oyrm -
ppftkyfcsKyfolrsm;taeESifh xkdif;EkdifiH&Sdw&m;a&;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;xH xkdtcsuftvufa&muf
oGm;rnfukdpkd;&drfI &Gmom;rsm;tm; t"Rvkyftm;ay;apckdif;&ef wGef@qkwfr_jzpfapayrnf?
ed*kH;csKyfjrefrmEkdifiH.jyifywGif v_yf&Sm;vkyfukdifae=uonfh txl;ojzifh
jynfya&muftwkduftcHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh ‚wkd@. axmufyHha&;ESifh pnf;&kH;r_
uGef,ufrsm;onf (tpkd;&.csKyfcs,fr_rsm;&Sdonfhwkdif) vlxktokdif;t0kdif;twGif; v_yf
&Sm;aqmif&Gufrsm; / ta&;}uD;onfhtultnDESifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;vkyfief; rsm;
tay: ykdrkdem;vnfvmap&ef tm;ay;vkyfaqmifoGm;oifhonf? jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;&Sd tzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;taeESifh xkdif;EkdifiHESifh jynfyEkdifiHrsm;&Sd tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;uJhodk@ vlxkod&Sd&ef
vkyfaqmifydkifcGifhr&Sday? okd@aomf yËdyQa=umifhjzpfyGm;onfhae&mrsm;wGif a'ocHESifh
EkdifiHwum vkyfief;tzGJ@0ifrsm;wnf&Sdaejcif;u vlom;jcif;pmema&;uGufvyftm;
zefwD;EdkifI trsKd;om;/ jynfe,fESifh a'ocHtm%mykdifrsm;jzifhaygif;I uef@vef@
umaemufuG,frS apmifha&Smuftm;ay;r_vkyfief;rsm;tm; vkyfaqmifay;EdkifonfrSm
trSefyifjzpfonf?
tuf&Savapmuf (of) ([email protected]) onf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;ESifh
ta&S@awmiftm&S&Sd vlom;jcif;pmemr_ESifh EkdifiHa&;ta=umif;t&mrsm;tay:
vGwfvyfonfh a&;om;r_ESifh t=uHay;csufrsm; vkyfaqmifaeoljzpfonf?
1 EkdifiHwumtaxmuftyHhay;a&;XmeESifhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. xkdif;EkdifiHe,fpyftokH;pm;&dwf (cef@rSef;'kQonfvlOD;&nf 150000 twGuf)
tar&duefa':vm oef; 50&SdonfhtcsdefwGif jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; EkdifiHwumrS&&SdonfhtultnDrSm cef@rSef;acspkpkaygif; tar&duef a':vm oef;
250 &Sdonf (wOD;v#if 5 a':vmatmuf)? e,fpyfjzwfausmfulnDaxmufyHha&;rsm;twGuf tokH;pm;&dwfrSm a':vm 7oef;&Sdonf?
FMR 30 19armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
xGufajy;ykef;a&Smifaexkdifonfhvrf;ukda&G;cs,fonfh&Gmom;rsm;taeESifhvnf;
etz. &efukdpkd;&drfonfhtwGuf xyfrHI wkef@jyefEdkifa&;enf;vrf;opfrsm;ukd
wnfxGif=uHq&onf? Oyrm - xGufajy;&efar#mfvifhxm;onfh
vuf&Sd&Gmom;rsm;taeESifh v#Kd@0Sufpyg;usDrsm;tm; awmwGif;vkHðcHonfhae&mrsm;
wGifaqmufvkyfI etzwyfrsm;csufjcif;a&mufvmygu tvG,fwulxGufajy;Edkif&ef
ykef;wJrsm;ukdygwnfaqmufxm;&Sd =uonf? rdrdwkd@tokdif;t0kdif;rsm;twGif;
wkd;wufonfhvufqifhurf; owday;pepfrsm;ukdxm;&Sdum &Gmom;rsm;taeESifh
ppfom;rsm;a&muf&SdvmonfESifh yPnf;rsm;tm;xkyfykd;I awmwGif;okd@xGufajy;wdrf;
a&SmifEdkif&efpDpOfxm;onf? ykdrkdvkHðcHonfhykef;atmif;aexkdifEdkifonfhae&mrsm;wGif ae&yf
rSarmif;xkwfcH&onfhrdom;pkwkd@taeESifh uav;rsm;ynma&;twGuf jrefqefpGmausmif;
rsm;jyefvnfaqmufvkyfa&; vkyfukdifEdkif=uayonf? xkd@tjyif ajy;v$m;ae&onfht
usOf;tusyftajctae=um;xJwGif tcsKd@vkdtyfcsufwkd@tm; twkdif;twmtpkHw&m
jznfhpnf;ay;Edkif=uonf? xGufajy;csdefwGif t&H&dQmtaeESifhtvkHtavmuf
ro,faqmifEdkifonfh tjcm;&Gmom;rsm;tm; &Gmom;rsm;tjcif;jcif;
qefa0iSay;=uonf? ykef;wJrsm;&Sdonfht&yfwGif a&&Snfykef;a&Smifae&rnfhtaet
xm;&Sdygu awmif,mpyg;cif;rsm; okd@r[kwf zmvm/ uGrf;oD;ESifh tjcm;oD;ESHwkd@
tm; xGufajy;aexkdif&onfhvlxktwGuf tenf;i,ftm;jzpf wm&Snftxm;cHrnfh
vufawG@ukefoG,fyPnf;rsm;taeESifh &Hzef&Hcgqkdovkd vkyfaqmif=uonf?
obm0ywf0ef;usifrS rd&kd;zvmtodynmrsm;tm; tokH;ðyI &Gmom;rsm;onf
a'oqkdif&m aq;0g;rsm;r&EdkifonfhtajctaewGif obm0xGufypPnf;rsm;ESifhaygif;
pyfI omrefzsm;emaexkdifraumif;jcif;a&m*gwkd@tm; ukpm;Edkif=uonf? etzu
oGm;vmr_ESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fr_tm; uef@owfcsKyfcs,fxm;onfh=um;rS ,m,DESifh
wdwfwdwfykef; ‘awmaps;rsm;’onf ykef;atmif;aexkdif=u&onfh &Gmom;rsm;ESifh
ppfwyftkyfcsKyfa&;e,fajrrsm;&Sd&Gmom;rsm;wdkhtm; a&mif;0,fazmufum;r_
jyKEdkif&ef tajctaeay;tyfxm;onf? armif;xkwfcH&Gmom;rsm;onf a'owGif;
tultnDay;tkyfpkrsm;rSwqifh e,fpyfjzwfausmf aq;0g;rsm;/ ynma&;ESifh
t[m&taxmuftyHhwkd@&&Sd&ef óud;pm;=uonf? jynfolvlxktaeESifh ‚wkd@pGef@
cGmcJhonfh&Gmrsm;&Sd ppfwyfrsm;udkapmihf=unfhI xkdppfa=umif;rsm;xGufcGmoGm;onf
ESifh owif;ykd@um ‚wkd@&Gm&Sdtdrfajrrsm;wGif jyefvnf odrf;ykdufaexkdif&ef okd@r[kwf
tenf;qkH; xGufajy;pOfusefcJhonfh ypPnf;rsm;tm;jyefvnfo,f,l&efvkyfaqmif=uo
nf?
qufpyfpOf;pm;=unhfygu etz. jynfolvlxktay:xdrf;csKyfacgif;ykHjzwfa&; tm;xkwf
r_ESifhpyfvsOf;I &Gmom;wkd@taejzifh xkdxdrf;csKyfr_udkqef@usifa&;/ b0&yfwnfa&;/
usef;rma&; / ynma&;ESifh tjcm;vlr_a&; tultnDay;pDrHudef;rsm;tm; ppftkyfc
sKyfa&;jyifywGifóud;yrf;r_wkd@rSm jrifhrm;onfhEkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_wpfckjzpfvmonfukd
awG@&ayrnf? xkdokd@aom ae&yfrSarmif;ESiftxkwfcHtokdif;t0kdif;wkd@tm;
us,fjyef@pGmtultnDay;tyfjcif;onfvnf; EkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_wpfckjzpfvmonf?
tultnDay;pDrHudef;rsm;onf jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;tm; ykef;atmif;
&Sifoef&ef taxmuftulay;aeonfhtwGuf ppftkyfcsKyfolwkd@. jynfolwkd@
tay:xdrf;csKyfa&;vkyfaqmifr_tm; wkduf&kdufpdefac:r+_zpfaeonfhtjyif
etzuvnf; xkdtultnDukd rvkdrkef;xm;onfhtjrif&Sdaeayonf?armif;xkwf
cH&onfhjynfolwkd@. (ppfwyf.aESmuf,Sufr_rsm;tm;qef@usifa&;vkyfaqmifcGifh )
tcGifhta&;ukdtodtrSwfðyjcif;onf r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonfh ‚[email protected]
vuQ%mrsm;yifjzpfonf? ,if;&Gmom;wkd@tm; etztkyfcsKyfa&;atmufwGif&Sdonfh
&Gmrsm;wGif jyefvnfae&mcsxm;&ef/ jyefvnftajccs&efESifh
jyefvnfaygif;pyfa&;ar#mfvifhI etz.vrf;a=umif;rsm;rSwqifh tultnDay;aeonfh
jyifyrS0ifa&mufvkyfaqmifaer_u etztm;tiftm;
ykdrkd}uD;rm;vmapI xkd&Gmom;wkd@tm; tiftm;ykdI
,kwfav#mhaprnfjzpfonf? E_dif;,SOf=unfhygu jynfol@
tokdif;t0kdif;wkd@tm;wdkuf&dkuf ppftkyfcsKyfa&;jyifyvrf;a
=umif;rsm;rS tultnDay;tyfjcif;onf ,if;&Gmom;wkd@
taejzifh ppfwyfESifhqufpyfaexkdifonfh&Gmom;wkd@xufykdI
tiftm;aumif;aprnfjzpfonf?
aus;&Gmukd,fpm;ðytzGJ@vGefcJhonfhESpftenf;i,ftwGif; jrefrmEkdifiH
aus;vufa'orsm;. vltcGifhta&;tajctaersm;tm;
EkdifiHwum*&kxm;r_rsm;ykdrkdrsm;jym;vmonfhtcg
&Gmom;wkd@tm; todynmenf;yg;I u,folrJh
‘om;aumifrsm;’ taeESifh ta&;ay;apmifha&Smufr_
ðy=uonfhtjyif &Gmom;wdkhtaejzifh ‚wkd@.
vkdtyfcsufrsm;tm;vnf; azmfxkwfwifjy=uonf?
u&ifvltcGifhta&;tzGJ@ Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG ) .uruxjzifh a'ocHvlxkESifhðyvkyfcJhonfh
axmifESifhcsDonfh vlawG@tar;tajz tifwmAsL;rsm;u jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd
aus;vuf&Gmom;wkd@wGif ,if;tajctaersm; wkd;wuf&efrnfonfhaqmif&Gufr_
rsm;vkdtyfonf/ xkd&nf&G,fcsufrsm;tm; rnfokd@vkyfaqmifoifhonfponfh
‚[email protected];aumif;onhftjriftm; &Sif;vif;pGmjyoxm;ayonf? xkd&Gmom;wkd@.
ajymjycsufrsm;tay: wkef@jyef aqmif&GufonfhtaeESifh KHRG u‚.
‘aus;&Gmukd,fpm;ðytzGJ@’ pDrHudef;tm; 2005 ckESpfwGif wifjycJhonf? TpDrHudef;wGif
tcsufESpfckyg0ifonf? yxrtcsuftaeESifh aus;&Gmvlxk&ifqkdif&onfh
aESmuf,Sufapmfum;r_rsm;ESifh xkdaESmuf,Sufr_wkd@tm; ‚wkd@rnfokd@qef@usif
óud;yrf;vkyfaqmifcJh=uonf qkdonfh ukd,fawG@Zwfvrf;rsm;tm; rSwfwrf;xm;a&;ESifh
'kwd,tcsufwGif &Gmom;wkd@tm; ‚wkd@. xkdqef@usifa&;enf;AsL[mrsm;tm;
cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmokH;oyfEdkifItm; aumif;vmapa&;twGuf ulnDyHhykd;ay;a&;wkd@jzpfonf?
rdrdwkd@. aus;&Gmukd,fpm;ðytzGJ@ aqG;aEG;0kdif;wGif KHRG . okawoeðyyk~Kdvfrsm;u
OD;aqmifykd@csolrsm;taeESifh ulnDaqmif&Gufr_+zifh &Gmom;wkd@u ‚wkd@. vl@
tcGifhta&;ESifh a'owGif;tjzpftysufrsm;tay:tjrifukdaqG;aEG;cJh=unfhtjyif ‚wkd@tm;
EkdifiHwum. tajccHvl@tcGifhta&;pHxm;csufrsm;ukd&Sif; vif;wifjyum Ttcsufrsm;
urnfokd@‚[email protected]@tajctaeESifh qufpyffaeonfukdaqG;aEG;cJhonf?
‚wkd@vufawG@vkyfaqmifaejyD;jzpfonfh wkef@jyefvkyfaqmifr_tygt0if
vltcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_qef@usifa&;wkd@tm; em;vnfoabmaygufI aqG;aEG;r_
rsm;ðyvkyfEdkif&ef tm;ay;cJhonf? tqkH;wGif a'owGif;vkyfaqmifaeonfhenf;AsL
[mwkd@tm; rnfonfhenf;jzifh wkd;jrSifhaqmif&Gufrnf/ csJhxGifvkyfaqmifrnf/ rnfokd@
taumiftxnfazmfrnfwkd@ukd aqG;aEG;cJhonf? &nf&G,fcsufrSm &Gmom;wkd@tm;
vltcGifhta&;ta=umif; ‘oifay;jcif;’ r[kwfbJ ‚wkd@tm; vl@tcGifhta&;udPta=umif;
ykdrkdowdxm;awG;awmrdap&ef/ ‚wkd@tcGifhta&; rnfokd@&&Sdatmif vufawG@
aqmif&Gufae=uonfqkdonfukd odem;vnfapa&;tultnDay;a&;ESifhh ‚wkd@
enf;AsL[mrsm; ykdrkdtm;aumif;ap&e ftaxmuftulðyaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;ðyvkyf
ay;a&;wkd@jzpfonf? arsSmfvifhcsuftaeESifh Tvkyfief;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;rStpðyI
&Gmom;rsm;tjcif;jcif; ykHrSefaqG;aEG;jcif;/ rnfokd@csOf;uyfvkyfaqmifrnfukd wifjyjcif;ESifh
oifhav#mfonfhenf;opfrsm;tm; azmfxkwfvkyf
aqmifjcif;rsm;jzpfay:vm&ef jzpfonf?&Gmom;trsm;pku ‚[email protected]&;rsm;tm; v
ufawG@&,lonfhukd,fykdifenf;rsm;usifhokH;ygu vlxktaeESifh v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_tpDt
pOfrsm;wGifydkrdkyg0ifvmonfukdawG@&rnfjzpfjyD; xda&mufonfhqkH;jzwfcsufrsm; ukdvnf;
csrSwfvkyfaqmifEdkifrnfjzpfayonf? tjyeftvSeftaeESifh a'ocHESifh EkdifiHwum v_
yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufae=uolrsm;onf &Gmom;rsm;tm; enf;AsL[mcsrSwf
vkyfckdif;ay;onfxuf [email protected],fykdifenf;AsL[mwkd@tm;jzifhom vkyfaqmifvmapa&;
tm;ay;wkdufwGef;r_rsm; udkay;tyfrnfjzpfoonf?
zkd;&Srf;auzef; ([email protected]) onf u&ifvl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@
(KHRG www.khrg.org) . uGif;qif;n$ef=um;a&;rSL;jzpfonfhtjyif ta&S@
jrefrmjynfrS ppfajy;'kQonfa[mif;wpfOD;vnf;jzpfonf? pwDzif[l;vf ([email protected]) onf KHRG .okawoeðyaeolwpfOD;jzpfygonf? KHRG .
0efxrf;tzGJ@0if *seDzm[kduf*sf .tultnDay;r_rsm;tm; txl;aus;Zl;wif&Sdyga=umif;?
u&ifvl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@. tpD&ifcHpmtopfrsm;ESifhywfoufI
www.khrg.org wGif =unfhEdkifygonf?
1 www.khrg.org
awmifil
c&kdiftwGif;
etzxHrS
xGufajy;
=uonfh
armif;xkwf
cH&onfh
&Gmom;rsm;
KHRG
20 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
T emwm&Snfta&;ay:tajctaetwGuf vlom;csif;pmemr_jzifh wkef@
jyefaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;tajcðyXmersm;ESifh tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHrsm;wGif
tajcðyI EkdifiHe,fpyftm; rodromtultnDay;aeonfh Xmersm;tm;vkH;wkd@
rSvmonf? 2006 ckESpfwGif tpkd;&. tultnDay;pDrHcsufrsm;ESifh
a0;vHacgifzsm;onfha'orsm;okd@ EkdifiHwum0efxrf;wkd@. c&D;oGm;vma&; uef@
owfr_rsm;tm; vkdufemaqmif&Guf&ef vrf;n$eftjzpf vlom;csif;pmemonfhtultnD
ay;tyfaeonfh XmeESifh tzGJ@tpnf;wkd@tay: w&m;0ifcsrSwfxm;cJhonf?
xkdtpkd;&pnf;rsOf;rsm;u txl;ojzifh jynfajy;0efxrf;rsm;jzifh
uGif;qif;umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_enf;AsL[mcsxm; vkyfaqmifaeonfh vkyfief;rsm;tm;
wif;=uyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf?
jzpfcsifawmh usOf;ajrmif;onfh vlom;csif;pmemr_vkyfykdifcGifhonf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;
vkyfief;Xmersm;tm; EkdifiH0efxrf;rsm;wkd;wufa&; ESifh vlxktokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&; ykdrkdt"duxm;onfh enf;AsL[mrsm;jzifh
ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;&eftm;ay;onfh tcGifhta&;rsm;&Sdoifhonf? e,fpyfjzwfausmf
tultnDay;a&;pDrHcsufrsm; wGif q,fpkESpfausmftwGif; yxrtqifhtaeESifh
vlxktokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u pwiftaumiftxnfazmf vkyfukdifr_
rsm;aqmif&GufcJhouJhokd@ jynfwGif;tajcðyvkyfief;Xmersm;rS yËdyQ'%fcHpm;ae&onfh
a'orsm;twGif; vlom;csif;pmemr_jzifh wkef@jyefaqmif&Gufr_rsm;onfvnf; ,cktcg
a'ocHvkyf E_difpGrf;wkd@tay: ykdrkdtm;xm;vm&ayonf? EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;onf
,cktcg rSDckdae&onfukdawG@&onf? Oyrm - ppfrufòydifqkdifr_
jzpfyGm;aeonfha'orsm;wGif ajrpmyifjzpfae&onfh csdKKheJ@r_taetxm;tm;
wkdif;wma&;tm; vlxktokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u vlxktwGif;
oabmxm;aumufcHcJh=uonf?
jrefrmjynfta&S@ykdif; qufwkdufyËdyQjzpfyGm;aeonfh a'orsm;wGif rnfokd@
vlom;csif; pmemonfhvkyfykdifcGifh wkd;jrSifhvkyfaqmifa&;vkyfaqmif&rnf[lo
nfhtcsuftay: pdefac:r_wpf&yf&Sdonf? vkyfief;Xmersm;ESifh tpkd;&rsm;tm;
ppftkyfpkESifh aqG;aEG;a&;twGuf a'oE W&tcGifhtvrf;jrSifhwifa&;ESifh
apmifh=uyfppfaq;wif;usyfr_tm; wpfpkHw&mav#mhaygha&;tjyif pepfwusðyvkyfaeonfh
&ufpufr_ESifh aESmifh,Sufapmfum;r_wkd@rS jynfolvlxktm;umuG,fa&;twGuf
rl0g'ykdif;qkdif&maqG;aEG;r_wkd@vnf; vkdtyfaeayonf? ,if;okd@vkdufavsmr_
rsm;tm; vkHðcHr_jzpfapE_difonfhwkdif jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;&Sd tiftm;csdeJ@r_tjzpfqkH;
ajrpmyifvlxktokdif;t0kdif;tm; vufvSrf;rDaprnfht"duvrf;a=umif;rSm e,fpyfjzwf
ausmf0ifa&muf&rnfhtajctaewGifyif&SdaeOD;rnfjzpfonf?
e,fpyfjzwfausmfay;tyfonfhtultnDjynfwGif;tajcðyXmersm;ESifh tzGJ@rsm;u tpkd;&xdrf;csKyfxm;onfh a&$@ajymif;
pcef;rsm;ESifh wkdif;&if;om;typftcwf&yfpJxm;onfh a'orsm;&Sd ykdrdkwnf+idrfonfh
tcsKd@ jynfwGif;ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhtokdif;t0kdif;rsm;tm; vufvSrf;rSD
apmifha&SmufE_difaomfvnf; xkdtultnDtwkdif;twmESifh tcGifhtvrf;wkdhtm;
xdef;csKyfuef@owfcHxm;&OD;rnfjzpfonf? e,fpyfjzwfausmfay;tyfonfht
ultnDu xkda'orsm;wGifomru t"dutm;jzifh etz wkdufuif;rsm;tm;
ykef;atmif;ae&onfh ykdIrwnf+idrfonfh a'orsm;okd@yga&muf&Sdaponf? 2007
ckESpfwGif e,fpyfjzwfausmfay;tyfonfh y%mrajcvSrf;taeESifh tar&duefa':vm 7
oef;cef@tm; toufarG;r_rsm;/ usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_/ ynma&;/ vl@tcGifhta&;/
obm0ywf0ef;usifxdrf;odrf;a&;/ vGwfvyfonfhowif;rD'D,mvkyfief;ESifh tokdif;0kdif;
jyefvnfðypkòyd;axmifa&;wkd@twGuf ykd@aqmif taxmuftyHhay;tyfcJhonf?
e,fpyfjzwfausmfay;tyfonfhtultnD. t}uD;rm;qkH;u¾rSm e,fpyfteD;&Sd
ppfajy;'kQonfpcef;rsm;twGuf tpma&pmaxmufyHhr_ESifh jrefrmjynftwGif;usus
aexkdif=uonfh vlxktokdif;t0kdif;rsm;xH aiGom;v$Jtyfjcif;wkd@ yg0ifonfh
toufarG;r_rsm;tm; axmufyHhjcif;jzpfonf? aiGv$Jay;jcif;. tusKd;tjrwfrsm;wGif
tultnDay;tzGJ@rsm;tm; ‚[email protected];tm; OD;pm;ay;vkyfaqmifonfxuf
tusKd;cHpm;&olrsm;tm;wkduf&kdufcGifhðyr_jzpfapjcif;tjyif EkdifiHa&;yËdyQ
vkdif;rsm;tm;jzwfI pD;yGm;a&;ESifh vlr_a&;qufpyfr_wkd@tm;xdrf;odrf;xm;&Sdrnfh
a0;vHacgifzsm;onfha'orsm;rS aps;uGufrsm;tm; tm;ay;r_vkyfaqmifjcif;jzpfI a&G@
vsm;r_ðy&efvG,fuljcif;/ jrefqefjcif;ESifh vkHðcHpdwfcs&r_&Sdjcif; wkd@yg0ifonf?
tjcm;t"duusonfhu¾ESpfckrSm usef;rma&;ESifhynma&; pDrHcsufrsm;jzpfonf?
jrefrmjynfwGif;tajcðy vlom;csif;pmemonfhtultnDay;tzGJ@rsm;u oifhawmfonfh
etz0ef}uD;Xmersm;tm; enf;ynmykdif;qkdif&m axmufyHhulnDr_ay;ouJhokd@ tcsKd@e
,fpyfjzwfausmfay;tyfonfhtultnDwkd@u wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkwkd@ykdifqkdifonfh
w&m;0if usef;rma&;ESifhynma&;Xmersm;. vkyfE_difpGrf;wkd;jrSifha&; wqifhcH
taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf=uonf? &kd;&m"avhxkH;pHt& arG;zGm;a&;tulyk~Kdvf
rsm;ay;tyfjcif;/ bkef;}uD;ausmif;rsm;ESifh rl}udKuav;zGH@òzd;a&; pDrHudef;rsm;tm;
axmufyHhjcif;wkd@uJhokd@ usef;rma&;ESifh ynma&;twGuf orm;&kd;usr[kwfonfh
csOf;uyfapmifha&Smufr_rsm;jzifh jznfhpGufxm;&Sdonf?
ykdrkdenf;yg;onfh tultnDay;r_twkdif;twmu yËdyQtwGif; tzrf;cH&onfh
jynfolvlxktm; umuG,fa&;ESifh vlxktokdif;t0kdif;jrSifhwifa&;vkyfief;wkd@twGuf
pD;qif;onf? 2007 ckESpf a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;twGif; qifqmrJh owif;rsm;jzef@
jzL;cJh=uonfh vGwfvyfonfhowif;rD'D,mwkd@. ‘jynfol@owif;axmufrsm;’ ouJhokd@
wkdif;&if;om;tokdif;t0kdif;tajccH tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u jrefrmjynfwGif; tajccHvlxkESifh
EkdifiHa&;&ykdifcGifhrsm;tm;zdESdyfr_tm; e,fpyfjzwfausmfI urf;ukefatmif&ufpufonhf
vltcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm;tm; rSwfwrf;ðyvkyfukdifjcif;jzifh qef@usif=uonf?
yËdyQqufvufjzpfyGm;aeaomfvnf; tcsKd@vlxktokdif;t0kdif;wGif vlr_a&;rwnfr_
zGH@òzd;a&;ESifhobm0/ &kyfykdif;ESifh vlr_a&;qkdif&m wefbkd;&Sdonfht&mrsm;tm;
jyefvnfðypkòyd;axmifa&;jzifh ta&;ay:u,fq,fa&;vkyfief;rsm;
jznfhpGufvkyfaqmif&efjzpfE_difajc&Sdonf?
ppftm%modrf;tkyfpk. csKd@wJhonfh EkdifiHa&;t& w&m;0ifr_ay;xm;onfhtwGuf
jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;&Sd ukvor~XmetcsKd@onfyif vrf;n$efpnf;rsOf;taeESifhxm;
&Sdonfh =um;ae0g' . qufpyfr_tm; pdefac:cJh=u&onf? tcsKd@e,fpyfjzwf
ausmfay;tyfonfhtultnDwkd@tm; vkHðcHpdwfcs&apa&;twGuf vufeufukdiftapmifh
ta&SmuftokH;ðya&;onf TtajctwifudPtwGuf tjcm;&_axmifhyifjzpfonf?
vlom;a&;&m nSdE_dif;aqmif&Gufa&;&kH; ukvor~&kH; UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) taejzifh
vlom;csif;pmr_tultnDo,faqmifonfh,Ofwef;taeESifh vufeufudkiftapmifhta
&Smufxm;&Sda&;tm; tajctaetay: c|if;csufxm;vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfa=umif;
vufcHtodtrSwfðyxm;onf? jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif; vufeufukdifyËdyQ. xdckdufr_
jzpfyGm;aeonfha'orsm;. tajctaeu xkdc|if;csuft&vkyfaqmif&rnfh taetxm;
rsm;tm; ykHazmfaeI xkdvufeufukdiftapmifhta&SmuftokH;ðya&;vkdtyfcsuftm;
&Sif;vif;apaeayonf? vGefcJhonfh ESpftenf;i,ftwGif; wlnDonfhtajctaersm;u
tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; vufeufukdiftapmifhta&Smufjzifh
vlom;csif;pmemonfhtaxmuftyHhwkd@tm; tD&wf/ qkdrmvD,m/ csufcsifnmESifh
uifnmajrmufykdif;okd@ ay;ykd@a&;twGuf OD;aqmifcJhonf?
enf;AsL[mykdif;qkdif&mpdefac:r_rsm;jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;twGif; e,fpyfjzwfausmfay;tyfrnfh tultnDay;pDrHcsufrsm;u
xkdtultnDwkd@taeESifh rawmfwqtaeESifh t=urf;zufr_/ aESmuf,Sufapmfum;r_wkd@
a=umifh =uef@=umr_ rjzpfapa&;twGuf enf;vrf;okH;oG,f&Sdonf? yxrtcsuftaeESifh
ykdrkd}uD;us,fonfh pDrHcsufrsm;onf tajccH vlom;csif;pmema&;pnf;urf;rsm; ESifh
av;pm;&rnhf wm0ef,laqmif&Gufr_rsm;&Sif;vif;pGmyg0ifonfh w&m;0ifoabm
wlnDcsufrsm;tay:tajccHonf? xkdoabmwlnDcsufwkd@u oifhav#mfonfh
jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;.
emwm&Snfta&;ay:taetxm;tm;wkef@jyefjcif; xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf,m,Dpkpnf;ulnDa&;tzGJ@
vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;a&;tultnDay;vkyfief;Xmersm; ESifh
tokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;rsm; twlwGJI jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;
ppfrufòydifqkdifr_jzpfyGm;r_trsm;qkH;jzpfaom a0;vHacgifzsm;onfha'orsm;rS vl@
tokdif;t0kdif;rsm;tm; ulnDaxmufyHha&;vkyfaqmif=uonf?
FMR 30 21armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
wkdif;&if;om;twkduftcHygwDtm; a'ocHvlom;jcif;pmemonfhtultnDay;Xme.
vGwfvyfonfhykdifeuftm; tultnDay;ykd@a&;qkH;jzwfcsufcsrSwfpOfwGif w&m;0ifvkHðcHpGm
vufcH&&SdE_difapa&; todtrSwfðyxm;+yD;jzpfonf? Xmersm;taeESifhvnf; EkdifiHwum
vlom;jcif;pmema&;Oya'atmufwGif tpkd;&r[kwfonfh vufeufukdifwkd@
twGif; ‚wkd@rjzpfraevkyf&rnfh wm0eftjzpf *&kxm;tm&kHpkdufa&;ykdrkd jrSifhwif&ef
qwufxrf;ykd; tm;xkwfvkyfaqmif&efvkdtyfonf? 'kwd,tcsuftaeESifh
tultnDay;tyfr_u vufeufukdiftkyfpkwpfckck. aoG;xkd;r_jzifh &Gmom;wkd@
twGuf tysufoabmaqmifonfh *,uf&kdufr_jzpfrjzpf apmifh=uyfxdrf;odrf;&efESifh
aemufykdif; tœ&m,fOD;pm;ay;owfrSwf jcif;ESifh yËdyQoufa&mufr_owfrSwfjcif;?
wwd,tcsufrSm pDrHcsuft& tusKd;cHpm;&&Sdolrsm;ESifh tusKd;cHpm;cGifhr,lolrsm;t
m;vkH;tay: e,fpyfjzwfausmf ay;tyfonfhtultnDwkd@. tusKd;oufa&mufr_.
ykdrkd&Sif;vif;onfhykH&dyftm; &&Sdap&eftwGuf uGif;qif;ppfwrf;aumuf,lcsuf
csrSwfaqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf? xkdppfwrf;rsm;u xda&mufI tðyoabmaqmifonfh
yËdyQavsmhyg;apjcif;ESifh a'owGif; vkyfaqmifE_difpGrf;tjyif +idrf;csrf;a&;twGuf
tcsdwftqufrsm;tm; wkd;jrSifhay;onfh tusKd;oufa&mufr_rsm;tm; cGJjcm;ay;cJhonf?
tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;twGif; pdefac:r_rsm;u owif;tay;t,lESifh jynfwGif;ESifh
e,fpyfjzwfausmfaxmufyHha&; tultnDay;aeonfh yËdyQjzpfonfhESpfbufpvkH;
vlom;csif;pmema&;Xmersm;. wkd;wufjcif;jzpfonf? vuf&Sdumv wnf&Sdaeonfh
aqmif&Gufa&;Xmersm; tenf;qkH;wxyfwnf;jzpfaecsdefwGif vufvSrf;rDapa&;ESifh
xda&mufonfh nSdE_dif;aqmif&Gufr_wkd@twGuf axmufyhHaiGtm; wif;usyfr_rsm;t&
ykdrkdIeD;pyfvmonf? ,kH=unfr_twkdif;twmESifh EkdifiHe,fpyfjzwfausmfvkyfukdif aeonfh
vlom;csif;pmema&;tultnDay;Xmersm;taeESifh vGefcJhonfh ESpftenf;i,ftwGif;
xif&Sm;pGmwkd;yGm;vmcJhonf? okd@aomfvnf; óud;yrf;r_rsm;taeESifh axmufyhHykd@
aqmifa&;tcuftcJrsm; (jynf0ifcGifhADZmrsm;ESifh qifqmjzwfawmufr_tygt0if)/
EkdifiHa&;tœ&m,frsm; (‘tpkd;&owif;ay;olrsm;’ okd@r[kwf ‘olykefaxmufcHtm;ay;
olrsm;’ESifh qufqHjcif;jzifh)ESifh bwf*suftokH;aiGqkdif&mpkd;&drfr_rsm; (&HykHaiGrsm;twGuf
‘t+ydKif’ taetxm;jzifh wnf&Sdaer_)wkd@uJhokd@ qufvufvkyfaqmifaeonfh
zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fr_wkd@tm;ajz&Sif;&ef ykdrkdtm;&Sd&efvkdtyfonf?
tvSL&Sifrsm;twGuf enf;AsL[mpdrfac:r_wpfcku EkdifiHw0Srf;qif;&JiwfrGwfr_
avsmhyg;apa&; pDrHcsufrsm;ESifh jrefrmjynfta&S@ykdif;&Sd ta&;ay:
emwm&SnftDav;qGJaeonfh yËdyQwkd@twGuf &HykHaiGvkdtyfcsuf rnfokd@
aphpyfaqmif&Gufr_vkdtyfonf[lonfh wnf&SdqJjy\emyifjzpfonf? vlOD;a&.
trsm;pktm; c|wfðcHusaponfh q,fpkESpfrsm;pGm nHhjzif;onfhtkyfcsKyfa&;tae ESifh
vlom;csif;pmemonfhta&;ygr_tm; trSefwu,fcsdeJ@aeonfhtkyfpkrsm;twGuf
OD;pm;ay;I xdrf;nSdvkyfaqmif&ef vkdtyfae+yDjzpfonf? EkdifiHa&;ajz&Sif;r_tm;
tcsdefqGJxm;jcif;u e,fpyfjzwfausmfay;tyfaeonfh tultnDay;Xmersm;tm;
ta&;ay:wkef@jyefaqmif&Gufr_rsm;vkyfaqmif&ef uef@owfxm;onfh
a&&Snfr=unfhonfhvkyfaqmifr_yifjzpfonf? xkdtpm; u,fq,fa&;rS ckdifrmonfh
toufarG;r_zG@Hòzd;a&;tultnDtxd rnfonfhtem*wf tull;tajymif;
tvm;tvmu yËdyQ. ESpfbufpvkH;&Sd wkef@jyefvmrnfh vkyfE_difpGrf;. oWmefyifjzpfonf?
wcsdefwnf;rSmyif wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pktokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;
tultnDjzifh EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;taeESifh csdeJ@r_tjzpfqkH;tkyfpkrsm;tm;
jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;wGif qufpyfulnDa&;vkyfaqmifae+yD; tvSL&Sifrsm;ESifh
ukvor~Xmersm;u e,fpyfjzwfausmfay;tyfonfhtultnD twGuf xkda'owGif;
vkyfEd_difpGrf;wkd@tm; todtrSwfðyr_/ axmufyHhr_ r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonf? xkdenf;wl
yËdyQcHpm;ae&onfha'orsm;wGif vlom;csif;pmema&;vkyfykdifcGifhtm;csJ@xGifa&;
t&SdefjrSifhI oHwrefa&;zdtm;ay;vkyfaqmif&efrSm tvGefta&;ygaeayonf?
Taqmif;yg;ukd xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf,m,Dpkpnf;ulnDa&;tzGJ@ (www.tbbc.org) . ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfr_ okawoetzGJ@ ([email protected]) taeESifha&;om;ðypkcJhjcif;jzpfonf? xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf,m,Dpkpnf;ulnDa&;tzGJ@
wGif jrefrmEkdifiHrS 'kQonfrsm;ESifh ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&olrsm;twGuf pm;a&&dQm/
ckdv_Hp&mae&mESifh pm;p&mr[kwfonfhtjcm;ypPnf;rsm;tm; ay;tyfulnDaeonfh
tpkd;&r[kwfonfhEkdifiHwum tzGJ@tpnf; 11 ckwkd@yg0ifonf? ‚pkpnf;ulnDa&;tzGJ@u
ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfjcif;§xGufcGmvm&jcif;ESifh 'kQonf,kdpdrfhxGufvm&jcif;.
tajccHta=umif;&if;rsm;tm; okawoeðyvkyfa&;wGifvnf;yg0ifvkyfaqmifv#uf&Sdonf?
1 ukvor~ EkdifiH (aus;vuf) tzGJ@cGJ/ 2005 ckESpf {+yDv 22 &ufae@ ‘jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; ukvor~Xmersm;tay: enf;AsL[mykdif;qkdif&muef@
owfr_/ &efukef' www.unicef.org/about/execboard/files/Myanmar_UNDAF.pdf2 UN OCHA/ 2001 ckESpf pufwifbmv 14 &ufae@ ‘vlom;csif;pmemonfhtultnDay;,Ofwef;twGuf ppfwyf okd@r[kwf
vufeufukdiftapmifhta&SmuftokH;ðyjcif; - aqG;aEG;csufESifh taESmiftzGJ@uif;onfh vrf;n$efcsufrsm;?'
www.who.int/hac/network/interagency/GuidelinesonArmedEscorts_Sept2001.pdf
ykef;atmif;
aeonfh
ppfajy;
'kuQonf
rsm;
jrefrmjynf
ta&S@ykdif;
a'o/
2007 ckESpf
Com
mitt
ee fo
r Int
erna
lly D
ispl
aced
Ka
ren
Peop
le (C
IDKP
)
22 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
jrefrmEkdfifiHwGif wkd;wufonhfrsKd;qufjyef@yGm;a&;qkdif&musef;rma&; apmifha&Smufr_
vkyfief;rsm; ta&;ay:vkdtyfaeayonf? vlwpfaomif;wGif rdcif 360 [lonfh
arG;zGm;&mwGif cef@rSef;acs rdciftaotaysmufpm&if;u tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;xuf
enf;aeaomfvnf; Tt&nftwGufrSm EkdifiHwGif;&Sd rdcifaoqkH;r_tay:ukd,fpm;ðyonfh
pm&if;rSefr[kwfa=umif; ae&mtESH@tjym;wGif,kH=unfae=uonf?
yËdoawm;tumtuG,ftokH;ðyr_onfvnf; tenf;i,fom&Sd+yD;
rsm;pGmaoma'orsm;twGif; yËdyQjzpfyGm;aeonfha'owGif; aexkdif=uonfh
trsKd;orD;rsm;u acwfrDyËdoawm;qD;umuG,fr_tm; jynfwGif;ajrjyef@a'orsm;wGif
aexkdifonfhtrsKd;orD;rsm;avmuf tokH;ðyjcif;r&Sdonfh taetxm;jzpfykHay:onf?
vltrsm;taeESifh ‚wkd@ae&yfrsm;rSarmif;xkwfcH&jcif; okd@r[kwf b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiH'kQonf
pcef;rsm;rSjyefvmjcif;jzpfyGm;aeonfh &ckdifjynfe,fwGif tdrfaxmif&SdtrsKd;orD;rsm;twG
if; yËdoawm;qD;r_vkyfaqmifjcif;rSm txl;ojzifh enf;yg;vSonf?
jrefrmtpkd;&u ‚[email protected]; 2015aemufqkH;xm;I rDvDeD,rfzG@Hòzd;
wkd;wufa&;yef;wkdif Millennium Deveolopment Goals (MDGs) twkdif;vkyfaqmifaeonfjzpfI rdcifaoqkH;r_ 75 &mckdifE_ef;av#mhcsa&;
(MDG5) onf 2008 ckESpf. OD;pm;ay;vkyfief;jzpfonf? okd@aomf jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd
rsKd;qufjyefyGm;a&;qkdif&musef;rma&;vkyfief;rsm;u yk~Kdvfa&;axmufyHhr_
tay:wnfrSDaeonfhtwGuf aiGay;E_difolrsm;twGufom &&SdE_difonfhapmifha&Smufa&;y
ifjzpfonf? aus;vufa'orsm;wGif uef@owfxm;onfh vkyfief;tcsKd@&SdI txl;ojzifh
e,fpyfa'orsm;wGif nHhjzif;onfhapmifha&Smufr_avmufom &&SdE_difonf?
tpkd;&u MDG5 tm;tav;xm;vkyfaqmifrnf[krlt&qkdaomfvnf;
t"duyËdoawm;aq;tokH;ðyr_tm; t[ef@twm;jzpfaponfu tpkd;&. arG;zGm;E_
ef;wkd;jrSifha&; pwef@xGiftm;ay;r_jzpfonf? r=umrDu EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh
zGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;aumifpDOuUX. rdef@cGef;wGif ‚. qjzpfonfh vlOD;a&wkd;yGm;a&;tm;
‘vlOD;&nfoef;wpf&mpDrHudef;’ (vuf&Sdcef@rSef;vlOD;&nf.ESpfqeD;yg;)tm; OD;wnfI
pwef@xGif &nfn$ef;ajymqkdoGm;cJhonf? xkd@a=umifh yËdoawm;qD;umuG,fr_u
tpkd;&usef;rma&;Xmersm;wGif us,fjyef@pGmr&&SdE_difjcif;jzpfI yk~vduaqmif&Gufr_
onfom yËdoawm;qD;umuG,fr_twGuf t"duaxmufyHhr_ay;jcif;jzpfa=umif;
owif;&&Sdonf? txl;ojzifh TumuG,fr_onf yk~vduu|rf;usifolrsm;ESifh
yk~vduaq;cef;rsm; &SdE_difonfhtaetxm;enf;yg;I EkdifiHwumtzGJ@
tpnf;tenf;tyg;avmufom apmifha&Smufa&;vkyfief; azmfaqmif E_difonfh
yËdyQa=umifh xdckdufcHpm;ae&onfh jynfe,frsm;ESifh e,fpyfa'orsm;&Sd trsKd;orD;rsm;eSifh
txl;oifhawmfayonf? xm0pOfrdom;pkpDrHudef;enf;rsm;vkyfaqmif &ef
wif;usyfonfht[ef@twm;rsm;vnf;&Sdfonf?
rdom;pkpDrHudef;tultnDay;Xmersm;r&Sdonfhtcg trsKd;orD;rsm;taeESifh i,f&G,f
vGef;onfhtcsdefwGifuav;,ljcif;/ uav;wOD;ESifhwpfOD;tcsdefeD;uyfpGm ,ljcif;/
uav;rsm;pGm,ljcif;ESifh uav;,ljcif;aemufusr_wkd@tm; vkyfaqmifavh&Sdonf?
Tonfwkd@rSm rdcifESifhuav; aoqkH;&jcif;tœ&m,fjzpfyGm;r_tm;ay;&m
t"duta=umif;&if;av;ckjzpfonf? jynfhpkHr_r&Sdonfh rdom;pkpDrHudef;onfvnf;
r&nf&G,fbJ ukd,f0ef&&Sdjcif;rsm;jzpfyGm;jcif;okd@OD;wnfI vkHðcHpdwfcs&r_r&Sdonfh ukd,f
0efzsufcsjcif;tusKd;w&m;tm; jzpfay:ayrnf? EkdifiHwumESifh EkdifiHawmfXmersm;pGm.
tm;xkwfaqmif&Gufr_rsm;=um;rS tdyfcsftkdifAGD HIV ae&mtESH@jzpfyGm;r_onf
a'owGif;wGif tjrifhrm;qkH;jzpfonf?
e,fpyf&SdvkHðcHpdwfcs&onfhrsKd;quf
jyef@yGm;a&; qkdif&musef;rma&;Xmersm;
rsKd;qufjyef@yGm;a&;qkdif&musef;rma&;vkdtyfcsufrsm;tm; xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfwGif
vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufaeonfh Xmersm;wkd@u wifjy=uonf? okd@aomf r=umc%taeESifh
pcef;rsm;wGif;aexkdifonfh 'kQonfrsm;xHokd@oma&muf&Sd&ef uef@owfxm;jcif;cH&onf?
1990 aESmif;ykdif;rsm;rSpI odomwkd;wufr_rsm;jzpfay:cJhonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh
ta&;ay:om;zGm;r_apmifha&Smufa&;tm; ,cktcg wpfae@v#ifESpfq,fhav;em&DESifh
wygwfv#if ckESpf&ufpvkH; tqifoifhtaetxm;jzifh pcef;tm;vkH;eDyg;wGif
&&Sdae+yDjzpfonf? okd@aomfvnf; yËdoawm;qD;a&;enf;rsm;tm; tokH;ðyr_onf
tenf;tusOf;om &Sdaeayao;onf? a&m*gul;pufjzpfyGm;r_ESifh aoqkH;r_
twkdif;twmjrifhrm;I vkHðcHr_r&Sdonfh ukd,f0efzsufcsjcif;rsm; tvGefrsm;jym;onfh
twkdif;twmwGif&Sda=umif; =um;od&onf?
vdifqufqHa&;ESifh rsKd;qufjyef@yGm;a&;ynmay;vkyfief;rsm; txl;vkdtyfaeayonf?
'kQonftrsm;pkwGif tajccHyËdoawm;qD;r_enf;vrf;rsm;ESifh rnfokd@
vdift&ul;pufa&m*grsm;ESifh tdyfcsftkdifAGD HIV a&m*gwkd@rS ukd,fwkdifrnfokd@
umuG,frnf qkdonfhtay: A[kokw tenf;i,fom&Sdonf? txl;ojzifh
trsKd;orD;i,fwkd@onf tm;EGJ@=uI xkdif;EkdifiHtaemufykdif;&Sd jynfhwefqmcef;wpfckckwGif
twif;tusyf tvkyfckdif;apr_cH&rnfh tœ&m,f&Sdaeonf?
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; ae&if;a'orSarmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;ESifh xkdif;EkdifiHESifh
b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHa&muf 'kQonfrsm;wkd@twGuf rsKd;qufjyef@yGm;a&;qkdif&musef;rma&;t
aeESifh vkHavmufonfhapmifha&Smufr_taetxm;ESifh a0;uGmaeayao;onf?
taxmuftyHhESifh u&d,mypPnf;rsm;ulnDay;tyfr_tygt0if �vlom;t&if;tjrpf vkyfE_difpGrf;zG@Hòzd;a&; tultnDay;tyfr_
oifhav#mfonfh rl0g'ESifh n$ef=um;r_rsm;tm; �azmfaqmifjrSifhwifa&; odk@r[kwf jznfhpnf;a&;
jrefrmtpkd;&tm; uav;trsm;}uD;arG;zGm;apa&;tm;ay;onfh pwef@ �xGifvkyfaqmifr_ &Sdaeaomfvnf; rdcifaoqkH;r_av#mhcsa&;twGuf rdom;pkpDrHudef;.
ta&;ygr_tm; todtrSwfðyvmapa&; wkdufwGef;tm;ay;&ef
rl0g'a&;wkef@jyefvkyfaqmifcsuf+Adwdo#tpkd;&onf jrefrmEkdifiHtm; trsm;qkH;taxmuftyHhay;aeonfh EkdifiHrsm;xJwGif
wpfcktygt0ifjzpfonf? uBmhukvor~. Xmersm;ESifh vkyfaqmifaeonfh
‚.Xmejzpfonfh EkdifiHwumzGH@òzd;a&;XmetaeESifh &HykHaiGwkd@taeESifh zdESdyftkyfcsKyfaeonfh
w&m;r0if ppftpkd;&xHokd@ OD;wnfcsufajymif;I a&muf&SdroGm;apa&;twGuf
jrefrmtpkd;&tm;wkduf&kduf tultnDay;jcif;xuf trsKd;om;a&;ESifh
tpkd;&r[kwfonfha'ocHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh qufpyfulnD aqmif&Gufv#uf&Sdonf?
2007 ckESpfwGif +Adwdo#ygvDrmef. EkdifiHwumzGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;aumfrDwD
u EkdifiHwumzG@Hòzd;a&;Xme. xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfwpfav#muf jrefrmEkdifiH
ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;ESifh 'kQonfrsm;tm; ay;tyfonfhtultnDwkd@tm;
ppfaq;I 2007 ckESpf atmufwkdbmwGif t=uHðywifjycsuftm; ykHESdyfxkwfa0cJhonf?
xkdtpD&ifcHpmu vdifykdif;qkdif&mESifh rsKd;qufjyef@yGm;a&;wkd@tygt0if t"duaxmufyHh&ef
vkdtyfaeonfhae&mrsm;tm; rD;armif;xkd;jyxm;onf? attkdif'Dtufpf / wDbDESifh
iSufzsm;wkdufzsufa&; uBmvkH;qkdif&m&HykHaiGtzGJ@}uD;ESifh jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; tdyfcsftkdifAGD
ESifh attkdif'Dtufpf&HykHaiGtzGJ@ ESpfckpvkH;taeESifh tpkd;&r[kwfonfh trsKd;om;ESifh
EkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rSwqifh axmufyHha&;rsm;vkyfukdifa&;vkdtyfcsuftm;
tav;teufpOf;pm;cJhonf? okd@aomf tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rSwqifh
taumiftxnfazmfonfhtcg EkdifiHtwGif; tm;tEGJ@qkH;olwkd@. vkdtyfcsufrsm;tay:
jznfhpnf;E_difonfhtwkdif;twm vkdtyfcsuf. pdefac:r_ukdvnf; todtrSwfðycJhonf?
jrefrmjynfwGif vlwpfOD;csif;pDtwGuf usef;rma&;ESpfpOftokH;pm;&dyfrSm ysrf;r#
qifhig;q,f (a':vm0uf) atmufwGif&Sdonf? a'owGif;&Sd tjcm;ae&mrsm;xuf
jrefrmEkdifiH.usef;rma&;tajctaeuedrfhusaeonfrSm tqef;r[kwfay?
Taqmif;yg;onf rsKd;qufjyef@yGm;a&;qkdif&musef;rma&;. tajctaerSefukd
txl;ðyazmfjyxm;onf?
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;rsKd;qufjyefŒyGm;a&; qkdif&musef;rma&;
aqmif&Gufa&;OD;pm;ay; *|efbmaumif;
FMR 30 23armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
u&ifeDwkdif;&if;om;rsm;taeESifh 2007 ckESpftukefykdif;wGif vlOD;a& 23000
ywf0ef;usif&Sd+yD; xkdif;EkdifiHwGif usef&Sdonfh 'kQonfpcef;rsm;xJwGifaexkdifonfh 'kwd,
trsm;qkH;wkdif;&if;om;tkyfpkjzpfonfhjyif jrefrm'kQonfta&twGuf. 13 &mckdifE_ef;
jzpfonf ? u&ifeD (u,m;) jynfe,f&Sd vl@b0tajctaerSm =um;od&oavmuf
jrefrmjynf.edrfhusonfhtqifhtwef;a&mufonfhwkdif a=umufrufzG,f&mwnf&Sdonf?
u&ifeD'kQonfOD;aqmifr_onf jrefrmppftpkd;&tm; ,ae@wkdif vufeufukdifqef@
usifawmfvSefae=uonfh u&ifeDtrsKd;om;wkd;wufa&;ygwD KNPP . xdrf;csKyfr_
atmufwGif&Sdonf? u&ifeDjynfe,fwGif e,fajrxdrf;csKyfE_difa&;/ obm0t&if;tjrpfESifh
jynfolvlxktwGuf vufeufukdifI tòydiftqkdifv_yf&Sm;ae=uonfh tjcm;vuf
eufukdiftkyfpkrsm;pGmwkd@vnf; &Sdaeonf? jrifhrm;onfhtawG;tjriftaeESifh
r=umc%qkdouJhokd@ ‚.yËdyQESifh jynfolxktay: tusKd;qufrsm;a=umifh qkH;&_H;&jcif;u
b0vrf;wpfckjzpfvmI tqkH;wGif ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&onfh ykHpHtaetxm;okd@
ykd@aqmifcH=u&onf? 1996 rS ouU&mZf 2000 ckESpftxd av;ESpfwmtwGif;
OyrmtaeESifh ppfa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;a=umifh u&ifeDjynfe,fvlxk. 15 &mckdifE_
ef;txufonff ae&yfrsm;tm; pGef@cGm=u&onfhtaetxm;okd@a&muf cJhonf?
1998 ckESpfrSpI 'kQonft&nftwGufwkd;rsm;vmaomfvnf; u&ifeD'kQonfwkd@tay:
tajccHaxmufyHha&;ykHpHyrm%taeESifh vGefcJhonfhESpfESpfq,ftwGif; E_dif; ,SOfr_t&
ajymif;vJcJhonfhtjyif pcef;rsm;aygif;I &kyfykdif;qkdif&m/ Oya'tuef@towfwkd@tm;
e,fpyftm;vkH;&Sd'kQonfrsm;twGuf wif;usyfvkyfaqmifcJhonf?
uBmhukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;. }uD;rm;onfh a&$@ajymif;
ae&mcsxm;a&;pDrHcsuf. xda&mufwkd;wufr_ESifh tcsdef=um&SnfvSonfh xkd'kQonfwkd@.
tajctaewkd@tay:em;vnfonfh csOf;uyfr_wpfckvkyfaqmifonfh tcsdefESifhtnD
aomuAsmyg&ESifh wif;rmr_wkd@vnf; 'kQonfpcef;twGif; wkd;yGm;vmcJhonf?
u&ifeD'[email protected] jy\emrsm;jzifhjynfhESufaeonfrSmtqef;r[kwfonfh
tjyif tusKd;oufa&mufr_taeESifh tzGJhtpnf;rsm; trsm;tjym;ay:aygufvmI
xif&Sm;jrifhrm;onfh pdwfykdif;qkdif&mcHpm;r_ESifh vlr_a&;/ w&m;a&;jy\emwkd@ukd
&SmazGazmfxkwfwifjy=uonf?
‘EkdifiHjyifywGifaexkdif&r_’ ay:aygufvmjcif; ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfcH&r_onf &kyf0wˆKESifh ae&yfa'orsm;tjyif
wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;qufqHa&;wkd@onfyifv#if rvGJ{uef &_yfaxG;ajymif;vJaponf?
ae&mopftwGif; ykHrSef ae&ma[mif;uJhokd@wwfE_difoavmuf oabmxm;I
aexkdif&eftwGuf u&ifeD'kQonfrsm;taeESifh &kyfykdif;qkdif&menf;vrf; rsm;jzifh
&if;ESD;u|rf;0ifapa&;twGuf &SmazGvkyfaqmif&onf? xkdokd@vkyfaqmifjcif;jzifh ‚wkd@
taeESifh &&Sdonfhaexkdif&mae&mwGif qufpyfr_ 2 ckvkyfaqmif&efóud;pm;=uonf (v
uf&Sdaexkdif&m'kQonfpcef;ESifh jynfyokd@oGm;a&mufa&;twGuf aexkdif&efae&m)? xkd@
jyif tcsdeftykdif;tjcm;ESpfck&Sdonf (,ck ae&yfrSpGhefcGmxGuf ajy;&jcif;ESifh aemifwGif
EkdifiHwpfckckokd@ 0ifa&mufaexkdif&ef)? qufpyfr_rsm;u &kd;&m"avhxkH;wrf;rsm;/
0wfpm;qif,ifr_/ tpm;taomufESifh tjcm;ae@pOfb0v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_
rsm; wkd@rSwqifh qufwkduftopfjyefvnfvkyf aqmif=u&jcif;jzpfaponf?
typftemtqm&Sdonfhwkdif wpfae&mtm; oufawmifhoufomjzpfrnfh rdrdwdk@.
tdrftaeESifhcHpm;I rjzpfraezefwD;&jcif;jzpf onfhtjyif yifukd,ftm;jzifh
rnfolESifhqufpyfonf/ olwkd@ukd,folwkd@ rnfokd@jrifcsifonfwkd@tm;
vkyfaqmifaexkdif&jcif;jzpfonf? taxmuftyHhðytzGJ@rsm;rS tultnDr&onfhtcsdefESifh
xkd@twl rEk\aA'ynm&Sifrsm;u 'kQonfwkd@tm; taemufwGifcsefxm;cJhonfh uBmukd
pHðy=uonfhtcsdefwGif 'kQonfrsm;taeESifh r=umc% tawG@tñuHtm;em;vnfr_
vGJapI ykdrkdonf;cHr_ukd &Sif;vif;pGm vufawG@jyovkyfaqmif=u&ayonf?
ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfcH&olwdk@. ,Ofaus;r_tawG@tñuHonf 'kQonfwkd@tm; ‚wkd@
taeESifh &kyfykdif;qkdif&mt& uBmhtpdwfykdif;wGif rnfokd@vkyfaqmif=uonfqkdonfh
taetxm;tay:wGif a&mifjyef[yfonf? Oyrm 'kQonfpcef;wGif;b0onf
,Ofaus;r_&orsm; eifh rnfokd@trSefqkH; okd@r[kwf taumif;qkH;enf; jzifhaexkdif&efESifh
cHpm;&eftwGuf qufpyfonf/ rnfonfhenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh rdrdcsefxm;
xm;cJhonfhtdrftm; trSwf&aejcif;ESifh pdwful;,Of=unfhjcif;u 'kQonfpcef;twGif;&Sd
rnfonfht&mtm; 'kQonfwkd@ tdrftjzpf&SmazGzefwD;cHpm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;tay:
rnfokd@v$rf;rkd;xm;onf/ rnfonfh txl;tokH;taqmifu&d,mrsm;ESifh vufawG@
obm0ywf0ef;usif. vuQ%moGifjyif (&Sdygu) wkd@taeESifh Tvkyfief;pOfrsm;twGif;
ta&;}uD;r}uD;ESifh rnfonfhtwGuf ta&;}uD;jcif; odk@r[kwf ta&;r}uD;jcif;/
'kQonfwpfOD;jzpf&onfhtay: &kyfykdif;qkdif&mt& cHpm;r_u rnfokd@jzpfonfwkd@jzpfonf?
vufawG@uBmESifh vlom;tjyeftvSeftóud;ðyr_ teJqkH; 3 ck&SdI Tonfwkd@
rSm txl;ojzifh ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&onfh u&ifeDvlrsKd;wkd@twGuf
xif&Sm;aeonf? yxrtcsuftaeESifh tdrfrsm;aqmufvkyfjcif;ESifh tjcm;zefwD;r_
vkyfief;pOfrsm;ponfh ,cifuwnf;u&if;ESD;u|rf;0ifxm;onfh &kyfykdif;qkdif&mv_yf
&Sm;r_rsm;tm; jyefvnfvkyfaqmifE_difonfhtcGifhta&;rsm;tm; 'kQonfpcef;wGif
vkyfaqmifE_dif I TvkyfaqmifE_difr_onf ta&;}uD;onfhtcsufjzpfonf? xkd@
tjyif ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfcH&jcif;tay: +iD;aiG@r_ESifh ylyefaomuwkd@tm; ajzazsmufE_dif
onfomru &kyfykdif;qkdif&m vkdtyfcsufwkd@ukdvnf;jznfhpnf;ay;ayonf? ‚wkd@&
if;ESD;u|rf;0ifonfhudP&yfwkd@jzifh oufawmifhoufomjzpfrnfjzpfI tcsdefykdif;jcm;E_d
ifrnf/ xkd@tjyif wpfOD;csif;taeESifh taumif;qkH;vkyfE_difonfh tvkyfrsm;jzifh
tm&kHajymif;E_dif&ef axmufulr_jzpfonf? zGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh
wefbkd;&Sdonfhynmrsm;tm; qufvuftokH;ðyE_dif&ef cGifhðyay;xm;onf? xkd@
tjyif 'kQonfrsm;. wpfrlxl;rnfhtaetxm;ESifh &Sm;yg;onfhtajctaewGif
rodpdwfwGif&Sdaeonfh ,Ofaus;r_A[kokwtm; ukd,fcE<mwnfaqmufykHESifhtnD
tokH;csE_dif&efvnf; tm;ay;r_&Sdonf? ae&yfrStwif;t"Rarmif;xkwfcH&jcif;twGuf
txl;ta&;ygonfh wpfòydifeufxdrf;odrf;qufpyfr_. tjcm;t"dy`g,fjzpfonfh jynfyokd@
oGm;a&mufaexkdifa&;twdwfESifh tjcm; b0pnf;csuftcsKd@ aysmufqkH;jcif;wkd@tm;
taotcsmvkyfaqmifxdrf;uGyfay;aejcif;jzpfonf? trSefrl u&ifeD'kQonfrsm;onf
txnftvdyfrsm;/ csif;awmif;rsm;/ pmoif=um;a&;ESifh tcsuftðywfvkyfief;rsm;
ponfwkd@jzifh tvkyfrsm;aeI Tonfyif ae&yfrSxGufcGmvm&r_tm;ajz&Sif;&ef
t"duusonfh ,E W&m;rsm;jzpfonf?
&kyf0ˆKyPnf;rsm;ESifh &kyfykdif;qkdif&mv_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_wkd@tm; zefwD;ðyvkyfjcif;ESifh
tokH;ðyjcif;wkd@onf ae&yfrStwif;t=uyfarmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;. ðyor#Ek&rnfh
om;aumifb0tajcrSa0;I ‚wkd@. ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfcH&onfhtaetxm; tay:
taumif;qkH;jzwfoef;jcif;ESifh b0opftkd;tdrfopf wnfaqmufjcif;yifjzpfonf?
ESpf&Snfjynfya&muftaetxm;rS tdrftjzpfcHpm;rlpEN&m 'wfav
tvSL&SiftaeESifh vlxktokdif;t0kdif;tajccH tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm;
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; vkdtyfonfh
axmufyHha&;tay:todtrSwfðyjcif;u rl0g'tajymif;tvnf;wpfpkHw&m
csxm;ay;jcif;jzpfonf? wuBmvkH;&Sd ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;taeESifh pcef;wGif;aexkdif
jcif;r&Sdolrsm;ESifh ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;tjzpf todtrSwfðyr_rcH&olrsm;taeESifh
xkdtaxmuftyHhtm; &&SdE_difa&;. jyifywGif&Sdae=uonf?
EkdifiHwumzGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;aumfrDwDu jrefrmEkdifiHtwGuf tultnDav;qwkd;ay;&ef
t=uHðycJhonf? rnfokd@yifjzpfap tvSL&Sifwkd@twGuf pdrfac:r_rSm EkdifiHwGif;ESifh xkd@
xufykdI xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfwGif jzwfausmfvkyfaqmifaeonfh tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;tm; aumif;rGefonfh vkHðcHpdwfcs&onfhrsKd;qufjyef@yGm;a&;qkdif&m
usef;rma&;vkyfief;rsm;tm; xda&mufpGmaqmif&GufEkdifrnfh zGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;vkyfaqmif
rnfholrsm;tm; &SmazGa&;yifjzpfonf?
*|efbmaumif; ([email protected]) onf
+Adwdo#vGwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,ftrwfjzpfI/ jrefrmh'Drkdua&pDa&;
ygwDaygif; pkHv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@. OuUXjzpfonfhjyif +Adwdo#EkdifiH.
EkdifiHwumzGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;aumfrwDtzGJ@0ifwpfOD;vnf;jzpfayonf?
1 www.burmacampaign.org.uk/total_report.html#82 UNFPA, 20073 www.parliament.uk/parliamentary_committees/international_development.cfm4 www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmselect/cmintdev/1070/107002.htm5 http://myanmar.unfpa.org/projects.htm
24 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
'kwd,tcsuftaeESifh "mwfykHuJhokd@aom &kyf0wˆKykHpHrsm;u
twdwfwGifrnfolrnf0gjzpfonf/ trsm;ESifhqkdifonfhtawG@tñuHESifh
xkdtwdwfESifhqufEG,fr_tm;zefwD; &yfwnfE_difonf? vltrsm;wGif "mwfykH
t,fvbrfrsm;&SdI Oyrm 'kQonfpcef;&Sd rdwfaqGrsm;ESifh v_yf&Sm;r_wkd@
yg0ifonfomru ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfrcH&rD ‚[email protected] yk~KdvfESifh
a'orsm;. ta&;ygr_wkd@vnf;yg0ifaeayonf? xkdvl@tokH;taqmifwefbkd;u
'kQonfpcef;wGifqufvufwnf&Sdaer_tjyif yk~Kdvfa&;qkdif&m okd@r[kwf {nfhonf
rsm;vma&mufvnfywf=uonfhtcg twdwftm; jyefvnfowd&&efESifh
jyefvnfajymjy&eftwGuf wufvSrf;&mwpfcktjzpf odrf;xm;=ujcif;wkd@
ESpfckpvkH;jzpfonf?
wwd,tcsufrSm trSwfw&wkd@twGuf ta&;}uD;,mOftjzpftaeESifh
twdwfESifhqufpyfa&;wkd@twGuf "mwfykHESifh tjcm;yk~Kdvfa&;qkdif&mtokH;
taqmifrsm;/ tdrfrsm;tm; rdrdwkd@ESifh &if;ESD;+yD;jzpfonfh ykHpHtwkdif;aqmufvkyfjcif;ESifh
&kd;&mtxnftvdyfwkd@tm; ,ufvkyfjcif;taeESifh u&ifeD'kQonfrsm;tm;
wpfpdwfwykdif;taeESifh teJqkH; ae&mopftm; odrf;ykduf&ef okd@r[kwf ydkifqkdif&ef
taetxm; vkyfaqmifE_difonf? okd@r[kwfygu ‚wkd@taeESifh tdrfwGif csKd@iJhr_wkd@tm;
cHpm;&ayrnfjzpfonf?
T,Ofaus;r_ESifh t&m0wˆKykdifqkdifr_wkd@tay: ykdrkdem;vnfay;jcif;u ykdrkdxda&mufI
pmemr_&Sdonfh tultnDukd 'kQonfwkd@tm; ay;tyfE_difrnfjzpfayawmhonf?
pEN&m 'wfav ([email protected]) onf t*FvefEkdifiH
vufpwmwuUokdvf/ jywkdufavhvma&;wGif tr_xrf;v#uf&Sdonf?
1 ‘jrefrme,fpyf'kQonfaexkdif&mt&yfrsm;ESifh vlOD;&nfyrm%/ 2007 ckESpf Ekd0ifbm’ [lonfh xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf,m,Dpkpnf;axmufyHh
a&;tzGJ@ Thailand Burma Border Consortium . 2007 xkwfjyefcsuf? www.tbbc.org/camps/2007-11-nov-map-tbbc-unhcr.pdf2 vl@tcGifhta&;apmifh=unfha&;tzGJ@ 2007 ‘jrefrm - ppfwyf.wkdufckdufr_a=umifh &maxmifcsDonhf ae&yfpGef@cGmxGufajy;&r_’? http://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/10/25/burma17168.htm
xkdif;EkdifiH
bef@ rkdifEkdifpkd;
'kuQonf
pcef;
trSwf (1)rS
u&ifeD
'kuQonfrsm;
Suth
ep K
ritsa
nava
rin fo
r TBB
C, 2
007
e,fpyfa'oodkha&G@ajymif;vmaom u&ifvlrsdL;rsm;onf [email protected]
qufoG,fjcif;udk qufvufxm;&Sd&eftwGuf wdk;wufqef;opfonfhod`Henf;
ynmrsm;tm;toHk;jyKonfhtjyif edkifiHwumodk@vlhtcGifhta&;csdL;azmufr_rsm;
udkyg azmfaqmifwifjycJhonf?
e,fpyfa'[email protected]=um;qufoG,fr_onf ppfyËdyuQa=umifh
jzpfay:vmaom &ufpuf=urf;=uKyfr_udk u&ifvlrsdL;wdk@u r#a0azmfjy
cJhjcif;ayjzpfonf? tcGifhta&;rsm;taejzifh ae&ma&$@ajymif;jcif;onf
vlhtcGifhta&;csdL;azmufr_udkazmfjyapcJhonf? ‚tajctaeudk e,fpyf
a'orS&Sdaom EdkifiHwumuGef,ufrsm;/ qef;opfaomod`Henf;ynmrsm;u
yhHydk;aqmif&GufcJhonf?
xdktjyif,HkEdkifzG,fr&SdavmufaomtcGifhta&;rsm; jzpfonfh
EdkifiHwumtodkif;t0dkif;rsm; / ukvor~,œ&m;rsm; tygt0if pmemaxmufxm;
=uonfhtpdk;&rsm;ESifh aiGa=u; taxmuftyHhXmersm;rStaxmuftulrsm;&&Sd
jcif;jzpfonf? u&ifvlrsdL;rsm;onf EdkifiHwumuGef,ufrsm;.qufoG,fr_jzifh
vlxk.a&SharSmufwGif ydkrdkxif[yfvmE_difcJhonf? xdk@jyif rdrdwdk@.,Ofaus;r_"avhxHk;
pHESifh e,fajryx0Dtaetxm;udk rdrdwdk@vlrsdL;rsm;ESifhqufpyfr_ay;EdkifcJhonf?
wcsdefwnf;rSmyif u&ifvlrsdL;rsm;onf twwfynmtrsdL;rsdL;udk
oif=um;&,lcJhonf? ‚twwfynmrsm;rSm-&_yfaxG;aomuBmvHk;qkdif&mzGJ@
pnf;wnfaqmufyHkudk nSdE_dif;aqG;aEG;jcif; tygt0if / rwlnDaom,Ofaus;r_
rsm;ESifhqufoG,fjcif;tm;jzifh wdk;wufaomuBmhtodkif;t0dkif;twGif; 0ifa&mufvk
yfaqmifEdkif&efjzpfonf?
qef;opfaomenf;vrf;rsm;jzpfonfh bavmhcfrsm;/ 0uf(bf)qkd'frsm;/
owif;vkyfief;trsdL;rsdL; rsm;rS
u&ifvlrsdL;wdk@. v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;udk uGJjym;jcm;em;aomvlxky&dwfowf twGif;odk@
ydkrdkvufvSrf;rDay;ykd@jcif;onf t"duowif;tcsuftvufrsm;jzpfonf?
u&ifwdkif;&if;om;wdk@. w&m;r#wr_uif;rJhr_tm;em;vnfapa&;
todw&m;udkwdk;jrSifh&eftwGuf pmempdwf&Sdaomvlxk (odk@) [email protected]@
t=uHKESifhwef;wl cH,lxm;onfh vlxky&dwfowftaejzifh pnf;vHk;nDnGwfr_
uGef,ufudkzefwD;ay;rnfjzpfonf?
a&cs,f &Smy,fpf ([email protected]) onf
=opaw;v#EkdifiH rJvfbkef;&Sd RMIT wuUokdvfY yg&*lbGJ@ausmif;oljzpfonf?
olronf xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfwav#mufwGif a&G@ajymif;jcif;a=umifh
u&ifvlrsKd;rsm;onf ‚wkd@. ukd,fykdifjyXmef;csufESifh ,Ofaus;r_taetxm;tay:
rnfokd@tusKd;oufa&mufr_jzpfaponfukd avhvmaeoljzpfonf?
enf;ynmESifh e,fpyfajrrSu&ifvlxk a&cs,f&Smy,fpf
FMR 30 25armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf pcef;ukd;ckwGifaexkdif=uonfh 'kQonfwkd@twGif; rSwfom;p&m
pepfusonfhtaxmuftyHhwkd@tay: rSDckdtm;xm;a&;twGuf wkd;wufr_
wpfck&Sdaeayonf? '[email protected]&Gufr_onf t&dyftm0goESifh
pm;a&&dQmtwGuf ukd,fhtm;ukd,fukd;taetxm;rS vuf&SdwGif xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif;aexkd
if&yfwnf&eftwGuf EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;tm; vkH;0rSDckdae&onfhtaetxm;okd@
a&mufvmonfhtwGuf ‚wkd@oabmus rdrdukd,fukd usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_/
ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh pm;a&&dQma0iSay;a&;wkd@tm; ukd,fwkdifpDrHcef@cGJjcif;wkd@.
vwfwavmtajctaetay: tvkdrusr_rsm;jzpfay:aeayonf?
yxrqkH;rSwfwrf;t& jrefrm'kQonfrsm; xkdif;EkdifiHokd@a&muf&SdvmcJhonf rSm
1976 ckESpfjzpfI ESpfEkdifiHe,fpyftjzpfykdif;jcm;xm;onfh oHvGifjrpfwpfav#muf&Sd
‘ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&olrsm;pcef;’ [kqkdonfh pcef;rsm;pGmwkd@wGif
jyef@=uJ aexkdifcJh=uonf? pcef;rsm;wGif 'kQonfOD;a& 300 rS 2000 txd
ukefoG,fa&mif;0,fr_vkyfukdifaexkdif=uonf? yxrwGif tultnDay;tzG@Jrsm;u
r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonfh aq;0g;rsm;/ umuG,faq;rsm;/ tajccHaq;ynmoifwef;ESifh
usef;rma&;tzGJ@rsm;tjyif wdusonfhtajccH tokH;taqmifwkd@tm;
axmufyHhcJhonf? 80 pkESpfrsm;tv,favmufwGif 'kQonfrsm;taeESifh ‚wkd@.
ukd,fykdif0ifaiGESifh taqmuftOD;rsm;ESifh &dQmaxmufyHhr_wkd@trsm;pkwkd@tm;
qufvufxdrf;odrf;xm;Ed_ifcJh=uonf? jrefrmjynfbufjcrf;wGif ‚wkd@. pyg;cif;rsm;/
toD;t&Gufcif;rsm;ukd pkdufysKd;edkif=uI arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukdvnf; pcef;rsm;twGif;
jrSifhwifvkyfaqmifcJh=uonf? jyifytultnDqkdonfrSm tenf;i,fom&SdjyD; 'kQonfwkd@
taeESifh ‚wkd@bmom pDpOfaqmif&Gufr_ðycJh=uayonf?
1988 aemufykdif; xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif;okd@ 'kQonfOD;a&tajrmuftrsm;a&muf&Sd
wkd;yGm;vmcJhjyD; 1994-95 ckESpfrsm;wGifvnf; xyfrHwkd;rsm;vmcJhum
tusKd;oufa&mufr_taeESifh usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_ay;jcif;/ ckdv_Hae
xkdif&efae&mESifh tpmt[m&/ a&m*gul;pufr_jyef@yGm;r_rsm;tm;a&Smif&Sm;edkif&ef
xdkif;tm%mydkiftpdk;&. tultnDawmif;cHr+_zifh Xmersm;tm;wkd;jrSifhum
tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rSwqifh t"dupDrHudef;cstaumiftxnfazmf
onfh ykdIpepfusonfh vuf0g;}uD;tkyfcsOf;uyfaqmif&Gufr_ vkyfaqmifcJhonf?
xkdXmersm;wGif usefrma&;apmifhusyfr_pepf/ r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonfh aq;0g;taxmuftyHh/
ul;pufa&m*gumuG,fa&;ESifh t"dutjzpftrsm;qkH;a&m*grsm;jzpfonfh 0rf;a&m*g/
iSufzsm;ESifh wDbDukor_/ "gwfcGJcef;oifwef;ESifhXmersm;/ 'kQonfusef;rma&;Xmersm;ESifh
pDrHcef@cGJa&;/ a&oG,fay;jcif;ESifh ygwf0ef;usifoef@&Sif;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wkd@
yg0ifayonf? tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taeESifh 'kQonfrsm; ukd,fwkdifpDrHcef@
cGJr_ukdcGifhrðyawmhonfhtwGuf &dQmtaxmuftyHhESifh aep&mae&mwkd@tm;vnf;
axmufyHh&ef vkdtyfvmayonf? r#wr_r&Sdonfhtaetxm;jzpfvmrnfukd a&Smif&Sm;&ef
twGuf vlom;csif;pmemonfhtultnDrsm;. tqifhtwef;ukd tdrf&Sifxkdif;vlrsKd;
tokdif;t0kdif;wkd@. aexkdifr_tqifhxuf omvGefay;tyfjcif;cGifhrðyay?
1990 aeSmif;ykdif;wGif pcef;rsm;tckdiftrmjzpfvmum ykdrkd}uD;onfh'kQonfpcef;wGif
'kQonf 45000 txdtajccsaexkdifEkdifonftxd jzpfvmonf?
pcef;t&nftwGufrSmvnf; 1994 ckESpfwGif 29 ck&Sd&mrS ouU&mZf 2007 wGif
ukd;cktxdav#mhjccJhonf? vGefcJhonfhig;ESpftwGif; tdrf&Siftpkd;&u v_yf&Sm;r_
xdrf;csKyfxm;jcif;tm; wkd;jrSifhvkyfaqmifcJh&m tusKd;&vm'ftaeESifh 'kQonfwkd@.
tvkyftukdifESifh ynma&;tcGifhta&;rsm; uef@owfr_ESifhtwl pcef;rsm;twGif;
csKyfavSmifxm;jcif;wkd;jrifhvmI ‚wkd@taeESifh tultnDtaxmuftyHhwkd@
tay:wGifom vkH;0rSDckd&vkeD;tajctaeokd@ OD;wnfvmcJhonf? 'kQonfwkd@
twGuf pcef;rsm;twGif;vlom;jcif;pmemonhfulnDaxmufyHha&;tzGJ@ 19 ckteuf
wpfckckESifhtvkyfvkyfjcif; okd@r[kwf pcef;wGif;ae@pm;tvkyfrsm;vkyfukdifjcif;wkd@jzifhom
0ifaiG&&Sdedkif&efjzpfEdkifajc&Sdonf? xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;&/ tvSL&Sifrsm;/ a'ocHESifh
EkdifiHwum tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taxmuftyHhESifh 'kQonfrsm;pGmtm;
avhusifhay;xm;aomfvnf; usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_pDrHcef@cGJa&;/ ynma&;/
pm;a&&dQmay;a0a&;ESifh pcef;pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;&_axmifht& ,cktcg 'kQonftenf;i,fom
TtkyfcsKyfa&;ykHpH.tjyifzufwGif tvkyfvkyfukdifI 0ifaiG&edkifonfhtajctae&Sdonf?
ESpfrsm;pGm=umonfhtcg trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh q,fausmfoufvli,fwkd@.
usef;rma&;ESifhynma&; u&iftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@ESifh u&iftrsKd;orD;rsm;ynma&;tzGJ@wkd@
tygt0if 'kQonftokdif;t0kdif;t
ajccHtkyfpki,ftcsKd@wkd@tm; wnfaxmifI axmufyHhr_&&SdcJhonf? xkdtzGJ@wkd@rSm
tpkd;&r[kwfonfhEkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;eD;yg; vGwfvyfpGm&yfwnfvkyfaqmifae=u
ayonf? ‚wkd@taeESifh uwdtwkdif;vkyfaqmifa&;ESifh &HykHaiGjzpfedkifajctay:rlwnfI
vkyfaqmifae=u&um tpkd;&r[kwfonfhEkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taejzifh
yËdyQa=umifhcHpm;ae&olrsm; yg0ifaqmif&Gufapa&;t,ltqay:wGifvnf;
rlwnfvkyfaqmif=u&ayonf?
T'kQonfxktaeESifh azmfjyygtcsufwkd@a=umifh ESpfpykdif;rsm;twGif;&Sd ykdrkd vGwfvyfonfh
tajctaerS a&G@av#mI taxmuftyHhwkd@tay: vkH;0rSDckd&onfhtaetxm;okd@
a&muf&SdcJh=u&jcif;jzpfonf? usef;rma&;ynma&; vkyfief;rsm;ESifh &dQma0iSay;a&;twGuf
0efxrf;ac:,ljznfhpnf;jcif; 'kQonfwkd@. yg0ifaqmif&Gufr_wkd@av#mhcscH=u&onf
(pDrHcsufrsm; ykHpHcspDrHudef;qGJjcif;xuf aqmif&Gufr_pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;vkyfaqm
ifjcif;)? Tae&mwGif Ttajctaewkd@rS vGefajrmuf&efESifh 'kQonfwkd@&ifqkdifae&onfh
rar#mfvifhxm;onfh&Snfvsm;aom 'kQtaygif;tm; EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;ESifh
vufcHxm;onfhtdrf&Siftpkd;&wkd@taeESifh ykdrkdtav;xm;&ef atmufygtwkdif;vkyfaqm
if&efvkdtyfonf?
pDrHcsufrsm;tpwGif 'kQonfwkd@tm; pDrHudef;qGJjcif;/ ykHpHazmfjcif;wkd@wGif yg0ifap&ef? �
tvkyftukdiftcGifhtvrf;rsm;ay;tyfI ukd,fwkdifjynfhpkHapr_ �jzpfap&efvkyfaqmifI tultnDrDSckdr_avsmhenf;apa&;?
,kH=unfr_wnfaqmufa&;/ pkaygif;vkyfaqmifjcif;tusKd; �tjyif 'kQonfESifh a'ocHtokdif;t0kdif;twGif; aumif;rGefonfh
qufqHa&;jzifh 'kQonfwkd@tm; txD;usefxm;onfxuf pkpnf;r_
jzpfay:a&;tultnDjzpfrjzpf tav;xm;aqmif&Gufjcif;wkd@jzpfonf?
ar&DoD&Dpfbef;em; ([email protected]) onf EkdifiHwum r,fvfwDqmtzGJ@}uD;. (www.malteser.de/61.Malteser_International) tawG@tóuH&ifhusufonfh
usef;rma&;tusKd;aqmifjzpfonf? tm&D; rGefpGwf*sm&efrSm ([email protected]) uBmhusef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_tzGJ@}uD;ESifh jrefrmEkdifiHrSajymif;a&$@0ifa&mufvmo
lrsm;ESifh'kQonfwkd@. usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_udPrsm;twGuf xkdif;EkdifiHbefaumufòrd@
wGif vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufaeoljzpfonf? tuf*fbwf qef;a'gh (egbert.sondorp) onf yËdyuQESifhusef;rma&; tawG@tóuH&Sdynmay;yk~Kdvfjzpfum *|Kdif; awmif;qef; ([email protected]) onf tajccHusef;rma&; *k%fxl;aqmifygarmuQjzpfI
‚wkd@ESpfOD;pvkH; vef'efwukd,f&nfESifhywf0ef;usifoef@&Sif;a&;ESifh tylykdif;a'oxGufaq
;0g;ausmif;wGif wm0eftoD;oD;xrf;aqmifae=uonf (www.lshtm.ac.uk)? Taqmif;yg;wGifazmfjycJhonfh tjrifrsm;rSm txufygtzGJ@tpnf;wdk@ESifh ygwfoufjcif;r&Sdyg?
xdckdufcHpm;ae&onfh vlxk. yËdyQ okd@r[kwf yËdyQvGefuJonfh
tajctaersm;twGuf vlom;jcif;pmemonfhtultnDwkd@tay:
tpDtpOfcsrSwfa&;ESifh taumiftxnfazmfaqmifa&;wkd@wGif (‚wkd@
ukd,fwkdifyg0ifaqmif&Gufr_wkd@tm;) r=umc%vpfv#L&_+cif;cH=u&onf?
'kQonfwkdŒ.yg0ifaqmif&Gufrltm;
vpfv#L&lcH&jcif; ar&DoD&Dpfbef;em;/ tm&D; rGefpGwf*sm&ef/ tuf*fbwf qef;a'ghESifh *|Kdif; awmif;qef;
26 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
&Gmom;rsm;taeESifh &GmvkH;u|wfr#xGufajy;cJh=u+yD; aexkdif&efe,fajrtwGuf
xkdif;tm%mykdifrsm;ESifhnSdE_dif;I "avhxkH;pHt&a&G;cs,fxm;onfh &Gmvl}uD;
rsm;.tdrfywf0ef;usifwGif pcef;wnfaqmufaexkdifcJh=uonf? 'kQonfrsm;
taemuf EkdifiHwGif;xyfrH0ifa&mufvma&;tm;ray;csifonfhoabm okd@r[kwf
jrefrmEkdifiHrSxGufajy;vmonfhvlrsm;udP xifay:vmrnfpkd;onfhtaeESifh
tenf;qkH;ESifh ta&;rygonfhtaetxm;avmufomjzpfonfh apmifha&Smufr_tm;
uefabm'D;,m;/ avmESifh AD,uferf'kQonfrsm;tm; tultnDay;ae=uonfh
tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtultnDay;tzGJ@rsm;tm; Tusa&mufvmonfhudPtm; wkef@
jyefa&;twGuf xkdif;tpkd;&u zdwf=um;cJhonf?
tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u xkdif;EkdifiHwGif;ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&olrsm;t
wGuf nSdE_dif;aqmif&Gufa&;vkyfief;aumfrDwD CCSDPT wGif nSdE_dif;vkyfaqmifaeonfh
tajccHu,fq,fa&;tultnDESifh ulnDa&;vkyfief;rsm;tm; wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd
;pkEkdifiHa&;tkyfpkrsm;cef@xm;onfh 'kQonfaumfrDwDrsm;rSwqifh ay;tyf=uonf?
'kQonfrsm;u ‚wkd@,laqmifvmonfh ykHpHrsm;tm;tokH;ðycJh=uonf? pcef;aumfrDwDrsm;/
usef;rma&;ESifh ynma&;Xmersm;tm; xlaxmifcJh=uonf? *kda'gifrsm;wnfaqmufjcif;
ykHpHESifhpepfrsm;tm; xdrf;odrf;=uyfrwfjcif;ESifh vlr_tokdif;t0kdif;tquftoG,frsm;ukd
w&m;a&;ESifh vlr_zlvkHa&;twGuf wnfaxmifcJh=uonf? tokdif;t0kdif;twGif;&Sd
ausmif;q&mrsm;u ‚[email protected],fykdifbmompum;jzifh oif=um;ay;=uonf?
usef;rma&;Xmersm;u e,fpyfa'owGifjzpfyGm;avh&Sdonfh
a&m*grsm;tm;uko&eftwGuf tokdif;t0kdif;wGif;&Sdusef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm;tm;
oifwef;rsm;ay;cJhonf?
10 ESpftwGif; TykHpHtm;toifhawmfqkH;ykHpHtjzpfawG@&onf? 'kQonfrsm;u
‚[email protected]@pOfb0rsm;tm; apmifha&Smuf*&kpkduf=ujcif;/ xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@u a'
owGif;vkHðcHa&;ukday;tyfjcif;ESifh tpkd;&r[kwfonfh EkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u
tultnDtenf;tusOf;ay;tyfjcif;wkd@ðyvkyfjcif;jzpfonf? xkd'kQonfrsm;onf
e,fpyfteD;wGifwnf&Sdae=uI ‚wkd@.&nf&G,fcsufu tajctaeay;vmonfESifh
jyefoGm;&efjzpfonf? wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;u e,fpyfESifhuyfv#ufa'orsm;tm;
csKyfukdifxm;=uqJjzpfI jzwfausmf0ifa&mufvmonfh e,fpyf'kQonfrsm;ESifh
jrefrmppfwyfrsm;.csDppftm; =um;cHe,fajrtjzpfxm;&Sdonf? ukvor~.
tif'kdcsKdif;em;e,fpyftwGuf nSdE_dif;ay;tyfonfh tjrifhrm;qkH;tultnDrsm;ESifh
t&Sdtwkdif;E_dif;,SOfygu T'kQonfpDrHudef;onf ukefuspm;&dwfESifh
EkdifiHwum0efxrf;rsm;tay: tvGef@tvGefwnfrSDae&ayonf? tu,fI
jrefrmEkdifiHtajymif;tvnf;jzpfygu xkdif;EkdifiHwGif;aexkdif&onfhtwGuf
tawmftwefxdckdufr_r&SdbJ 'kQonfwkd@tdrfjyefE_dif=urnfjzpfonf?
uBmhukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh TumvwGif ysufuGufr_t
}uD;tus,f&SdcJhonf? w&m;0iftumtumtuG,fay;apmihfa&Smuf
onfh vkyfief;pOfr&Sdacs? e,fpyfukdjzwfausmf0ifa&mufvmonfh 'kQonfwkd@u teD;
qkH;'kQonfpcef;okd@0ifa&mufum pcef;aumfrwDtm;ta=umif;=um;I pcef;wGif;
taxGaxGpm&if;oGif;=uonf? tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtultnDay;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u
xkdt&nftwGuftm; vufcHI vkdtyfonfhtultnDay;axmufyHha&;vkyfief;rsm;
tm; vkyfukdif=uonf?
jrefrmhwyfrawmfu wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;wkd@. e,fpyf&Sd arG;&yfa'orsm;tm; wjznf;
jznf;ESifhxdef;csKyfr_&&SdvmI vkHðcHpdwfcs&r_r&Sdonhftaetxm;okd@ a&muf&SdvmcJhonf?
1995 ckESpfrS 1998 ckESpfrsm;twGif; 'kQonfpcef; 12 ckwkd@ wkdufckdufrD;&_d@jcif;cHcJh&jcif;u
xkdif;EkdifiH. rl0g'tm; wpkHw&m ajymif;vJapcJhonf? xdef;csKyf[ef@wm;r_rsm;u ae@
pOftrdef@rsm;jzpfvmI pcef;rsm;e,fpyfESifh a0;uGmonfh
vkHðccHpdwfcs&rnfhae&mrsm;okd@ jzef@cGJoGm;um ,cktcg xkdpcef;rsm;tm;
tckdiftrm jcHcwfxm;&Sd=uonfh taetxm;jzpfvmcJhonf? 'kQonfrsm;taeESifh
ukd,fhtm;ukd,fukd;tajctaerS jyifyrSDckdtm;xm;&onfh vrf;a=umif;ay:okd@
a&mufcJh&awmhonf?
pcef;rsm;taeESifh vlOD;a&ajcmufaxmiftxufjzpfvmonfhtcg aus;&Gm
tokdif;t0kdif;rsm; taeESifh òrd@jy&yf0ef;rsm;okd@ a&$@ajymif;cJh=uonf? xkd@aemuf
,aetcg pcef;wGif;'kQonfOD;&nfrSm ykHrSeftaetxm; t& 17000 cef@jzpfvmonf?
t=uD; qkH;'kQonfpcef;jzpfonfh r,fvpcef;wGif 'kQonf 45000 vufcHxm;&onf?
pcef;jyifywGif tzrf;cH&onfhrnfolukdrqkd w&m;r0if0ifa&mufvmoltjzpf
owfrSwfonf? ckdv_HcGifh&&Sda&;rSm tmrcHcsufr&SdawmhonfhtwGuf ukvor~
'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;tm; r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfvmonf?
CCSDPT atmuf&Sd vkyfief;rsm;ESifh qufpyfaqmif&Gufa&;rsm;
vkyfaqmifaepOf xkdif;ppfwyfu vlopftkyfpkwpfcktm; twif;t=uyfjyefykd@
onfhtcg ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh
umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ESifh apmifh=uyf=unfh&_a&; vkyfykdifcGifhay;xm;onfh
em;vnfr_&&Sda&; oabmwlcsufrl=urf;wpfcktm; tay;t,lvkyfnSdE_dif;cJh=uonf?
xkdif;tm%mykdifrsm;ESifh qufpyfaqmif&Guf&mwGif ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;
}uD;&kH;taeESifh yxrt}udrf pm&if;oGif;jcif;udPrsm;tm; 15 ESpftwGif;vkyfaqmif&ef
pDpOfcJhonf? Ttcsufu vpOf vlOD;&nftwkd;tavsmh wifjyay;onfh
'kQonfpcef;aumfrDwDwkd@twGuf tajymif;tvnf;jzpfapcJhonf? tcsKd@
tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh tvSL&Sifrsm;u aumfrDwDwkd@. wifjyr_
ykHpHrsm;tm; vufrcHaomfvnf; pm&if;oGif;rSwfwrf;wifr_ukd ‚wkd@. wifjyvmonfh
vlOD;a&. 5 &mckdifE_H;twGif; vkyfaqmif=uonf? xkdokd@jzifh pcef;aumfrDwDtm; vufcHE_d
ifr_taetxm; jrifhwufvmcJhonf?
jyefvnfqef;ppfr_atmuf&SdykHpHq,fESpfrl0g'tm; &kd;&mxkH;pHxdrf;odrf;onfhtaeESifh pGufzufr_uif;pGmxm;&Sdonf/
ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&jcif;. xdckdufr_tm; enf;E_difoIenf;aponfhtjyif
vlxktm; jyef&eftwGuf tqifoifhxm;&Sdonf? trSefrSm uBmu0ef;&Hxm;onfh
vlxktm;aemufwGif csefxm;cJhI ‚wkd@qtav#mufqufvufvkyfukdifcGifhay;xm;
jcif;jzpfonf? Ttcsufu ‚[email protected]; tajccHtajymif;tvnf;jzpfa&;
todtrSwfðy&ef usqkH;cJhI usa&mufvmonfhwm0efrsm;tm; jynfh0pGmxrf;aqmifE_dif
rnfht&nftcsif;rsm; vkdtyfvmcJhonf? ‚tpm; ,Ofaus;r_"avhxkH;pHwkd@tm;
xdrf;odrf;xm;onfhtwGuf pcef;wGif;ykdrkdwkd;wufonfh qufvufoGm;vkdonfh
tawG;orm;wkd@ESifh xdyfwkdufjzpfcJhonf?
tokdif;t0kdif;tajccHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;
taxmuftyHhjzifh vkyfief;rsm;tm; xda&mufpGm taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufE_dif&ef
oifwef;ay;tyfcJhaomfvnf; tokdif;t0kdif;wpfckcsif;twGuf us,fjyef@onfhvkdtyf
csufrsm;tm;ajz&Sif;a&; t&nftcsif;rsm;rSm t}uD;tus,fvpfv#L&_cHcJh&onf?
tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ tvSL&Siftokdif;t0kdif;ESifh xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@.
=um;cHtaeESifhtjyif pcef;aumfrDwD/ &yfuGufrSL;rsm;/ trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh vli,ftzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;tm;vkH; jzefajza&;/ aphpyfaqG;aEG;a&;/ twkdifyifcH/ pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;/
pm&if;ukdif/ bmomjyefESifh oifwef;q&mrsm;jzpfvm&ef ar#mfvifhcJhonf? vkdtyfonfh
t&nftcsif;tajccHrSm t}uD;tus,fyifjzpfonf?
EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;tm; ykdrkdawmif;qkdvmonfh wm0efcHr_/
=unfvifr_ESifh vlom;jcif;pmemonfh wkef@jyefaqmif&Gufr_rsm;twGuf
tenf;qkH;jznfhpnf;ay;tyfr_ykHpHrsm;u tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm;
‚[email protected];r_tm; jyefvnfokH;oyf&ef pdefac:cJhonf? pcef;rsm;twGif;
vlopfrsm; qufvuf0ifa&mufvmonfhtcgwGif apmifh=uyfjcif;ESifh pepfrsm;tm;
pH!$ef;xm;&Sdjcif;tm; t"duxm;aqmif&Gufonf? jynfhpkHonfhtaetxm;tm;
trsm;av;pm;onfhtajctaewGif vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifh apmifha&Smufa&;/
t&nftcsif;xdrf;odrf;a&;ESifh apmifh=uyfa&;wkd@twGuftvSL&Sifwkd@vkdtyfonfh
pcef;axmufyHha&;pDrHcef@cGJr_u rukdufrnDjzpfcJh&onf? xkd@a=umifh jyefvnfykHpHcsa&;/
oifwef;rsm;ay;tyfa&;ESifh uBmvkH;qkdif&m vlom;qkdif&m tokdif;t0kdif;ar#mfrSef;csuf
rsm;ESifh tH0if*Gifusjzpfonfh pepfopfrsm;tm; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;
wkd@. &nf&SnfpDrHcsufvkyfief;pOftm; pwifcJhonf? xkdpepfopfrsm;u ,kH=unfr_ESifh
tvGwfoabmwlnDcsufwkd@tm; xdef;nSday;cJhonf? xkdpepfrsm;tm; jiif;y,fr_u
1984 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHrS xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif;okd@ 'kQonf wpfaomif;cef@
,m,Dckdv_Hr_&&Sd&ef jzwfausmf0ifa&mufcJh=uonf? xkdtcsdefurnfolr#
aemuf xyfESpfq,fhig;ESpfwkdifatmif 'kQonfrsm;qufvufa&muf&Sdaernf[k
ar#mfvifhcJh=uonfr[kwfajc?
pcef;vlŒtokdif;t0kdif;tajcðypDrHcefŒcGJa&;pJvD oGefrfqef
FMR 30 27armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
,kH=unfr_usqkH;jcif;ukd !$efjycJhonf? xkd@a=umihf aemifwGif jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;wkd@
tm; vkyfaqmif&ayrnfjzpfonf?
pcef;pDrHcef@cGJa&;pDrHudef;2004 ckESpfwGif xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf,m,Dpkpnf;ulnDa&;tzGJ@ Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) u u&ifESifh
u&ifeD'kQonfaumfrwDrsm;ESifh xkdaumfrDwDwkd@tay:usa&mufvmonfh
rjzpfraeokH; &rnfhtokH;pm;&dwfrSeftm; vufcHrnfh pcef;pDrHcef@
cGJa&;pDrHudef;csrSwfa&;twGuf oabmwlnDr_&cJhonf? axmufyHhr_u tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh
pDrHcef@cGJa&;tokH;pm;&dwfrsm; (Oyrm- &kH;okH;ypPnf;rsm;/ qufoG,fa&;ESifh o,f,lykd@
aqmifa&;) ESifh 0efxrf;vpmrsm; ponfh ae&mrsm;pGmtwGuf t"dutokH;pm;&dwf
vkdtyfaeayonf? 0efxrf;[email protected];twGuf vkHavmufonfh csD;jrSifhr_
raqmif&GufE_difonfomru &HykHaiGrvkHavmufr_u ‚wkd@tm; wefbkd;ESdrfI
qufqHcH&onfhtaetxm; cHpm;&apayonf? pcef;rsm;tm; tcrJhvkyftm;ay;wkd@u
ESpfrsm;pGmqufvufulnDr_jzifh &yfwnfcJh=uonf? aq;0g;tultnDay;vkyfief;
rsm;taeESifh oifwef;ay;xm;onfh 0efxrf;wkd@tm; vpmpwifay;tyfcJhonf?
pcef;ESifh wm0efrsm;tay: 0efxrf;cef@xm;r_ESifh vpmwkd@tm; qkH;jzwfI
w&m;0ifjzpfapcJhonf? xkd@tjyif pcef;.w&m;0ifvkdtyfcsuf/ vkHðcHa&;ESifh "avhxkH;pHESifh
bmoma&;tcef;tem;rsm;twGuf xkdif;tm%mykdifESifh a'ocHtokdif;t0kdif;wkd@ESifh
qufqHa&;taxmuftyHhwkd@ vkdtyfonf?
pcef;pDrHcef@cGJa&;pDrHcsufu ckdv_H&majray;tyfxm;onfh a'ocHvlxktokdif;t0kdif;ESifh
cspf=unfpGmqufqHa&;tay:wGif axmufyHhay;onf? a'ocHtm%mykdifwkd@ESifhquf
qHa&;xdrf;odrf;xm;&Sd&eftultnDay;I TpDrHcsufu tokdif;t0kdif;tajccHonfh
tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_rsm;tm; wzefjyefI tokdif;t0kdif;twGif;
tjcm;olwkd@. toHrsm;tay: tiftm;&Sdap&ef tultnDay;tyfayonf?
vuf&SdwGif trsKd;orD; 28 &mckdifE_ef;u pcef;aumfrwDwm0efrsm;,lxm;=u+yD;
tpm;aomufay;a0r_vkyfief;wGif trsKd;orD;yg0ifr_ tiftm;rSm 35 &mckdifE_ef;txd
wkd;wufvmcJhonf?
tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u CCSDPT rSwqifh nSdE_dif;aqmif&Gufr_
rsm;vkyfaqmif&eftwGuf tpykdif;wGif aumif;rGefpGm wnfaxmifcJhjcif;u
w&m;0ifuGef,ufrsm;ESifh yl;wGJvkyfukdifaeolrsm;taeESpfckpvkH; taeESifh
tajymif;tvJjzpfay:vmapcJhonf? ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;
}uD;&kH;. aemufykdif; 14 ESpfwGif; 'kQonfjy\emrsm;twGif; 0ifa&mufvmr_u
yl;wGJvkyfaqmifrnfholvkdtyfonfhtaetxm;okd@ wkd;jrSifhvmcJhaponf?
tpykdif;wGif taumiftxnfazmfrnfh yl;wGJvkyfukdifrnfholr&Sdjzpfaeum
vma&mufumuG,fapmihfa&Smufrnfhol rsm;pGmtm; pdrf;um;pGmqufqHcJhonfh
xkdif;tm%mykdifrsm;ESifh t}uD;tus,f aqG;aEG;nSdE_dif;cJh&onf? yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifr_.
aumif;usLd;rSm r=umrDxif&Sm;vmcJh+yD; ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;
}uD;&kH;ESifh tumtuG,fay;a&;twGuf oMddXmefcswm0ef,lvkyfaqmifaeo
nfh pcef;tajccHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tygt0if vufawG@uGif;qif;twkdif;twmrS
EkdifiHtwkdif;twmtxd tumtuG,fay;a&;vkyfaqmifaeonfh tzGJ@rsm;wkd@
ukd tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u xlaxmifcJh=uonf? vufawG@
uGif;qif;tumtuG,fay;a&;tm; t"duvkyfaqmifcJh=uaomfvnf;
arG;zGm;r_rSwfykHwifa&;/ w&m;a&;pDrHaqmif&Gufr_ESifh pcef;wGif;vlxk&ykdifcGifh
yXdnmOfwkd@uJhokd@aom csJ@xGifay;tyfvmonfh rl0g'rsm;tm; xkdtcsdefrSpI
pwifaqmif&GufcJhonf? tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@rsm;/ vlxktajcðytzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;/ ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;ESifh xkdif;tm%mykdifrsm;.
tcsif;csif;t=um;rSDckdtm;xm;r_wkd@u pcef;wGif;/ c&kdifwGif;ESifh EkdifiHwGif;usif;yonfh nSdE_d
if;aqmif&Gufa&; tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif ay:vGifxif&Sm;cJhonf? xkdrS nSdE_dif; aqmif&Gufr_
vkyfief;rsm;tm; uav;umuG,fa&;/ ajymif;a&$@ae&mcsxm;a&;/ tvSL&Sifpdwfyg0ifpm;r_
rsm;ESifh taxGaxGowif;rDwifjyr_ ponfjzifh tqifhrsm;ykdif;jcm;vkyfaqmifvmE_d
ifcJhonf?
wnf+idrfonhf cef@xm;r_r&Sdonfh a&&Snf rdrdukd,fukd,kH=unfr_u tdrfwGif;t=urf;zufr_
rStp vli,frsm;*kd%f;zGJ@aESmuf,Sufr_tqkH; vlr_a&;jy\emrsm;wkd;wufvmapI
tjyeftvSeftaeESifh xkdudP&yfwkd@tm;ajz&Sif;&ef t&nftcsif;rsm;ykdrkdvkdtyfvmayo
nf? xkdpcef;rsm;taeESifh Oya'rJhaexkdifonf [kpGyfpGJcHvm&onf? 'kQonfrsm;.wkef@
jyefajymqkdonfu “u|efawmfwkd@rSm u|efawmfwkd@Oya'&Sdw,f// 'gayr,fh =urf;wrf;E_dif
wmaygh” [lIjzpfonf? pcef;w&m;a&;pepfrsm;u xkdif;w&m;a&;0ef}uD;Xme.
yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_jzifh "avhxkH;wrf;Oya'/ EkdifiHawmfESifh EkdifiHwumOya'rsm;nSdE_dif;
vkyfaqmifonfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;jzpfonf?
TnSdE_dif;r_rsm;u t&nftcsif;&mckdifE_ef;ESifh ynmwwfrsm;tvGefenf;yg;onfh
(pcef;wGif;aexkdifol 2 &mckdifE_ef;omv#if txufwef;ynma&;tqifhtwef;&Sdonf)
pcef;wGif; vlom;t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm;vkdtyfvmonf? vkH;0 vlxktokdif;t0kdif;
tajcðy pDrHcsufrsm;ppfppfxm;&Sdrnfqkdygu tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@
rsm;u t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&; taxmuftyHhtm; vlom;csif;pmemonfh
tultnDrsm;ay;tyfa&;twGuf vkdtyfonfh t&nftcsif;rsm;omru ykdrkd}uD;us,f
r,fvtl;
'kuQonf
pcef;/
xkdif;EkdifiH
EC/E
CHO/
J P A
paric
io
28 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
ordkif;a=umif;t& xdkif; jrefrme,fpyfwGif&Sdaom 'kQonfpcef;rsm;udk
=uD;=uyftkyfcsKyfaom xdkif;wm0efcHrsm;taejzifh tcsdL@ jypfr_ odk@r[kwf w&m;rr_
ESifhqdkifaom tjiif;yGm;r_rsm;udk ajz&Sif;&eftwGuf 'kQonfacgif;aqmifrsm;tm;
rSswpGmjzifh=uD;rm;aom wm0efudkcef@tyfay;cJhayonf? odk@aomf =uD;rm;aom&mZ0wfr_
rsm;jzpfonfh vlowfr_ / rk'def;r_ / rl;,pfaq;0g;ESifh vlukeful;r_rsm;ryg0ifay (odk@aomf
azmfjycJhaomjypfr_wkd@ESifhywfoufI vufawG@taetxm;t& xdkif;EdkifiHom;yg0ifaom
jypfr_rSv$JI tr_awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk pcef;acgif;aqmiftaejzifh xdkif;&Jwm0efcHxHodk@
v$Jajymif;ay;cJhjcif; r&SdcJhay)? wcsdefwnf;wGif xifay:r_wcktaejzifh pcef;twGif
;tjiif;tyGm;rsm;udkajz&Sif;a&; ,E W&m;wkd@rSm +yD;jynhfpHkonfh twdkif;twmxuf
edrfhusonfhtaetxm;wGifom&Sdae[k jrifaumif;jrifE_difaomfvnf; xkdvkyfaqmifr_wkd@
tm; vkyfykdifcGifhay;onfhtaeESifh csD;ajrSmufoifhayonf?
pcef;w&m;pD&ifa&;wm0efcHrsm;onf [email protected];t0dkif;twGif; v$rf;rkd;r_&Sdonfh
yk~dKvfrsm;jzpfjyD; r=umc%qdkovdk pcef;twGif;&Sdtjiif;yGm;r_rsm;tm;ajz&Sif;&mwGif
‚wdk@taejzifh tvGef&ifhusufI ta&;ygaom tawG@t=uHKrsm;&SdcJhonf?
jynfxJa&;0ef=uD;Xme (MOI) .tkyfcsKyfr_atmufwGif jcHKiHkjyD;ajymqdk&ygu uef@
owfxm;onfh axmufyHhr_jzifhESifhom oifhawmfovdk pcef;a&;&mrSL;rsm;tm;
r#wpGm=uD;=uyfjcif; / pdefac:r_E_ef;rsm;tm; awG;awmoHk;oyfjcif; ponfwkd@
udk 'kQonfacgif;aqmifrsm; taejzifh =udK;pm;vkyfaqmifcJhayonf? odk@
ae&yfrSa&Ghajymif;cdkif;apjcif; ESifh pcef;wGif;0ifa&mufaexdkifjcif; / axmufyHhr_
enf;yg;jcif; / e,fajra'oESifh a0;uGmIaexdkif&jcif; / wif;=uyfaomoGm;vma&;
ESifh Oya'tcGifhta&;enf;yg;jcif;wdk@a=umifh r=umc% qdkovdk &mZ0wfr_ESifh y
wfoufaom'kQonf”m;pmcHrsm;taejzifh Oya'tcGifhta&;tvkHtavmuf
r&&Sd=uay?
w&m;r#wrltcGifhtvrf;ESifh w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;*sdLt,f [m'if;/ &Sdef;puJvHk;/ a&SmifvD;pf/ umpGef abum ESifh tkdifvDvif;rf
onfhtokdif;t0kdif;ukd,fpm;ðyr_ESifh rdom;pktjiif;yGm;onf a'ocHtm%mykdifwkd@
ESifh aphpyfaqG;aEG;a&;txd ae@pOfay:aygufvmonfh udP&yfrsm;tm;
ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;a&;tay: tiftm;pkdufxkwfr_rsm; wduspGmvkyfaqmif&efvkdtyfonf?
vkHavmufonfh t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&; pDrHcsufrsm;tm; wwd,EkdifiHrsm;okd@
a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;tcGifhta&; ay:aygufvmjcif;u t&SdefjrSifhay;cJhonf?
tokdif;t0kdif;u vkyfaqmifaeonfh pepfrsm;. tusKd;oufa&mufr_u
xif&Sm;onfh pdefac:r_wpfcktm; oufaojyaeayonf? ynmwwf/
t&nftcsif;&SdolESifh ESpftwef=umtawG@tóuH&Sd tokdif;t0kdif;.acgif;aqmifrsm;
ponfh vltrsm;u pDrHcsufrsm;tm; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&ef
wm0ef,lr_u yxrvkyfaqmif&rnfhtcsufjzpfonf? 2008 ESpfrukefrD cef@
rSef;ajc tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@ESifh tokdif;t0kdif;tajccHtzGJ@0efxrf;rsm;tm;
tpm;xkd;jcif;cH&rnfjzpfonf? pufr_t&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonf?
tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@rsm;tm;vkH; uGefjyLwm/ tDar;tifwmeuf/ um;rsm;ESifh
w,fvDzkef; tokH;ðy=uonf? ykdrkdtav;xm;r_tm; pcef;pDrHcef@cGJa&;0efxrf;rsm;tay:
ar#mfvifhxm;onfhtwkdif; wm0efxrf;&GufE_difr_&Sdr&Sd pDppfvkyfaqmifa&;twGuf
xm;&Sdoifhonf? aemufqkH;taeESifh tu,fI 'kQonfrsm;wGif ykdrkdvGwfvyfonfh
v_yf&Sm;r_ESifh 'kQonftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wGif vkyfykdifcGifhwpfpkHw&m&Sdygu ‚wkd@tm;
us,fjyef@onfh vlom;qkdif&mESifh tvSL&Siftokdif;t0kdif;ESifh xdpyfa&; tav;teuf
tcGifhta&;rs m;ykdrkdzGifhay;jcif; jzpfay:vmrnfjzpfonf?
tokdif;t0kdif;tajccHpcef;pDrHcef@cGJa&;u 'kQonfrsm;tm; ‚wkd@ukd,fykdiftajctaetm;
xdrf;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&efESifh wwfE_dif oavmuf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifhtm;
t"duxm;onf? tajctaeu vkH;0vufv$wfxm;onfhtaetxm;rS
EkdifiHwumpHrsm;ESifh vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;tm; vkdufem&efjzpfvmonf? pepfwkd@u
qufvufajymif;vJaeonf? tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taeESifh
'kQonfwkd@vuf0,f&Sdonfh xl;jcm;pGm ajz&Sif;E_difonfht&nftcsif;rsm;tm;
wnfaxmif&efvkdtyfonf? r=umrDumvwGif tdrfjyef&rnfhtaetxm;rSmjzpfE_d
ifajcr&Sdonfhtjyif vlopfrsm;u vkdtyfonfxuf ykdI vlOD;a&xlxyf+yD;jzpfonfh
pcef;rsm;twGif; xyfrHI xlxyfaeonfhtaetxm;wGif tokdif;t0kdif;wkd@taeESifh oifh
av#mfukdufnDonfhtaxmuftyHhwkd@jzifh ae@pOfpcef;b0rSeftm; qufvufukdifwG,fajz
&Sif;=urnfjzpfayonf?
pJvD oGefrfqef ([email protected]) onf xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf,m,Dpkpnf;ulnD
a&;tzGJ@. 'kwd, tvkyftr_aqmif'g&kdufwmjzpfonf? (www.tbbc.org)
1 www.ccsdpt.org
u&ifeD
'kuQonf
aumfrwD
tpnf;
ta0;/
pcef; (1)
rJha[mif
aqmif
c&kdif/
xkdif;EkdifiH
Suth
ep K
ritsa
nava
rin fo
r TBB
C
FMR 30 29armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
aomf pcef;twGif;w&m;a&;udk xda&mufpGmvkyfaqmif&ef ‚wdkk@taejzifh
t&nftcsif;vHkavmufpGmr&Sdonfudk 0efcHcJh=uonf?
‚tajctaersm;rS uif;a0;&ef 2005-2006 ckESpfwGif ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qdkif&m
r[mrif;=uD;&Hk;ESifh EdkifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrDwD (IRC) wdk@u Oya'qdkif&m
axmufyHha&;vkyfief;tm; wdk;csJhvkyfaqmifcJhonf?
xdkif;tm%mydkiftpdk;&taejzifh Tvkyfaqmifr_u tvGeftusdL;&Sda=umif;
rSwfcsufcsum t"duusaom 0efaqmifr_w&yftaejzifh ‚vkyfaqmifr_ukdyHhydk;jcif;ESifh
t=uHOm%fay;jcif;wdk@vkyfaqmifcJhonf? 2006 ckESpf=o*kwfvwGif 0efaqmifr_
aumfrDwDjzpfaom xdkif;tpdk;&Xmersm;tygt0if ukvor~ 'kQonfrsm;qdkif&mr[mrif;
=uD;&Hk; ESifhEdkifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrDwDwdk@onf a'ooHk;ckwGif w&m;a&;ydkrdkaumif;
rGefpGmem;vnf&efESifh xlaxmif&eftwGufoabmwlvufcHcJh=uayonf? ‚wdk@rSm (u) p
cef;olpcef;om;rsm;twGufw&m;a&;ESifh vHkjcHKa&;&Sd&ef (c) 'kQonftodkif;t0dkif;taejzifh
tkyfcsKyfr_ydkif;wGif w&m;r#wr_tcGifhtvrf;ESifh w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;wdk@jzpfayonf?
T w&m;r#wr_tcGifhtvrf;twGuf ppfwrf;aumuf,lr_wGif ajzqkdol 2299
a,mufyg0ifcJhI tcsufusI wdusaom vlawG@ar;jref;jcif;ESifh tzGJ@vkdufaqG;aEG;r_
rsm;wkd@tm; t"duxm;cJhonf?
t"duumuG,fr_taejzifh ay:aygufvmonfh pkd;&drfr_wkd@rSm t&ufESifhrl;,pfaq;0g;okH;I
t=urf;zufjcif; (jrefrmppfom;wkd@vma&mufrnfukd a=umuf&GH@jcif;/ &dQm&&Sda&;twGuf
pGrf;aqmifEdkifpGrf;r&Sdjcif;/ udk,fxdvufa&muft=urf;zufr_ txl;ojzifhrk'def;r_/
wdusaomta=umif;t&mtcsuftvufrsm; enf;yg;jcif;/ ae&yfodk@jyefydk@
aqmifcH&jcif;/ w&m;r#wr_&&Sd&ef tpGrf;tpr&Sdjcif;ESifh xdkif;vHkjcHKa&; (atmapmf)
yg0ifywfoufaomjypfr_wdk@jzpfonf? tcuftcJwkd@tm;ajz&Sif;a&; usef@=umap&ef
tcsdefqGJxm;jcif;ESifh pcef;twGif;vkyf&Sm;r_rsm;tm; xdef;csKyfxm;jcif;tm;jzifh xdkvHkjcHKr_
ESifhumuG,fr_wdk@tm; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jcif;u qef;us,fonfhudPr[kwfay?
wcsdKK@olrsm;/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh pcef;wGif;rS tjiif;tyGm;rsm; udkw&m;r#wpGm ajz&Sif;
&ef rdrdudk,fudkodrfi,fI ,Hk=unfr_enf;jcif;ayjzpfonf? vl@todkif;t0dkif;[email protected]
abmwlnDr_ESifh axmufyHhr_wdk@u tjiif;tyGm;rsm;udkajz&Sif;&eftwGuf tif tm;w&yf
jzpfcJhaomfjim;vnf; ‚[email protected]&m;a&;zGJ@pnf;r_vkyfaqmifjcif;&v'fonfodrfi,faom
pcef;olpcef;om;rsm;twGuftusdK;w&m;jzpfxGef;jcif;r&Sdaomtaetxm;odk@
oufa&mufayrnf?
trsdK;orD;rsm;onf pcef;twGif;&Sdt=urf;zufr_'%fESifh ywfoufIrsm;aomtm;jzifh
jcdrf;ajcmufjcif;cH=u&onf? txl;ojzifh usm;rt=urf;zufr_yif jzpfonf? tdrfaxmif&Sd/
r&SdESifh ywfoufI pcef;twGif;&Sd 'kQonfrsm;tay: vHkjcHKr_t& xdckdufaponf?
vifr,m;uGm&Sif;jcif;/ wuGJpDESifh tdrfaxmifrusao;aom 'kQonfrsm;twGuf
tœ&,fpufuGif;wGif; usa&muf&efydkIvG,fulaponf[k cHpm;&jcif;/ txl;ojzifh
acgif;yHkjzwfcH&jcif;ESifh udk,fxdvufa&muft=urf;zufcH&jcif;rsm;jzpfonf? rkqdk;rrsm;
taejzifh pcef;wGif;tcuftcJrsm;ESifh &ifqdkif&onf[k tpD&ifcHwifjycJha=umif;//
Oyrmtm;jzifh tdrfaxmifOD;pD;a,muFsm;&Sdaom trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifhE_dif;,SOfv#if
rdrdwdk@.&dQm&,l&ef cufcJjcif;jzpfonf?
w&m;r#wr_&Sda&;,Hk=unfr_uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;tay: trsm;pk.vdktyfcsuftaejzifh aqG;aEG;nSdE_dif;jcif;/
avsmfa=u;ay;jcif; odk@r[kwfzsefajzr_&,ljcif;wdk@xuf jypfr_usL;vGefonfhtwdkif;pD&if&ef
&mZ0wfr_ESifhqdkifaom w&m;pD&ifr_pepfonf xda&mufpGmvkyfaqmifEdkifpGrf;&Sd&rnf?
rnfodk@jzpfapumrl txufygtwdkif; vkyfaqmif&ef tcuftcJrsm;pGm&Sdonf?
vltrsm;pkrSm xdkif;w&m;Oya'udk rdrdwdk@taejzifh b,ftcsdefESifh rnfodk@rnfyHktoHk;jyK&
rnfudkod&Sdxm;jcif;r&SdcJhay odk@r[kwf pcef;w&m;Oya'udkaumif;rGefpGmem;
rvnfjcif; ESifh xdkOya'rsm;tay:,Hk=unfpdwfcsr_r&Sdjcif;wdk@jzpfonf? ,ckuJhodk@
todw&m;enf;yg;jcif;a=umifh w&m;Oya'udkvufcHzdk@&eft"dutcuftcJoHk;&yfjzpfay
:aponf? yxrw&yftaejzifh w&m;Oya't& ‚[email protected]&dkufudk xdef;csKyf&ef ESifh
rnfodk@aomw&m;pD&ifa&;udk&,l&ef 'kQonfrsm;twGuftcuftcJjzpfjcif;?
'kwd,tcsufrSm pcef;twGif;ESifhjyifyrSm vdkufem&rnfhOya'tenf;i,fr#om od&Sd
xm;jcif;a=umifh w&m;Oya'udkvdkufem&ef oifhawmfonfha&G;cs,fr_udkrjyKEdkifcJhay?
aemufqHk;tcsuftaejzifh tajccHOya'tcGifhta&; od&Sdr_enf;yg;jcif;a=umifh
'kQonfrsm;taejzifh acgif;yHkjzwft=urf;zufr_tay: w&m;vdkaomfvnf;aumif;
w&m;cH aomfvnf;aumif;r#waomw&m;pD&ifr_&&Sd&ef tm;enf;v#uf&Sdonf?
pcef;w&m;pD&ifa&;. t"dujyomemw&yfrSm pGJcsufavsmufxm;olESifh
pGJcsufcH&oltay: oifhawmfaom w&m;pD&ifa&;enf;vrf;udkay;Edkif&eftpGrf;enf;yg;jcif; /
txl;ojzifh &mZ0wfESifhqufEG,faomjypfr_rsm;jzpfonf? pcef;w&m;pD&ifa&;t&m&Sdrsm;
taejzifh tm%m&Sdaom '[email protected];rdk;jcif;udkvG,fulpGmcH&pjrJjzpfonf? ‚wdk@
taejzifh oifwef;&&Sdr_enf;yg;jcif; ESifh vkyfief;wm0efa=umifh oifhawmfaomw&
m;Oya'pD&ifEdkif&ef ydkrdkcufcJ&_yf axG;aponf? pcef;w&m; pD&ifa&;t&m&Sdrsm;onf
Oya'jyefvnfjyKjyif&ef ta&;ay:vdktyfcsufjzpfa=umif; cGJjcm;Edkifr_r&Sday?
pcef;twGif;uef@owfcsKyfcs,fr_onf wcgw&H w&m;pD&ifa&;t&m&Sdrsm;udk
vlrltodkif;t0dkif;.vdktyfcsufudkay;a0&efcGifhjyKcsufr&&Sday? pcef;tcsKyfwGif;&Sd
toHk;taqmifrsm;onf tusOf;om;xm;&mtcef;ESifhydkrdkwlapjyD;=um&Snf csKyfaESmif&ef
oifhawmfaomae&mr[kwfay? =uD;rm;aomavsmfa=u;ay;aqmif&jcif;onf pcef;
twGif;Yoifhawmfaomt&mr[kwfyg tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf vltenf;i,fpkr#om ay;
aqmifEdkifjcif;a=umifhjzpfonf?
tcsdL@'kQonfrsm;wifjyawmif;qdkr_t& tiftm;enf;tkyfpkjzpfaom trsdK;orD;rsm;/
qif;&Jom;rsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vltenf;pkrsm; twGuf pcef;w&m;a&; zGJ@
pnf;yHkonf ‚wdk@twGuf auseyfzG,faumif;onfh umuG,fr_ ray;Edkifay? jypfr_
jzpfyGm;jyD;aemufydkif; jzpfpOftrsm;pkwGif jypfr_usL;vGefcH&olonf a&G;cs,f&efvrf;r&SdI
jypfr_usL;vGefaomol.teD;em;ywf0ef;usifwGif ESpfESifhvcsDumaexdkif&jcif;jzpfonf?
r_cif;trsm;pkrSm jypfr_usL;vGefoltaejzifh‚wdk@usL;vGefaomjypfr_tvdkuf
xdkufwefaomjypf'%fudkr&&Sdjcif; odk@r[kwf wdusaomjypf'%fcH&jcif;r&SdESifh
v$wfajrmufoGm;jcif;jzpfonf? wpfcsdKK@aomtajctaerSm t=urf; zufr_
udkudkifwG,fajz&Sif;&eftwGuf pcef;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf t&nftcsif;enf;yg;jcif;a=um
ifhESifh jypfr_rsm; udk 'kQonftodkif;t0dkif;twGif;Yom ydkIESpfouf+yD; pcef;twGif;Y&Sdaom
twdkuftcH wdkif;&if;om;tkyfpk udk,fpm;vS,fxHodk@om tr_udkvGJajymif;jcif;wdk@
jzpfonf? wpfcgwpf&H ‚tkyfpkwdk@. vkyfaqmifr_rSm pcef;acgif;aqmifrsm;.pD&ifqHk;jzwfr_
tay: auseyfr_r&Sdaom pcef;wGif;aexdkifolrsm;twGuf &yfwnfay;&effjzpfonf?
tdrf&Siftpdk;&. w&m;a&;zGJ@pnf;r_jyXmef;csufrsm;udk wu,fhvufawG@
wGif vufcHusifhoHk;&ef tcuftcJ&Sdaoma=umifh pcef;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rS
‚[email protected]&Sifrsm;odk@ w&m;r#wr_ay;Edkif&ef =udK;pm;vkyfaqmifv#uf&Sdonf?
avhvmppfaq;r_.pD&ifcHcsuft& pcef;twGif; 'kQonfrsm;.wkef@jyefr_rSm ‚wdk@
taejzifh xdkif;Oya'pepfudkusifhoHk;&mwGif t[ef@twm;trsdKL;rsdL;&Sdonf?
‚tcsufrsm;rSm bmompum;tcuftcJ/ oGm;vma&;tcuftcJ/ wHk@jyefr_
udka=umuf&GH@jcif;paom &[email protected]@jyefr_ESifh Oya'pepfudkem;rvnfjcif;wdk@jzpfonf?
tu,fI‚[email protected]_tcif;udk pcef;jyifyodk@wifjyygu vl@todkif;t0dkif;.jiif;y,fr_
odk@r[kwf &Sufa=umufr_wdk@a=umifhjzpfonf? xdk@tjyif tcsdL@aom pcef;tr_
aqmift&m&Sdrsm;onf tr_tcif;udk pcef;jyifyodk@ajz&Sif;&eftwGuf jiif;y,fI
cGifhjyKvdrfhrnfr[kwfay? tcsdKK@aomxdkif;t&m&Sdtaejzifhvnf; tvkyftajctaea=umifh
odk@r[kwf tvkyfwm0efrsm;a=umifh w&m;pD&ifjcif;udk jywfom;pGmvkyfaqmif&ef
0efav;EdkifzG,f&Sdonf?
pcef;toD;oD;rS tm%m&Sdolrsm;onf ‚wdk@. wm0efESifhtcef;u¾jzpfonfh
jyoemrsm;tm; azmfxkwftajz&Sm&ef tm;enf;+yD; tcsdK@rSm
vkyfief;wm0efxyfae=uonf? pcef;twGif; aexdkifolrsm;onfvnf;
pcef;w&m;pD&ifydkifcGifhESifh xdkif;w&m;a&;pepfwdk@. ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfr_
t=um;&Sif;vif;uGJjym;r_r&Sdyg? Tta=umif;t&m udPESifhywfoufI tpnf;ta0;rsm;ESifh
ndSEdkif;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;t& xdkif;tm%m&Sdolrsm;onf trsdL;om;w&m;
pD&ifa&;pepfudk jyif;xefaom tr_tcif;rsm;. w&m;pGJqdkjcif;rsm;tay:om
tm&Hkpkduftm%moHk;aponf? pcef;w&m;&Hk;udkrl t&yfom;tjiif;yGm;r_jyoemrsm;ESifh
ao;i,fonfhjypfr_rsm;ukdom udkifwG,fajz&Sif;aponf?
rnfodk@yifjzpfapumrl vdktifq.&v'fESifh jzpfEkdifajcwdk@t=um;uGm[r_ &Sdygonf?
pcef;twGif;aexdkifol rsm;onftjiif;tcHkjyoemrsm;. ajz&Sif;&mwGifvnf;aumif;/
vlowfr_uJhodk@jyif;xefaomjypfr_rsm;udkyif pcef;w&m;&Hk;Yom ajz&Sif;=u&efydk
rdkESpfouf=uonf? odk@aomf vlowfw&m;cHrsm;twGuf tcdsK@olrsm; . tjrif
odk@r[kwfwHk@jyefr_rSm ‚tm;oifhawmfaom tjypfay;r_rSm axmif'%f 10ESpfrStxuf
odk@r[kwf ao'%ftxdjzpfonf? ‚uJhodk@tjypfay;r_rsm;udk pcef;w&m;&Hk;pepfrS
rpD&ifEdkifaomfvnf; xkdif;tm%mydkif rsm;. Oya'ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;/ e,fpyfjzwf
ausmfvufeufudkifvlrsdK;pkrsm;. tm%mjzifhaomfvnf; aumif; ajz&Sif;vsuf&Sdonf?
pcef;.tkyfcsKyfr_zGJ@pnf;yHkonfw&m;Oya'twGif; yÉdyQjzpfap/ uav;i,frsm;tm;rk'def;r_
ESifh rk'def;}uHpnfr_ wkd@twGuf pD&if&ef jynfhpHkaomtaetxm;r&Sday? usm;rqdkif&m
30 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
t=urf;zufr_a=umifh aouHra&muf oufraysmuf jyKusifhcH&olrsm;onfyifvsif
wpfcgw&Hw&m;r#wr_ESifh azsmif;zsr_r&ekdifyg? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf pcef;t&m&Sdtr_
aqmifrsm;onf w&m;pD&ifa&;tay: wkef@jyefr_ESifh vkyfay;ekdifpGrf;enf;yg;jcif;
wdk@a=umifh vnf;aumif;/ vlr_todkif;t0dkif;rSvnf; ajyvnfr_ESifhf nSdEdkif;r_udk
a&S;&_aoma=umifhvnf;aumif;/ trsdK;orD;rsm;taeESifh auseyfzG,f&mr&Sdaom
w&m;pD&ifa&; &v'fudk vufcH&efzdtm;ay;cH=u&onf?
xdk@enf;wl tenf;pkjzpfaom vlrsdK;pkrsm;onfvnf; +cHKiHkIem;vnfay;&jcif;/
pcef;w&m;pD&ifa&;ESifh zGJ@pnf;yHk .r#wr_ESifh xda&mufr_ ponfhtrsdK;rsdK;aom
tawG@t}uHKrsm;ESifh&ifqdkif&vsuf&Sdonf? trsm;pkjzpfaom vlrsdK;pkrSvnf; vlenf;pkudk
vGrf;rdk;vsuf&Sdonf?
ed*Hk;csKyf,ckavhvmoHk;oyfcsufrsm;onf 'kQonfpcef;acgif;aqmifrsm;. tkyfcsKyfr_
tm;enf;csuf [krqdkvdkyg? trSef wu,ferlemrsm;pGm&&Sdonfh zsefajzr_wpfavsmuf
toHk;jyKaom xda&mufonfhenf;pOfrsm;jzpfonf ?ESpfOD; ESpfzuf tjyeftvSefem;vnfr_
&&efulnDjcif;jzpfonf? rnfodk@yifjzpfapumrl xdus&Sif;vif;aom vrf;nGefr_
rsm; odk@r[kwf pHE_ef;rsm;r&Sdygu jyoemwpfckrSwpfck }uD;pGmuGm[r_/
zsefajzolESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;t&m&Sd rsm;t=um; uGm[r_&SdaeaytHk;rnf?
pdwfxJYjzpfay:aomt&mum; ,cif'kQonfacgif;aqmifrsm;onf jyifytm;
udk;tm;xm;tenf;i,fom&Sdjcif;/ pcef;twGif;w&m;r#wpGm tkyfcsKyfekdif&ef
taxmuftyHhay;rnfh enf;pepfESifh taxmuftulypPnf;enf;yg;jcif;/
owfrSwfxm;onfhvlr_todkif;t0dkif;wGif jyoemtm; udkifwG,fajz&Sif;&mwGif &_yf
axG;r_ESifh ywf0ef;usifwdk@rS wkef@@jyefumuG,fr_wdk@udk cH&vsuf&Sdonf?
tdkiftm&fpD (EdkifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrwD)taejzifh pcef;twGif;0ifa&muf
vkyfudkifcGifh&onfh tcsdefuwnf;upI t"dutaejzifh avhvmoHk;oyfcsufwGif
azmfjyonfh[muGufr_rsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf?
‚wkd@rSm Oya'ESifhywfoufonfh t}uHay;r_axmufyHHhjcif;/ zsefajzr_ESifh
cHkorm"djzifhpD&ifjcif;qdkif&m acgif;aqmifoifwef;rsm; ay;jcif;/ xdkif;Oya'ESifhywfoufI
wkd;jrSifhoifwef;rsm;ay;jcif;/ vli,frsm;twGuf EkdifiHom;ESifhqkdifaomynma&;/
vHk+cHKa&;t&m&Sdrsm;ESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;twGufvdktyfaom taxmuftulypPnf;rsm;ESifh
enf;ynmrsm;axmufyhHjcif;/ Oya'ESifhf tcGifhta&;qdkif&mwdk@udk xkdif;vHk+cHKa&;vkyftm;
ay;rsm;odk@ oifwef;ay;jcif;ESifh pcef;twGif;&Sd w&m;pD&ifa&;qkdif&m aumfrwDtm;
vlr_todkif;t0dkif;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufr_ESifh tpDtpOfwusaqmif&Guf ay;jcif;vkyfief;rsm;
aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf? odk@jzpfI Tvkyfief;wGif yg0ifvkyfudkif=u&ef urf;vSrf;ol
trsm;tjym;&Sdvm+yD; ‚[email protected];vSrf;r_vufcHvsuf pdwftm;xufoefpGm axmufyHhr_
wkd@ vkyfaqmifvsuf &Sdonf?
*sKdt,f [m'if; ([email protected])onf Oya'taxmuftuljyKXme.
Xmaeudk,fpm;vS,f jzpfonf? &Sdef;puJvHk; ([email protected]) onf EdkifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrwD/ xdkif;EdkifiH (www.theirc.org/where/the_irc_in_thailand.html). Oya'taxmuftuljyKXme.
refae*smjzpfonf? a&SmifvD;pf/ umpGef abum ESifh tkdifvDvif;rf wdk@onf
xkdXme. okawoetvkyfr_aqmiftjzpf aqmif&GufcJh=uonf?
1 ,cifutDwvDtpdk;&ESifhukvor~~'kQonfrsm;qdkif&mr[mrif;=uD;&Hk;rSaxmufyHhcJhonf? ,cktcg ukvor~ 'kQonfqdkif&m
r[mrif;=uD;&Hk;tjyif Austcare\DIAC =opa=w;vsvl0ifr_=uD;=uyfa&;ESifh EdkifiHom;owfrSwfa&;XmerS yl;aygif;axmufyHh=uonf?
w&m;0if
ulnD
axmufyHhr_
ay;tyf
onfh
XmecsKyf
vkyfief;
rsm;ESifh
xkdif;Oya'
tay:
wkd;jrSifh
owdrl
vmapa&;
u¾
aqG;aEG;yGJ/
r,fvpcef;/
xkdif;EkdifiH
IRC
staf
f
FMR 30 31armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
xkdif;EkdifiHwGifrjrif&ol umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;
vkdtyfcsufrSwfwrf;wifjcif; rm*&uf *&if;/ u&if *sufaumhbfqefESifh pENDykdif;
EkdifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrDwD International Rescue Committee (IRC) taeESifh EkdifiHwum umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ESifh
oifhav#mfxkdufwefonfh xkdif;EkdifiHwGifaexkdif=uonfh jrefrmt&nftwGufrSm
odomxif&Sm;vSaomfvnf; ‚wkd@taeESifh ykHrSefrSwfykHwifpm&if; ay;oGif;a&;
vkyfief;pOfwGif yg0ifcGifh r&&Sd=uay? xkdif;EkdifiHwGif;okd@ 0ifa&mufvmonfh
jrefrmvlrsKd;wkd@twGuf =unfvifr_/ t=uifemw&m;ESifh jynfh0onfhckdv_HcGifhay;a&;rl
uif;rJhonfhtaetxm;wGif tajctaetrsKd;rsKd;wkd@jzifh jrefrmEkdifiHrSxGufajy;I
0ifa&mufvmonfh 'kQonftkyfpktwGif; w&m;0if'kQonf&mckdifE_ef;owfrSwf&efrSm
jzpfE_difajcr&Sdonfh udPjzpfonf? rnfonfhtwGuf jrefrmekdifiHrSxGufajy;vm&o
nfqkdonfh ta=umif;jycsufrSwfwrf;rSwf&m csKd@wJhjcif;u xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@
tm; 'kQonfpcef;jyifywGifaexkdifonhf jrefrmvlrsKd;wkd@tm; pD;yGm;a&;t&
0ifa&mufvmolrsm;taeESifhqufqHI jyefvnfESifxkwfcH&rnfh qifajcay;vkyfaqmifr_
wkd@tm; axmufyHhaeonf? xkdif;EkdifiHwGifaexkdifonfh jrefrmwkd@ESifh ywfoufI
tvkyfvkyfae=uonfh XmetzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u ‚wkd@ukd,fpm; ukwftm;taeESifh
axmufcHay;&efrSmvnf; tm;enf;aeayonf?
1988 uwnf;u &mZ0wfr_=uL;vGef&ma&mufonfukd odvsufESifh cGifhðycsufr&&SdbJ
jrefrmEkdifiHom; wpfoef;ausmf EkdifiHwGif;rSxGufcGmcJh=uonf? uBmajray:&Sd zdESdyfnSOf;qJr_
trsm;qkH;EkdifiHxJ&Sd wpfckrS xGufajy;cJh=uonfjzpfaomf jim;vnf; xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd
jrefrmtrsm;pkwGif w&m;0iftodtrSwfðytqifhtwef; r&Sdjcif; odk@r[kwf ,m,D a&$@a
jymif;tvkyform;tqifhtwef;om&Sdjcif;wkd@jzifh aexkdif=u&onf? xkdif;tokdif;t0kdif;ESifh
a0;onfh tpGeftzsm;wkd@wGifaexkdif=uI r=umc% ro<ga=u;ay;I a&mif;pm;cH&jcif;ESifh
acgif;ykHjzwfjcif;wkd@tœ&m,f=um; vkHðcHr_r&Sdonfh taetxm;wGif aexkdif=u&onf?
vufrSwf taxmuftxm;r&Sdonfh EkdifiHjcm;om;tm;vkH; (ckdv_HcGifh&&Sda&;vkdtyfolrs
m;tygt0if) w&m;r0if ckd;0ifvmolrsm;' [k owfrSwfxm;onfh xkdif;EkdifiH. 1979
vl0ifr_ }uD;=uyfa&;Oya'yk'frt& ESifxkwfcH&rnfjzpfonf? xkdif;EkdifiH. jyif;xefonfh
ESifxkwfonfhrl0g'rsm;u 1951 oabmwlnDcsuftm; azmufzsufonfomru
EkdifiHtm;vkH;tm;csrSwfxm;I ckdv_Ha&;&SmazGoltm; tajctjrpf&Sdonfh tajctaewGif
ESdyfpufnSOf;yrf;cH&rnfpkd;&drf&onfh EkdifiHokd@r[kwf ykdifeufokd@ jyefykd@jcif;wm;jrpfxm;onfh
touftœ&m,fESifh vGwfvyfr_tm;csdef;ajcmufaeonfh ae&yftm; jyefvnfrykd@
aqmifa&; pnf;urf;ukdvnf; azmufzsufaeayonf?
tar&duef/ uae'g/ =opa=w;vs/ qGD'if/ aemfa0ESifh tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;u
jrefrmEkdifiHom;rsm;pGmwGif ,kH=unf&avmufI tajctjrpf&Sdonfh ESdyfpufnSOf;yrf;r_
wkd@tm; ekdifiHwum'kQonft"dy`g,fzGifhqkdr_t& jynfhpkHr_&SdI ckdv_HcGifhay;jcif;
okd@r[kwf a&$@ajymif;tajccscGifhðya&;wkd@twGuf qkH;jzwfxm;=uonf? okd@
aomf xkdif;tpkd;&u cGJjcm;owfrSwfr_ESifh 'kQonfrsm;tm;qufqHa&;wkd@tm;
EkdifiHwumw&m;0iftqifhtwef;rsm; twkdif;pDrHcef@cGJa&; vufcHtodtrSwfðya&;tm;
wGifwGifjiif;qkdaeI ,if;tpm; t&Htqifhtwef;ykHpHrsm;ESifh xkdif;EkdifiHwGif;ykdifeuf
usL;vGefr_tjzpf &_jrifjcif; okd@r[kwf owfrSwfcsufrsm;tjzpf trsKd;om;a&;
tusKd;pD;yGm;ESifh qef@usifonhftaetxm;twkdif;tjzpfonf[k tjrif&Sdonf?
1951 oabmwlpmcsKyftm; xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifhvufrSwfxkd;xm;jcif;r&Sdonfomru
'kQonftjzpfowfrSwfa&; uef@owfcsufay;E_difonfh jynfxJa&;Oya'jyXmef;xm;&Sdr_
ESifh w&m;0if'kQonfwkd@wkd;yGm;vmrnfh tcGifhtvrf;ESifh udkfufnDonfh taumif
txnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;vnf;r&Sday? ‘ppfajy;’ jrefrmvlrsKd;wkd@twGuf
‚.e,fpyfwavsmuf rnfumrwWjzpfonfh pcef;rsm;tm; wnfaqmufcGifh
ay;cJhaomfvnf; xkdif;EkdifiHwGif&Sdonfh q,fa,mufwpfa,mufyifr&Sdonfh
jrefrmvlrsKd;t&nftwGufavmufom xkdpcef;rsm;okd@0ifa&mufE_dif=uonf? pcef;rsm;u
wdusonfh vlenf;pktkyfpktm;vkH;ukd csefvSyfxm;I r#wr_enf;yg;I cGifhðya&;bkwftzGJ@
tm; vkyfykdifcGifhtjynfhESifh topfa&muf&Sdvmonfh jrefrmvlrsKd;wkd@tm; ppfaq;cGifhðyr_
rsm; aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf? uBmhukvor~ 'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;}uD;&kH; taeESifh
yk~Kdvfa&;owfrSwfqkH;jzwf aqmif&Gufonfh vlawG@ppfaq;r_wkd@tm; befaumufòrd@
awmfwGif ,cifu aqmif&GufcJhonfh uef@owfr_tajccHabmiftwGif;rS aqmif&Gufr_
rsKd;tm; vkyfukdifaqmif&GufcGifhr&awmhajc?
rSefuefwdusonfh tcsufjzifh ausmaxmufaemufcHtm;ay;r_rsm;twGif; IRC
taeESifh wmhzfpf wuUokdvfrS u&if *sufaumhbfqefESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_t&
xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf a'ookH;ck&Sd 'kQonfpcef;jyifywGif aexkdif=uonfh jrefrmEkdifiHom;wkd@
tay: pm&if;aumufcHr_wpfck csrSwfaqmif&GufcJhonf? xkda'orsm;rSm csif;rkdif
(Zif;r,f)/ r,fa[mifaqmifESifh rJaqmufa'owkd@jzpfonf? xkdaumufcHr_u
xkda'ookH;ck. arG;aopm&if;ESifh vlr_pD;yGm;a&; rl&if;tajctaewkd@. xif&Sm;uGJjym;r_
wkd@tm; azmfxkwfcJhonf? tvsOf;oifhovkderlemðyonfhenf;jzifh ajz=um;rnfholwkd@
tm;a&G;cs,fcJhI vlawG@tifwmAsL;rsm;tm;
(u) jrefrmEkdifiHrStawG@tñuH - tdrfrSxGufcGmcJh&onfhta=umif;/ yËdyQESifhpyfvsOf;onfh
&ufpufr_rsm;tm; awG@ñuH&jcif;&Sdr&SdESifh xkdif;EkdifiHokd@ra&muf&SdrD jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; ppfajy;
'kQonfjzpfcJh&jcif;&Sdr&SdESifh
(c) jrefrmjynfokd@jyefE_difa&; v_yf&Sm;vkyfaqmifr_rsm;/ vlom;jcif;pmemI
ay;tyfvmonfh tultnDrsm;&&Sdr_ESifh xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@. qufqHr_wkd@yg0ifonfh
xkdif;EkdifiHtawG@tñuHwkd@tm; ar;jref;cJhonf?
rdrdwkd@taeESifh jrefrmEkdifiHrSxGufcGmvmcJh&jcif; twGuf ta=umif;jycsufrsm;tm;
av;ckcGJjcm;xm;onf?
yËdyQESifhqufEG,fonfh ta=umif;jycsuf ? ? wkduf&kduf okd@r[kwf �oG,f0kdufonfhenf;jzifh awG@ñuH&onfh &ufpufr_/ ESdyfpufnSOf;yrf;r_/
t"Rvkyftm;ay;apckdif;r_ odk@r[kwf vufeufukdif yËdyQwkd@a=umifh?
pD;yGm;a&;ta=umif;jycsuf ? ? tvkyf&SmazG&efvma&mufjcif; �r#omjzpfonfh pD;yGm;a&;t&if;cHjy\ema=umifh?
ynma&; okd@r[kwf rdom;pka&; ta=umif;jycsuf ? ? aqGrsKd;rsm;&Sd&mokd@ �vkdufvmvkdonfhtwGuf jrefrmEkdifiHrSxGufcJhjcif; odk@r[kwf ‚wkd@.
uav;rsm;ynma&;tcGifhta&; ar#mfvifhcsufa=umihf?
tjcm;ta=umif;jycsufrsm; (txufygudPrsm;rSvGJI) �
jrefrmEkdifiHrStawG@tñuHajzqkdoltrsm;pku xGufajy;cJh&jcif;ta=umif;&if;rsm;pGmukd ajymjycJh=uonf? xkdolwkd@
taeESifh yËdyQESifhqufEG,fonfh ta=umif;jycsufay;ygu rdrdwdk@taeESifh xkdyk~Kdvfwkd@.
pkd;&drfa=umuf&GH@r_tjzpf aumufcsufcsI r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonfh 'kQonfcGJjcm;owfrSwfr_
tpdwftykdif;tjzpf vufcHonf? prf;oyf ppfaq;ar;jref;csufrsm;
vkyfaqmifpOfwGif ajzqkdolrsm;u ‚[email protected]&;tjrifrsm; odk@r[kwf
wdusonfh jrefrmEkdifiHwGifvkyfaqmifcJhonfh v_yf &Sm;r_wkd@tm; etzod&SdoGm;I
usefcJhonfh rdom;pk0ifrsm;tm; 'kQay;rnfpkd;I ajzqkdcsifrS ajzqkdrnfjzpfonfukd
&Sif;vif;oabmaygufvmcJh&onf? Tacgif;pOf&Sd jznfhpGufcsufrsm; xnfhoGif;&mwGif
tajz&Smr_tm;wefbkd;wufaprnfjzpfaomfvnf; vlusifh0wftm; aoGz,fonfh E_dufE_d
ufc|wfc|wf oufaojyr_jzpfonf[k rSwf,lonf? TwGef@qkwfr_jzifh rdrdwkd@&&Sdonfh
tajzrsm;wdrf;acsmfum rdrdwkd@ajymapcsifonfh &ufpufr_ESifh yËdyQtawG@tñuHxuf
‚wkd@u ykdrkdtawG@tñuHykdrsm;onfhtajctae jzpfaeayrnf?
rdrdwkd@.&SmazGr_rsm;u xkdif;EkdifiHwGif w&m;0ifumuG,fapmifha&Smufr_wpfpkHw&mr&Sdonfh
jrefrmvlrsKd; t&nftwGufvGefrsm;aeI ‚wkd@. 'kQonftqifhtwef;tm;
pkHprf;ar;jref;&ef t=uHðycJhonf? xkd@jyif jrefrmvlOD;&nftenf;pkom ckdifvkHonfh
EkdifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrDwD IRC u xkdif;EkdifiHe,fpyfa'orsm;
wGifaexkdifonfh jrefrmvlrsKd;wkd@. tawG@tñuHrsm;tm; rSwfwrf;ðypk&ef
pm&if;aumufcHcsufwpfck csrSwfvkyfaqmifI ‚wkd@taeESifh 'kQonfrsm;tjzpf
EkdifiHwumumuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ESifh xkdufwefonfhtwkdif;tqtm;
tuJjzwfcJhonf?
32 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
'kQonftaxmuftxm;&SdI wqufwnf;jzpfonfh xkdif;tpkd;& odk@r[kwf
EkdifiHwumtultnDay; XmetzGJ@tpnf;wkd@. tultnDESifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_
wkd@ukd trSefwu,f&&Sdol &Sdonf?
xkdawG@&Sdcsufwkd@u xif&Sm;onfhwkdif;&if;om;t&nftwGufESifh bmomt,l0g'rsm;u
xkdif;EkdifiHwGif ay:aygufaeonfh zdpD;ESdyfpufr_wkd@tm; &Snf=umpGm
=uHh=uhHcHae&a=umif; jyocJhonf? Oyrm - csif;rkdifrS ajzqkdol 64 &mckdifE_ef;u
‚wkd@. ,kH=unfonfhbmomw&m;rSm c&pf,efbmomjzpf=uonf? xifxif&Sm;&Sm;
yËdyQ.xdckdufr_cH&onfh a'orsm;wGif jrefrmEkdifiHom;wkd@taeESifh tumtuG,frJh
aexkdifcJh=u+yD;jzpfonfrSm xif&Sm;onf? a'ookH;ckpvkH;wGif trsm;pku jrefrmEkdifiHukd
pGef@cGmvm=u&onfh ajrmufrsm;pGmaom ta=umif;jycsufwkd@tm; ay;cJhonf? okd@
aomf rJa[mifaqmifESifh csif;rdkfifa'oESpfckpvkH;wGif ajzqkdol 50 &mckdifE_ef;ausmfu
apmfum;aESmuf,Sufr_/ t"Rvkyftm;ay; okd@r[kwf zsufqD;cH&jcif; okd@r[kwf
oifhav#mfonfh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;wkd@tm; zdtm;ay;I twif;t=uyfa
jymif;vnf;vkyfckdif;jcif; okd@r[kwf ykdifqkdifr_wkd@tm; aESmuf,Sufodrf;,lr_wkd@a=umifh
xGufajy;vm&jcif;jzpfa=umif; ajymqkdcJh=uonf?
xkdif;EkdifiHokd@vma&muf&jcif;rSm wkdif;&if;om;ta&;ESifhywfoufaea=umif;xif&Sm;
onf? rJaqmufa'owGif ArmvlrsKd;trsm;pku pD;yGm;a&;t& e,fpyfjzwfausmf0if
a&mufcJh=ujcif;jzpfI xkdtxJrS 15 &mckdifE_ef;avmufom jrefrmjynfwGif;yËdyQESifh
qufEG,fI a&mufvm=ujcif;jzpfonf? tjcm; wkdif;&if;om; tkyfpkrsm;u
trsm;tm;jzifh yËdyQa=umifh[k om"ujycJh=uonf? a'owpfckjcif;wGif tu,fI ‚wkd@
ukd,fwkdifESifh tjcm;olrsm;tay:usL;vGefcJhonfh rsufjrifoufaotjzpf &ufpufr_
tawG@tñuHwkd@tm;azmfjycJhI tjcm;jyif;xefonfhn$efjycsuf
taeESifh ‚wkd@taeESifh 'kQonftumtuG,fay;tyfr_wkd@
ESifh xkdufwefa=umif; n$efjy=uonf? &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfr_.
ypfrSwfxm;cH&olrsm;taeESifh rJaqmufwGif 22 &mckdifE_ef;ESifh
r,fa[mifaqmifa'owGif 62 &mckdifElef; &Sdonfhtjyif
‚wkd@u EkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm; ðyvkyfcJhonfhtwGufa=umifh[k
rSwf,lxm;=uonf?
xkdif;EkdifiHtawG@tñuHrsm;xkda'otm;vkH;rS ajzqkdolwkd@. rdom;pk0ifrsm;rSm ‚wkd@
ESifh twl&Sdae=uolrsm;jzpfonf? vlenf;pkomv#if
'kQonfpcef;rsm;twGif; aexkdif=uI a'owkdif;.
vlOD;a& 80 &mckdifE_ef;u rnfonfh ulnDapmufa&Smufr_
ukdr# &&Sdjcif;r&Sd=uay? jrefrmEkdifiHokd@ r=umc%jyefykd@
cH&rnfhta&;u tjcm;ajymqkd=uonfh Zmwdajrwkd@.
tajctaetay: a&$@ajymif;0ifa&mufcJholrsm;.
tajccHa=umuf&GH@r_jzpfonf? r,fa[mifaqmifESifh csif;rkdif&Sd
trsm;pkESifh rJaqmufa'o&Sd vlOD;&nf 52 &mckdifE_ef;u
vkH;0jyefoGm;&ef róud;pm;=uolrsm;jzpf=uonf? csif;rkdifwGif
ajzqkdol 38 &mckdifE_ef;u ‚wkd@jyefvkdonfhq&Sdonfhwkdif
jrefrmjynfokd@jyefoGm;&ef jzpfE_difajcr&Sda=umif; qkdcJh=uonf?
a&G;cs,fcGifh&Sdrnfh ckdifrmonfh&vm'frsm;twGuf
tusKd;pD;yGm;twkdif;twmqkdif&m óud;pm;r_
r,fa[mifaqmifESifh csif;rkdifwkd@rS ajzqkdolwkd@taeESifh
rnfonfha'ookd@jzpfap a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsvkdonfh
q&Sda=umif; azmfxkwfcJh=uonf? csif;rkdifwGif aemifvmrnfh
okH;ESpfwmtwGif; rnfonfhae&mwGif aexkdifvkda=umif;
ar;onfhtcg 44 &mckdifE_ef;u wwd,EkdifiHwpfckckwGifaexkdif
vkda=umif; ESifh 27 &mckdifE_ef;url xkdif;EkdifiHwGifomaevkd=uI
26 &mckdifE_ef;aom ajzqkdolwkd@u jrefrmekdifiHjyefvkda=umif;
ajymcJh=uonf?
t=uHðycsufjrefrmEkdifiHom;wkdif;. ukd,fawG@Zwfvrf;rsm;rSm &Sif;vif;pGm
uGJjym;jcm;em;=uonf? okd@aomf tawG@tñuHrsm;pGmwkd@wGif
wlnDonfh yËdyQa=umifh &ufpufr_/ ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfr_
wkd@a=umifh ae&yfjyefa&;twGuf pkd;&drfa=umuf&GH@=uonfh
csdef;ajcmufr_wkd@tm; a0iScJh=uonf? Ttvm;tvm&Sdonfh
'kQonfwkd@taeESifh EkdifiHwum'kQonftqifhtwef;
ESifhtnD vkHavmufonfh ulnDapmifha&Smufr_ &&Sd&ef
vkdtyfaeayonf? xkd@a=umifh IRC taeESifh atmufyg
t=uHðycsufwkd@tm; wifjyvkdonf?
EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;taeESifh r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonfh apmifha&Smufr_ �rsm;tm; w&m;0if (vuf&SdtodtrSwfðyxm;jcif;r&Sdonfhwkdif) wkd;jrSifh
axmufyHhay;&rnfjzpfonf? xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh wpfOD;wnf;taejzifh
jrefrm'kQonfvlxktm; ykckH;xrf;wm0ef,lr_ ðy&rnfr[kwfay?
xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh (todtrSwfðycHxm;&jcif;r&Sdao;onfh) 'kQonfrsm;u �apmfum;aESmuf,Sufr_/ zrf;qD;r_ESifh ae&yfjyefykd@cH&jcif;wkd@r&SdbJ r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonfh
apmifha&Smufr_wkd@tm; &&SdcHpm;&jcif; &Sdr&Sd wkd;jrSifh pDppfaqmif&Gufay;&ef?
xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh tœ&m,f&Sdonfh yk~KdvftaeESifh OD;pGm ckdv_HcGifh �awmif;qkda&; tcGifhta&;tm; yk~Kdvfa&;awmif;qkdcGifh ay;tyf+yD;onfhwkdif
w&m;r#wr_ESifh wifjyr_vkyfief;pOftwGif; ae&yfokd@jyefvnfykd@
aqmifjcif;rsm;tm; qufvufvkyfaqmifjcif;rðy&ef?
xkdif;EkdifiHu r#wI tcGifhtvrf;&Sdrnfh 'kQonfowfrSwfa&; �vkyfief;pOftm; yk~Kdvfa&;t&‚/ }uD;rm;onhftkyfpkt&‚ w&m;0if'kQo
nftjzpfqkH;jzwfa&;tm; vkyfaqmif taumiftxnfazmf&ef?
xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh todtrSwfðy+yD;'kQonfrsm;. w&m;0iftqifhtwef;tm; �csD;jrSifhxm;I xkdtqifhtwef;. oufaocHtaxmuftxm;ukd ay;tyfxm;&ef?
xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd
jrefrm
a&$@ajymif;
tvkyfor
wpfOD;
IRC-
MD
U
FMR 30 33armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
xkdif;EkdifiHwGif; ckdv_HcGifh&&Sda&;&SmazGaeonfhjrefrmvlrsKd;
rsm; rnfonfht&yfokdh OD;wnf&rnfrod csrf;csrf;vDESifh tpPvm *vkdufpwm
tu,fI jrefrmppftm%modrf;tkyfpk. 2007 ckESpf pufwifbmv &efukef&Sd
+idrf;csrf;pGmqjyolrsm;tay: &ufpufpGmwkef@jyefcJhonfh &vm'ftaeESifh
ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh jrefrmEkdifiHrS ckdv_HcGifh
&&Sda&;vkdvm;olrsm;twGuf pm&if;oGif;a&;udPrsm;tm; jyefvnfzGifhay;cJhonf?
ukvor~ 'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@.
awmif;qkdr_t& jrefrmEkdifiHrSrnfonfh ckdv_HcGifh&SmazGolESifh EkdifiHwum
umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_vkdvm;ol rnfol@ukdrqkd pm&if;ay;oGif;r_ &yfqkdif;xm;cJhonfh
xkdif;EkdifiHwGif;2005 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmvrSpwifcJhonfh ESpfESpfwmuGufvyft+yD; Ttajct
aejzpfay:vmcJhjcif;yifjzpfonf?
2004 ckESpf ZEM0g&Dvwkdif ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;u vkH;0
'kQonftodtrSwfðya&; qkH;jzwfr_ Refugee Status Determination (RSD) tm; jrefrm ckdv_HcGifh&SmazGolrsm;twGuf csrSwfE_difcJhonf? ckdv_HcGifh
ppfaq;a&;vkyfief;pOftm; t}uD;tus,fxdrf;odrf; =uyfrwfxm;vkdonfh
xkdif;tm%[email protected]& 2004 ckESpf ZEM0g&Dvaemufykdif; a&muf&Sdvmonfh
jrefrmEkdifiHrS ckdv_HcGifhav#mufxm;olrsm;taeESihf UNHCR ESifhom pm&if;ay;oGif;r_
ðyvkyfE_difI jzwfykdif;vufrSwf wpfckukd&&Sdxm;onf (xkdtcsdefrSpI ,cktcg
trsm;tm;jzifh ‘vufrSwfukdifaqmifxm;olrsm;’ [lI &nfn$ef;ajymqkd=uonf)?
2005 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmvuwnf;u a&muf&Sdvmolrsm;taeESifh pm&if;oGif;cGifhESifh
rnfonfhvufrSwfrsKd; okd@r[kwf tumtuG,fukdr# &&Sd&ef tcGifhtvrf;r&Sdawmhay?
,cifu vufrSwfukdifaqmifoltkyfpk okH;ck&SdcJhonf? befaumuftajcpkduf/
rJaqmuftajcpkdufESifh uefcsebl&Dc&kdiftajcpkduf'kQonf pkpkaygif; 10887 OD; &Sdonf?
2006 ckESpf pufwifbmvwGif wmhcf c&kdif&Sd pcef;rsm;twGif;okd@ 'kQonfESpfaxmifausmf
a&$@ajymif;cHcJh&I pD&ifpk0ifcGifh}uD;=uyfa&;tzGJ@ Provincial Admissions Board (PAB) [kod=uonfh xkdif;ckdv_Ha&;vkyfief;pOftwGif; xnfhoGif;cH=u&onf?
okd@aomf vuf&Sd vufrSwfukdifaqmifxm;=uolrsm; twGuf UNHCR ESifh
xkdif;tm%mykdifrsm;. qufvuf aqG;aEG;r_rsm; &Sdaeaomfvnf; rnfol@ukdr#
pcef;twGif;okd@ a&$@ajymif;ay;jcif;r&Sdao;ay? 2004 ckESpfpykdif;rSpI ckdv_HcGifh&&Sda&;&SmazGa
eoltrsm;pktaeESifh tumtuG,frJh usef&Sdae&ayonf?
2007 ckESpf pufwifbmv 15 &ufae@wGif UNHCR u &efukefwGif qjyr_ESifh
ywfoufolrsm;twGuf pm&if;ay;oGif;r_rsm;tm; jyefvnfzGifhvSpfay;cJhonf?
okd@aomfvnf; ,cif vufrSwfukdifaqmifxm;olrsm; tkyfpkuJhokd@
xkdvufrSwfopfrsm;taeESifh xkdif;EkdifiHwGif w&m;0iftodtrSwfðyr_r&&Sd
onfhjyif rnfonfh tcGifhta&;rsm;ukdr# tmrcHr_r&&SdcJhay? ‚wkd@taeESifh
UNHCR . rSwfykHwifpm&if; ay;oGif;xm;onf qkdonfhtaetxm;r#om
oufao&Sdonfhtaetxm;jzpfI UNHCR tm;ukd,fpm;ðyI xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@
tm; tzrf;tqD;rvkyf&ef okd@r[kwf ukdifaqmifxm;olwkd@tm; jyefI ESifrxkwf&ef
avmufom tenf;tusOf;vkyfE_difonfhtaetxm;jzpfonf?
vGefcJhonfhESpftenf;i,ftwGif; a&&_'kQonfXme Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) tygt0if EkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u vufrSwfukdifaqmifxm;olESifh
vufrSwfr&Sdolrsm;yg xyfwl 'kQonftodtrSwfðyr_&&Sda&;twGuf EkdifiHom;ppfaq;r_ESifh
e,fpyfa'owpfav#muf&Sd 'kQonfpcef;ukd;cktwGif; 0ifa&mufaexkdifcGifh&&Sda&;wkd@
tm; t=uHay;vkyfaqmifcJh=uonf? t=uHðyr_rsm;u xkdif;tpkd;&tm; xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif;
rSwfykHwifxm;onfh ckdv_HcGifhav#mufxm;olrsm;tm; ,m,DaexkdifcGifhðy&efESifh
ukvor~ESifh tjcm;u,fq,fa&;Xmersm;taeESifh xkdolrsm;tm; taxmuftul
ay;E_difa&; cGifhðyay;&efwkd@jzpfonf? UNHCR ESifh EkdifiHwumtzGJ@
tpnf;vufwpfqkwfpm. tm;ay;vkyfaqmifa&; óud;yrf;r_rsm;taeESifh uef@
owfxm;onfh tultnDay;r_wpkHw&mavmufudkom jznfhpnf;E_difcJh=uonf?
JRS ESifh EkdifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrDwD International Rescue Committee (IRC) . xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd vufrSwfukdifaqmifxm;onfh jrefrmrsm;.
tajctaeay: 2005 tpD&ifcHpm wGif 'kQonf 353OD;tm; yk~Kdvfa&;aumufcH&&Sdr_
rsm;t& tm;vkH;eD;yg; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif ESdyfpufnSOf;yrf;r_rsm;ESifhñuHawG@cJh+yD; ‚wkd@
taeESifh ae&yfokd@jyefygu jyif;xefonfh vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_tœ&m,fwkd@ESifh
xyfrH&ifqkdif&E_difa=umif; awG@&Sd&onf? ‚wkd@taeESihf w&m;0iftaxmuftxm;r&Sdygu
xkdkif;tm%mykdifwkd@taeESifh w&m;r0if0ifa&mufvmolrsm;tjzpf rSwf,lI
tzrf;cH&jcif;/ tcsKyfaESmifcH&jcif;ESifh jrefrmEkdifiHokd@jyefykd@cH&jcif;wkd@ukd cH&rnfjzpfonf?
&yfwnfa&;twGuf xkdif;EkdifiHwGif w&m;r0if tvkyfvkyfjcif;wkd@tm; r=umc%acgif;ykHjz
wfcH&onfhtaetxm;wGif vkyfukdif&yfwnfaexkdif=u&onf? pcef;tajcpkduf'kQonfwkd@
ESifhuGJjym;pGm tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;wkd@. tajccHaxmufyHhr_wkd@tm; òrd@ay:ckdv_H
cGifh &&Sda&;vkdvm;olwkd@taeESifh &&Sd&ef rwwfE_difay? trsm;pktaeESifh vkHavmufonfh
ckdv_H&efae&mESifh tpm;taomuf r&&SdbJ r=umc%tzrf;cH&I ‚wkd@. aiGESifh ykdifqkdifr_
wkd@tm; odrf;qnf;oGm;jcif;cH=u&onf?
pufwifbmv_yf&Sm;olrsm;xH rSwfykHwifvufrSwfrsm;xkwfay;&ef
tqifoifhóudqkdcJhonf? Ttcsufu ppfrSefonfh ckdv_HcGifhav#mufxm;olrsm;taeESifh
,cktcg UNHCR ESifh xyfrHrSwfykHwifI tqkH;wGif; xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@u PAB
pepftm;toufoGif;um jrefrmckdv_HcGifh&SmazGolrsm;tm; ppfaq;qkH;jzwfrnf[k
ar#mfvifhcsufay;cJhonf? 1999 ckESpfwGifwnfaxmifcJhaomfvnf; PAB u vufawG@
wGif t}uD;tus,f tokH;rusjzpfcJhonf? Ttaetxm;u vuf&Sd'kQonfwkd@tm;
vufcHygu jrefrmEkdifiHrS xyfrHa&muf&Sdvmrnfholrsm;tm; qGJxkwfrnfhtajctaetm;
zefwD;E_difonfh pkd;&drfr_wpfpdwfwykdif;jzpfaeayonf?
xkdif;tm%mykdifrsm;ESifh uBmhukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;}uD;&kH;
(UNHCR) taeESifh wdusonfh tjzpftysufrsm;/ ae@pGJrsm;tay:
wpfpkHwpfOD;tm; pepfusw&m;r#wonfh ckHv_HcGifh&&Sda&;vkyfief;pOftm;
¹cGif;csufxm;onfh qef@usifaeonfh taetxm;wGif vuf&Sd ckdv_HcGifh&&Sda&;pepfu
usbrf;b0xufykdonfh rnfonfht&mukdr#ay;tyfrnfr[kwfay?
xkdif;EkdifiHu jyXmef;xm;onfhtcsdeftwkdif;twmtwGif; 'kQonfrsm;. �tqifhtwef;tm; xkdif;EkdifiHwGif; w&m;0ifðyvkyfay;&efESifh xkd@a=umifh ‚wkd@taeESifh
tqkH;wGif twnfwusaexkdifolrsm;ESifh EkdifiHom;rsm; tjzpfa&muf&Sdvmrnfjzpfonf?
rm*&uf *&if; a&mftef[kd@pf ([email protected]) onf
EkdifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrDwD. tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh tcGifhta&;,lepf (www.theirc.org) . tumtuG,f§w&m;a&;Xme. enf;ynmykdif;qkdif&mOd;aqmift=uHay;yk~Kd
vf jzpfonf? u&if *sufaumhbfqef ([email protected]) onf
zdef;pwdef; EkdifiHwumXmecsKyf. 'kQonfESifh ae&yfrSt"Rarmif;ESifxkwfr_ tumtuG,fay;a&;
pDrHcsuf. n$ef=um;a&;rSL;jzpfonf? pENDykdif; ([email protected]) onf xkdif;EkdifiH EkdifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrDwD (www.theirc.org/where/the_irc_in_thailand.html) . t=uHay;tusKd;aqmifjzpfygonf?
T ppfwrf;aumuf,lr_&vm'f tjynfhtpkHukd http://fic.tufts.edu/?pid=76 . tifwmeuftGefvkdif;wGif awG@E_difygonf?
IRC taeESifh okawoea&mif;&if;rsm;jzpf=uonfh *sLvD,m zpf&Smref;ESifh
vif'D 0kd&Srf;tjyif rdrdwkd@tokdif;t0kdif;&Sd vkyfazmfukdifzufrsm;tm;
a=u;Zl;wif&Sda=umif;ESifh ‚wkd@ryg&Sdygu Tokawoeðycsufvkyfaqmifa&;rSm
jzpfE_difacs&Sdonfhtaetxm;r[kwfa=umif; 0efcHtyfygonf?
34 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
pufwifbmòzdcGif;r_aemufqufwGJtjzpf jrefrmEkdifiHrSxGufajy;vmonfh UNHCR
rS ,m,DvufrSwf xkwfay;xm;onfh ckdv_HcGifh&&Sda&;vkdvm;olrsm;twGuf/
rnfonfhtcsdef okd@r[kwf ‚wkd@taeESifh PAB rS pDppfa&;rsm;ðyvkyfaqmif&Gufay
;ray; wkd@rSm usdef;aor_r&Sdonfhtaetxm;jzifh ,ae@wkdif &Sdaeayonf? odk@aomf
vufrSwfukdif aqmifxm;olaxmifaygif;rsm;pGmESifh tjcm; rl0g'tajymif;tvnf;ESifh
‚wkd@. 'kQtajctaetm; EkdifiHwum. ta&;ay;r_wkd@ukd ar#mfvifhxm;=uolrsm;twGuf
UNHCR u ‚wkd@tm; apmifhqkdif;&rnfjzpfa=umif; &Sif;vif;pGm today;cJhonf?
tœ&m,ftaeESifh xkdif;tpkd;&u a&muf&Sdvmonfh vlopfwkd@tm; r=umrD
'kQonftjzpftodtrSwfðya&; pDppfaqmif&Gufapumrl jrefrmvufrSwfukdifaqmif
xm;olrsm;tkyfpkopf zefwD;jzpfay:vmOD;rnfjzpfI wm&SnfcHrnfh tajz&Smr_tay:
apmifhpm;ae=uonfh olrsm;. tvkyfaºuG; xyfrHjzpfay:OD;rnfjzpfonf? t}uD;qkH;aom
pkd;&drfr_rSm rSwfykHwifpm&if;ay;oGif;a&;vkyfief;pOfwGif yg0ifcGifhr&olrsm;ESifh xkd@
a=umifh rnfonhftumtuG,fESifh rnfonfh ckdv_HcGifhar#mfvifhcsufwkd@ukdr# ‚wkd@
twGuf &Sdrnfr[kwfjcif;yifjzpfonf? taxmuftxm;r&Sdonfh/ rvkdvm;onfh/
jzpfE_difajct}uD;tus,fr&Sdonfh xkdjrefrmvufrSwfukdifaqmifxm;olrsm;ESifh ckdv_HcGifh
&SmazGaeolrsm;u tpGeftzsm;a'orsm;wGif qufvuf aexkdifae=uayrnf? tu,fI
jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd pufwifbmv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tm; òzdcGif;r_vkyfaqmift+yD; xkdif;EkdifiHESifh EkdifiH
wumtokdif;t0kdif;taeESifh ‚[email protected];u w&m;ojzifhjzpfapa&;twGuf
xif&Sm;onfh wkd;wufr_ESifh ykdrkdaumif;rGefonfh tem*wfwkd@tm;
OD;aqmifoGm;aprnfjzpfonf?
csrf;csrf;vD ([email protected]) onf owif;ESifhtm;ay;ulnDa&; t&m&Sdjzpf+yD;
tpPvm *vkdufpwm ([email protected]) u xkdif;EkdifiH a&&_'kQonfvkyfief;Xme
JRS (www.jrs.or.th) . rJaqmufpDrHudef; tusLd;aqmifjzpfonf?
1 2007 ckESpf atmufwkdbmv befaumufòrd@tajcpkduf UNHCR ESifh tDF;ar;tifwmeuf tjyeftvSef aqG;aEG;r_
2 rnfonfhae&mokd@vSnfh&rnfrod/ a&&_'kQonfXmeESifh EkdifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrDwD 2005 www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/RMOI-6E83HG?OpenDocument3 AD&m 'ef tkdwm. ‘xkdif;EkdifiH òrd@ay:&SdckHv_HcGifh&&Sda&;orm;rsm;ESifh 'kQonfrsm;/ FMR28 www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR28/27.pdf
1991 ckESpfwGif &kd[if*smrlqvif ESpfodef;cGJcef@onf b*Fvm;a'h&Sftpkd;&rS
'kQonfrsm;tjzpf vkHavmufonfh tajccHtaetxm;wGif todtrSwfðycHcJh&onf?
trsm;pkrSm xkdaemufykdif;ESpfrsm;twGif; b*Fvm;a'h&Sftpkd;&.jrefrmEkdifiHokd@ jyefykd@
jcif;ukdcHcJh&I ,cif'kQonfpcef; 20 rS ,cktcg pcef;ESpfckom usef&Sdawmhonf?
vGefcJhonfh 16 ESpfuwnf;u usef&Sdonfh cef@rSef;ajc &kd[if*sm ESpfaomif;ckESpfaxmifrSm
EkdifiH. awmifbuftpGefqkH;wGifwnf&Sdonfh aumufpfbZmòrd@teD; 'kQonfpcef;ESpfckwGif
aexkdif=uonf?
b*Fvm;a'h&Sftaejzifh 1951 ckESpf 'kQonftqifhtwef; pmcsKyfESifh TpmcsKyf.
1967 ckESpf nSdE_dif;csufrSwfwrf;wkd@tm; vufrSwfa&;xkd;jcif;r&Sdonfh tjyif
ckdv_HcGifhESifh 'kQonfa&;&mudPrsm;tay: Oya'jyXef;csufwpf&yf&yfukd csrSwf
vkyfaqmifjcif;vnf;r&SdcJhay? okd@aomfvnf; tpkd;&taeESifh 1991 ckESpfwGif
a&muf&Sdvmonfh&kd[if*smrsm;tm; 'kQonfrsm;tjzpftodtrSwfðyjcif; ukd
ukd,fwkdifpwifaqmif&GufcJh+yD; ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH; UNHCR ESifh ,ae@xufwkdif yl;aygif;tultnDay;aqmif&Gufr_rsm;&SdvmcJhonf?
b*Fvm;a'h&SftaeESifh vuf&Sd EkdifiHwumtcGifhta&; yËdnmOfpmcsKyfrsm; ESifh
xkH;wrf;rsm;tm; vufcHxm;onfrSm xif&Sm;um ‚.tajccHOya'abmiftwGif;
ukvor~. oabmwlpmcsKyftwkdif; tcGifhta&;ESifh wm0ef,laqmif&Gufr_wkd@
ukd xdrf;odrf;xm;onhftjyif EkdifiHe,fedrdwftwGif; EkdifiHom;r[kwfolrsm;tm;
w&m;0iftumtuG,fay;tyfr_vkyfaqmifonfukdawG@&onf ? tusKd;oufa&mufr_
taeESifh b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHonf 'kQonfumuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; tajccHvkyfief;rsm;
udktaxmuftyhHðyonfh EkdifiHwumOya'.t"duusaomtpdwftykdif;ukd
todtrSwfðyxm;jcif;yifjzpfonf?
'kQonftjzpftodtrSwfðyjcif;tm; ‚wkd@bmomvnfywfvkyfaqmif&ef
Oya'r&SdonfhtwGuf pHxm;r_rsm;t& umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;
vkyfief;rsm;tm;aqmif&Guf&mwGif aocsmonfh vkdufemaqmif&Gufr_ESifh
xdrf;odrf;r_rsm;vkyfaqmif&ef tcuftcJ&Sdayonf? &kd[if*sm'kQonfwkd@.
tajctaeonf qkH;jzwfcsufESifh vkdkdovkdvkyfaqmif&onfhvkyfief;rsm; ESifh
txl;apmifha&Smufr_ay;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif pdefac:r_wpf&yftjzpf vufawG@
jyaeayonf? 16 ESpf=umonfhwkdif &kd[if*sm'kQonfrsm;. vGwfvyfonfhv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;/
tvkyfvkyfukdifykdifcGifhESifh ynma&;tcGifhta&;rsm; tjyif ukd,ftm;ukd,fukd;cGifhESifh
ukd,fykdifjyXmef;cGifh tcGifhta&;rsm;tm; jiif;y,fxm;jcif;cHae&ayonf?
'kQonfrsm;rSm vkyftm;ctenf;i,fr#jzifh w&m;r0iftvkyfvkyfukdif=uonfh
ykef;&_d;uG,f&_d;v_yf&Sm;r_tajctaeokd@ twif;t"R wGef;ykd@jcif;cHae=u&onf?
wkd;wufr_tcGifhtvrf;/ avhvmoif=um;a&;ESifh ‚wkd@bmom ykdrkdaumif;rGefonfht
aetxm;okd@a&muf&Sdedkif&efóud;pm;cGifh ponfh tcGifhta&;rsm;tm; ydwfyifcHxm;&+yD;
'kQonfvkyftm;ay;q&mrsm; oifay;onfh oifcef;pmrsm;ESifh twef;rsm;ukd tuef@
towfjzifh vkyfaqmifae&onfjzpfjyD; todtrSwfjyKjcif;rcH&aomynma&;
pmoifcef;rsm;onfyif r=umao;ciftcsdeftxd wif;=uyfonfhabmiftwGif;rS
uefhowfxm;&Sdxm;onfjzpfonf?
b*Fvm;a'h&Sf&Sd ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;taejzifh vufawG@e,fy,fESifh
EkdifiHwum umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;t=um; uGm[csufrsm;
qufpyfr_&Sdap&ef tjyif;txeftm;ay;r_rsm;jzifh pHxm;csufrsm; wkd;wufjynfhrDap&ef
qGJaqmif&mwGif atmifjrifr_rsm;&SdcJhonf? EkdifiHa&;tajymif;tvJrsm;a=umifhEkdifiHaw
mftm; ta&;ay:tajctaera=ujimrD 2006 ckESpfwGif XmetaeESihf ,ciftpkd;&ESifh
vufawG@vkyfaqmif&eftwGuf xif&Sm;onfh oabmwlnDr_rsm;csrSwfedkifonftxd
atmifjrifcJhonf? vuf&Sd=um;jzwftpkd;&uvnf; 'kQonfrsm;ta&;vkyfaqmif&ef
tðyoabm vkdvm;onfh taetxm;jyaeonfukdawG@&onf?
avhvm&rnfhtcsuftaeESifh Tokd@ tpkd;&ESifh ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[m
rif;}uD;&kH;wkd@t=um; appyfaqmif&Gufr_rsm;.orkdif;rSwfwkdifwkd@onf
umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; ykHo¿meftm;ajymif;vJay;a&;ukd azmfaqmifay;jcif;yif
jzpfonfukdawG@&onf? ueOD; 2006 ckESpfwGif EkdifiHwumpHcsdefr_atmufwGif xkdtcsdefu
ckdv_Ha&;pcef;rsm;.qkd;&Gm;onfhtajctaeukd todtrSwfðyI uBmhukvor~'kQonfrsm
;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;tm; 'kQonfckdv_Ha&;pcef;opfrsm;tm; aqmufvkyfcGifhðycJhonf?
1992 ckESpfuaqmufvkyfcJhaom ckdv_Ha&;pcef;rsm;tm; taetxm;ykHpHwrsKd;rsKd;jzifh
'kQonfrsm; twnfwus tajccsaexkdifrnfhta&; tm;ay;vkyfaqmifr_rsKd;
jzpfvmrnfukdpkd;&drfI ðyjyifxdrf;odrf;a&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifa&;udPrsm;tay:
wif;usyfpGm qef@usifwm;qD;cJhonf? ,if; oabmwlnDr_&&Sduwnf;u uBmh
ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH; taeESifh &HykHaiGwkd;csJ@aumufcHr_
vkyfief;rsm; atmifjrifpGmaqmif&GufE_difvmum 'kQonfpcef;ESpfcktwGif;
wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd pwifvmedkifcJhonf? 2009 ckESpfrukefrD
jrefrmEkdifiH &ckdifjynfe,fajrmufykdif;&Sd &dk[if*sm'kQonfrsm;onf
[email protected] b*Fvm;a'h&SfwGifckdv_HcGifh&&ef ra&&monfh
tajctaewGifa&muf&Sdaeonf? okd@aomf r=umao;rDumvrsm;twGif; ta&;=uD;
aomxif&Sm;onfhwdk;wufrSKtaetxm;rsm;ukd awG@jrifae&onf?
b*Fvm;a'h&Sfa&muf &kd[if*smrsm;ESifh
'kQonftqifhtwef; yD,m y&kduf zD&D
FMR 30 35armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
UNHCR .
taxmuf
tyHhjzifh
aqmuf
xm;onfh
e&y&
'kuQonf
pcef;&Sd
tdrfopfrsm;
a&S@wGif
aqmhupm;
ae=uonfh
jrefrm
'kuQonf
uav;rsm;/
b*Fvm;a'h&Sf/
2008 ckESpf/
azaz:0g&Dv
pcef;ESpfckpvkH;wGif aexkdifpm;aomufa&;twGuf vkdtyfonfhtaxmuftyhHrsm;tm;vkH;
jynfhrDpGmaqmif&GufEdkifrnf[k ar#mfvifhxm;=uonf?
'kwd,t"duusonfh atmifjrifr_wpfckrSm b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHwGif yxrqkH;t=udrftjzpf
vkyfaqmifonfh uBmhukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;. wwd,EkdifiHokd@
ajymif;a&$@tajccsaexkdifapa&;vkyfief;rSm tumtuG,fay;tyfr_/
ckdifrmonfhajz&Sif;csufwkd@jzifh taetxm;tcsKd@ odkhydkhaqmifay;cJhonf? 2006 ckESpfwGif
'kQonf 26 OD;tm; uae'gEkdifiHokd@ ajymif;a&$@ykd@aqmifay;EdkifcJh+yD; 2007 ckESpfwGif 79
OD;txd apv$wfay;E_difcJhonf? xkdajymif;a&$@tajccsaexkdifa&;oabmwlnDcsufrSm
ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;. tpkd;&tm; wpkHw&mpnf;&kH;r_jzifh t&
nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&;oifwef;rsm;wkd;jrSifha&;ESifh ynma&;taxmuftulðyypPnf;rsm;
tm;jrSifhwifa&; cGifhðyay;&efjzpfonf? tusKd;quftaeESifh 2006 ckESpfwGif tpkd;&u
t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&;oifwef;ESifh ausmif;rsm;wGifoifay;aeonfh twef;rsm;ukdyg
wkd;csJ@aqmif&Gufa&; vkyfief;rsm;cGifhðyay;&ef oabmwlcJhonf? Twkd;wufr_taeESifh
EkdifiHwumpHcsdeftm; rrSDonfhwkdif vrf;a=umif;rSefay:okd@ OD;wnfaeonfrSm
trSefyifjzpfonf? uae'gEkdfifiHokd@ yxrt}udrf ajymif;a&$@aexkdifapa&;vkyfief;rsm;
atmifjrifcJhpOfrSpI xkdta&;ay:umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_vkdtyfaeonfh
'kQonfrsm;twGuf ajymif;a&$@a&;udPrsm;wGif tjcm;pdwf0ifpm;onfht"duEkdifiH
rsm;ESifh qufvufndSE_dif;aqmif&GufE_difcJhonf? e,l;ZDvefESifh t*FvefEkdifiHwkd@u
2008 ckESpfwGif vma&mufrnfh 'kQonfrsm;tm; vufcH&ef ta=umif;jyefcJhonf?
xkd@xufykdonfh xif&Sm;onfhwu,fhwkd;wufr_rSm b*Fvm;a'h&Sftpkd;&u 2006
ckESpfwGif ukvor~qdkif&mtjcm;Xmersm;ESifh tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm;
'kQonfpcef;rsm;twGif; tem*wfwdk;wufa&;twGuf u|rf;usif&mvkyfaqmifrSL ESifh
ulnDr_rsm; udk0ifa&mufvkyfaqmifcGifh ay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf?
okd@aomfvnf; 'kQonfwkd@twGuf EkdifiHwumOya'rsm;atmuf&Sd
oifhav#mfonfhtcGifhta&;rsm;tm; aumif;rGefpGm &&SdcHpm;E_difjcif;r&Sdao;rSD
umvtwGif; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&ef tcsKd@enf;vrf;rsm;
vkdtyfaeayao;onf? b*Fvm; ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;
}uD;&kH;taeESifh ‚[email protected];u¾t& vuf&Sdtaetxm;wGif xkdudPrsm;ukd
taumiftxnfazmfa&; rjzpfedkifao;onfukd &Sif;vif;pGmajymqkdcJhonf?
16 ESpfwmumvtwGif; vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh vl@*k%foduQmwkd@twGuf
'kQonfumuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; tajccHoabmw&m;ESifh zDvmqef@usifjzpfcJh+yD;
jyifyEkdifiHwkd@. tultnD wkd;wufr_r&SdonfukdomawG@&onf? b*Fvm;a'h&Sftpkd;&ESifh
tjcm;ta&;ygonfhEkdifiHrsm;t}um; &kd[if*smwkd@twGuf ckdifrmonfhtajctae
odkha&mufzdkh&ef aqG;aEG;nSdE_dif;r_aqmif&Gufa&;rsm; qufvufwnf&Sdaeayonf?
xkdaqG;aEG;r_. &v'frsm;tm;cef@rSef;a&;rSm tvGefapmaeayao;onf? okd@aomf tvGef@
tvGefaumif;rGefonfh tcsufrSm ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;ESifh tpkd;&
ESpfbufpvkH; &kd[if*sm'kQonfrsm;. tusOf;tusyftm; vkH;vkH;vsm;vsm;ajyvnfoGm;
onftxd &nf&SnftusKd;jzpfaprnfh &_axmifhrSajz&Sif;vkyfaqmifoGm;=u&ef oabmwl
nDr_&Sdae=ujcif;yifjzpfonf?
yD,m y&kduf zD&D Pia Prytz Phiri ([email protected]) onfb*Fvm;a'h&Sfqkdif&m uBmhukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;
}uD;&kH;ukd,fpm;vS,fjzpfonf? (www.unhcr.org/country/bgd.htm).
pma&;olwifjyxm;onfh tjrifrSm ‚.yk~Kdvfa&;qkdif&mtjrifomjzpf+yD; uBmhukvor~'kQ
onfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH; okd@r[kwf uBmhukvor~.tjriftm; ukd,fpm;rðyyg?
1 www.un.int/bangladesh/mission_arc/treaty_adherence.htm2 1972 tajccHOya'yk'fr 25/ 31 ESifh 32
UNH
CR/K
McK
inse
y
36 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
jrefrmedkifiH&Sd tjcm;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;uJhokd@ jyef@ESH@pGmjzpfyGm;aeaom
vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm;a=umifh jrefrmEkdifiHtaemuf&kd;r
awmifwef;rsm;wGifaexkdif=uonfh axmifESifhcsDonfh csif;wkdif;&if;om;wkd@onfvnf;
‚[email protected]&Sif&yfwnfr_twGuf a'otoD;oD;wkd@xGufajy;cJh=u&onf? xkdif;EkdifiHu
jrefrm'kQonf trsm;pktm;vufcHonfhtcsdefwGif csif;vlrsKd;OD;a&rSm xkdif;EkdifiHwGif
tenf;tusOf;om&Sdonf? ,if;tpm; csif;wkdif;&if;om;trsm;pku tdd,ESifh
rav;&Sm;EkdifiHrsm;wGif cdkv_HcGifh&&Sd&ef&SmazGvkyfaqmif=uonf? xkda'owkd@wGif ‚wkd@
ESifh we,fwnf;om;jzpf=uonfh xkdif;EkdifiH&Sdcsif;vlrsKd;wkd@ESifhuGJjym;onfh pdefac:r_
rsm;ukd&ifqkdif=u&ayonf?
tdd,EkdifiHa&muf csif;'kQonfrsm;jrefrmEkdifiHrStdrfeD;csif; tdd,EkdifiHokd@ xGufajy;vmcJh=u&onfh csif;vlrsKd;trsm;pkonf
csif;awmifrsm;ESifhuyfv#uf&Sdonfh rDZkd&rfawmifwef;rsm;wGifaexkdifv#uf&Sd
=uonf? wdusonfhta&twGufukd qkH;jzwf&efrjzpfEd_ifaomfvnf; tif'kd-
jrefrme,fpyfwGif cef@rSef;ajc csif;vlrsKd; (6)aomif;rS (8) aomif;txdaexkdif=uonf?
vlOD;a&tenf;i,ftm;jzifh e,l;a'vD odk@OD;wnfaomc&D;pOf. ar#mfvifhcsufrSm
'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;. umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_udk&&Sd&efjzpfonf?
xkdESpfae&mpvkH;wGif csif;vlrsKd;wkd@tm; umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_tenf;i,fomay;Ed_if
onfhtwGuf csif;'kQonfwkd@twGuf ae@pOfb0rSm cufcJ=urf;wrf;r_rsm;jzifh
pdwfysufp&mjzpfaeayonf?
tdd,EkdifiHtaeESifh 'kQonftqifhtwef;owfrSwfr_ESifhywfoufonfh 1991
nDvmcH okd@r[kwf 1967 ckESpf oabmwlusifh0wfwkd@ wGif oabmwlvufrSwf
a&;xkd;xm;jcif;r&SdonfhtwGuf tdd,EkdifiHwGifaexkdifonfh '[email protected];twGuf
w&m;0ifumuG,fapmifha&Smufr_vkyfief;pOf,E W&m;vnf;r&Sday? okd@aomfvnf;
ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh csif;'kQonfrsm;tm; tdd,EkdifiHwGif
pm&if;oGif;jcif;/ todtrSwfðyjcif;ESifh a&$@ajymif;tajccsa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd
qufvufaqmif&Gufay;v#uf&Sdonf? a'vDòrd@wGifaexkdifonfh csif; 1800 teufrS
1000 OD;onf ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;rS 'kQonftjzpftodtrSwfðyr_
tm; &&Sdxm;jyD;jzpfayonf? tjcm; csif;vlrsKd;wkd@. wifxm;onfh udP 300 rSmvnf;
ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;u pm&if;oGif;xm;+yD;jzpfum 'kQonf
tjzpftodtrSwfðyvufcHa&;twGuf apmifhqkdif;v#uf&Sdonf? 2006 ESpfv,fwGif
ukvor~ 'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh csif;wkdif;&if;om;wkd@tm;
wwd,EkdifiHrsm;okd@ a&$@ajymif;tajccsEdlif&ef pwifaqmif&Gufay;cJhonf?
ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD; &kH;rSwqifh 'kQonftjzpftodrSwfðycH&a&;rSm
tdd,EkdifiH&Sd csif;vlrsKd;tokdif;t0kdif;twGuf ykdrkdcufcJvmonf?
ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh oGm;a&mufjcif;r&Sdonfh
rDZkd&rfa'owGif csif;vlrsKd;trsm;pkaexkdif
=uonf? tusKd;quftaeESifh rDZkd&rf&Sd
csif;vlrsKd;wkd@taeESifh a'vDokd@oGm;a&mufI
ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;.
todtrSwfðyr_ukd&&Sd&ef aqmif&Gufa&;rSm
cufcJI tukeftusrsm;onfh tvkyfyifjzpfonf?
pm&if;0ifjzpf+yD;ygu ‚wkd@taeESifh a'vDwGif
aexkdif&yfwnfa&;cufcJrnf jzpfjyD;
,Ofaus;r_t&vnf; tH0if*GifusjzpfE_dif&ef
cJ,Of;rnfjzpfonf?
ykdIqkd;onfrSm ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m
r[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh csif;'kQonf
todtrSwfðya&;tm; uef@owfonfhtaeESifh
2007 ckESpf pufwifbmvwGif taxGaxG
pm&if;oGif;jcif;tm; &yfqkdif;vkdufjcif;yif
jzpfonf? ,cktcgtxl;ta&;ay;jcif;
udPrsm; okd@r[kwf txl;ojzifh tm;EGJ@
olrsm;tjzpfowfrSwfxm;onfh
ukd,f0efaqmiftrsKd;orD;rsm;/
ouf }uD; &G,ftkdrsm;ESifh csnfheJ@
olrsm;omv#if pm&if;oGif;a&;udPtwGuf
w&m;0ifaqmif&Gufay;aeayonf?
‘txl;ta&;ay;jcif;udPr[kwfonfh
udPrsm;’ taeESifh taxGaxGpm&if;oGif;r_
jyefvnfzGifhvSpfonfhtcsdeftxd
apmifhqkdif;=u&rnfjzpfjyD; r=umawmhonfhumv
tenf;i,ftwGif;wGifvnf; xkdokd@jzpfvmrnfhtajctaer&Sday?
a'vD&Sdcsif;vlrsKd;twkd@taeESifh qif;&JiwfrGwfr_.&kdufcwfr_'%ftm; cHxm;&onfhtjyif
ukd,fwkdif&Sifoef&yfwnfa&;twGuf&kef;uefae&onfh a'ocHwkd@ESifhtòydif a'owGif;uef@
owfcsuf&Sdonfh t&if;tjrpfwkd@tay:&SmazG&yfwnfa&;rSm tvGefcufcJayonf? wae@
wjcm;wkd;wufvmonfh 'kQonfwkd@. vkdtyfcsufrsm;tm; ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;a&;twGuf
taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufae=uonfh vkyfazmfukdifzufrsm;ESifh
ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD; &kH;taeESifh nSdE_dif;I b¾ma&;/ ynma&;ESifh us
ef;rma&;taxmuftyHhay;pDrHcsufvkyfief;uGef,ufwdk;wufa&;tm; vkyfaqmifcJhonf?
rlvwGif tcsdefwkdtwGif; pm;a&&dQmaxmufyHhr_tm; todtrSwfðyxm;+yD;jzpfonfh
'kQonfopfrsm;twGuf cGifhðyxm;ay;jcif;vnf;yg0ifonf? okd@aomf 2003 ckESpfwGif
ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh ajcmufvt=umwGifaxmufyHhr_
tm; xuf0ufjzwfum wESpft=umwGif tm;vkH;zsufodrf;jcif;wkd@vkyfaqmifI
xkdaxmufyHhr_tm; pwif&kyfodrf;cJhonf? Trl0g'ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;tm;jzifh ukd,fhtm;
csif;'kQonftrsm;pkonf 'kQonfpcef;wpfckckwGif ajccsaexkdifjcif;r&SdbJ tdd,EkdifiHESifh
rav;&Sm;EkdifiHwkd@&Sd òrd@ae'kQonf okd@r[kwf pm&Gufpmwrf;pm&if;rJh 'kQonfrsm;tjzpf
aexkdifae=uonf?
udk;cdk&mrJh tdd,ESifhrav;&Sm;EkdifiHa&muf csif;'kQonfrsm;atrD tvufZENm;
tdENd,&Sd
rDZkd&rf
a'owGif
aexkdif
vkyfukdif
ae=uonfh
‘csif;’
,uUef;
vkyfom;
rsm;
Amy
Alex
ande
r
FMR 30 37armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
ukd,fukd;jzpfEdlifajcr&Sdonfh a'vD'kQonftrsm;pk. wu,fhvufawG@&ifqkdifae&onfhb0
twGuf usqkH;jcif;taetxm;okd@ a&muf&SdapcJhonf?
'kwd,tcsuftaeESifh ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;taejzifh
'kQonftvkyform;rsm;tm; a'vDqif;&JwGif;abmifrSjrSifhwif ay;&ef
oabmwlnDcsufatmufwGif vpmjznfhpnf;a&;pDrHudef;wpfck yg0ifonf? okd@
aomf 2007 ckESpf =o*kwfvrSpI rnfonfhav#mufxm;oludkrS xkdpDrHudef;wGif
vufcHjcif;r&Sdawmhajc? wcsdefwnf;wGif jznfhpnf;a&;pDrHudef;. xdckdufr_rSm
'kwd,wef;pm;tvkyform;aps;uGufukdzefwD;ay;I tvkyf&Sifrsm;taeESifh
'kQonftvkyform;rsm;tm; vkyfcav#mhay;onfhtavhtxtm;
wkd;jrSifhvkyfukdifcJhayonf? ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;
}uD;&kH;. jznfhpGufay;tyfr_r&SdonfhtwGuf csif;tvkyform;rsm;taeESifh
wlnDonfhtvkyfjzpfaomfvnf; a'ocHvlxkxufykHrSefavsmhenf;onfh vkyfctm;
ar#mfvifhvkyfukdif=u&onf?
wwd,tultnDrSm vli,fhc&pf,eftoif;. tultnDjzpfonfh
ausmif;aeonfht&G,f 'kQonfuav;rsm;twGuf ynma&;tokH;pm;&dwfaxmufyHhr_
jzpfonf? okd@aomf TaxmufyHhaiGrSm tpkd;&ausmif;rsm;wufa&muf&ef
tajccHwGufcsufay;tyfonfhtwGuf 'kQonfuav;i,fwkd@twGuf cGifhðyr_pHESifh
rukdufnDoavmufjzpfaecJhonf? wcsdefwnf;wGif xkdaxmufyHhaiGrsm;onf
yk~vduausmif;pm;&dwftwGuf vkHavmufr_r&Sday? tusKd;quftaeESifh
uav;trsm;pkrSm ynmtqifhtwef;r&&SdbJ ausmif;rSxGuf&ayonf?
pwkˆtpDtpOftaejzifh a'vDwGifnHhjzif;onfh taetxkdifa=umifh 'kQonfrsm;cHpm;&onfh
usef;rma&;ESifh aq;0g;ukor_jy\emrsm;tm; &nf&G,fvkyfaqmifcsufjzpfonf?
bmompum;tcuftcJESifh jyif;xefonhf cGJjcm;qufqHr_wkd@u csif;vlemrsm;tm;
a'owGif;aq;&kHrsm;wGif ta&;ay: okd@r[kwf ykHrSefðypkukor_ &&Sda&;twGuf t[ef@
twm;jzpfonf? a'vDapwemhusef;rma&;tzGJ@tpnf;taeESifh a'vD&Sd 'kQonfrsm;tm;
tajccHusef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_vkyfief;rsm;ay;tyf&ef wm0ef,lcJhonf? okd@
aomf 2007 ckESpftpykdif;wGif xkdtzGJ@taeESifh aq;0g;ypPnf;vkHavmufr_r&Sdo
nfhtwGuf tultnD&yfwef@cJhonf? a'vDòrd@&Sd csif;'kQonfwkd@twGuf ,cktcg
usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_onf ‚wdkhtwGuf tvGefhtvGef aps;}uD;vSonf?
xkd@jyif a'ocHvlxkESifh qufqHa&;wif;rmr_u a'vDESifhrDZkd&rf&Sd csif;wkdif;&if;om;wkd@
twGuf }uD;us,fonfh twm;tqD;wpfckjzpfaeayao;onf? a'vDòrd@wGif
taxGaxGrvkHavmufr_a=umifh csif;vlrsKd;wkd@ESifh a'ocHvlxk=um; oabmuGJvGJr_rSm
xif&Sm;aeayonf? a'ocHrsm;ESifh &Sm;yg;ukefrsm; tòydifa&mif;0,f&onfhtay:
csif;vlrsKd;wkd@taeESifh armif;ESifxkwfcH&rnf/ ukd,fxdvufa&muf t=urf;zufr_rsm;/
tjcm;aESmuf,Sufr_rsm;jzpfrnfwkd@ukdawG;I t+rJ pkd;&drfxdwfvef@pGmaexkdif=u&onf?
ESdyfpufnSOf;yef;r_trsm;pkwkd@rSm txufokd@wifjyjcif;r&Sdjcif; okd@r[kwf Oya'jyXef;r_
tm;enf;onfhtay: wpfckr[kwfwpfckt& tjypfay;ta&;,lr_ r&Sdjcif;a=umifh
usL;vGefjzpfyGm;avh&Sdonf?
rDZkd&rfjynfe,fwGif rDZkdESifh csif;vlrsKd;wkd@onf rsKd;&kd;wlaomfvnf; cGJjcm;qufqHr_wkd@
jzifha&m¹yGef;aeonf? ,cifu rDZkd&rf&Sd EkdifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf;r[kwfaomfvnf;
tvGefvGrf;rkd;r_&Sdonfh t&yfom;tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfonfh i,f&G,fonfhrDZkdtoif;u
csif;vlrsKd;wkd@tm;ypfrSwfxm;I OD;aqmifqef@usifòzdcGif;cJhonfrsm;&Sdonf? 2003
ckESpfwGif i,f&G,fonfhrDZkdtoif;u csif;vlrsKd;axmifESifhcsDI jrefrmEkdifiHokd@
jyefoGm;&ef armif;xkwfcJhonfh t}uD;us,fqkH;tjzpftysuf jzpfyGm;cJhonf?
2007 ckESpf atmufwkdbmvwGif rDZkdESifhcsif;vlrsKd;wkd@. oabmxm;wif;rmr_
oufomapa&;twGuf jzpfE_difajc&SdpGmn$efjyonfhtaeESifh jrefrmEkdifiHwGif
EkdifiHa&;tajymif;tvJ vkyf&ef rDZkdwkd@u csif;wkd@ESifhtwl qjycJhonf? okd@
aomfvnf; csif;vlrsKd;wkd@taeESifh rDZkdwkd@u Oya'a=umif;t& ESifxkwfr_ESifh ae&yfokd@
twif;t"Rjyefykd@rnfwkd@tm; a=umufvef@aeqJjzpfonf?
rav;&Sm;EkdifiHa&mufcsif;'kQonfrsm;tdd,e,fpyfwav#muf tvGefrsm;jym;onfh wyfrsm;csxm;jcif;a=umifh
tdd,EkdifiHwGif;okd@ jzwfausmf0ifa&mufa&;twGuf jzpfay:vmrnfhtœ&m,ftm;
csif;vlrsKd;trsm;pku pkd;&drf=uonf? xkd@a=umifh a0;vHaomfjim;vnf; rav;&Sm;EkdifiHonf
csif;vlrsKd;wkd@qkdufa&muf&ma'owpfckjzpf vmI vuf&SdwGif 'kQonf 23000 cef@
vufcHxm;&ayonf?
tdd,EkdifiHuJhokd@ rav;&Sm;onf 'kQonftqifhtwef;owfrSwfr_ESifhywfoufonfh
1991 nDvmcH okd@r[kwf ‚. 1967 ckESpf oabmwlusifh0wfwkd@tm; vufrSwfa&;xkd;
xm;jcif;r&Sdonfhtjyif 2006 ESpfOD;ykdif;uwnf;u taxGaxGvufcHpm&if;oGif;a&;
vkyfief;pOftm; ydwfxm;cJhonf? rav;&Sm;EkdifiHokd@ csif;vlrsKd;wkd@qufvufI tpkvkduf
tðyHvkdufxGufcGmaejcif;a=umifh / csif;vlrsKd;wkd@taeESifh pm&if;oGif;
E_dif&efapmifhqkdif;ae&onfh tajctaewGifa&muf&SdvmonfukdawG@&onf?
rav;&Sm;EkdifiHwGif umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ESifh tusKd;jzpfxGef;r_rsm;&&Sd&ef
*wday;xm;jcif;r&Sdaomfvnf; ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;.
pm;&if;0ifvufrSwfrsm;u tenf;qkH; wwd,EkdifiHwGifa&$@ajymif;tacscs&ef
ar#mfvifhcsufay;xm;onf?
csif;'kQonftrsm;pkrSm òrd@awmfuGmvmvefyl&Sd tvGefusOf;usyfonfh ae&mxkdifcif;wGif
qif;&JEGrf;yg;pGmaexkdif=u&onf? tcsKd@u vufctenf;i,fom&onfh v,f,m
vkyfief;vkyfukdifonfhae&mrsm;jzpfI a&ay;a0r_&&Sd&efcufcJum
tumtuG,fyPnf;rvkHavmufonfh òrd@hjyif ,m,Dpcef;rsm; okd@r[kwf a0;vHonfh
crD&Gefukef;jrifha'orsm;wGif aexkdif=uonf?
tm%mykdifwkd@. aESmuf,Sufapmfum;r_ESifh ESdyfpufnSnf;yrf;r_onf rav;&Sm;EkdifiHa&muf
csif;vlrsKd;wkd@twGuf aehpOftajctaerSefyifjzpfonf? ywf0ef;usifESifh vkyfief;cGif
rsm;tm;pD;eif;jcif;tjyif jynfolykdifae&mrsm;wGif vl0ifr_}uD;=uyfa&;t&m&Sdrsm;u
csnf;uyfI yk~Kdvfa&;csdef;ajcmufr_wkd@ðyvkyfavh&Sdonf? vmbfrxkd;Edlifygu odk@r[kwf
ray;csifygu tzrf;cH&jcif;/ tcsKyfaESmifcH&jcif;ESifh ae&yfodkhjyefykd@cH&jcif;ponfh
tœ&m,fwkd@&Sdonf? rav;&Sm;wGif tzrf;cH&onfh'kQonfrsm;taeESifh r=umc%qkdovkd
vlrsm;vGef;I roef@&Sif;onfh tcsKyfcef;rsm;twGif;xm;&Sdjcif; cH=u&onf? ‚wkd@
taeESifh r0a&pmESifh oufawmifhoufomr&Sdonfh taetxm;&&Sd=uonf? zsm;emr_
qkdonfrSm xkH;pHyifjzpfonf? tapmifhrsm;ESifh t&m&Sdrsm;. aESmuf,Sufapmfum;r_ESifh
ukd,fxdvufa&muf ESdyfpufnSnf;yrf;r_tm; ae&mtES@H=um;=u&rnfjzpfonf?
rav;&Sm;wGif csif;'kQonfrsm;tm; tvkyfvkyfcGifhrðyonfhtjyif ‚wkd@
taeESifh omreftvkyfu¾rsm;okd@vnf; ESdrfcsykd@aqmifqufqHcH&onf?
tvkyf&&Sdxm;olrsm;taeESifh tvkyf&Sifrsm;. r=umc% acgif;ykHjzwf&ef
&nf&G,fvkyfaqmifjcif;ESifh rw&m;zdESdyfxm;onfhvkyfief;tajctaersm;
cHpm;&csdefwGif okH;ykHwykHavmufyifr&Sdonfh csif;vlrsKd;ta&twGufavmufom
tvkyftukdif&&Sd=uonf?
òrd@ay:ESifh awmwGif;'kQonfpcef;rsm;wGifaexkdifonfholwkd@twGuf
tajccHusef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_vkyfief;rsm;tm; a&G@vsm;aq;cef;rsm;rSwqifh
axmufyHhay;onf? trfrf tufpf tufzf Medecins Sans Frontières (MSF) trnf& aq;0g;taxmuftulay;tyfonfh tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@
tpnf;taeESifh rav;&Sm;EkdifiHwGif axmufyHhr_vkyfief;rsm;tm; vma&mufvkyfukdifcJhI
vGefcJhonfhESpftpykdif;txd xkdaxmufyHhr_wkd@tm; r&kyfodrf;ciftcsdeftxd
bmomjyefrsm;axmufyHhay;jcif;/ aq;&kHwufonfh usef;rma&;ukefusr_pm;&dwf
jyefxkwfay;jcif;wkd@vkyfaqmifcJhonf?
ed*kH;csKyf&ufpufr_/ zdpD;ESdyfpufr_ESifh touftœ&m,fcsdef;ajcmufr_wkd@a=umifh csif;vlrsKd;
&maxmifcsDI xGufajy;=u&onf? ‚wkd@taeESifh }uD;rm;onfhtcuftcJESifh &ifqkdif&jcif;/
=urf;wrf;r_rsm;tm; =uHh=uhHcHI tœ&m,frsm;onfh pdefac:r_wkd@a=umifh wae&m&mwGif
cdkv_HcGifh&&Sd&efar#mfvifhcsufxm;&SdcJhonf? w&m;0iftodtrSwfðyr_rvkHavmufjcif;/
ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;. vufcHr_uef@owfxm;&Sdjcif;ESifh
tvkyftukdifESifh ynma&;axmufyHhr_&&Sd&ef cufcJjcif;/ usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_
rsm;ESifh vufcHE_difavmufonfh ae&mxkdifcif;&&Sd&ef rvG,fuljcif; wkd@tm; tdd,ESifh
rav;&Sm;EkdifiHwkd@wGif ‚wkd@taeESifh awG@ñuH&ayonf? xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd ‚wkd@. jrefrmEkdifiHrS
nDtpfukdrsm;uJhokd@ tdd,EkdifiHESifh rav;&Sm;EkdifiHa&muf csif;wkdif;&if;om;wkd@taeESifh
wu,fhckdv_H&muif;rJhonfh taetxm;jzifh aexkdif=u&ayonf?
atrD tvufZENm; ([email protected]) onf
a&ShaejzpfI xkdif;EkdifiH Zif;r,fòrd@&Sd csif;vl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@ (www.chro.org) . v_yf&Sm;r_tusKd;aqmifjzpfonf? csif;vl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@taeESifh Taqmif;yg;
jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf &ufa&mpGmjzifh tcsdef/ ukd,fawG@Zwfvrf;rsm;ESifh tawG@
tñuHrsm; ajymjyay;cJh=uonfh csif;vlrsKd;pktm;vkH;tm; txl;a=u;Zl;wif&Sdygonf?
38 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
vlukeful;jcif; (,ae@acwfpm;aeonfh trsKd;orD;/ uav;rsm;ESifh trsdK;om;rsm;tm;
u|efðyukeful;aer_) onf wuBmvkH;wGif jzpfay:aeayonf? okd@aomf azmfjyedkifonfh
tuef@towftwkdif;twmtwGif; &&Sdxm;onfh tcsuftvufwkd@u ta&S@
awmiftm&Stm; txl;ojzifh r¾Kdifðyaeonf[k n$efjyaeonf? xkda'otwGif;
jrefrmEkdifiHonf xkdif;ESifh w&kwfEkdifiHESpfckpvkH;okd@ vlukeful;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;rsm;.
t"duyif&if;EkdifiH jzpfaeayonf? ESpfpOf T'kp&kdufvkyfief;twGif; vlOD;a&rnfIrnfr#
om;aumiftjzpfusa&mufcJhonfukd rod&Sd&aomfvnf; cef@rSef;ajctwkdif;twmrSm
vlokH;axmifrS okH;aomif;twGif; a&mif;pm;jcif;cHae=u&ayonf?
tcsKd@olrsm;u jrefrmEkdifiHwGifT&mZ0wfr_tm; xdxda&mufa&mufajz&Sif;azmf
xkwfaqmif&GufE_dif&ef ar#mfvifhaumif; ar#mfvifh=uayrnf? qif;&JrGJawr_ESifhtwl
tvG,fwulukpm;r_rðyE_difao;onfh ‚ESifhqufEG,fonfh pD;yGm;a&;edrfhusr_wkd@
a=umifhomru vlukeful;jcif;rsm;tm;wkdufzsuf&mwGif vltcGifhta&;ESifh
Oya'av;pm;r_tygt0if tpkd;&[email protected];ESifh tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;wkd@. vkyfief;rsm;rSwqifh tzufzufrSaqmif&Gufr_rsm;ðyvkyf&efvnf;
vkdtyfayonf? tar&duefEkdifiHawmftpkd;&Xme. vlukeful;jcif;ESpfpOftpD&ifcHpm wGif
jrefrmEkdifiHtm; tqifh (3)wGifxm;I tpkd;&taeESifh vlukeful;jcif;udPrsm;tm;wifjy&
efysufuGufaecJhonf[kqkdum tedrfhqkH;tqifhowfrSwfcJhonf? r=umrDESpfrsm;twGif;
taxmuftulay;onfh tpkd;&rl0g'rsm;ESifhtwlvkyfaqmifaeonfh vlukeful;r_qef@
usifa&;0efxrf;rsm;tzGJ@i,ftaeESifhvnf; xif&Sm;wkd;wufonfh atmifjrifajymif;vJr_
wpfpkHw&m aqmif&Gufedkifjcif;r&Sdao;ay?
EkdifiHwpfckwnf;wGiftajcrðyonfh pepfwusvkyfaqmifaeonfh&mZ0wfr_qef@usifa&;
oabmwlnDcsufwGif vlukeful;jcif;tm; xif&Sm;onfh tajccHtcsufokH;ckyg0ifonfh
t"d`g,fzGifhqkdr_ðycJhonf? yxrtcsuftaejzifh yk~KdvfwpfOD;tm; vlopfpkaqmif;a&;/
o,f,lykd@aqmifa&; okd@r[kwf xdrf;odrf;xm;jcif;wkd@rSm vlukeful;jcif;vkyfaqmifr_
jzpfonf? 'kwd,tcsufrSm tusyfukdifjcif; (t"Rapckdif;jcif;§t"Rcsdef;ajcmufjcif;)
okd@r[kwf jzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifjcif;wkd@yg0ifvmygu vlukeful;jcif;[k
t"d`g,foufa&mufonf? wwd,tcsuft& vlukeful;jcif;&nf&G,fcsufrSm
vdifqufqHr_t& (okd@) tvkyform;rsm;tay:acgif;ykHjzwf tjrwfxkwfjcif;
vkyfaqmif&ef jzpfonf?1 rdrdfwkd@taeESifh TtcsufokH;ckpvkH;ESifhywfoufonfh
taetxm;xif&Sm;cJhygv#if vlukeful;jcif;[lIom okH;E_ef;ajymqkd=uayonf?2
Tt"d`g,fzGifhqkdcsuftm;tokH;ðyjcif;jzifh vlukeful;jcif;onf &Sif;vif;wdusonfh
&mZ0wfr_wpfck t+rJr[kwfonfukd awG@&ayrnf? vlwkd@taeESifh r=umc%‚wkd@
qtav#mufyg0ifvm=urnf/ tvkyform;tajctaersm;wGifyif ‚[email protected]_d
if;,SOfcsuft& vuf&Sdtaetxm;tay: acgif;ykHjzwfjcif;cH&onf[k
owfrSwf&aumif;owfrSwf&ayrnf? tjcm;wbufwGif vlwkd@
taeESifh vkyfctenf;i,fom&&Sdjcif;/ tvkyfcsdefykdvkyf&jcif; okd@r[kwf
,cifoabmwlnDcsufESifh qef@usifonfh vkyfief;cGiftaetxm;rsm;wGif
xm;&SdcH&jcif;wkd@jzifh vSnfhjzm;jcif;cH&aumif;cH&rnf? Ttajctaersm;wGif ‚wkd@
taeESifh wpkHwOD;. twif;t=uyfapckdif;r_r&SdbJ qufvufaexkdifvkyfukdifaeygu
‚ukd w&m;0ifvlukeful;onf[k rqkdfedkifay? tjyeftvSeftm;jzifh vlwkd@taeESifh
tpyxrwGif rdrdbmom ul;oef;0ifa&mufvmjcif;jzpfedkifaomfvnf; aemufykdif;wGif
vlukeful;cH&onfhtaetxm;twGif; odkhoufqif;usa&muf=u&onf?
Tt"d`g,fzGifhqkdr_wkd@ukd w&m;0if vufawG@taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;onf
vlukeful;r_qef@usifa&; 0ifa&mufvkyfaqmifr_. t"dupdefac:r_wpfckyifjzpfonf?
rnfokd@yifjzpfap Taqmif&Gufr_onf trSefwu,fvkdtyfaeonfholwkd@twGuf
umuG,fr_ESifh tultnDrsm; vufcH&&Sdefedkifjcif;&Sdr&Sd aojcmpGm vkyfaqmif&rnfh
ta&;}uD;onfh vkyfief;yif jzpfonf?
0ifa&mufaexkdifjcif;ESifh vlukeful;jcif; a&mif;pm;cH&onfhykHo¾mefrsm;pGm&SdouJhokd@ vlwkd@taeESifh acgif;ykHjzwfcH&r_
ykHpHrsKd;pkH&Sdonf? tajccHtm;jzifh vlukeful;jcif;onf vlyk~KdvfwpfOD;jcif;tm;
qef@usifonfh &mZ0wfr_jzpfonf? tjcm;&mZ0wfr_.toGm;tvmuJhokd@
(Oyrm - vlowfr_/ rk'drf;r_/ jyefay;qGJr_) ‚tm; ðcHikHajymqkd&efcufonf?
rnfokd@qkdapumrl a&mif;tpm;cH&onfholrsm;/ tultnDay;onfhtzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;ESifh Oya'ðyyk~Kdvfrsm;tygt0if w&m;cHrsm;tm; ukd,fawG@
ar;jref;csufrsm;ay:tajccHI jrefrmEkdifiH. vlukeful;r_vkyfief;ay:aygufvm
&jcif;wpfckvkH;. taetxm;rSm 0ifa&mufaexkdifvkyfukdifjcif;. wpkHw&m
rSm;,Gif;azmufjyefr_a=umifh[kqkd&rnfjzpfonf?
a&S;acwf ukefoG,fa&;tajccHvrf;a=umif;rsm;ay:wGif &Sdaeonfh
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif jzwfausmf0ifa&mufr_rsm;ukd umv=umjrifhpGmawG@ae&onf?
,ae@tcg a'owGif; pD;yGm;a&;tajctaeuGm[r_u vli,frsm;tm;
ykdrkdwnfwHhonfhtem*gwftwGuf e,fpyfjzwfausmf0ifa&mufa&;vkyf
aqmif&ef rD;xkd;ay;aeayonf? T0ifa&mufr_trsm;pku vlukeful;jcif;rsm;
jzpfay:aponfr[kwfay? okd@aomf tcsKd@rSmrl 0ifa&mufr_ykHo¾mefqkd;qkd;&Gm;
&Gm;rSm;,Gif;r_ESifhñuHawG@&um ‚wkd@ukd,f‚wkd@ vlukeful;olwkd@. usm;oem;rS
EGm;csrf;omrnfhtajctaeokd@ a&muf&ayawmhonf? wcgw&H xkdolwkd@rSm ‚wkd@
tm; oabmwlnDxm;onfhae&yfokd@rykd@bJ tjcm;ae&mrsm;okd@ykd@ay;=uonfh
yGJpm;rsm;jzpfaeI/ wcgw&HwGifrl acgif;ykHjzwfapckdif;onfh tvkyfcGifrsm;Y
tusyfukdifckdif;ap=uonfh tvkyfrsm;jzpfae=uonf? owif;acgif;pOfrsm;pGmwGif
trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; vdift&tjrwfxkwfapmfum;I twif;tusyf jynfhwefqm
vkyfckdif;onfhtjzpftysufrsm;tm; avhvm&onfhwcsdefwnf;rSmyif
trsKd;orD;ESifh trsKd;om; yg0ifonfh puf&kHrsm;&Sd tvkyform;acgif;ykHjzwfjcif;vkyf
aqmifvlukeful;r_ (trsKd;om;rsm;ukdvnf; ig;zrf;vkyfief;rsm;okd@ykd@aqmifjcif;cH&)
tpD&ifcHcsufrsm;tm;awG@&onf?
tdrfwGif qif;&JwGif;eufr_ajyaysmufapjcif;Xm tcsKd@pdwfjrefvufjrefESifh
tjcm;a'orsm;okd@xGufIpGef@pm;jcif;onf wpkHw&majz&Sif;E_difrnfjzpfonf/
jzwfoef;a&$@ajymif;0ifxGufaeonfh jrefrmEkdifiHom;wkd@onf EkdifiHtwGif;tjyif
EkdifiHe,fpyfrsm;ukdjzwfausmfIv_yf&Sm;ouf0ifaeayonf? TonfrSm ‚wkd@.
tajctaetay:rlwnfonfh vkdtyfcsufwGef;tm;t&‚/ ykdrdkawmufyonfh
tem*wfar#mfvifhcsufrsm;.qGJtm;t&‚ wpfckr[kwfwpfckt&
jzpfyGm;v#uf&Sdonf? trsm;pktwGuf wpkHw&mjznfhpGrf;r_ay;edkifaomfvnf;
tcsdK@rSmrl T0ifa&mufr_tay: tjrwfxkwfjcif;rsm;/ rw&m;apmfum;r_rsm;/
a&m*ga0'emESifh toufqkH;&_H;onfhwkdif qkd;&Gm;onfhtajctaersm;ukd
&ifqkdif=u&onf?
vlŒtcGifhta&;aqmif&Gufrlrsm;jzpfyGm;aponfh
0ifa&mufaexkdifjcif;ESifhvlukeful;jcif; eDukdvwf0if;jrifh
xkdif;EkdifiH
befaumuf
òrd@&Sd
tpkd;&ykdif
bef@
c&uf
x&muef
&dyfomwGif
,cktcg
&kd;&m
vufr_
ynm
avhvmae
onfh
rw&m;
pD;yGm;a&;
vkyfief;
wpfckokd@
a&mif;pm;
cH&r_rS
vGwfajrmuf
vmonfh
jrefrm
trsKd;orD;
wpfOD;
Kay
Cher
nush
for t
he U
S St
ate
Dep
artm
ent.
FMR 30 39armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
odkhaomfvnf; rsm;pGmaomjzwfausmf0ifa&mufr_wkd@rSm rdrdtdrfwGif;&SdtcGifhtvrf; ESifh
EkdifiH&yfjcm;&SdtcGifhtvrf;ar#mfvifhcsufrsm;twGif; uGmjcm;csuftay: qif;&JrGJawr_
ESifhqufpyfonfh pD;yGm;a&;tqifrajyr_rsm;a=umifh jzpfay:vmonfhtodtjrif.
wGef;tm;ay;r_a=umifhjzpf&jcif;jzpfonf?
wm0efodpdwfjzifhvlukeful;jcif;qef@usifpGufzufaqmif&Gufa&;&nf&G,fcsufrSm ,if;v_yf
&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_ukd &yfwef@ypf&efr[kwfbJ vlukeful;r_udk&yfwef@ypfa&;omjzpfonf?
r=umrDESpfrsm;twGif; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif tqkdygudPESifhpyfv#Of;onfh tm;wufp&m
ajymif;vnf;wkd;wufr_tcsKd@ukd awG@&onf? odomonfhwkd;wufr_rSm jzwfausmf
0ifa&mufvmolrsm;tm;vkHjcHKr_ay;tyfa&;tjyif a&mif;pm;cH&olrsm;tm;
ulnDaxmufyHhr_ay;a&; ESpfckpvkH;yifjzpfonf? 2005 ckESpf pufwifbmvwGif
Oya'ðyxm;onfh jrefrmEkdifiH. vlukeful;r_qef@usifa&;Oya'u w&m;pGJqkdcH&r_
rSuif;vGwfcGifh/ vkdtyfonfh Oya'a=umif;vrf;/ aiGa=u;ESifh aq;0g;taxmuftyHhwkd@
tygt0if a&mif;pm;cH&oltay: wdusonfh w&m;0iftumtuG,faxmufyhHr_
rsm;ay;tyfxm;onf? xkdOya'u &JESifh vl0ifr_}uD;=uyfa&;t&m&Sdrsm;tm; a=umufvef@
jcif;rsm;tm; av#mhcsa&;rsm;vkyfaqmifr_ESifh wcsdefwnf;rSmyif cHpm;&olrsm;twGuf t
ultnDrsm;vufcH&&Sdapa&;vG,fulap&ef &nf&G,fxm;onf?
wcsdefwnf;rSmyif 2005 ckESpfrSpI umuG,fa&;v_H@aqmfaqmif&Gufr_rsm;tm;
ta0;ajy;um;*dwfrsm;wGif pwifaqmif&GufcJhonf? oifwef;ay;xm;onfh
oifwef;q&mrsm;u vlukeful;jcif;. tœ&m,frsm;omru tajccHtcGifhta&;rsm;/
tokH;0ifonfhtquftoG,frsm;ESifh t"duusonfhtokH;tE_H;rsm;ukdyg
tcsuftvufay;I ynmay;vkyfief;rsm;vkyfaqmif=uonf? tpyxrwGif
&efukefywf0ef;usif um;*dwfrsm;wGif pwifcJhaomfvnf; ,cktcg
armfvòrdifòrd@ xkdif;EkdifiHe,fpyfokd@oGm;onfh ul;ajymif;um;*dwfwpfckwGifyg
wkd;csJhvkyfaqmifae+yDjzpfonf? vlukeful;onfhudPESifhywfoufonfh
AD'D,kdrsm;tm;jyojcif;/ vufurf;pmapmifrsm;ukd c&D;oGm;jynfolrsm;tm;
e,fpyfoGm;onfh um;rsm;ay:wGif a0iSjcif;wkd@vkyfaqmif=uonf? 2006 ckESpfwGif
Tv_yf&Sm;r_jzifh vloef;wpf0ufausmftm; ynmay;a&; vkyfaqmifE_difcJhonf?
jzwfausmf0ifa&mufoltm; vkHðcHr_&Sdapa&;aqmif&Gufr_ESifhtòydif
umuG,fa&;ESifh a&mif;pm;cH&olrsm;tm; tultnD&&Sdapa&;wkd;jrSifh&ef
óud;yrf;vkyfaqmifa&;rsm;rSmvnf; vkdtyfcsuf&Sdaeayao;onf? tmrcHcsufay;Edkifonfh
pwifvkyfaqmifr_wpfckrSm e,fjcm;qufqHa&;&kH;rsm;tm; (ukvor~ rl;,pfaq;0g;ESifh
&mZ0wfr_yaysmufa&;&kH; UN Offices on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) ESifhyl;aygif;I rl;,pfaq;0g;a&mif;0,fr_wkdufzsufa&; vkyfief;rsm;twGufzGifhvSpfcJhonfh&kH;
rsm;) ‚[email protected]; wkd;csJhum vlukeful;r_rsm;tm;vnf;umuG,fE_dif&ef
zGifhvSpfvkyfaqmifedkifjcif;jzpfonf?
Tvkyfief;wGif tajccHvkyfaqmifr_rSm pdrfh0ifvmedkifaome,fpyfrsm;rSjzwfausmf0if
a&muf vmonfholrsm;tm; wm;qD;&efr[kwfyJ tpkd;&Xmersm;. e,fpyfjzwfoef;a&;
yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_jzifh a&mif;pm;cH&olrsm;tm; ae&yfokd@vkHðcHpdwfcspGmjyefvnfykd@
aqmifedkif&ef ulnDa&;yifjzpfonf? jzwfausmf0ifa&mufvmolrsm; ESpfbufe,fpyfrS
&JESifhvlr_a&;tultnDay;tyfonfht&m&Sdrsm;wkd@ESifh vkyfaqmif&mwGif
e,fjcm;qufqHa&;&kH;rsm;u ,cktcg a&mif;pm;cH&olrsm;tm; rlvae&yfXmaeokd@
ulnDykd@aqmifa&;rsm;tm; axmufyhHay;&efjzpfonf?
xkdc&D;pOftqkH;wGifvnf; a'ocHESifhEkdifiHwum tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;tm; xkda&mif;pm;cH&olrsm;twGuf ESpfodrfhynmay;aqG;aEG;jcif;/
aiGa=u;ESifhaq;0g;tultnD/ rdom;pktm;pkHprf;ay;jcif;tjyif toufarG;
0rf;ausmif;ynm oifwef;rsm;rSwqifh vkdtyfonfhulnDapmifha&Smufr_
rsm;tm; ykdrkdvkyfaqmifedkif&ef tm;ay;onfhtjyif xkdvkyfief;rsm;
vkyfaqmifedkif&ef vkdtyfonfhtajctaersm;ukdvnf; ay;tyfxm;onf?
vlr_tajccHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm;ay;tyfxm;onfh oifwef;jzifh a'ocHvlxktm;
xkdqufvufjzpfyGm;aeqJjzpfonfh vlukeful;r_rsm;tm; wkdufzsufa&;vkyfief;rsm;
wdk;jrSifhvkyfaqmif&ef vkyfykdifcGifhrsm;ay;tyfxm;onf?
&&SdcJhonfhoifcef;pmrsm; ae&mtoD;oD;wGifjrkyfESHxm;onfh0efxrf;rsm; (vlxkwGif;pnf;&kH;a&;rSL;rsm;/
tpkd;&t&m&Sdrsm;/ ukvor~ESifh tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rS 0efxrf;rsm;)
taeESifh Tpepftm;o,faqmifI ouf0iftaumiftxnfazmfedkifap&ef
vkyfaqmif=uonf? vlukeful;jcif;rsm;tm; azmfxkwf&ef t"duvkdtyfaeonfh
tajctaerSm jrefrmtpkd;&u Tjy\emtm;todtrSwfðyumuG,f
apmifha&Smuf&efESifh wpkHw&majz&Sif;r_vkyfaqmif&efq&Sda&;yifjzpfonf?
xkdtcsufESpfckpvkH;rSm ukvor~rSwqifh enf;ynmu|rf;usifolrsm;taxmuftyhH
jzifh rJacgifa'owGif;&Sd 6 EkdifiHtpkd;&rsm; taumiftxnfazmfaeonfh wkd;wufa&;
vkyfief;pOfESifhqufpyfonfh vkyfief;twkdif;twmwGifyg&SdI/ twlwuGyl;aygif;r_jzifh vl
ukeful;jcif;wkdufzsufa&;vkyfaqmifoGm;&ef uwdxm;cJh=uonf?
rJacgif vlukeful;r_qef@usifa&;yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_ Coordinated Mekong Ministerial Initiative against Trafficking (COMMIT) [k
trnf&onfh Tvkyfief;pOftm; 2004 ckESpf atmufwkdbmvwGif uarBm'D;,m;/
w&kwf/ avm/ jrefrm/ xkdif;ESifh AD,uferfEkdifiHwkd@jzifh w&m;0ifpwifcJhonf?3
COMMIT u jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif; zdtm;ay;aeaomjy\emjzpfonfh
vlukeful;jcif;tm; w&m;0iftodtrSwfðyjcif;wnf;omru jrefrmEkdifiHtm;
a'otzGJ@0ifEkdifiHtjzpfxnfhoGif;xm;um xdkjy\emtm; wifjy&efESifh
ajz&Sif;vkyfaqmif&efjzpfonf?
T COMMIT vkyfief;pOfonf a'owGif;&Sdtpkd;&t&m&Sdrsm;twGif; qufoG,fr_
uGef&ufwnfaxmifay;xm;um ‚[email protected]@tñuHrsm;tm;r#a0jcif;tjyif
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif rlvuwnf;ucsrSwfxm;onfh toifhawmfqkH;EkdifiHwum vkyfaqmifr_
wkd@tm; aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf? ‚tcsufonf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif; tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;ESifh ukvor~Xmersm;twGuf vlukeful;r_rsm;qef@usifa&;aqmif&Guf&mwGif
vkdtyfonfhtaetxm;tm; ay;tyfxm;ayonf? xkd@jyif vlukeful;r_umuG,f&ef
tpkd;&udk ulnDaxmufyHhjcif; tygt0if ta0;a'orSa&mif;pm;jcif;cH&oltm;
umuG,f&efjzpfonf? aemufqkH;taeESifh xkd 6 EkdifiHtwGif; rnfonhftpkd;&u
vlukeful;r_wkdufzsufa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd t&Sdeft[kefjrSifhxdrf;odrf; aqmif&Gufaeonfukd
tpkd;&rsm;tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif xnfhoGif;oHk;oyfvkyfaqmifjcif; jzifh vlukeful;r_
wkdufzsufa&;udPtay: yl;aygif;aqmif&GufEkdifcJh=uonf?
Tvkyfaqmifr_wkd@onf wkd;wufr_wkd@tm; (trsm;pk+yD;pD;&efvkdtyfae)
tm;ay;aeayonf? jrefrmEkdifiHwGif vlukeful;jcif;qef@usifa&;a&ShwGif pdefac:r_
tenf;qkH; okH;&yf&Sdonf? ‚wkd@rSm -
tultnDtrSefwu,fvkdtyfaeonfholrsm;xHokd@ tultnD �wkduf&kdufa&muf&Sdjcif;&Sdr&Sd aocsmatmifvkyfaqmifa&;?
xda&mufonfh 0ifa&mufumuG,fvkyfaqmifr_jzifh vlukeful;cH&olrsm;OD;a&av#mh �csjcif;? ( tumtuG,fay;r_onf o,f,lykd@aqmifa&;vrf;a=umif;rsm;wav#muf
(okd@) e,fpyfòrd@rsm;ESifh ‚a'orsm;=um;&Sd &nfrSef;xm;&mae&mrsm;odkh
OD;wnfcsuftwkdif;a&mufra&muf qufvufI tajctwifaqG;aEG;jcif;?)
vlukeful;r_qef@usifv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tm;csOf;uyfvkyfaqmif&mwGifjzpfajrmufjcif �;&Sdr&SdnSdE_dif;aqmif&Gufjcif;? (ukvor~Xmersm;ESifh ðyvkyfcH&olrsm;apmifha&Smuf
a&;Xmersm; xHrS t=uHnm%f&&Sda&;twGuf jrefrmtpkd;&taejzifh ta&;,l
aqmif&Gufr_rsm;vkyfaqmifE_dif&ef EkdifiHawmfpDrHudef; rl=urf;a&;qGJae+yDjzpfonf?)
vlukeful;r_qef@usifa&;rsm;wGif vkyfaqmif&efvkdtyfonhftcsufrsm;pGmusef&Sd
aeayonf? xkd@tjyif vuf&Sd wkd;wufr_rSmvnf; +yD;jynfhpkHonfhtaetxm;ESifh
a0;uGmv#uf&Sdaeayao;onf? rnfokd@qkdapumrl vlr_a&;apmifha&Smufr_
tultnDay;tyfolrsm;taeESifh pDrHudef;vkyfaqmifa&;pdefac:r_ESifh
EkdifiHa&;tajctaersm;tm; &ifqkdif&onfhae&mwGif vlukeful;r_qef@usifa&;v_yf
&Sm;r_ajcvSrf;rsm;onf ar#mfvifhcsuftvif;wef;wpfckjzpfonf? vlukeful;r_qef@
usifa&;onf tdyfcsftkdifAD (attkdif'Dtufpf) wkdufzsufa&;jzpfouJhokd@ vmwfpm;r_
qefhusifa&;ESifh pepfwuspDpOfxm;onfh&mZ0wfr_wkdufzsufa&;vnf;jzpfayonf?
ykdIta&;}uD;onfhtcsufrSm vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;twGufwkdufyGJ jzpfaoma=umifh
udk,fydkifvGwfvyfcGifhESifh w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;twGufvnf;jzpfonf? wkd;wufr_rSm
aES;auG;aumif;aES;auG;ayrnf? ao;i,faumif;ao;i,fayrnf? okd@aomf
trSwfwrJhxm;onfht&m rjzpfoifhonfrSm taotcsmyifjzpfonf?
eDukdvwf0if;jrifhonf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif 2003 ckESpfrS 2007 ckESpftxd tvkyfvkyfukdifcJhonf?
r=umrDu rJacgiftxl;a'o ukvor~EkdifiHwumXmevlukeful;r_wkdufzsufa&;pDrHudef; UN Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking in the Greater Mekong-Subregion (UNIAP www.no-trafficking.org) wGifwm0ef,lcJhaom yk~Kdvfjzpfonf? Taqmif;yg;onf
yk~Kdvfa&;t& aqmif&GufedkifcJhonfhtaetxm;jzifh a&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfonf?
xkd@a=umifhukvor~. tjrifESifh &_axmifhrsm;tm; ukd,fpm;rðyyg?
40 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
2007 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmv 25 &ufae@wGif &kd[if*smOD;&nf 240 avmuftm;
rav;&Sm;EkdifiHokd@ vlarSmifckd ckd;xkwfvmonfh ig;zrf;oabFmwpfpD;ESifh ul;wkd@
avSESpfpD;wkd@onf b*Fvm;yifv,fauG@twGif; epfjrKyfoGm;cJhonf? vl 80
avmuftoufraousef&SdcJhI tjcm;yk~Kdvftm;vkH;wkd@ a&epfaoqkH;cJh=uonf?
wywft=umwGif tjcm;avSxyfjrKyfjyefI tqkdt& jrefrmha&wyfu ypfcwf
ESpf¹r_yfcJhjcif;[kod&onf? vlOD;&nf 150 avmuf aornf[k,kH=unf&onf?
&kd[if*smrsm;pGmtaeESifh zdESdyfr_/ cGJjcm;qufqHr_ESifh tvGef@tvGefqkd;&Gm;onfh
qif;&JiwfrGwfr_wkd@rS vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf tœ&m,fa&m¹yGef;aeonfh
yifv,fjyifc&D;tm; xGufcGma&;twGuf avSoabFmay:wuf&ef
tqifoifhjzpfae=uonf? 2008 ckESpf rwfv 3 &ufae@wGif oD&dvuFma&wyfu
tif*sifysufI tdd,ork'&mwGif 22 &ufcef@arsmaeonfhavSrS &kd[if*smtrsm;pkygonfh
c&D;oGm; 71a,muftm; u,fq,fcJhonf? ta,mufESpfq,frSm iwfjywfr_
ESifh cœmukd,fwGif;a&"mwfukefqkH;r_a=umifh vrf;wGifaoqkH;cJh+yD;jzpfonf ?
tm&uefpDrHudef;tzGJ@ The Arakan Project u 2007 ckESpf atmufwkdbm
a&a=umif;oGm;vma&;umvrS vuf&Sdumvtxd vlOD;&nf 5000 tygt0if 2006
ckESpf atmufwkdbmvrS 2008 rwfvv,ftxd avSvkdufol 8000 ausmfcef@
b*Fvm;urf;ajcrS xkdif;EkdifiHESifh rav;&Sm;EkdifiHwkd@okd@ xGufcGmoGm;=uonf[k cef@
rSef;cJhonf?
xkd&kd[if*smwkd@rSm t&nftwGuftm;jzifh 725000 cef@&Sd b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHESifh
ab;csif;uyfvsufwnf&Sdonfh &ckdifjynfe,fajrmufykdif;wGiftajccsaexkdif=u onfh
rlqvifvlenf;pk vlrsKd;pkjzpfonf? wkdif;&if;om;/ bmompum;ESifh bmomw&m;wkd@.
qufEG,fr_t& ppfwaumif;bef*gvDvlrsKd;wkd@ESifh qufEG,fywfoufonf? &kd[if*smwkd@
taeESifh 1982 ckESpf jrefrmEkdifiHom;Oya' a=umifh EkdifiHrJhrsm;b0 a&mufcJh=u&onf?
xkdtcsdefrSpI ‚[email protected]_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tay: cGJjcm;qufqHa&;vkyfaqmifr_rsm;/
vufxyf&eftwGuf txl;cGifhðyr_vkdtyfcsuf/ ajr,modrf;ykdufcH&jcif;/
t"Rvkyftm;ay;apckdif;r_ESifh xif&mjrif&mtcGefaumuf cHjcif;tjyif usef;rma&;ESifh
ynma&;axmufyHhr_rsm;tm; vpfvsL&_cH&jcif;ponfh jyif;xefonfhcsKyfcs,fr_rsm;
tygt0if ‚wkd@tm;qef@usifvkyfaqmifaeonfh qkd;&Gm;onfh vltcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_
rsm;tm; &ifqkdifñuHawG@=u&ayonf?
b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHonf 1978 wGifwpf}udrf 1991-92 wGif
wpf}udrf &kd[if*sm'kQonfpkpkaygif; 250000 wkd@
tpkvkdufxGufcGmr_ESpf}udrfpvkH;. a&muf&Sd&mt&yfjzpfcJh+yD;
t}udrfwkdif; EkdifxufpD;eif; csrSwfvkyfaqmifr_atmuf
ae&yfa'ojyefykd@cH&r_aemufqufwGJ jzpfyGm;cJhonf? ,cktcg
b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiH ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;
}uD;&kH;.}uD;=uyfr_atmuf&Sd w&m;0if'kQonfpcef;ESpfckwGif
'kQonf 26000 cef@usef&Sdaeayonf? jyefykd@cH&+yD;aemufykdif;
'kwd,t}udrfxyfrHxGufajy;a&muf&Sdvmonfh
'kQonfrsm;pGmyg0ifonfh cef@rSef;ajc 'kQonfESpfodef;wkd@
onf wUeAfòrd@teD;&Sd aus;&Gmrsm;ESifh pcef;jyify&Sd òrd@
pGefusL;ausmf&yfuGufrsm; okd@r[kwf w&m;0ifr[kwfonfh
,m,DokH;pcef;rsm;wGif vlom;csif;pmemonfh
taxmuftyHhESifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ tenf;i,f (okd@)
vkH;0r&&Sdonfh taetxm;twGif; ra&r&maexkdif=u&onf?
b*Fvm;a'h&SfxufausmfvGefIjzpfay:ae onfh
&kd[if*smwkd@0ifa&mufvmr_rsm;onf txl;tqef;r[kwfay?
q,fpkESpfrsm;pGmtwGif; vlarSmifckdukefonfrsm;u &kd[if*smwkd@
tm; ‚wkd@trsm;pktaeESifh ,m,DaexkdifcGifh&&Sdonfh
aqmf'Dtma&As/ yguPwefESifh tm&yfapmfbGm;jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH
(,lattD;) EkdifiHwkd@okd@ ykd@ay;ae=uonf? aqmf'Dtma&Asu
ykdrkdoGm;a&muf&ef ESpfoufonfh a&muf&Sd&mjzpfaomfvnf;
2005 ckESpfukefwGif rav;&Sm;EkdifiH uGmvmvrfylòrd@&Sd
ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;
}uD;&kH;taeESifh &kd[if*sm aomif;wpfaxmiftm;
,m,DumuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ ay;tyfpm&if;oGif;ay;cJhonf?
b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiH&Sd c&D;oGm;at;*sifhrsm;u ‘b*Fvm;
a'h&SfEkdifiHul;vufrSwfrsm;’/ [wfcs okd@r[kwf trf&m jynf0ifcGifhADZmrsm;tjyif
av,mOfvufrSwfrsm;ukdygpDpOfI rUmòrd@odk@oGm;a&muf&ef vkyfaqmifay;=uonf?
c&D;pOftwGuf ,cifa&muf&Sdtajccsaexkdif=uonfh a&$@ajymif;aexkdifrnfholwkd@.
aqGrsKd;om;csif;wkd@u tukeftuscHay;=uonf?
,cifESpfrsm;u avSrsm;pGmu &kd[if*smwkd@tm; xkdif;EkdifiHrSwqifh
rav;&Sm;okd@o,f,lykd@aqmifay;cJh=uonf? okd@aomf pOf;pm;p&mjzpfavmufatmif
avSrsm;t&nftwGufazmif;yGr_jzpfvmcJhonf? &ckdifjynfe,fajrmufykdif;&Sdvl@
tcGifh ta&;tajctaersm; qufwkdufwGef;xkwfonfhu¾ jzpfvmpOfwGif
Txkd;wufjrifhrm;vmonfh avSvkdufolOD;&nftay: odomxif&Sm;onfh
ykdrkdqkd;0g;r_tm; &Sif;jyE_difonfh taetxm; r&Sdaomfvnf; a&maxG;aeonfh
taetxm;rsm;pGmjzifh vlwkd@tm;qGJxkwfaeonfhu¾rSm tawmfav;&Sdaeayonf?
2005 ckESpf tPvrftpGef;a&[email protected];azmufcGJa&;v_H@aqmfrl
rsm;t& b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHwGif vkHðcHa&;wif;=uyfr_twkdif;twmrsm;tm;
taumiftxnfazmfcJhjcif;u b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHul;vufrSwfrsm;tm; 0,f,l&ef
tvGeftrif; tcuftcJjzpfapcJhonf? Ttcsufu aqmf'Dtma&AD;,m;tkyfcsKyf
a&;wGif jynf0ifcGifhADZmay;a&;ESifh avqdyfwGif vl0ifr_}uD;=uyfa&; xdrf;csKyfr_
Oya'pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh wkdufqkdifwif;=uyfcJhonf? tjcm; rwluGJjym;onfh
0ifa&muftajc csa&;vrf;a=umif;rsm;rSm ,cktcg &kd[if*smwkd@twGuf
ydwfvkeD;tajctaejzpfae+yD;/0 rav;&Sm;EkdifiHu rlqvifwkd@twGuf
vuf&SdtajctaewGif vufcHE_difonfhtajctaejzpfonfhtjyif yifv,fc&D;&Snfu
b*Fvm;a'hESifh jrefrmEkdifiHrS c&D;oGm;vufrSwfrvkdtyfbJ xGufcGmE_difonfh
wpfckwnf;aom a&G;cs,fr_jzpfonf?
rav;&Sm; - t"duOD;wnfcsuf
EkdifiHrJh&kd[if*smaxmifaygif;rsm;pGmwkd@onf rav;&Sm;wGif omvGefaumif;
rGefonfhb0tdyfruft& jrefrmEkdifiHESifh b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHwkd@rS
xGufcGma&;vkyfaqmifae=uonf?
tm&S. opfvGifonfh avSvkdufolrsm;c&pf(pf) vD0g
xkdif;EkdifiH
wGif
tzrf;cHcJh
&onfh
avSvkduf
olrsm;/
2008 ckESpf
GH
RE w
ww.
ghre
.org
FMR 30 41armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
2006 ckESpf =o*kwfvwGif rav;&Sm;EkdifiHu &kd[if*smwkd@twGuf aexkdifvkyfukdifcGifh
cGifhjyKcsufwkd@tm; pwifI pm&if;ay;oGif;cJhonf? twkta,mifrsm;tjzpfpGyfpGJr_wkd@u
xkdvkyfief;pOftm; qkdif;ihHapcJhaomfvnf; wkd;wufonfh pD;yGm;a&;ywf0ef;usif
taexm;tay:wGif pm&if;oGif;jcif;ESifh tvkyftukdiftcGifhtvrf;wkd@u
&ckdifjynfe,fajrmufydkif;ESifh b*Fvm;a'h&Sf&Sd &kd[if*smrsm;t=um; aumv[mvwkd@ukd
awmrD;uJhokd@ jyef@ESH@apcJhonf?
&ckdifjynfe,fajrmufykdif;&Sd a'ocH vlarSmifckdr_ESifh vlpkaqmif;a&;uGef,ufrsm;wkd@
jrefqefpGmaqmv#ifpGm ay:aygufvmcJhonf? a&S@vmrnfhyk~Kdvfwkd@twGuf
oabmwlnDr_ESpfckwkd@ay;tyfcJhonf? tar&duefa':vm 300 atmufaiGjzifh xkdif;EkdifiH
awmifykdif;urf;ajcokd@ yifv,fxGufayguf odk@r[kwf c&D;pOfwpfpkHvkH; rav;&Sm;ta&muf
a':vm 700 rS 1000 txdwkd@jzpfonf? rsm;aomtm;jzifh avSvkdufrnfhc&D;onfwkd@rSm
touf 18 ESpfrS 40 twGif; trsKd;om;rsm;jzpf=u+yD; &SpfESpfom;avmufom&Sdonfh
i,f&G,fonfh uav;rsm;ukdvnf; awG@&onf?
b*Fvm;a'h&SfwGif wkdawmif;onfhtcsdeftwGif; tul;tajymif;vkyfrnfh
&ckdifjynfe,fajrmufykdif;rS rsm;aomtm;jzifhpwifonfhvrf;a=umif;u xkdif;EkdifiHukdjzwfI
rav;&Sm;okd@qufvufxGufcGmonf? yifv,fjzwfoef;r_u wpfywfcef@=umonf?
trsm;tm;jzifh/ okd@wnf;r[kwf tm;vkH;taeESifhr[kwfapumrl avSrsm;taeESifh
qkdufa&muf&mwGiftzrf;cH&onfh taetxm;twGuf xkdif;EkdifiHrSwqifhoGm;vma&;u
vkHðcHonf[k,lq=uonf? rav;&Sm;wGiftzrf;cH&rnfqkdygu
&nf&Snfxdrf;odrf;cH&rnfjzpfum e,fpyfukdjzwfI xkdif;bufokd@ESifxkwfcH&ayrnf?
arSmifckdyGJpm;rsm;. &_yfaxG;onfh uGef,ufrsm;u trsm;tm;jzifh okd@aomf
oD;jcm;r[kwfonfh &kd[if*smwkd@taeESifh &ckdifjynfe,fajrmufykdif;rS b*Fvm;a'h&Sfokd@/
b*Fvm;a'h&SfrS xkdif;EkdifiHESifh tqkH;wGif xkdif;urf;pyfrScGmI rav;&Sm;okd@ &kd[if*smwkd@
tm; o,f,lykd@aqmifa&; tqifhrsm;pGmwGif yg0ifywfouf=uonf? xkdav;EkdifiHwkd@rS
Oya'jyXmef;onfhyk~Kdvfwkd@ESifh yl;aygif;vdrfvnf&ef nSdxm;onfh uGef,ufrsm;tm;
vkyfaqmif=uonf?
2007 ckESpf rwfv 21 &ufae@txd xkdif;EkdifiHawmifykdif; yifv,furf;ajcwGif
tzrf;cH&onfh avSvkdufolrsm;rSm tcsdefwkdtxdrf;odrf;cH&I aemufykdif; rJaqmufòrd@
teD; typftcwf&yfpJxm;onfh e,fajrwGif;okd@ ‘w&m;r0if’ ESifxkwfcHcJh&onf?
yGJpm;rsm;u ‚wkd@xHrS xkdif;EkdifiHrS rav;&Sm;okd@ykd@aqmif&eftwGuf tar&duefa':vm
700 tca=u;aiG,lxm;onfhtay: jyefv$wfay;=uonf? xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@u
aemufykdif;wGif vltenf;i,fwkd@tm; jrefrmvl0ifr_}uD;=uyfa&;tm%mykdifrsm;vufokd@
(prf;oyfonfhtaetxm;jzpfayrnf) jyefykd@a&;vkyfaqmifcJhonf? okd@aomf
xkdESifxkwfcH&olrsm;tm; aemufae@wGif xkdif;bufokd@ jyefwGef;xkwfcJhonf?
okd@aomfvnf; 2007 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmv yifv,fc&D;oGm;&moDopftpuwnf;u
ueOD;xdrf;odrf;r_rsm;tm; r=um;od&awmhI xkdavSvkdufolrsm;
b,fqDb,furf;a&mufukef=uonfukd rod&awmhonfhtwGuf Ttaetxm;rSm
ta&;w}uD;pkd;&drfzG,f&mudPjzpfvmonf? xkdif;EkdifiHawmifykdif;wGif ‚wkd@tm; xkdif;vl0ifr_
}uD;=uyfa&;tm%mykdifwkd@u rav;&Sm;e,fpyfteD;wGif yGJpm;rsm;xHv$Jajymif;ay;I
qufvuf arSmifckdjzwfoef;0ifa&mufa&;twGuf
‚wkd@xHrS aiG&onftxd qufvufzrf;qD;xdrf;odrf;xm;onf[k qkdonf?
xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfwGifuJhokd@ xkdif;rav;e,fpyfwGifvnf; ‚[email protected];qD;xm;olrsm;tm;
aiGay;vmapa&;vkyfaqmifr_zdtm;taeESifh ykHrSef&kdufESuf=uonf? ray;E_difolrsm;tm;
pkdufysKd;a&;ykdif&Sifrsm;okd@r[kwf ig;zrf;avSykdif&Sifrsm;xHa&mif;pm;I csnfaESmifxm;onfh
tvkyform;rsm;tjzpfvkyfukdifaponf?
aemufqkH; rav;&Sm;okd@ vlrsm;pGma&muf&SdcJh+yD; w&m;r0if0ifa&mufvmolrsm;tae
ESifh tvkyf&Sm=u&onf? okd@aomfvnf; vlrsm;pGmwkd@ vrf;wGifaysmufqkH;cJh=uonf?
xGufcGmonfhavSrsm;qufvuf rsm;vmonfhtwGuf aqGrsKd;aysmufowif;&Smonfh
rdom;pkrsm; ykdrkdrsm;jym;vm=uonf?
a'owGif;wkef@jyefaqmif&Gufr_rsm;jrefrmppftm%mykdifwkd@taeESifh &kd[if*smavSvkdufolwkd@. v_yf&Sm;r_tm;
ydwfqkd@a&;tay: pdwf0ifpm;ykH rjycJhay? 2007 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHwGif tzrf;cHcJh&onfh
avSvkdufoltcsKd@taeESifh acwWtzrf;cH&I jyefv$wfay;cJhjcif;cH&onf -vm'fxkd;t+yD;-
okd@r[kwfygu &kd;&Sif;pGmjzifh xkdif;EkdifiHa&ykdifeuftwGif; qGJ,lcHcJh&jcif;&Sdonf?
&kd[if*smrsm;.orkdif;onf (7) &mpktpykdif;rSpI tm&yfrlqvifukefonfrsm;
&ckdifjynfwGif vma&muftajcpkdufaexkdifonfh twdwfumvrSjzpfonf?
1950 ckESpf ygvDrefacwfwGif OD;Ek.tpkd;&u wkdif;&if;om;tjzpf
todtrSwfðycJhaomfvnf; 1983 ckESpf AkdvfcsKyfae0if;. ppftpkd;&u
jrefrmEkdifiHawmf EkdifiHom;Oya'ukd jyXmef;cJhonfhtcsdefrSpum ‚if;wkd@. EkdifiHa&;ESifh
tajccHOya't& ukd,fykdiftaxmuftxm; qkH;&_H;cJh&onf? Tvkyfaqmifr_u
&kd[if*smwkd@. vlenf;pkwkdif;&if;om;tjzpf todtrSwfðyxm;jcif;tm;
jiif;qefqef@usifcJhjcif; jzpfonf?
ppftkyfpktaeESifh &kd[if*smxktay: &Sif;vif;jywfom;onfh xkdpwef@
xGifvkyfaqmifr_ukd qufvufxdrf;odrf;xm;cJhonf? 1992 ckESpf azaz:0g&Dv
(26) &ufae@wGif xkwfjyefcJhonfh jrefrmhEkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme.
owif;xkwfjyefcsufwGif
“trSefrSm ,ae@jrefrmEkdifiHwGif wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pk 135 ckaexkdif=uaomfvnf;
&kd[if*smqkdonfholrsm; ryg0ifyg? orkdif;t& jrefrmEkdifiHawmfwGif ‘&kd[if*sm’ wkdif;
&if;om;vlrsKd;pkwpfckr&SdcJhbl;yg?” [k tpkd;&u a=ujimcJhonf?
2004 ckESpf {+yDvwGif ðyvkyfcJhonfh ukvor*~uav;tcGifha&;aumfrDwD.
a0zefcsufrsm;tm;wkef@jyefonfhtaeESifh ppftkyfpku &kd[if*smwkd@tm;
tjcm;vlrsKd;pktkyfpkrsm;ESifh arG;aopm&if;rSwfwrf;wifr_/ ynma&;/ usef;rma&;ESifh
vlr_a&;wkd@ESifh ywfoufonfhudpPrsm;wGif wef;wltcGifhta&;tjynfhay;xm;
a=umif; ajymqkdcJhjyefonf? xkd@jyif tm%modrf;ppftkyfpkonf b*FgvDwkdif;&if;om;
vlrsKd;pkwpfcktjzpf pm&if;oGif;um jrefrmEkdifiHwGif t+rJaexkdifonfhyk~Kdvfrsm;t jzpf
todtrSwfðyxm;+yD;jzpfa=umif;vnf; &nfn$ef;ajymqkdcJhonf?
okd@aomfvnf; vufawG@wGif &kd[if*smvlxk. tcGifhta&;rsm;rSm t}uD;
tus,fwm;qD;ydwfyifxm;jcif;cH ae&ayonf? &ckdifjynfajrmufykdif; urBmhukvo
r~'kuQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;ESifh tjcm;tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;.
wm0efcsxm;aqmif&Gufr_u &kd[if*sm'kuQonfwkd@. tusyftwnf;tm;
wpfpkHw&m wkd;wufaumif;rGefE_difaomfvnf; jrefrmppftkyfcsKyfolwkd@.
EkdifiHa&;oabmqEN ryg&Sdygu ‚if;[email protected]=uuGJzG,f&m'kuQtjzpftysufwkd@tm;
ajz&Sif;aqmif&GufE_difrnfr[kwfygay?
nDnDausmf ([email protected]) onf pifumylEkdifiH eef,ef; pufr_wUokdvf Nanyang Technological University tufpf &m*s&erf
EkdifiHwumbmom&yfrsm;qkdif&mavhvma&;ausmif;. (S Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) EkdifiHwumEkdifiHa&;pD;yGm;a&;od`Hausmif;
om;jzpfonf? jrefrmrlqvifwpfOD;jzpfonfh nDnDausmfonf ‚if;. ody`HbGJ@
twGuf pifumylokd@ausmif;wuf&ef rvma&mufrDtcsdeftxd jrefrmEkdifiHwGif
aexkdifcJholjzpfonf? azazmf0g&Dv 2008 wGifT vuf&Sdaqmif;yg;xuf&Snfonfh
aqmif;yg;tjynfhtpkHtm; yxrqkH;t}udrf tufpf &m*s&erf EkdifiHwumbmom&yfrsm;
qkdif&mavhvma&;ausmif; (RSIS) . tifwmeuftGefvkdif;wGifazmfjyaom
a0zefa&;aqmif;yg;wGJrsm;wGif azmfjycJh+yD;jzpfonf? www.rsis.edu.sg/publications/Perspective/RSIS0122008.pdf
jrefrmEkdifiH. arhaysmufxm;jcif;cH&onfh jynfolrsm;
nDnDausmf
42 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
rnfokd@yifjzpfap rsm;r=umrDu jrefrmurf;ajcwGifqkdufuyfvmonfh avStcsKd@
rS avSvkdufolrsm;tm; w&m;r0ifEkdifiHwGif; jyef0ifvmr_jzifh axmif'%f 7 ESpfpD
csrSwfcHcJh&onf?
b*Fvm;a'h&Sfu &kd[if*smavSvkdufolrsm; vlukeful;r_ukd ajcvSrf;tenf;i,fr#jzifhom
qef@usifvkyfaqmifaeonf? 2007 ckESpf atmufwkdbmvrSpI b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiH
Oya'ðyXmersm;taeESifh xGufcGmrnfhae&mrsm;ESifh jrefrme,fpyfjzwfausmfa&;
vrf;rsm;wGif zrf;qD;r_t&SdefjrSifhcJh=uonf? vltenf;i,fom ewfjrpfukdjzwfI
jrefrmjynfbufokd@ jyefvnfwGef;xkwfykd@aqmifjcif;cH&onf? ykHrSeftaeESifh c&D;oGm;wkd@
omtzrf;cH&I arSmifckdukefonfrsm;rSm xkdvlukeful;r_vGwfvyfpGmvkyfaqmif&ef
tm%mykdifwkd@tm; rorma=u;ay;xm;onfhtwGuf tzrf;cH&onfhtxJwGif ryg0ifay?
tzrf;cH&onfh yGJpm;wkd@tm; r=umrDjyefv$wfay;onfomjzpfonf?
tul;tajymif;EkdifiHwpfckjzpfonfh xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh txl;ojzifh pdefac:r_w&yftm;
&ifqkdif&onf? xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@u &kd[if*smwkd@tm; trsKd;om;vkHðcHa&;csdef;ajcm
ufoltjzpf oabmaygufxm;onf? rav;&Sm;okd@ykd@ay;rnfh yGJpm;wkd@xHykd@ay;onfh
‘w&m;0ifr[kwfonfh jyefykd@jcif;’ ykHpHrSm ae@pOfpDrHcsufjzpfI '%fcwfonfxuf
acgif;ykHjzwfaqmif&Gufonfh csOf;uyfr_wpfckyifjzpfonf? xkd@a=umifh xkdaqmif&Gufr_u
jzpfE_difajc&SdpGmESifh xyfrHqGJxkwfr_tm; zefwD;ay;onf?
&kd[if*smwkd@tm; rav;&Sm;. tvkyfESifhaexkdifcGifhygrpfay;rnfh uwdu
aysmufuG,fvkjzpfaeykHay:onf? pm&if;ay;oGif;a&;vkyfief;pOfrSm aocsmr_uif;rJhpGm
a&$@qkdif;xm;I qufvkyfrnfhhtajctaerSmvnf; taetxm;r&SdonfukdawG@&onf?
'kQonfrsm;tygt0if w&m;r0if0ifa&mufvmolrsm;tm; òzdcGif;a&;qkdonfrSm
qef;=u,fonfht&mr[kwfawmhay? uBmhukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;
}uD;&kH;u &kd[if*smwkd@tm; ,m,DumuG,fapmifha&Smufr_&ap&ef pm&if;oGif;r_tm;
2005 ckESpfukefwGif &yfqkdif;xm;cJh&m ,cktcsdeftxdjyefvnfpwifvkyfaqmifr_
r&Sdao;ay?
xkda&a=umif;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;u ckdv_Hvkdolrsm;tm; tumtuG,fay;rnfh ,œ&m;rSm csdeJ@
ae+yD;jzpfonfhtjyif ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;
&kH;. vkyfykdifcGifh usOf;ajrmif;aeonfh a'owcktwGif; ta&;ay:pdefac:r_
jzpfvmonf? rnfonfh oufqkdif&mEkdifiHur# 'kQonfqkdif&moabmwlpmcsKyftm;
vufrSwf a&;xkd;xm;jcif;r&Sdonfomru 'kQonfumuG,fapmifha&Smuf
a&;twGuf jynfwGif;Oya'rsm;tm; ðypkvkyfaqmifr_vnf;r&Sday? ‚wkd@
taeESifh Tv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tm; pD;yGm;a&;a=umifh arSmifckd0ifa&mufvmolrsm;[k
owfrSwfI &kd[if*smavSvkdufolrsm;tm; ckdv_Hvkdolrsm;tjzpf jrif&ef jyifqifvkyf
aqmifxm;jcif;r&Sdonfhtjyif ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;.
yg0ifaqmif&Gufr_ukdvnf; cGifhðyxm;jcif;r&Sday? &kd[if*smavSvkdufolrsm;taeESifh
pD;yGm;a&;jy\emwpfckwnf;omr[kwfbJ pepfwuszdESdyfr_/ cGJjcm;qufqHr_ESifh
vltcGifhta&;csKd;azmufjcif;wkd@rS vGwfajrmuf&eftwGuf Ttœ&m,frsm;vSonfh
c&D;pOfrsm;ukdoGm;a&muf&ef avSoabFmay:wufae=ujcif;tm; oHo,jzpfp&mrvkday?
xkd@a=umifh &kd[if*smavSvkdufolrsm;u jrif&kHr#ESifh Oya'a=umif;t&vkHavmufonfh
tajccHwGif ‘tav;xm;&rnfh yk~Kdvfrsm;’ taeESifh wifjyE_difonfomjzpfonf?
T avSrsm;jzifhvkyfaqmifaeonfh v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tm; ykHrSeftaeESifh
vlta&mif;t0,fvkyfjcif;xuf vlarSmifckdjcif;[lI todtrSwfðyxm;onf?
ta=umif;rlum; ‚wkd@taeESifh y,fvmrkdoabmwlpmcsKyf. vla&mif;0,fr_t"d`g,f
zGifhqkdcsufwGifazmfjyxm;onfh tajctaetm;vkH;ESifh oufqkdifr_r&Sdjcif;a=umifhyif
jzpfonf? pmcsKyfwGif v_yf&Sm;r_wpfck. t"d`g,ftjzpf (vSnfhjzm;jcif; odk@r[kwf t"RðyI)
ESifh acgif;ykHjzwftjrwfxkwfonfhtaetxm;okd@ ykd@aqmifjcif;wkd@jzpfonf? rnfokd@jzpfap
tu,fI pmcsKyfygtwkdif; xkdif;EkdifiHwGif okd@r[kwf rav;&Sm;EkdifiHwGif vufcHonfh
yGJpm;rsm;u ‚wkd@tm; t"Rvkyftm;ay;apckdif;jcif; odk@r[kwf u|efðyckdif;apjcif;
vkyfaqmifygu TonfrSm vla&mif;0,fr_ðyvkyfjcif;yifjzpfonf? xkdif;EkdifiHuvufrS
wfa&;xkd;xm;aomfvnf; vla&mif;0,fr_ESifh vlarSmifckdr_ pmcsKyfESpfcktm; vufrSwfa&
;xkd;cJhjcif;r&Sdonfhtjyif r=umrDuOya'ðycJhonfh vla&mif;0,fr_qef@usifwkdufzsufa&;
jynfwGif;Oya'wGifvnf; vufrSwfrxkd;cJhay? rav;&Sm;EkdifiHu rnfonfhEkdifiHwum
Oya'pmcsKyfrsm;ukdrS tzGJ@0iftaeESifh vkdufema&;xkd;r_rðyonfh EkdifiHjzpfonf? okd@
aomfjim;vnf; xkdoufqkdifonfhEkdifiH tm;vkH;taeESifh uav;rsm;taeESifh
umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&efvkdtyfonf [lonfh uav;tcGifhta&;twGuf TpmcsKyfyg
pnf;urf;csufrsm;atmufwGif vufrSwfa&;xkd;cJh=uonf? trSefrSm &kd[if*smwkd@
taeESifh EkdifiHrJhrsm;jzpfaeI ykdrkd&_yf axG;onfh udPrsm;jzpfyGm;aeonfhtay: EkdifiHw
umtokdif;t0kdif;taejzifh ‚wkd@. 'kQokQwkd@tm; txl;wifjyazmfxkwf&ef rwwfE_d
ifonfhtajctaejzpfonf?
EkdifiHwum. 'kQonfESifh EkdifiHrJhwkd@tm; umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; vkyfykdifcGifhwkd@a=umifh
ukvor~'kQonfqkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh vufcHrnfhEkdifiHrsm;ESifh
yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;wkd@jzifh yg0ifywfoufa&;ESifh ‚wkd@twGuf
oifhav#mfrnfh tajz&Sma&;aqmif&Guf&ef vkdtyfonf? vkHavmufonfh
umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_enf;AsL[mrsm;tm; xkdtpkd;&wkd@. w&m;0ifta&;ay:
aqmif&Gufcsuftjzpf ykHrSefr[kwfonfh v_yf&Sm;r_wkd@twGuftajymif;tvJtjzpf
taumiftxnfazmf&efjzpfaomfvnf; xkd&kd[if*smavSvkdufolrsm;.
tcGifhta&;rsm;tm;vnf; tmrcHcsufay;tyfoifhonfomjzpfyga=umif;?
c&pf(pf) vD0g ([email protected]) onf jrefrmEkdifiH
&kd[if*smvlenf;pk okawoeESifh tm;ay;aqmif&Gufr_wkd@tm; jr _yfESH
aqmif&Gufaeonfh tm&uefpDrHudef;tzGJ@ The Arakan Project [lonfh
tpkd;&r[kwfonfh a'ocHtzGJ@tpnf;. tusKd;aqmifyk~Kdvfjzpfonf?
1 www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/47cd360411.html wGif =unfhyg? 2 tm&uefpDrHudef;tzGJ@onf okawoeESifh tm;ay;r_vkyfaqmifaeonfh xkdif;EkdifiHtajcpkduf tpkd;&r[kwfonfh tzGJ@tpnf;jzpf+yD;
jrefrmEkdifiH &ckdifjynfe,fajrmufykdif;&Sd EkdifiHrJh&kd[if*smrsm;. twd'kQukd t"duxm;I vkyfaqmifaeonfh tzGJ@jzpfonf? c&pf(pf) vD0g.
pmwrf;ESifh tpD&ifcHpmrsm;tm; tGefvkdif;jrefrmhpm=unfhwkduf www.burmalibrary.org wGif awG@&SdE_difonf?
3 1982 ckESpf EkdifiHom;Oya'u jrefrmEkdifiHwGif +Adwdo#ukdvkdeDtkyfcsKyfa&;pwifcJhonfh 1823 rwkdifrDuwnf;utajccsaexkdifcJhonf
h wkdif;&if;om;tkyfpk0ifrsm;tm; EkdifiHom;tjzpf teufzGifhxm;onf? &kd[if*smwkd@tm; tpkd;&. ‘wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pk0if’ wkdif;&if;om; 135
rsKd;wGif xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;r_rðyonfhtwGufa=umifh EkdifiHrJholrsm;jzpfapcJhonf?
4 vla&mif;0,fr_ESifh vlarSmifckdr_pmcsKyf tm; www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CTO/index.html wGif
tjynfhtpkH awG@E_difygonf?
‘usJrm&,f umrm&,f’ qkdonfrSm u&ifeDbmompum;jzpfonfh
pum;tokH;tE_H;wpfckjzpfI vG,fvG,fbmomjyefrnfqkdygu t=urf;zsOf;taeESifh
‘=urf;wrf;onfh ausmufaqmif=um;’ okd@r[kwf ykdI wduspGmqkd&v#if ‘a&S@wkd;&efcuf/
aemufqkwf&efcuf’ [lIjzpfonf? xkdpmykd'fu ,cktcg wwd,EkdifiHwpfckckwGif
jzpfE_difajc&Sdonfh a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_tcGifhta&; ay;tyfxm;jcif;cH&onfh ‚wkd@
rsufvkH;rsm;u jrefrmEkdifiHbufokd@vSnfhI q,fpkESpfrsm;pGm 'kQonfpcef;rsm;xJwGif
aexkdifcJh=u&onfh xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfrS 'kQonf 145000 [email protected];r_tm;
qDav#mfpGm o&kyfazmfxm;onf? 2007 ckESpfwGif pcef;rsm;rS 'kQonf 14000 ausmftm;
wwd,EkdifiHrsm;okd@ a&$@ajymif;tajcpkduf=uI ESpfaomif;txdrsm;onfh 'kQonfwkd@
onfvnf; 2008 wGif a&$@ajymif;tajcpkdufE_difa&;tm; ar#mfvifhxm;=uonf?
wbufwGif a&S@okd@qufwkd;&ef tcuftcJ&Sdayonf? 'kQonfrsm;taeESifh
a&$@ajymif;tajcpkdufrnfqkdygu oGm;a&mufrnfh EkdifiHopftaeESifh
tquftpyft& ae&yfodk@jyefykd@jcif;ESifh a'owGif;aygif;pnf;aexkdif
apjcif;[lonfh ae&mwkd@twGuf ckdif+rJonfh qkH;jzwfcsufwkd@u jzpfE_dif
onfhtajctaer&SdonfhtwGuf a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_taeESifh wkd;jrSifhI
qGJaqmifr_ aumif;vmonf?
usefaecJh&efcufcJonfh tpktðyHvkdufa&$hhhajymif;ae&m
csxm;r_.tusKd;quf qlqef befuDESifh a[Z,fvf vef;*f
FMR 30 43armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
a&$@ajymif;
tajccscGifh
&&Sda&;zkdifwGif
'kuQonf
oufaocH
taxmuft
xm; jznfhae
onfh jrefrm
trsKd;orD;i,f
wpfOD;
r,fv
'kuQonfpcef;
xkdif;EkdifiH
rnfonfhb0rsKd;wGifae&rnfukd pdwfxJu pkd;&drfr_ESifh &_yfaxG;r_ jzpfay:aeayonf?
trsm;pku tpOD;ykdif;wGif ‚wkd@xJrS ynmtwwfqkH;olrsm;yifv#if qkd;&Gm;onfh
vlr_a&;/ pD;yGm;a&;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_wkd@. pdrfac:r_rsm;ESifh awG@ñuH&E_difonfukd
owdxm;rd=uonf? tjcm;wbufwGif tcuftcJ&Sd&kHr#ru jyefvm&efrSmvnf;
jzpfE_difajcr&Sdoavmufjzpfaeayao;onf? jrefrmppftkyfpk. apmfum;aESmuf,Sufr_
rsm;ESifh acgif;rmr_wkd@u vuf&SdtajctaewGif 'kQonfwkd@taeESifh tdrfjyef&efrSm jzpfE_d
ifonfht&mr[kwfonfh tajctaewGif&Sdaeayonf?
u&ifeDpmykd'fwGif wwd,tcsufwpfcsufxm; xyfxnfhay;&ayOD;rnf?
usefaecJh&efcufcJvSonf [lIyif? xkdif;EkdifiH pcef;rsm;twGif;&Sd 'kQonfrsm;taeESifh
vlom;csif;pmemonfhtultnDrsm;ay;tyfaeonfh tzGJ@tpnf;ESpfq,f.
ulnDaxmufyHhtm; cHpm;I w&m;0ifr+yD;jywfE_difonfhtaetxm;wGif
vufrSwf,l wef;pDI aexkdif&onfhtajctaewGif&Sdae=uonf? vuf&SdtcsdefwGif
pcef;wGif;aexkdifolrsm;. v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tm; uef@owfxdrf;csKyfxm;I
vltenf;i,favmufom pcef;rSxGufI toufarG;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh ynma&;
vkdufpm;&ef cGifhðyay;xm;onf?
xkda&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&; pDrHudef;u t&Sdef&vmaomfvnf; 'kQonftm;vkH;
a&$@ajymif;aexkdifrnfr[kwfonfukd owd&&ef ta&;}uD;onf? vkH;0 a&$@
ajymif;tajcpkdufrnfr[kwfonfh okd@r[kwf aemifESpfrsm;twGif; tcsdefwpkHw&mwGif
oGm;a&mufrnfh 'kQonfrsm;taeESifh vufawG@aqmif&Gufolrsm;ESifh
rl0g'csrSwfolrsm;. *&kpkdufr_ESifh xkdufwefonf? ta=umif;rSm ‚wkd@twGuf
a&&Snfa&wkd tumtuG,fay;a&;wkd@u xGufcGmtajcpkduf=urnfholwkd@xuf
ykdIjrifhjrwfaoma=umifhyif jzpfonf? Tta=umif;jycsuftwGuf xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfwGif
taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmifae=uonfh tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;.
yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;tzGJ@jzpfonfh xkdif;EkdifiHa&muf ae&yfrSxGufajy;cJh&olrsm;twGuf
yl;aygif;tultnDay;a&;aumfrDwD CCSDPT u usef&Sdaeonfh 'kQonfxktm;
a&$@ajymif;ae&csxm;r_vkyfaqmifjcif;. xdckdufr_tm; tqkH;tjzwfay;E_difonfh
tpD&ifcHpmwpfapmif ðypk&ef wm0efay;cJhonf?
xkdokawoeðyr_u yxrtaeESifh a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_rsm;u a&$@ajymif;vkdolwkd@.
ar#mfvifhcsufrsm;tm; wkd;jrSifhjznfhpnf;E_difcJhonfhtcsdefwGif usef&Sdolwkd@taeESifh
‚[email protected];ESifh vkyfazmfukdifbufrsm; xGufcGmoGm;onfhtay: pdwffysufjym;r_
jzpf&onfh tawG@tñuHESifh &ifqkdif&onfukd jyqkdcJhonf? a&$@ajymif;tajccsa&;u
jrefrmjynftajymif;tvJtwGuf vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufae=uonfh xkd'kQonfwkd@tm;
tm;r&Sdjzpfaponfhjyif jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;&Sd ppfajy;'kQonfwkd@twGuf tajctaewkd;wufr_
wpfckr#zefwD;vkyfaqmifE_dif onfh tajctaer&Sdacs?
'kwd,tcsuftaeESifh tpkvkduftðyHvkdufa&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&; vkyfaqmif
aeonfhtcsdefwGif E_dif;,SOfcsuft& ynmwwfrsm;/ t&nftcsif;&Sdolrsm;ESifh tawG@
tñuH&Sdonfh 'kQonfrsm;wkd@u tjcm;usef&Sdaeolwkd@xuf t&if oGm;a&muf cGifh&onf?
wpdwfwykdif;taeESifh tcsKd@ vufcHonfhEkdifiHrsm;u 'kQonftodtrSwfðyjcif;ESifh
rywfoufbJ ynma&;taumif;qkH;ESifh jrifhrm;onfh t&nftcsif;&Sdolwkd@
ouJhokd@ tajccHt"dy`g,fzGifhxm;onfh ‚wkd@ESifh ‘aygif;pnf; aexkdifrnhftcsKd;tpm;’
a&G;cs,fxm;onfh 'kQonfwkd@tm; *&kpkduf=uonf?
xkd@tjyif av#mufxm;olOD;pm;ay;a&G;cs,fr_jzpfonfh ‘wpfa,mufvm/
wpfa,mufoGm;' csOf;uyfr_ enf;vrf;wpfck. &nf&G,fcsufu pcef;rsm;xJwGif
t=umqkH;aexkdifolrsm;taeESifh OD;pGm oGm;a&muftajccsa&; jzpfonf? Tyk~Kdvfwkd@
taeESifh ynmtwwfqkH;ESifh t&nftcsif;&Sdonfh pcef;wGif;aexkdifolrsm;ESifh
tjyeftvSef tvGeftrif; qufpyfaeI a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;. yxrtqifhrsm;u
pcef;rsm;twGif; t&nftcsif;jynfh0onfh vkyfom;wkd@tm; w[kefxkd;avsmhenf;ap&ef
ykdrkdtm;ay;aeayonf?
vkyfE_difpGrf;qkH;&_H;jcif;E_dif;,SOfr_t& jrefqefonfh a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&; vkyfief;pOfjzpfI
ac:aqmifrnfh vlOD;&nftcsKd;tpm;owfrSwfr_ESifh ‘aygif;pnf;aexkdifa&;
tcsKd;tpm;’ wkd@tm; vufcHa&;pHtaeESifh xm;&Sdjcif;r&Sdonfh tar&dueftkyfpk
ae&mcsxm;a&;csOf;uyfr_u pcef;rsm;twGif;&Sd t&nftcsif;&Sdonfh acgif;aqmifrsm;
tcsKd;tq qkwf,kwfavsmhenf;vmonfh tqkH;wGif jyefvnf&nfn$ef;r_wkd@tm;
vkyfaqmif&ef vkdtyfonf? ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH; UNHCR taeESifh rSwfcsufcscJhonfu vlOD;&nfodompGm avsmhenf;oGm;ygu pcef;rsm;wGif;&Sd
ulnDaxmufyHha&; vkyfief;wkd@twGuf awmif;qkdr_vnf;avsmhenf;oGm;rnf[lI
jzpfonf? okd@aomf tcsKd@pcef;rsm;wGif zsufqD;r_wkd@vkyfaqmif+yD;jzpfI ,wdjywfeD;yg;
tajctaea&mufae+yD jzpfonf?
t&nftcsif;&Sdolrsm;ESifh ynmwwfwkd@xGufoGm;onfhtwGuf pcef;rsm;xJ&Sd
vkyfief;Xmersm;. tm;pkduf&mjzpfonfh ulnDaxmufyHha&;udPrsm;twGuf
vuf&Sd&Sdaeolrsm;xJwGif tpm;xkd;rnfholrsm;&SmazG&ef ykdrkdcufcJvmonf?
'kQonfpcef;rsm;taeESifh vkyfom;aps;uGufrjzpfawmhonfhtcsdefrSpI
tvGefta&;ygonfh OD;aqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;tygt0if r&Sdv#ifrjzpfonfh tvkyfwkd@
twGuf t&nftcsif;jynfh0onfh 0efxrf;rsm;tm; iSm;&rf;axmufyHha&;rSm tuef@
towftwkdif;twmESifhyif jzpfonf? txl;ojzifh tar&duef.a&$@ajymif; ae&m
csxm;a&;tkyfpkrcsOf;uyfrDuwnf;u a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_ vkyfaqmifaeonfh
tcsKd@pcef;rsm;wGif tajccHynma&;tqifhtwef;omom &Sdolwkdif; tvkyfcef@
xm;cJh+yD;jzpfonf? pcef;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh tawG@tñuHjynfh0onfh pDrHtkyfcsKyfolwkd@
onfvnf; xkdpcef;rsm;rS tcsKd;tpm;jrifhrm;pGm xGufcGmoGm;=u+yD;jzpfonf?
Ttcsufu pcef;b0. u¾ESpfckwkd@tm; tjyif;xefqkH;xdckdufapcJhonf? ‚wkd@u
usef;rma&;u¾ESifh ynma&;u¾wkd@ jzpfonf?
usef;rma&;u¾wGif txl;avhusifhxm;onfh 'kQonfusef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm;.
xGufcGmr_u tpkd;&ESifhrygwfoufonfh usef;rma&;XmetzGJ@tpnf;rsm;.
pHcsdefrDSaumif;rGefonfh usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_ t&nftaoG;tm;
tjyif;txefxdckdufcJhonf? 'kQonfr[kwfonhfq&m0efrsm; (txl;ojzifh xkdif; okd@
jynfajy;q&m0efrsm;) u 'kQonf0efxrf;wkd@tm; }uD;=uyfum oifwef;ykd@csay;onf?
okd@aomf 0efxrf;tzGJ@0ifopfwkd@tm; oifwef;ay;a&;rSm tcsdefomukefonfr[kwf
(aq;rSL;jzpf&ef 18 vcef@ESifh rdcifESifhuav;usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm;jzpfvm ap&ef
9vESifh wpfESpft=um; oifwef;ay;&onf?) tawG@tñuHrsm;vnf;vkdtyfayonf?
vlopfpkaqmif;oifwef;om;rsm;taeESifh tcsdefjynfhoifwef;&&Sdonfhwkdif
usef;rma&;u¾wGif OD;aqmifolrsm;taeESifh nHhjzif;pGmwm0ef,l
xrf;aqmifavh&Sdonf? pcef;wpfckwGif tajccHusef;rma&;Xmersm;xJrS wpfcktm;
0efxrf;rsm; xGufcGmoGm;=uojzifh ydwfxm;&ayonf? tjcm;pcef;wGif t&nftcsif;
jynfhrDSr_r&SdonfhtwGuf 0efxrf;trsm;tjym;tm; teD;tem;&Sd aq;&kHrS0efxrf;rsm;xH
v$Jajymif;wm0efay;cJh&a=umif; =um;od&onf? usef;rma&;0efxrf;t&nftwGuf
usqif;oGm;ojzifh pcef;rsm;twGif; vlxkusef;rma&;uyfqkdufrnfh tœ&m,frSm
ykdrkdjrifhrm;vmayonf?
ynma&;u¾wGif q&mrsm;onfvnf; E_dif;,SOf=unfhygu
jrifhrm;onfht&nftwGufESifh a&$@ajymif;tajccs&ef xGufcGmae=uonf?
q&maumif;rsm;tm; &SmazGa&;rSm t+rJcufcJvSI a&$@ajymif;tajccsa&;rsm;
pwif&ef OD;pm;ay;rsm;xJwGif&Sdaeum usef&Sdolrsm;uvnf; aemifwGif
qufvufoGm;a&muf=uOD;rnfjzpfonf? okd@aomf ykdrkdpkd;&drf}uD;r_
jzpf&onfhtaetxm;rSm }uD;=uyfolrsm;/ ausmif;tkyfq&mrsm;/ bmom&yfnSdE_d
if;a&;rSL;rsm;/ q&mjzpfoifwef;q&mrsm;ESifh tjcm; ynma&;tvkyftaºuG;ðyae=uonfh
0efxrf;rsm;tm; qkH;&_H;r_yifjzpfonf? xkdajrmufrsm;pGmaom yk~Kdvfrsm;tm;
oif&kd;n$ef;wrf;ðypkjcif;/ pmoifcef;wGif; pDrHcef@cGJa&;ESifh ausmif;}uD;=uyfa&; ponfh
ynma&;taxmuftyHhðyaomhcsufwkd@tm; ykd@csay;xm;ayonf? ynma&;qkdif&m
vrf;n$efr_ay;E_difonfh yk~Kdvfwkd@tm; qkH;&_H;r_u a&&Snfwm0efxrf;aqmifaeonfh
IOM
200
7/M
TH02
39/
Thie
rry
Falis
e
44 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
q&mrsm;/ oif=um;r_t&nftaoG;tay: v$rf;rkd;E_difr_ESifh }uD;=uyfppfaq;r_ESifh
oifwef;rsm;ay;tyfjcif;wkd@tm; qkH;&_H;&onfhjy\emwkd@tm; jrifhwufvmaponf?
ynma&;u¾taeESifh a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_a=umifh xdckdufapjcif;twGuf
tjcm; ta=umif;jycsufESpfck &Sdonf? yxrwGif q&mrsm;taeESifh
tjcm;tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. 0efxrf;rsm;xuf enf;onfh
axmufyHha=u;aiGom &&Sd=uonfhtwGuf xkdq&mrsm;tm; ykdrdkay;onfh
vpfvyfaeonfh tjcm;tvkyfwkd@u a&$@ajymif;vkyfaqmif&ef qGJaqmifaeonfhtwGuf
tjcm;u¾rsm;[email protected];&_H;r_xufykdrkdqkd;&Gm;&onfrSm ynma&;u¾.
vkHavmufr_r&Sdonfhtaetxm;yif jzpfonf? 'kwd,tcsuftaeESifh
ynma&;vkyfief;Xmewkd@csrSwfxm;onfh t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&;csOf;uyfr_rSm
ae&yfjyefykd@a&;pOf;pm;csuft& ykHpHcsxm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf? twdtusqkd&v#if 'kQonfwkd@
tm; ukd,fykdifoifwef;rsm;/ }uD;=uyfjcif;ESifh tpD&ifcHjcif;wkd@tm; csrSwfvkyfaqmifa&;
jrSifhwifay;jcif;wkd@jzpfonf? xkwu,fhcsOf;uyfr_u ,cktcg ynma&;pepftm;
ykdrkdusqif;aprnfh aysmhuGufjzpfaponf?
wlnDonfhtwkdif;twm r[kwfonfhwkdif pcef;tkyfcsKyfa&;u¾onfvnf;
a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_a=umifh xdckdufr_tcsKd@tm; cHpm;rdcJh=uonf?
t"duyk~Kdvfwkd@. vkdtyfr_u vuf&Sdusef&Sdaeonfh aumfrDwDtzGJ@0ifwkd@twGuf
ykdrkdav;vHonfh0efrsm;tm; xrf;&Guf&onfhtaetxm;jzpfvm aomfvnf;
tokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. 0efxrf;rsm;pGm a&$@ajymif;tajcpkdufr_
wkd@. xdckdufr_tm; vkdufrDap&ef pDrHcef@cGJE_difonfht&mjzpfojzifh E_dif;,SOfr_t&
TvkyfykdifcGifhrsm;twGif; acsmarG@atmifjrifap&ef ‚wkd@zGJ@pnf;ykHrsm;. cGifhðyr_
enf;vrf;wkd@tm; ay;tyfcJhonf?
t&Hoifh&Sdonfhvlpktm;vkH;taeESifh pcef;wGif; ynmwwfESifh tawG@tñuHjynfh0olwkd@
avsmhenf;vmonfhtwGuf tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u taumif;qkH;&E_difrnfh
0efxrf;rsm;tm; &SmazG=u&onf? xkd@jyif tokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm;
tvkyftaºuG;ðyaeonfh t&nftcsif;jynfh0onfh pcef;tajcpkdufaexkdifolrsm;twGuf
tòydifvkyfukdif&rnfrSm ajr}uD;vufcwfrvGJay? tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wGif
tcsdefjynfhwm0efxrf;aqmifaeolrsm;taeESifh ykHrSef vpmay;tyfr_r&Sdonfh
tokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wGif ESpf¹r_yfvkyfukdif&ef tcsdefenf;oGm;ayrnf?
a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;taeESifh usef&Sdaeao;onfh 'kQonfxktwGuf
tE_wfoabmaqmifonfh +idpGef;r_rsm;jzpfyGm;&onfhtaetxm;rSm xkdif;EkdifiH
wpfckwnf;wGif jzpfyGm;aejcif;r[kwfouJhokd@ txl;ojzifh tcsdefwkdtwGif;omjz
pfyGm;jcif;jzpfonf? eDaygEkdifiHwGifaexkdifonfh blwef'kQonfwkd@rSm tvkH;t&if;jzifh
a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;twGuf txl;ojzifhwnfae=uI tjcm;'kQonftkyfpk
rsm;taeESifhvnf; jzpfE_difajct&SdqkH;ESifh a&&SnfwnfwHhrnfha&G;cs,fr_taeESifh a&$@
ajymif;tajccsr_wkd@buf vSnfhvmayOD;rnf jzpfonf? rdrdwkd@. okawoeðycsufu
n$ef;qkdonfrSm tcsdefwkdtwGif; 'kQonfpcef;rsm;taeESifh oifwef;ay;tyfr_wkd@tm;
xGufcGmrnfh t&nftcsif;jynfh0onfh 0efxrf;wkd@ae&mwGif tpm;xkd;a&;twGuf
ykdrkdvkyfaqmifa&; vkdtyfcsuft& tpkvkduftðyHvkduf a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;ay;a&;
vkyfaqmifr_wkd@u usef&Sdaeonfh 'kQonfwkd@twGuf vkdtyfcsufrsm;.
vkdtyfcsufwkd@tm; wkd;yGm;vmaponf [lIjzpfonf? atmufyg t=uHðycsufwkd@
ukd txl;ojzifh xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf&Sd 'kQonfvlxktwGuf azmfaqmifxm;jcif;jzpfI
ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;. wkd;csJ@t=uHðycsuf wkd@ukdyg xnfhoGif;
azmfjytyfayonf? xkdt=uHðycsufrsm;pGmtm; aumufcH&&Sdxm;+yD;jzpfonf? tjcm;
tpkvkduftðyHvkduf a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;tajctaersm;wGif atmufazmfjyyg
wlnDonfh t=uHðycsufwkd@taeESifh oifhavsmfaumif; oifhavsmfayrnfjzpfonf?
tvSL&Sifwkd@tm; oifwef;rsm;/ t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&; pDrHcsufrsm;ESihf tawG@ �tñuHr&Sdonfh 0efxrf;opfwkd@twGuf y%mrajcvSrf;rsm;tm; axmufyHha&; tm;ay;&ef/
jzpfE_difygu tjrefqkH; tpm;xkd;0efxrf;opfwkd@. oifwef;taumiftxnfazmfr_ �vkyfaqmifay;I t&Hoifhtkyfpktjzpf&Sdaeonfh yk~Kdvfwkd@
ESifh aemufcHtqifoifhxm;r_wkd@tm; qufvkyfoGm;&ef/
'kQonfpcef;twGif; t&nftcsif;ESifh 0efxrf;t&nftcsif; ppfwrf;aumuf,lr_ �tm; t&Htpm;xkd;0efxrf;jznfhpnf;E_difa&;twGuf wm0ef,lvkyfaqmif&ef/
pcef;tvkyform;wkd@tm; pcef;wGif;vlopfrsm;ESifh �a'ocHxkdif;vlxktwGif;rS pkaqmif;oGm;&ef/
jzpfE_difonfhtwkdif;twmjzifh vGwfvyfI tem*wftm;wifóudcef@rSef;E_difrnfh �a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&; vkyfief;pOftjzpf wkd;jrSifh&efESifh xkdrS 'kQonfwkd@
taeESifh a&$@ajymif;tajcpkdufa&;tcsdefumv rnfr#=umrnf/ pcef;rsm;twGif;
axmufyHhtultnDay;a&;vkyfief;wkd@wGif yg0ifaeonfh vkyfief;Xmersm;taeESifh
rnfonfhtcsdefwGif ‚[email protected]; xGufcGm&rnfwkd@tm; od&Sdxm;ayrnf?
'kQonfpcef;rsm;wGif; tultnDvkdtyfr_rsm;tm; jyefvnfqufpyfE_difa&; �twGuf tcsKd@yhHykd;r_rsm;ESifh vG,fulap&efðyjyifxm;onfh pDrHcef@cGJa&;ykHpHwkd@
aygif;pyfI xda&mufonfhvkyfief;rsm;ay;tyfulnDjcif; vkyfaqmif&ef/
pcef;rsm;twGif; t&nftcsif;jynfh0onfh 'kQonfrsm;tm; �a&$@ajymif;aexkdifE_difa&; tm;ay;&ef/
todpdwfjzifhvkyftm;ay;r_wkd@tm; vufcHrnfhtdrf&SifEkdifiHwkd@. �yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_jzifh 'kQonfrsm;wGif;&SmazGa&; pOf;pm;&efESifh xkd@
a=umifh xkdEkdifiHwkd@taeESifh ‚wkd@. a&$@ajymif;tajccsr_tm; vkdtyf
onfhtcsdeftwkdif;twmtwGif; okd@r[kwf tpm;xkd;&efyk~Kdvfwkd@tm;
tjynfht0 avhusifhay;r_ +yD;pD;onftxd a&$@qkdif;ay;=uayrnf/
vufcHxm;onfhEkdifiHtaeESifh 'kQonfrsm;/ jynfajy;0efxrf;rsm;ESifh tpkd;&r[kwfonhftzGJ@ �tpnf;rsm;ESifh tokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. a'ocH0efxrf;tm;
0ifa&mufvkyfudkifa&;ESifh pcef;rsm;twGif; 0ifxGufcGifh jrefqefpGmcGifhðyay;a&; tm;ay;&ef/
EkdifiH0efxrf;wkd@tm; pepftwGif; qufvuftaumiftxnfazmfvkyf �aqmifaer_&Sdr&Sd ppfaq;vkyfaqmifjcif; jrefqefr_&Sdapa&;twGuf
a&&SnfpmcsKyfcsKyfqkdvkyfukdifr_tm; tm;ay;&ef/
usef&Sdaeonfh 'kQonfwkd@tm; EkdifiHawmfusef;rma&;ESifh ynma&; �pepfrsm;twGif; ykdrdkjrifhrm;onfh aygif;pnf;vkyfaqmifa&;ukd tm;ay;a&;tjyif
toufarG;0rf;ausmif; pDrHcsufrsm;tm; pcef;rsm;. twGif;tjyif
w&m;0ifcGifhðyay;&ef tm;ay;r_wkd@ vkyfaqmifoGm;&efwkd@jzpfonf?
pcef;wGif; ¹yGwfodyfaexkdifr_ avsmhenf;apjcif;/ aiGykd@ay;E_difjcif;/
i,f&G,fonfh'kQonfrsm;twGuf vkyfykdifcGifhtcGifhta&;rsm;wkd;wufvmjcif; ESifh
pcef;vkyfief;Xmersm;tm; xda&mufpGmtokH;ðyE_difjcif; ponfh a&$@ajymif;tajccsa&;.
aumif;rGefonfh tusKd;a=u;Zl;tcsKd@&Sdonf? okd@aomf vuf&Sdusef&Sdaeolrsm;pGmtwGuf
txl;ojzifh tcsdefwkdtwGif; t&nftcsif;jynfhrDonfh vkyfom;rsm;avsmhenf;vmjcif;u
pcef;b0.cufcJrGef;=uyfr_rsm;tm; ykdrkdqkd;&Gm;apayonf? rnfuJhokd@/ rnfonhftcsdefwGif
vkdtyfr_jzpfrnf wkd@ukd rSef;qjcif;ESifh tem*wftwGuf pDrHudef;a&;qGJjcif;wkd@u a&$@
ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;. tajctaewpfpkHw&mtaeESifh tenf;qkH; oufomap&ef
tultnDðyrnfjzpfonf?
qlqef befuD ([email protected])ESifh a[Z,fvf vef;*f
([email protected]) wkd@onf umv&Snfvsm;onfh tm&SwkdufrS
ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&jcif; &SmazGa&;twGuf =opa=wvs okawoeaumifpD.
3 ESpf pDrHudef;wGif vuf&Sdyg0ifvkyfaqmifae=uonfh =opa=wvsEkdifiH *s&yfzpf
wUokdvf (www.griffith.edu.au). okawoetzGJ@0ifrsm;jzpf=uonf?
TpDrHudef;twGuf qufoG,faqmif&Gufaeonfh vkyfazmfukdifbufrSm tpkd;&r[kwfonfh
=opa=wvsapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJ@ (www.austcare.org.au) jzpfonf?
Taqmif;yg;onf xkdif;EkdifiHa&mufae&yfrSxGufajy;cJh&olrsm;twGuf yl;aygif;tultnDay;
a&;aumfrDwD CCSDPT uwm0efay;cJhonfh okawoetay:tajccHxm;jcif;jzpfonf?
okd@aomf pDppfawG@&Sdcsuf aumufcsufESifh t=uHðycsufrsm;rSm txufygpma&;q&mrsm;eSifhom
oufqkdifI CCSDPT tzGJ@0ifrsm;. t,ltqwkd@ESifh vkH;0 oufqkdifr_r&Sdyga=umif;?
1 www.ccsdpt.org2 qlpef befuDESifh a[Z,f vef;*fwkd@. ‘tem*wfpDrHudef;a&;qGJjcif; - pcef;wGif;usef&Sdonfh 'kQonfxktm; a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;.
xdckdufapr_’/ 2007 ckESpf/ Zlvkdifv? tGefvkdif; www.tbbc.org? &SmazGr_tusOf;csKyftm; UNHCR . rl&if; csifhcsdefqkH;jzwfcsuf
tpD&ifcHpm. jznfhpGuft=uHðycsufrsm;tm; jznfhpGufxm;jcif;jzpfonf? ‚rSm ‘usefaecJhonfhxkdif;EkdifiH&Sd pcef;vlxktay: a&$@
ajymif;ae&mcsxm;aqmif&Gufr_wkd@. xdckdufapr_ESifhygwfoufonfh csifhcsdeft=uHðycsuf’ UNHCR 2007 ckESpf/ atmufwkdbmv?
3 tkdifbpfESifh [m;Af tpfprfbwf UNHCR ‘xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfpcef;rsm;twGif; usef;rma&;u¾tm; a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_
vkyfaqmifa&;. xdckdufr_ - AsL[majrmufcsOf;uyfa&;okd@’ 2007 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv?
FMR 30 45armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
xdkif;tm%mydkifrsm;u 2005ckESpfwGif xdkif;jrefrme,fpyf&Sdpcef;rsm;tay: taemuf
EdkifiHodkk@ jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;twGuf wif;=uyfaompnf;rsOf;rsm;udk av#mhcscJhonf?
pcef;twGif; jyefvnfae&m csxm;a&;.tusdK;oufa&mufr_onf vGefcJhaom
ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;u u&iftrsdK;orD;tpnf;t&Hk; . =uD;rm;onfh ar#mfjrifp
Of;pm;oHk;oyfcsufwckjzpfcJhonf? ‚wkd@taeESifh '[email protected];/ txl;ojzifh
u&iftrsdK;orD;[email protected] tajccHvl@todkif;t0dkif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;wdk@.
wm&SnfwnfwHhckdif+rJrnfh taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufr_ tpDtpOfudPwkd@tm;
aqG;aEG;r_udk em=um;vkdjcif;onf u&ifhtrsdK;orD;wdk@. qyifjzpfonf? a=uuGJp&m
taeESifh wdk;wkd;av;avmuf=um;E_dif&ef u&iftrsdK;orD;rsm;taeESifh us,favmifpGm
atmf[pfaºuG;a=umf&jcif;jzpfonf?
,ckuJhokd@ rjyD;qHk;E_difonfh yËdyuQa=umifh u&ifvlxktaeESifh etz.
&ufpuf=urf;ñuyfjcif;/ vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufjcif;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkif&jcif;tm;jzifh
xdkif;EdkifiHtwGif;wGif 'kQonf pcef;jzpfay:vm&jcif;jzpfonf? jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;udkd
'kQonftajccHvl@todkif;t0dkif; tzGJhtpnf;rsm;ESifh pcef;wGif;rStcsdK@aom
'kQonfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u awmif;qdkcJhonfjzpfI cef@rSef;ajctm;jzifh 2006
ckESpfwGif 'kQonfOD;a& 4500 ESifh 2007 ESpftukefydkif;wGif 'kQonf 15000 wdk@taeESifh
wwd,EdkifiHrsm;odk@ a&$@ajymif;tajccsaexdkifcJh=ujcif;jzpfonf?
jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;pDrHudef;pwifcJhonfhtcsdefupjyD; e,fpyfa'o&Sd
'kQonfpcef;rsm;onf qdk;&Gm;aom tajctaeodk@a&muf&SdoGm;cJhonf?
tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf ta&;ygaom vl@todkif;t0dkif;acgif;aqmifrsm;
a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsjcif;tm;jzifh pcef;twGif;&Sdvkyfief;pOfrsm;/ a0,m0pPudPrsm;onf
vpf[maejcif;jzpfI xdktusdK;qufrsm;udk tpdk;r[kwfaomtzGJhtpnf;rsm;u
t,lcHpmwGif azmfjycJhjcif;jzpfonf? odk@aomf rsm;aomtm;jzifh tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJ@
tpnf;ESifh ukvor~'kQonfrsm; qdkif&mr[mrif;=uD;&Hk;wdk@. &_axmifhudkomazmfjycJhjcif;
jzpfonf? ‚wdk@taejzifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;ESifhywfoufI 'kQonfrsm;tay:
jzpfay:apaom tusdK;oufa&mufr_tjynfhtpHkudk wifjyr_r&Sdjcif;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_"avhxHk;pH
&_axmifhrS =unfhjcif;wdk@ryg&SdcJhay? trSeftm;jzifh/ Oyrm - rk'def;r_ESifh vdift=urf;zufr_wdk@
onf etz. enf;AsL[mjzpfjyD; pcef;twGif; =uD;rm;aomjy\emjzpfonf/ odk@aomf
‚jy\emudktpD&ifcHpm wGiftenf;tusOf;omazmfjyxm;cJhayonf?
'[email protected];u&iftrsdK;orD;tpnf;t&Hk;ESifh u&if'kQonfaumifpDwdk@onf T'kQonfwdk@.
t"dutpdwftydkif;rsm;jzpf=uonf? rdrdwdk@onf 'kQonfpcef;rSjzpfjyD; 'kQonfrsm;jzpfonf?
pcef;wGif;rSvlxku rdrdwkd@tm; toHwpfcktjzpfvkdtyfonfhtjyif ‚wdk@
udk,fpm;ðyajymqdk&efvkdtyfonf? wm0ef&Sdyk*~dKvfrsm; (tvSL&Sifrsm;/ ukvor~ 'kQo
nfrsm;qdkif&mr[mrif;=uD;&Hk; / yHhydk;olrsm;) taejzifhpcef;wGif;rSvlxkrsm;ESifh pum;
ajymqdk&ef vdktyfygu rdrdwdk@rSwqifh vkyfaqmif=uonf? odk@aomfvnf; rdrdwdk@tae
jzifhudk,fhudk,fudkjyef=unfhvdkkufrnfqdkygu tvGeftm;enf;aeayonf? ta=umif;rSm
xdkif;EdkifiHtaejzifh 'kQonfoabmwlnDcsufwGif vufrSwfa&;xdk;jcif;r&SdbJ 'kQonfrsm;
tm;axmufyHh&efwm0efr,lvdkjcif; odk@wnf;r[kwf vufrcHvdkjcif;wkd@a=umifhjzpfonf?
‚wdk@taejzifh jrefrmtpdk;&ESifh cspf=unf&if;ESD;r_udk rysufuGufvdkjcif;a=umifhyif? odk@aomf
‚wdk@onf vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;r_twGufwm0ef,lvkyfaqmifoifhayonf? xdk@
a=umifh rdrdwdkd@taejzifh Tae&mwGif aexdkiftvkyfvkyfudkifEdkifa=umif; odk@aomf rdrdwdk@
tm; v#dK@0SufpGmxm;&SdcJh=uonf? ‚wdk@taeESifh EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;tm; pcef;twGif;odk@
0ifcGifhray;jcif;/ txl;ojzifh owif;rD'D,morm;rsm;tm; 0ifa&mufcGifhrðyay? EdkifiHjcm;o
m;awGESifhpum;ajymqdk&mY rdrdwkd@taeESifh tjrJowdxm;&onfrSm rdrdwdk@&ifxJrSm &Sdo
nfhpum;tm;vHk;xGufroGm;ap&efyifjzpfonf?
rdrdwddk@taeESifh xkdpcef;rsm;twGif; tESpf20 aevmcJh=u+yD;jzpfonf? tajctaersm;rSm
tvGef nhHjzif;qdk;&Gm;vSonf? rdrdwdk@qufvuf &Sifoefaexdkif&efjzpfay:vmaom
ta=umif;&if;rsm;rSm ar#mfvifhcsuf ESifh ,kH=unfcsufrSm jrefrmjynfjidrf;csrf;r_&SdjyD;
'Drdkua&pD&&Sdaom wpfae@wGif [email protected];&efom jzpfonf?
rdrdwdk@. ar#mfvifhjcif;tdrfrufrsm;tm; odrf;qnf;xm;I cav;wkd@tm;
ynmoifay;jcif;/ vl@todkif;t0dkif;.zGJ@pnf;yHkudk xdrf;odrf;xm;jcif;tm;jzifh rdrdwdk@
ZmwdtrdajrudkjyefoGm;rnfhwpfae@ xdkt&mrsm;u taxmuftuljzpfaprnfjzpfonf?
jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;pDrHudef;onf ‚wdk@tdrfruftwGuf pdefac:r_w&yfjzpfonf?
u&ifhtodkif;t0dkif;u ‚.vlxktm;v_HjcHKr_udk&SmazGE_difrnfhtcGifhta&;ESifh
wwd,EdkifiHawGv_HjcHKr_&SmazG&ef tjynfht0tm;ay;aeonfhtcsdefwGif Ttcsufu
tvGefwefbkd;}uD;rm;r_jzpfvmonf? TtcsufrSm ‚wkd@ tESpf20twGif; v‡kyf
&Sm;cJhaomv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;udk pdefac:aejcif;jzpfjyD; ,if;. t"d`g,ftm; rdom;pktrsm;pkwkd@u
&ifqdkifae&jcif;jzpfonf? xdktcsufonf ar#mfvifhcsufrsm;tm; ysufokOf;apjyD;
pdwfraumif;p&mtcsufrSm ‚[email protected]@ b,faomtcgrS jyefIr&Edkifjcif;
jzpfaumif;jzpfaeayrnf?
tpOD;wGif ‚wdk@tm; trdEdkifiHodk@jyefydk@&ef q&SdcJhonf? Ttcsufu
jzpfEdkifajcr&Sday - odk@aomf vlwkd@ aexdkif&eftwGuf ae&mvdktyfonfhtwGuf
rdrdwdk@taejzifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;udk yxrOD;pGm awmif;qdkcJh&onf?
txl;ojzifh aumif;rGefonfhynma&;vdktyfonfh vli,frsm;twGufyifjzpfonf?
pcef;twGif;rSynma&;onf 10wef;tqifhESifhom&yfwef@oGm;aoma=umifh ynma&;vkH
avmufr_ r&Sdacs? rdrdwdk@taejzifh vl=uD;rsm;twGuf pdk;&drfr_r&Sdaomfvnf; rdrdwdk@
csdef;ajcmufr_tœ&m,f=um;rS axmufyHhr_tenf;i,fr#ESifhu&iftrsdK;orD;
tpnf;t&Hk;tvkyfr_aqmifrsm;onf okawoeðyr_ESifh axmufyhHa&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk
csrSwfum tpdk;&r[kwfaomtjynfjynfqdkif&m tzGJhtpnf;rsm;/ ukvor~'kQonfrs
m;qdkif&mr[mrif;=uD;&Hk;wdk@ESifhtjydkif vkyfaqmiftaumiftxnfazmf aeayonf?
jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;ESifhywfoufonfhtay:u
&ifvlxk.toHrsm;u&iftrsdK;trD;tpnf;t&Hk; / qJ&m zl;v,f ESifh tD;vD(ef) zdxa0;
r,fv
pcef;rS
wwd,
EkdifiHokd@
b0opf
pwif&ef
aqGrsKd;
om;csif;
wOD;
xGufcGm
oGm;onfh
twGuf
ikdaºuG;
aeonfh
jrefrm
'kuQonf
wpfOD;
IOM
200
7/M
TH02
79/T
hier
ry F
alis
e
46 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
pdk;&drfaeonfrSm vli,frsm;twGufyifjzpfonf? ‚wdk@u [email protected]*wfjzpfI
EdkifiHom;wOD;.&ydkifcGifhESifh vlom;qefqef qufqHr_udk&&Sdrnfhae&mwckESifh
oufqdkifjcif; udkvdktyfjcif;jzpfonf? tcsdK@vli,frsm;onf pcef;twGif; ESpf20 vHk;vHk;
aevmcJh=uayonf?
jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;u rdrdwdk@twGuf cspfjcif;w&m;ESifh trkef;w&m;wkd@
tm; ,laqmifvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf? wenf;tm;jzifhqdkaomf ynma&;tygt0if
aumif;rGefaom tcGifhta&;rsm;udkjzpfay:aponf? odk@aomf pcef;rsm;u
nDn$wfr_/ tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh pGrf;&nf &Sdaomolrsm;udkvdktyfaeonf?
rdrdwdk@taejzifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;pDrHudef;udk tjypfrwifvdkonfrSm
Tt&mudkrdrdwdk@u awmif;qdkcJhjcif;jzpfonfhtjyif jyefvnfae&ma&G@
ajymif;a&;vkyfaqmifolrsm;twGufvnf;aumif;rGefrnfjzpfaoma=umifhyifjzpfonf?
odk@aomf jyefvnfae&mcsxm;jcif;u vl@todkif;t0dkif;udk tem*wfwGifpdk;&drfp&mtjzpfESifh
axmufyHhr_uif;rJhpGm cseffxm;&pfjcif;jzpfaeonf? ynm&SdjyD;
t&nftcsif;&SdolawGtm;vHk;u ac:aqmifr_odk@vdkufygoGm;cJh=ujyD;jzpfonf? rdrdwdk@
taejzifh xdkolwdk@oGm;a&muf tajccsaomEdkifiHY ‚[email protected];i,f
r#omtoHk;ðyI&onf [k =um;od&aomfvnf; xdkyk*d~Kvfwdk@onf pcef;twGif;wGif
ta&;=uD;aomolrsm;jzpf=u ayonf? pcef;wGif;wGif; ausmif;q&mjzpfcJh&if rdrdwdk@oGm;
a&muftajccsaomEdkifiHopfwGif q&mjzpfEdkifrnf[kxif=uaomfvnf; vufawG@
wGif xkdokd@rjzpfay? pcef;wGifusefcJhaomolwkd@taeESifh qdk;&Gm;onfh usef;rma&;ESifh
ynma&;tcuftcJrsm;tm; &ifqdkifae=u&onf?
rdrdwdk@taejzifh rnfolrnf0gqdkonfudkxkwfazmfwifjycJhjcif;ESifh vGwfvyfjcif;twGuf
=udK;yrf;vkyfaqmifcJhaomfvnf; xdkxGufcGgoGm;olawGtm;vHk;a=umifh ‚vkyfaqmifcsufwkd@
tm; ykdrdkqHk;&_H;&jcif;jzpfonf?
vlwdkif;ujyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;udk apmifhqkdif;aejcif;a=umifh vl@todkif;t0dkfif;zGJ@
pnf;yHkonf ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;oGm;cJhonf? jyefvnfae&mcsxm;jcif;a=umifh rdom;pktwGif;
yËdyuQrsm; zdpD;jcif;rsm;ESifh=uHKawG@ae&onf? wcsKd@aomrdom;pk0ifrsm;taeESifh
oGm;vdkpdwf&SdI tcsdK@rSmrloGm;vdkaomqr&Sday? pcef;wGif;usef&SdaecJhaom'kQonfrsm;t
wGuf pOf;pm;&efvdktyfaeayonf? xGufcGgoGm;olrsm;onf &J0HhpGmajymwwfqdkwwfolESifh
tpGrf;tp&Sdaomolrsm;jzpf=uonf? usef&SdcJhaomolawGtaejzifh pmrwwfolrsm;/
&dk;pif;aomolrsm;ESifh tdrfwGif;ykef;rsm;jzpf=uonf? xdkolrsm;taeESifh
rajym&Jrqdk&Jonfholrsm;jzpfI ‚wdk@tm; tultnDay;&ef tcsdK@usefaecJh&ef
vdktyfaeayonf?
EdkifiHopfc&D;pOfa&G@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;tpDtpOftm;qðycJhI a&G;cs,fcH&aomolrsm;taeESifh
jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; vkyfief;pOftaeESifh Tvkyfief;pOfukd,fwkdifyif
r=umc%xdcdkufr_jzpfaponf?pcef;twGif;rS IOM ESifh tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJhtpnf;rsm;u
a&Ghajymif;rnfh EdkifiHopf. raumif;aomta=umif;t&mrsm;ESifh pdefac:r_rsm;tm;
vl@todkif;t0dkif;rsm;tm; ajymqkd&Sif;vif;jyjcif;r&Sday? trnfpm&if;ay;oGif;&ef
wdkufwGef;jcif;cH&aoma=umifh vlxktaejzifh tvsifpvkda&G;cs,fcJh=ujcif; jzpfonf?
vkyfief;pOfonf v#ifjrefpGmtxajrmufapjyD; ‚wkd@ukd,f‚wkd@ tcsdefwkdtwGif;
wwd,EdkifiHa&mufae=uonfukd awG@&awmhonf? aemufwGif tawmfrsm;rsm;rdrdwdk@
tdrfodk@rdrd jyefvmvdk=ujyefonf?
tajccHvl@todkif;t0dkif;tzGJ@tpnf;.tpD&ifcHpmt& wwd,EdkifiHodk@rxGufcGmrDa0iS
cJhaomta=umif;t&mtcsuftvufwdk@onfjynfhpHkr_r&Sday? ta=umif;t&mrsm;tm;
3&uftwGif;om a0iSajymqdkcJhjyD; aumif;rGefaomb0udk wnfaqmufa&;ESifh
zdpD;r_uif;rJhaomb0opfaqmufwnfa&;twGuf jynfhpHkvkHavmufr_r&Sday?
'kQonftrsm;pkonf rdrdwdk@woufwmeD;eD; pcef;twGif;wGifom aexdkifvmcJhjyD;
q&m0efxH cGJpdwfukoa&;wcgr# ra&mufbl;ay/ um;armif;jcif;/ taemufwdkif;tdrfyHkpHjzifh
aexdkifjcif; r&SdcJhay? xdk@jyif t*Fvdyfpum;rajymwwfonfhtjyif oGm;a&mufrnfhae&m
,Ofaus;r_"avhxHk;wrf;ESifh Oya'udkvnf; tenf;i,fr# em;vnfod&Sdr_r&Sday?
owif;tcsuftvufydkrdk&&SdcJhygu ‚wkd@taeESifh ykdrkdaumif;rGefonfh qHk;jzwfcsufudk
csrSwfEdkifcJh=urnfjzpfonf?
jrefrmjynfwGif; yËdyuQqufvufjzpfyGm;aeonfhtwGuf 'kQonfrsm; ykdrkdrsm;vmum
pcef;rsm;twGif; 0ifa&muf&ef vrf;&Smae=uonf? xdkif;tpdk;& taejzifh
jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;u qGJaqmifr_wckjzpfrnfudk pdk;&drfI jrefrme,fpyfudkydwfxm;um
ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qdkif&mr[mrif;=uD;&Hk;
taejzifh vnf; a&muf&SdvmrnfhvlopfawGudk pm&if;ay;oGif;jcif;rðycJhay?
a&muf&Sdvmaomvlopfwkd@onf e,fpyfudkrjzwfausmfrDS awmwGif;wGifykef;atmif;I t
csdefumvtwef=umaexkdifcJh&ayonf? ‚wdk@taeESifh usef;rma&;ESifh tpmt[m&csdK@
wJhr_wkd@ESifhvnf; &ifqdkifcJh&ayonf? okd@aomf rnfonfhpm;eyf&dQma0pkESifh usef;rma&;
apmifha&Smufr_ukdr# r&&Sd=uay? pcef;wGif;wGif vlwdkif;twGuf pm;eyf&dQmzlv_Hr_
r&SdonfhtwGuf Ttcsufu =uD;rm;aomjyomemw&yf jzpfaponf?
t=uHjyKcsufrsm;u&iftajccHvl@todkif;t0dkif;tzGJ@tpnf;ESifh u&ifacgif;aqmifrsm;taejzifh
wwd,EdkifiHodk@ a&G@ajymif;tajccsjcif;tm;&yfwef@&efqr&Sday? odk@aomf xda&mufaom
jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;jzpfap&eftwGuf ‚wdk@taeESifh yGifhvif;aomaqG;aEG;r_udk
vdktyfa=umif; pOf;pm;=uonf? rdrdwdk@taeESifh t=uHjyKwifjyvdkonfrSm
wwd,EdkifiHtpdk;&rsm; / uBmhukvor~qdkif&mr[mrif;=uD;&Hk; / � IOM ESifh
tjcm;Xmersm;taeESifhu) jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;pDrHudef;wpfckvHk;
jzpfajrmufa&;rvkyfaqmifrD u&ifacgif;aqmifrsm;xHrS t=uHOm%fESifhtcsuftvufrsm;
&,ljcif;/ jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;ESifhywfoufjyD;jzpfay:vmrnfh qdk;usdK;oufa&mufr_
rsm;tm; rnfodk@ taumif;qHk;vkyfaqmif&rnfudk pDrHvkyfaqmifjcif;?
owif;tcsuftvuftm;vHk; u&ifbmompum;jzifhvnf;&Sd&ayrnf? �
tpdk;&taejzifh [email protected] ta=umif;t&mrsm; �jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; ay:vpDrsm;tm; u&iftajccHvl@
todkif;t0dkif;rsm;tm; a0Xay;jcif;?
a0;uGmaomawmifay:a'orS 'kQonfrsm;od&SdE_dif&ef wwd,EdkifiHrsm;ESifhywfoufaom �ta=umif;t&mrsm; vlr_qufqHa&;/ EdkifiHa&;ESifh Oya'vrf;pOfwkd@tm;a0Xjcif; ?
qdk;usdK;ESifhaumif;usdK;tygt0if wwd,EdkifiHodk@a&muf&SdjyD;jzpfaomrdom;pkwdk@. tawG@ �t=uHKESifh tajctaersm;tm; xdkif;EdkifiHrS u&iftodkif;t0dkif;tm; jyefvnfwifjyay;jcif;?
jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;pDrHudef;udk ajz;ajz;vkyfaqmifapjcif;tm;jzifh �'kQonfrsm;taeESifh ‚wdk@qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwf&ef tcsdefydkrdk&&Sdrnfjzpf+yD; ‚wdk@
vkyfief;v$Jajymif;&ef tcsdefvkHavmuf pGm&Sdoifhonfhtjyif vl@todkif;t0dkif;taejzifh
xdkvpfvyfonfhae&mwGif tpm;xkd;0ifa&mufvkyfukdif &ef
oifwef;ay;csdef vkHavmufpGm&&Sdrnfjzpfonf?
usef&SdaecJhaomvl@todkif;t0dkif;taejzifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;. �oufa&mufr_udk taotcsm qef;ppfjcif;ESifh xGufcGmoGm;oltpm;
tvkyfr_aqmifopfwkd@udk oifwef;ay;&ef tajccHvl@todkif; t0dkif;tzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;taejzifh aiGa=u;axmufyhHr_&Sd&efjzpfonf?
u&iftrsdK;orD;tzGJ@tpnf; (www.karenwomen.org) onf tajccHvl@
todkif;t0dkif;tzGJ@tpnf; jzpfjyD; jynfwGif;&SdtrsdK;orD;rsm;/ jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;ESifh
xdkif;e,fpyf&Sd 'kQonfpcef;rsm;tm; zG@Hòzd;wdk;wufa&;twGuf tulnDay;aeonfh
tzGJhtpnf;jzpfonf? u&iftrsdK;orD;rsm;tm; trsdK;orD;tcGifhta&;ukd od&Sdxm;a&;ESifh
EdkifiHa&;vrf;pOfrsm;/ vl@todkif;t0dkif;twGif; qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfa&;rsm;wGifyg0ifvkyfa
qmifa&; u&iftrsdK;orD;tpnf;t&Hk;u wdkufwGef;tm;ay; vkyfaqmifaeayonf?
tD;vD(ef) zdxa0; ([email protected]) onf
=opa=w;v,m;EdkifiH e,l;apmufofa0;vf(pf) wuUodkvfXmerS (www.crr.unsw.edu.au)S 'kQonfokawoe tvkyfr_aqmifwpfOD;jzpfonf ?
qJ&m zlvm ([email protected]) onf
xdkXmerSausmif;olwpfOD;jzpfonf?
1 www.karenwomen.org2 www.tbbc.org/resources/2007-6-mth-rpt-jan-jun.pdf
“[email protected] tdrfr[kwfawmhbl;/ u$sefrwdk@&J@vSywJhe,fajru
aemufxyfvSp&mr&Sdawmhbl; / tJ'ga=umifh usrwkd@u u&ifvli,fxkawGtwGuf
jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; awmif;qkdcJhwmyg?”
(u&if'kQonfa&;wufºuGv_yf&Sm;olwOD;)
FMR 30 47armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
Tumvwav#muf EkdifiHa&;raocsmr_rsm;/ tDav;qGJqufwkdufjzpfaeonfh
'kQonfrsm;xGufvmr_rsm;ESifh ywf0ef;usifrl0g'tajymif;tvJu 'kQonfwkd@
ynmoif,la&;/ ‚wkd@vuf0,f&&Sdrnfh t&nftcsif;ESifh oifhav#mfonfhynma&;ESifh
‚wkd@. t&nftcsif;A[kokwwkd@tm; vmrnfhrsKd;qufopftwGuf qnf;yl;a&;tjyif
vl@tokdif;t0kdif;zGH@òzd;wkd;wufr_wkd@twGuf avhvma&;wkd@tm; xdckdufapcJhonf?
Taqmif;yg;wGif rdrddwkd@taeESifh t"dutm;jzifh u&if'kQonfpcef;
ckESpfckwkd@&Sd ynma&;taxmuftyHhtm; avhvmwifjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf?
u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf;t&kH; Karen National Union (KNU) ESifh
qufpyfaeonfh u&ifynma&;Xme Karen Education Department (KED) taeESifh xkdpcef;rsm;wGif rl0g'a&;qGJa&;ESifh taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmifjcif;wkd@
wGif ta&;ygonfh tcef;u¾wpfckrS yg0ifaeayonf? ynma&;pepftm; tzGJ@
tpnf;tajrmuftrsm;u axmufyHh=uI tpkd;&r[kwfonfha'ocHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;
(Oyrm - u&iftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@tpnf; Karen Women's Organisation (KWO) ESifh u&ifvli,ftzG@Jtpnf; Karen Youth Organisation (KYO)) tjyif tpkd;&r[kwfonfhEkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; (Oyrm - Zkdtm
'kQonfapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJ@ ZOA Refugee Care ESifh EkdifiHwum
uav;axmufyHha&;tzGJ@ International Child Support) u
taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmif=uonf?
xkdt"duu&if'kQonfpcef; ckESpfckwkd@wGif aexkdifol cef@rSef;ajcrSm 115000 a,mufcef@
jzpfI vl 54000 rSm uav;ESifh vli,frsm;wkd@jzpfonf? vlOD;&nf 4000 rS
45000 cef@xd&Sdonfhpcef;rsm;twGif; t=urf;zsOf;taeESifh trsKd;om;ESifhtrsKd;orD;
t&nftwGufjcif; wlnD=uonf? rwluGJjym;onfh a'oœ&wnf&Sdr_/
vlOD;&nfodyfonf;q/ vlOD;&nftkyfpkESifh vltokdif;t0kdif; zGJ@pnf;vkyfaqmifr_
qkdif&m t&nftcsif;wkd@u us,fjyef@a0;uGmonfh pcef; 7 cktm; oifhawmfI
t&nftcsif;jynfhrDonfh ynmay;a0a&;ESifh nSdE_dif;aqmif&Gufa&;twGuf rwlnDonfh
pdrfac:r_rsm;ay:aygufvmaponf?
xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;&u 'kQonfpcef;rsm;tay: tºuGif;rJhtm%m&SdaeI rl0g'ESifh
taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufr_rsm;tm; jyXmef;vkyfaqmifv#uf&Sdonf?
tpkd;&r[kwfonfh EkdifiHwumESifh a'ocH tzG@Jtpnf;rsm;tm; tajccHaxmufyHhr_/
vkdtyfonfhaqmif&Gufr_vkyfief;Xmersm;ESifh t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&;wkd@tm;
ynma&;taxmuftyHhtaeESifh ay;tyf&efcGifhðyxm;onf?
ynma&;vkyfief;Xmersm;. tykdif;tjcm;
taxGaxGynma&;pepfwGif ae@uav;xdrf;ynma&;/ rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;ESifh
tv,fwef;txuf ausmif;rsm;yg0ifonf? pcef;rsm;.ynma&;twGuf
xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;& rl0g'rSm wpfpHkwpfa,mufu pcef;rsm;jyifywGif
ynma&;vkdufpm;rnfudk pdk;&drfaoma=umifh ‚vkyfaqmifr_tm; wm;jrpfxm;um
pcef;wGif; tv,fwef;txuf ynma&;tqifhtxd cGifhðyxm;onf?
ausmif;oif&kd;n$ef;wrf;tm; u&ifynma&;Xme KED uvufcHtwnfðyay;I
ausmif;okH;pmtkyfrsm;tm; pcef;. ywf0ef;usiftaetxm;ESifh
vkdufavsmnDaxGjzpfap&ef qufwkduf jyifqifwkd;jrSifhðypk=uonf? uav;rsm;u
u&if/ Arm ESifh t*FvdyfbmomokH;rsKd;/ od`H/ ocsmF/ yx0D/ vlr_a&;od`HESifh
usef;rma&;bmom&yfwkd@tm; avhvm=uonf? pm&if;ay;oGif;xm;onfh
udef;*%ef;rsm;t& 2007-08 pmoifESpfwGif pcef;wGif;&Sd uav;rsm;. 18
&mckdifE_ef;cef@ rlvwef;ESifh tv,fwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif wufa&mufjcif;r&Sd
a=umif;jyocJhonf? ausmif;q&m/ q&mr 1500 ausmf tm; rpkd@rykd@vpmaiG
ay;tyfxm;onf? ‚wkd@taeESifh qlnHI vljynfhusyfaeonfh pmoifcef;rsm;/
taxmuftulðyypPnf;tenf;i,fESifh t&nftcsif;a&marGoif=um;onfh
pmoifcef;rsm;ESifh awG@ñuH&ifqkdif=u&onf? trsm;pku óud;yrf;I aumif;rGefpGm
oif=um;ay;aomfvnf; tawG@tñuHESifh u|rf;usifr_ tm;enf;onfhtaetxm;twkdif;
vkyf=u&onf ?
avhvma&;pDrHudef;rsm;tm; touft&G,f}uD;&ifholrsm;ESifh ausmif;raeonfh
vli,frsm;twGuf axmufyHhxm;onf? ‚wGif pmta&;tzwfoifwef;rsm; (paumESifh
ykd;u&if)/ bmompum;rsm; (t*FvdyfESifh xkdif;)/ toufarG;0rf;a=umif;r_twwfynm
(pkdufysKd;a&;/ pufcsKyf/ tcsuftðywf uJhokd@) vufr_ynmrsm; (qyfjymðyvkyfjcif;/
okd;ar$;xkd;jcif;) ESifh vl@tokdif;t0kdif;qkdif&mt&nftcsif; (tdyfcsftkdifAGD/ rkdif;tœ&m,f/
tdrfwGif;t=urf;zufjcif;) wkd@tjyif nausmif;rsm;&Sd tuef@towfjzifhay;tyfonfh
taxGaxG ynma&;wkd@ yg0ifonf? wufa&mufolrsm;taeESifh wefbkd;&Sdonfh
twwfynmA[kokwrsm;tm; &&Sd=uonf? okd@aomf 'kQonfrsm;taeESifh
Ttwwfynmwkd@jzifh touftarG;0rf;a=umif;ðy&ef tcGifhtvrf;rsm;
tvGefvkdtyfaeayonf? xkdif;tpkd;&u ‚wkd@tm; pcef;rSxGufcGm tvkyfvkyfcGifhay;&ef
jiif;qefxm;onfhtwGuf pcef;wGif;&Sd pufcsKyfolrsm;/ *a[aqmfolrsm;ESifh
pm;zkdrSL;rsm;ponfh t&nftwGuf rsm;jym;onfhvlxktm; axmufyHh&ef
pcef;pD;yGm;a&;u tvGef@tvGefao;i,fayonf? okd@aomfvnf; 2007 ckESpfwGif yl;ay
gif;nDnGwfpGmpnf;&kH;qGJaqmifr_aemufykdif; ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;.
yg0ifaqmif&Gufr_jzifh Zkdtm 'kQonfapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJ@taeESifh tpOftvmr[kwfonfh
a&S@ajy;pDrHcsuftm;pwif&eftwGuf 'kQonf 80 tm; r,fv'kQonfpcef;jyifywGif
pkdufysKd;a&;vkyfief;rsm;xlaxmifcGifh&&Sda&;ESifh pcef;jyifyaps;twGif;
xGufukefrsm;tm;a&mif;cscGifhtm; xkdif;tpkd;&xHrS w&m;0ifcGifhðycsuf&&SdcJhonf?
xkdif;ynma&;0ef}uD;Xme. toufarG;ynma&;aumvdyfrsm; tjyif
xkdif;&Gmom;rsm;wkd@vnf;xkd@twl yg0ifvkyfaqmifvmr_u TueOD;vkyfief;opftm;
xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;&rS vufcHvma&;twGuf ulnDaxmufyHhr_ jzpfcJhonf?
ta&;ay:rS aESmifhaES;=uef@=umaeonfh
xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfwpfav#muf 'kQonfpcef;rsm;tm; ynma&;axmufyHhr_wkd@taeESifh
tESpfESpfq,fausmft=umwGif ajymif;vnf;r_taeESifh &nf&G,fcsufcsrSwfjcif;/
vufvSrf;csJ@xGifjcif;ESifh t&nftcsif;ESifh qufpyfr_wkd@tm; wkd;jrSifhaqmif&Gufjcif;wkd@
jzpfay:vmcJhonf?
aESmifhaES; =umjrifhaeonfh'kQonftajctaew&yf.
ynma&;tajymif;tvJrmhcf Aef'g pwkd;0DESifh pktefef tkd@
Mar
c va
n de
r Sto
uwe
r,f&m
rvGef
pcef;&Sd
tv,fwef;
ausmif;om;
wOD;
rJha[mif
aqmif c&kdif/
xkdif;EkdifiH
48 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
'kQonftajctaeokd@
prf;oyfr_/ trSm;t,Gif;ESifh vufawG@vkyfaqmifr_wkd@tm; ESpfESifhcsDIaqmif&Guf+yD;
aemufykdif; ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;onf ,cktcg E_dif;,SOf=unfhygu pcef;aumfrwD.
uwdtwkdif; yg0iftaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufr_tqifhtwef; jrifhrm;pGmjzifh
tusKd;&Sdc&D;a&mufonfhykHpHwGif &SdvmcJhonf? 'kQonfrsm;u pcef;rsm;xJwGif
ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm aexkdif=uonfhtaetxm;&Sdaomfvnf; tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@
rsm;u &kd;&m,Ofaus;r_tajccHonfhaxmufyHhr_vkyfaqmifa&;csOf;uyfr_t&
vkyfukdif=uonf? Ttajctaeu ,cktcg ynma&;t&nftcsif;wkd;jrSifhr_ESifh
tajccHtaxmuftyHhay;tyfr_tay: ckdifrmr_jzpfapa&;wkd htm; av;eufaponfh
a&&SnfzGH@òzd;wkd;wufr_ESifh ynma&;r[mAsL[mcsvkyfaqmifr_wkd@tm; vkdtyfvmonf?
rnfokd@yifjzpfap ausmif;aqmufvkyfjcif;ESifh ausmif;okH;taxmuftulðyyPnf;
u&d,mrsm;uJhokd@ tajccHvkyfief;rsm; (okd@) Xmersm; wkd;wufr_tm; vpfv#L&_
Ir&ay? ta=umif;rlum; 'kQonfrsm;u tenf;qkH; a'ocHxkdif;tokdif;t0kdif;wkd@
ESifh tjyeftvSeftóud;ðyr_&Sdonfh pcef;rsm;twGif;aexkdif=u+yD; pcef;jyifywGif
c&D;oGm;vma&;ukdvnf;wm;jrpfxm;jcif;cH=u&onf? xkd@a=umifh ‚wkd@
taeESifh tvGeftajccHusonfhykHpHjzpfonfhwkdif jyifytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tay:wGif
rSDckdae=u&onf? TtajccHaxmufyHhr_ay;a&;tm; jznfhpnf;&eftwGuf
q&mjzpfoifwef;/ oif&kd;n$ef;wef;ESifh ukef=urf;zG@Hòzd;wkd;wufa&;ESifh ynma&;pDrHcef@
cGJvkyfaqmifaeonfh0efxrf;wkd@. t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&;uJhokd@aom ynma&;vkyfief;
&Sdvkyfief;cGifrsm;wGif a&&Snf=um;0ifaqmif&Gufr_twGuf taxmuftulðyr_rsm;tm; &
&Sda&;vkyfaqmifay;&efvkdtyfonf?
Tpcef;twkdif;twmt& a&&Snft&nftjcif;jrSifhwifa&;y%mr ajcvSrf;rsm;.
t"duxm;csufu ynma&;t&nftaoG;ESifh wm&SnfcHr_ESpfckpvkH;tm; ukdifwG,fa&;
ESpfrsKd;okH;&nfrSef;csufjzpfonf? t"duxm;vkyfaqmifonfh ynma&;0ef}uD;Xme
tygt0if ynma&;Xmersm; t"duyk~Kdvfrsm;ESifh yl;wGJvkyfukdifonfh oif=um;r_t
&nftaoG;ykdrkdwkd;wufa&; opfvGifr_ESifh qef;opfonfh 0ifa&mufaqmif&Gufr_wkd@
rSwqifhavhvma&;wkd@tm;vkyfaqmifjcif;jzifh wkd;wufr_jzpfay:vmE_difayrnf?
aESmifhaES;=uef@=umaeonfh 'kQonftajctae. wm&SnfcHr_u 'kQonfwkd@
tajctaeu wm&SnfcHrnfht"dy`g,fr[kwfonfhtwGuf &_yfaxG;onfhudPjzpfonf?
u&ifynma&;XmeESifhE_dif;,SOf=unfhygu ‚. ynma&;Xmersm;tem*wfu
aocsmr_r&Sdjcif;t}uD;tus,fjzpfaeonfhtjyif pcef;twkdif;twmESifh ynma&;pDrHcef@
cGJa&;vkyfaqmifae=uolrsm;uvnf; tem*wfwGifrnfokd@yifjzpfvmapumrl -
(jrefrmEkdifiHokd@jyefykd@cH&jcif;/ wwd,EkdifiHokd@ a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_cH&jcif; okd@r[kwf
xkdif;tokdif;t0kdif;twGif; aygif;pyfaexkdifapjcif;) - xkdtem*wf ynma&;pDrHcef@
cGJr_rsm;wGif tcef;u¾wpfpkHwpf&m yg0ifOD;aqmifvkyfukdifrnfholrsm;jzpfvmrnf
h taetxm;awG@&onf? xkd@a=umifh tpkd;&r[kwfonfh ynma&;taxmuftyHhay;tzGJ@
rsm;u ‚wkd@. csOf;uyfr_tm; tuef@towfxm;vkyfaqmifae&onfh
u&ifynma&;aumfrwDtm; ynma&;ausmif;wpfcktjzpf taxmuftulay;jcif;rS
tqifhrsm;pGmyg0ifonfh t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&;csOf;uyfr_okd@ ao;i,fonfhtqifh
(Oyrm - 'kQonfpcef;) ukd tm;aumif;apa&; tjyif;txeft"duxm;vkyfaqmif
cJhonf?
a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;'kQonfrsm; wwd,EkdifiHokd@ wdk;yGm;a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;vkyfaqmifaejcif;u
txl;ojzifh pcef;aumfrwDrsm;ESifh ynma&;pepfwkd@tm; t"duxdckdufr_jzpfaponf?
ajymif;a&$@tacsjca&;a&G;cs,fr_u 'kQonfrsm;twGif; ynma&;vkyfom;rsm;tygt0if
t&nftcsif;ykdrkdwwfajrmufonfholwkd@. tcsKd;tpm;rr#wonfh t&nftwGufwkd@
jzpfvmaponf? omvGefaumif;rGefonfh tcGifhta&;rsm;tm; a&$@ajymif;
ae&mcsxm;a&;u ay;xm;onfhwkdif txl;ojzifh pcef;wGif;ynma&;v_yf&Sm;r_
rsm;tm; &_yfaxG;r_jzifh taumiftxnfazmf&onfhtaetxm; jzpfaponf?
tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;twGuf ynma&;0efxrf;rsm;pGmwkd@
oifwef;wufa&mufaepOf okd@r[kwf oifwef;+yD;v#if+yD;csif; pcef;rsm;
r‡xGufcGmoGm;=uonfhtwGuf &Sdaeonfht&nftaoG;twkdif;twm jzifh
taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmifa&; tcuftcJawG@&ayonf? vkH;0topfpufpuf
odk@r[kwf tawG@tñuHr&Sdonfh ynma&;vkyfom;tkyfpktm; ‚wkd@vnf;
tcsdefwkdtcsdef&SnftwGif; xGufcGmoGm;rnfhtœ&m,f&Sdonfhwkdif ykd@csay;aeonfh ynma&;
vkyfief;rsm;qufvufaqmif&Gufa&;twGuf tjrefoifwef;ay;=u&onf?
xkdpkd;&drfr_rsm;tm;ajz&Sif;a&;twGuf pOf;pm;oifhonfh jzpfE_difajcy%mrajcvSrf;wkd@wGif
atmufygtcsuf wkd@yg0ifonf?
&ufwkdq&mjzpfoifwef;rsm;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;jzifh ausmif;q&mopfwkd@ �taeESifh jrefE_difoItjrefqkH; pmoifcef;wGif;oif=um;a&;wkd@ pwifE_dif&ef?
&Sd+yD;jzpfonfh jzmqif;aeonfhoifwef;ykHpHtm; uGif;qif;tajcðyoifwef;q&mrsm;u �qufwkdufykd@csr_taxmuftyHhay;tyfa&;ESifh tawG@tñuHenf;onfh
q&mrsm;tm; oifwef;ay;jcif;uJhokd@aom wkduf&kdufpcef;wGif; tpkd;&r[kwfonfh
tzGJ@tpnf;u ukdifwG,fonfhykHpH jznfhpGufvkyfaqmif&ef?
xkdokd@ r=umrDuwnfaxmifcJhonfh t&nftcsif;wl,E W&m;tm; �t&Sdeft[kefjrSifhjcif;wpfck vkyfaqmifjcif;?
a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;tusKd;qufjzifh qufpyf&ef vuf&SdpDrHcsufrsm;tm;
xdef;nSd&efrSa0;uGmaoma=umifh tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taeESifh a&$@
ajymif;tajccsa&;tpDtpOf&Sdonfh 'kQonfrsm;tm; taemufEkdifiHrsm;wGif
aexkdifa&;twGuf ykdrkdwyfqifay;rnfh v_yf&Sm;r_topfrsm;tm; xlaxmifay;&ef
&SmazG=uonf? OyrmtaeESifh - Zkdtm 'kQonfhapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJ@u vkyfaqmif
aeonfh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynm&yf oifwef;ESifh orm;&kd;usr[kwfonfh
ynma&; pDrHcsufrsm;wkd@jzpfonf? aqG;aEG;csufrsm;u xkdif;ynma&;0ef}uD;XmeESifh t
jcm;a'owGif;tultnDay;vkyfief;vkyfukdifaeolrsm;jzifh &nfwkdoifwef;rsm;tm;
'[email protected] ( jznfhpnf;ay;jcif;ESif apmifha&Smufa&;u¾ uJhokd@
'kQonfrsm;n$efjyxm;onfh tvkyftukdiftcGifhta&;jzpfE_difajcrsm;) ESifh todtrSwf
ðyvufrSwfay;tyfjcif;wkd@ aqmif&Gufay;&efjzpfonf? t*Fvdyfpmavhvma&;
tpDtpOfwckkukdvnf; pcef;wkdif;wGifwnfaxmifI a&$@ajymif;tajccsa&;twGuf
tajccHt*Fvdyfpmt&nftcsif;ukd axmufyHhay;cJhonf? xkdxlaxmifxm;onfh
pDrHudef;opftwGif; pdwfyg0ifpm;r_ESifh wufa&mufavhvmr_rSm tvGefjrifhrm;onfh
t&nftwGufjzpfonf?
rl0g'ajymif;vnf;r_ESifh tm;ay;r_tu,fI xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;&u 'kQonfrsm;tm; pD;yGm;a&;vkyfaqmifcsuf
rsm;vkyfukdif&ef okd@r[kwf pcef;jyify&Sd vkyfief;rsm;wGif0ifa&mufvkyfukdif&efcGifhray;
vkdonfhq&Sdygu vuf&SdaxmufyHha&;vkyfief;,E W&m;rsm;ESifh ckdif+rJwnf+idrfr_r&Sdonfh
=um;0ifaqmif&Gufr_rsm; wnf&Sd ºuGif;usefaernfjzpfonf? TcsOf;uyfr_wGif rnfokd@
yifjzpfap tcsKd@ajymif;vJr_rsm;. oauFwwkd@&Sdonf? xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;&u
'kQonftajctaeonf tem*wfwGifqufvufwnf&Sdaernfhtaetxm;&SdI
txl;ojzifh ynma&;0ef}uD;Xmeu ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&olrsm;twGuf ynma&;t
cGifhtvrf;rsm;tm;zGifhvifhay;jcif;onf ‚. tm;vHk;twGufynma&; yef;wkdifrsm;t&
uwdtwkdif; wkd;wufjrifhwifvmapa&;twGuf vkyfaqmifaeayonf?
e,fpyfwpfav#muf&Sd tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taeESifh ‚wkd@.
tcef;u¾taeESifh jznfhpGufjcif;jzifh wkef@jyefjcif;taeESifh ‘tajccHjznfhpnf;r_
vkyfaqmifolrsm;’ESifh ‘t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifolrsm;’ u¾taeESifh‚/ wwd,
tcef;u¾tjzpf ‘pnf;&kH;qGJaqmifjcif;ESifh axmufcHtm;ay;olrsm;’
u¾rS‚ vkyfaqmifcJh=uonf? ‚wkd@taeESifh xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;&twGif;
'kQonfrsm;. ynma&;/ oifwef;ESifh toufarG;0rf;a=umif;udPrsm;
b0t&nftcsif;wkd;wufa&;twGuf qkH;jzwfcsufcsxm;a&;udPrsm;wGif v$rf;rkd;E_dif&ef
wufºuGpGmvkyfaqmif=uonf? xkdqGJaqmifr_rsm;ESifh tm;ay;r_vkyfief;rsm;wGif pcef;rsm;
ykdrkdvrf;zGifhay;a&;vkdtyfcsufu txl;tav;xm;onfh tcsufwpfckjzpfonf? ,if;rSm
'kQonfrsm; pcef;rsm;rS xGufcGmE_dif+yD; ynma&;tcGifhtvrf;rsm; cHpm;&&Sdap&efESifh
(okd@r[kwf) ynma&;tcGifhta&;opfrsm;tm; pcef;rsm;twGif; a&$@ajymif;0ifa&muf
vkyfukdifcGifh&&Sda&;wkd@jzpfonf?
vuf&Sdtaetxm;wGif u&ifynma&;Xmeonf jrefrmoif&kd;t"dutajccHxm;onfh
ukd,fykdifoif&kd;n$ef;wrf;tm; tokH;ðyaeaomfvnf; tjcm;uBmha'orsm;pGm&Sd
oif&kd;n$ef;wrf;rsm;rS oifcef;pmta=umif;t&mrsm;pGmukd xnfhoGif;jyXmef;cJh=uonf?
Ttcsufu twef;rsm;ESifh bmom&yfrsm;t=um; oif&kd;n$ef;wrf;tquftpyftm;
enf;r_jzpfjcif;/ a'oqkdif&mta=umif;t&m taetxm;ESifh vkdufavsmnDaxGr_
tm;enf;jcif;ESifh &Hzef&Hcg t&nftaoG;jynfhpkHr_r&Sdjcif;wkd@ukd jzpfaponf? xkd@jyif
xkdoif&kd;n$ef;wrf;u w&m;0iftodtrSwfðyxm;onfhoif&kd;n$ef;wrf;r[kwfI
ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&; +yD;qkH;ygu &&Sdonfh atmifvufrSwfonf pcef;jyifywGif
wefbkd;r&Sdjzpf&ayonf? ,cif ynma&;0ef}uD;XmeESifh aqG;aEG;csufrsm;tm;
tajccHI ,cktcg jzpfE_difajct& vuf&Sda'otcsuftvufrsm; rsm;E_difoIrsm;pGm
xnfhoGif;xm;onfh pcef;oif&kd;n$ef;wrf;tm; a&G;cs,fykdifcGifhtm; todtrSwfðy&ef
q&SdykH&onf? TtcsufrSm xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;&ESifh 'kQonfaumfrDwDESpfckpvkH;
qwfqwfxdrcHE_difonfh EkdifiHa&;oabmoufouf tvGefjzpfonf? okd@aomf ,cktcg
'kQonfrsm;wGif ,cifuvufvSrf;rrDonfh tcGifhta&;rsm;&&Sdvm+yDjzpfonf?
FMR 30 49armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
2004 ckESpf rwfvuwnf;u +Adwdo#EkdifiHtaeESifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;
pDrHcsuf0ifayguf Gateway Protection Programme [k vlodrsm;onfh
ajymif;a&$@ae&mcsxm;a&;pDrHcsufukd cGJa0,lxm;onfh'kQonfrsm; twGuf
pwifvkyfaqmifcJhonf? 'kQonfrsm;tm; ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif; }uD;&kH;.
uGif;qif;t&m&Sdwkd@u a&G;cs,fI +Adwdo#ekdifiHokd@ t+rJwrf; w&m;0iftqifhtwef;jzifh
a&muf&SdcJh=uonf? ,ae@txd jrefrmEkdifiH/
uGef*kd'Drkdu&ufwpfoRwEkdifiHESifh vkdufab;&D;,m;EkdifiHwkd@rS 'kQonfrsm; taeESifh
T pDrHcsufrSwqifh a&muf&SdcJh=u+yD; &SufzD;/ [l;vfESifh aemh&pf&Sf òrd@}uD;rsm;wGif
aexkdifp&mae&m ay;tyfcJh=uonf?
trsm;pku xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfwav#muf 'kQonfpcef;rsm;wGif aexkdif=uonfh
u&ifwkdif;&if;om;tkyfpkrS jzpf=uonf? usefolrsm;rSm tjcm;tkyfpkrsm;jzpfonfh
rGef/ ytkd@0f/ &kd[if*smESifh 1988 ckESpfwGif ppftm%modrf;tkyfpktm; qef@usifcJhonfh
trsKd;om;ta&;awmfykHaemufykdif; e,fpyfa'orsm;okd@ xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifvm=uonfh
jrefrmausmif;om;rsm;jzpfI xkdolrsm;onf uBmhukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[m rif;
}uD;&kH;ESifh oufqkdifolrsm;tjzpf todtrSwfðycHxm;&olrsm; jzpf=uayonf?
+Adwdo#tpkd;&u EkdifiHwuma&$@ajymif;aexkdifolrsm;twGuftzGJ@tpnf; / 'kQ
onfopfa&muf&Sda&;pDrHudef;ESifh 'kQonfaumifpDponfh +Adwdo#tzGJ@tpnf;
okH;ckESifh Ta&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&; yHhykd;r_rsm;tm; vkyfaqmifv#uf&Sdonf?
+Adwdo#EkdifiHokd@a&mufonfESifh 'kQonfaumifpDu vlr_0efxrf;tvkyf/
tdrf,mcsxm;jcif;ESifh bmomjyefaxmufyhHjcif;wkd@tm; &SufzD;tokdif;t0kdif;tcGifh
tvrf;tzGJ@ bmomjyefXmeESifh tdrf,mcsxm;a&;tpnf;t&kH;/ a,mhcf&_dif;,m;
vkHðcHonfhckdv_H&mtzGJ@wkd@ ESifhyl;aygif;aqmif&GufI a&muf&Sdvmonfhvlopfrsm;twGuf
yxr 12 vwmwGif axmufyHhay;onf? 12 v jynfhonfhtcg a'ocH
EkdifiHom;t=uHay;tpkd;&Xme/ ajrmufykdif;'kQonfA[kdXmeESifh tpkd;&.
trSefpwifa&;pDrHcsufwkd@u axmufyHhtultnDay;=uonf?
jrefrm'kQonfrsm;a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;u b0rsm;tm; jyefvnfxlaxmif&efESifh
*k%foduQmjyefvnf&&Sda&;cGifhðyxm;onfrSm oHo,jzpfp&mrvkday? xkdif;ekdifiH&Sd
'kQonfpcef;rsm;taeESifh ta&;ay: uGm[r_uGufvyfrsm;jynfhESufaeonfh
ywf0ef;usiftm; wif;usyfpGmcsKyfukdifxm;jcif;cH&onf? xkdvkyfief;rsm;u
txl;ojzifh 'kQonfwkd@. umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_/ ynma&;ESifh oifwef;rsm;wkd@ESifh
xif&Sm;onfh =umanmif;vSonfh yËdyQobm0ESifh pcef;wGif;aexkdif&onfhb0rsm;.
wkduf&kduftusKd;oufa&mufr_. pdwfykdif;qkdif&mvkdtyfcsufrsm;apmifha&Smuf
a&; wkd@ESifhqufpyfaeayonf? &SufzD;okd@a&muf&Sdvmonfh 'kQonfrsm;taeESifh
pcef;ywf0ef;usifa=umifh ukd,fpGrf;Om%fpGrf;rJhae&onfhtaetxm;rS tcGifhta&;
jyefvnfay:aygufjzpfxGef;r_wpkHw&m&Sdaomfvnf; pcef;wGif;b0u a&$@ajymif;ae
&mcsxm;a&;vkyfief;pOftm;xdckdufaponf? Ttcsuftm; tultnDay;tyfr_
rsm;pDrHcef@cGJa&;vkyfaqmif&mwGif xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&efvkdtyfonf? ajymif;a&$@
tajccsvmonfh'kQonfrsm;twGuf tcsKd@t=uHay;Xmersm;xHrStultnD&E_dif
aomfvnf; apmifhqkdif;&onfhumvESifh Tapmifha&Smufr_tm;&&Sda&;tcuftcJrsm;rSm
jy\emjzpfonf? vlwkd@.=urf;wrf;onfhtawG@tñuHa=umihfjzpfay:vmonfh
pdwf'%f&mrsm;tm; tultnDay;&mwGif t=uHay;vkyfaqmifa&;twGuf
tykdaqmif;&HykHaiGvkdtyfonf?
+Adwdo#EkdifiHokd@a&muf&Sdvmonfhtay: ykdrkdaumif;rGefonfh ywf0ef;usifESifhtom;us
atmifrdwfqufay;jcif;/ tcGifhta&;ESifh cHpm;ykdifcGifhwkd@ESifhqkdifonfh
tcsuftvufrsm;u ‚wkd@ukd,fukd,fukd,kH=unfr_ykdrkdwkd;wufapayrnfjzpfonf?
Oyrm - ‚wkd@taeESifh bmomjyefrsm;tm; tokH;csE_difcGifhESifh tultnDawmif;ykdifcGifhwkd@
jzpfonf? &SufzD;okd@a&muf&Sd+yD;aemuf vtenf;i,ft=umwGif ‚.wkdufcef;twGuf
2005 ckESpf arvrS 2007 ckESpf pufwifbmvtwGif; xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfrS 'kQonf
174 OD;wkd@onf +Adwdo#EkdifiH &SufzD;òrd@wGif a&$@ajymif; tacspkdufaexkdif=uonf?
omvGefaumif;rGefonfh jyifqifr_ESifh ykdrkdI vufawG@usonfh tultnDwkd@u
‚wkd@. +Adwdo#tokdif;t0kdif;twGif; aygif;pnf;aexkdifr_twGuf
oufawmifhoufomjzpfaprnfjzpfonf?
arWmjzifh&SufzD;okd@ yufx&pf&Sm [kdif;pf ESifh ,OfrGefol
txufwef;tqifh ynma&;tcGifhta&;rsm;tm; &&SdE_difa&; a&G;cs,fr_rsm;tm;
'kQonfrsm;twGuf pOf;pm;ay;&ef xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;&ESifh r=umrDu
aqG;aEG;r_rsm;ðyvkyfcJhonf? y%mrtaeESifh 'kQonfausmif;olausmif;om;
8 OD;wkd@ xkdif;wuUokdvfrsm;wGif wufa&mufcGifhðycJhI TtcGifhtvrf;rSm
tjcm;'kQonfausmif;om;rsm;. tem*wftwGuf vrf;cif;ay;jcif;jzpfonf?
'kQonfpcef;rsm;twGif;rS ta0;oifynma&;pepf&&Sda&;rSm vkyfukdifrnfholrsm;
ykdrkdyg0ifvmonfhtjyif xkdif;tm%mykdiftpkd;&. tifwmeuf qufoG,fcGifhay;a&;vkdt
yfonfhtwGuf (EkdifiHa&;t&txdrcHE_difonfhudP) ykdI&_yfaxG;ayonf? TrsufESmpmwGif
wkd;wufa&;rSm tcsdefykdrkdvkdtyfrnf/ tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh tjcm;yk~Kdvfwkd@
taeESifh qGJaqmifr_qufvufvkyfukdif&ef vkdtyfrnf[k ar#mfvifh&ayonf?
ed*kH;csKyfe,fpyfwpfav#muf&Sd woD;yk*~vrsm;ESifh tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taeESifh pOf;pm;oifhonfh
rl0g'rsm;ESifh vufawG@tuef@towfrsm;t=um; oifhawmfIt&nftaoG;rDonfh
ynma&;ay;tyfE_dif&ef óud;yrf;=uonf? a&&SnfqGJobm0tajctaeay;vmr_&&Sdaeao
mfvnf; ,cktcg u,fq,fa&;ykHpHab;wGif wkd;jrSifhvkyfaqmif&ef/ pcef;aumfrDwDrsm;ESifh
‚wkd@. ynma&;pepfrsm; zG@Hòzd;wkd;wufa&;tajccH
enf;AsL[mqkdif&mqkH;jzwfcsufrsm; ðyvkyf&efwkd@ vkdtyfaeayonf? xkd@tjyif
ynma&;tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh axmufyHhjcif;twGuf tajctaeudkzefwD;,ljcif;/
qGJaqmifjcif;ESifh axmufcHjcif;tjyif xkdif;EkdifiHwGif rl0g'tajymif;tvJr_jzpf&ef
wkduf&kdufqufEG,faqmif&Gufjcif;wkd@ðyvkyf&ef tvGefta&;}uD;ayonf?
rmhcf Aef'g pwkd;0D ([email protected]) onf Zkdtm
'kQonfapmifha&Smufa&; (www.zoa.nl) rS taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmifaeonfh
xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd jrefrm'kQonfrsm;twGuf twkdif;twmjrifhonfhynma&;ESifh
oifwef;pDrHudef;rsm;tm; OD;aqmifr_ESifh t=uHay;r_wkd@tm; 2003 ckESpfrS 2007
ckESpftxd vkyfaqmifcJholjzpfonf? pktefef tkd@ ([email protected]) onf
'kQonfynma&; vlr_aA'ynm&SifwOD;jzpfI xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf&Sd okawoet=uHay;taeESifh
tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wGif 2005 ckESpfrSpI vkyfukdifaeoljzpfonf?
1 www.karen.org/knu/knu.htm2 xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf,m,Dpkpnf;tultnDay;tzGJ@ wnf&Sd&m vlt&nftwGuf? 2008 ckESpf ZM0g&Dv
www.tbbc.org/camps/populations.htm3 Oh, S-A, Ochalumthan, S, Pla Law La and Htoo, J. (2006) ynma&;ppfwrf;-2005/ xkdif;EkdifiH/ Zkdtm 'kQonf
apmifha&Smufa&; http://www.burmalibrary.org/show.php?cat=2020.
Htu
n Li
nn L
att
&SufzD;wGif
b0txm
usa&;
vkyfaqmif
ae=uonfh
pma&;ol
r,OfrGefol
tygt0if
a&$@ajymif;
tajccs
jrefrm
'kuQonfrsm;
UK
50 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30
v#yfppfoG,fwef;r_tm;jyifqif&efvkdtyfonfh 'kQonftrsKd;orD;wpfOD;u
atmufygtwkdif; rSwfcsufðycJhonf?
“usrolwkd@ukd quf+yD;wkdifwmawmwmawG vkyfraecsifawmhygbl;? usru
qufwkdufwkdifawmaew,fqkd+yD; olwkd@&Jha'goawGusrtay:usvmrSmwkd@
usrtultnDawmif;wm vpfv#L&_rSmwkd@ukd pkd;&drfygw,f?”
Ttjzpfu ukd,fukd,fukd,kH=unfr_tjynfht0r&Sdr_jzpf+yD; rnfonhftm%mykdifukdrqkd
a=umuf&GH@jcif;u a&$@ajymif;tajccsaexkdifa&;twGuf tjcm;r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonfh
tultnDrsm;tay: twm;tqD;wpfckyifjzpfonf? Ta=umuf&GH@onfhtajccH
ta=umif;w&m;tm; a&$@ajymif;tajccsay;a&; tultnDay;Xmersm;taeESifh
tajccHpOf;pm;&efvkdtyfr_u Tvkyfief;pOftwGif; tapmykdif;uwnf;u&Sif;vif;
xif&Sm;aecJhonfhjyif tpOD;ykdif; 12 v [lonfh ulnDaxmufyHhjcif;u
vkHavmufr_r&Sdonfhtajctaetjzpf us,fjyef@pGmpOf;pm;cJh=uonf?
xkdtcsdeftwkdif;twmausmfvGefonfhtcg T a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_ueOD;umv.
pdefac:r_okH;&yfrSm xif&Sm;vmonf? xkdpdeffac:r_wkd@rSm bmompum;udPrsm;/
enf;ynmESifhywfoufonfhjy\emrsm;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_ESifh ywf0ef;[email protected];r_
twGif; aea&;xkdifa&;cufcJr_rsm;wkd@jzpf=uonf?
bmompum;udPrsm;+Adwdo#EkdifiHokd@a&muf&SdvmcJhonfh tjcm;ckdv_Holrsm;ESifh a&$@ajymif;
tajccsolopfrsm;ESifhtwl ra&mufcif bmompum;ajymoifwef;tcsKd@ykd@
csay;cJhaomfvnf; bmompum;ajymqkdaqmif&Gufr_rsm;u qufoG,fr_twGuf
twm;tqD;jzpf&onf? Oyrm - vlwkd@tm; ta&;ay:w,fvDzkef;eHygwfrsm;tm;
*&kxm;ap&efavhusifhay;xm;onf? okd@aomf rnfonfhtcsdefwGif tokH;ðy
&rnfqkdonfESifh w,fvDzkef;vmukdifygu rnfokd@vkyf&rnf/ ajym&rnfwkd@ukd
oifwef;wGifoifay;&ef usef&SdaecJhonf? tusKd;pD;yGm;qkdif&mtaxmuftulðy
Xmersm;ESifh qufoG,faqmif&Gufa&;onfvnf; wifjyxm;onfh udPjzpfonf? jy\
emESifhodk@r[kwf qlnHonfhywf0ef;usifESifh &ifqkdif&jcif;/
um;vufrSwf0,f,ljcif;ESifh vrf;n$efqkdif;bkwfrsm;twkdif;
vkdufvHoGm;vmjcif;wkd@yif?
t*Fvdyfbmpum;axmufyhHr_onf t"dutcsufjzpfonf?
+Adwdo#ekdifiHokd@pufwifbmvywf0ef;usifwGif
ausmif;pm&if;oGif;csdeftwGif; a&muf&SdcJholrsm;taeESifh
oifwef;rsm;wufcGifh&onf? uav;xdef;ausmif;wGifuav;rsm;ukd
xm;&SdcGifhudkvnf; tusKd;cHpm;cGifhxkdvufrSwf&Sdolrsm; twGuf
tcGifhtvrf;ay;xm;onf? 'kQonfaumifpDvkyftm;ay;rsm;u
tdrfpmESifh tjcm;tykdaqmif;avhvma&; taxmuftyHhwkd@jzifh
ulnD=uonf? ausmif;tvkduf ausmif;tyfpm&if;ay;xm;onfh
uav;rsm;u wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pk oif=um;a&;taxmuftulwkd@
tm;avhvmoif=um;&ef oifhav#mfonf[kqdkum cGifhðycJhonf?
okd@aomf xkdae&mwkd@rSm ‚[email protected];ESifh reD;onfhtwGuf
um;ESifhoGm;=u&onf? xkdtcg qufoG,faqmif&Gufa&;jy\
emrsm;ESifh awG@ñuH=u&jyefonf?
bmompum;ESifh tvkyftukdifudPrsm;onf cGJjcm;r&avmufatmif
qufEG,fr_&Sdaeayonf? u&iftrsKd;om; wpfOD;u
atmufygtwkdif;wifjycJhonf?
“usaemft*Fvdyfpum;rajymwwfbl;? t"dy`g,fu
tJ'Dawmh tvkyf&Smbkd@cufwmaygh? tusKd;cHpm;cGifhXmeukd
u|efawmftrSeftwkdif;ajymjyawmh tvkyfr&Sm&aumif;vm;qkd+yD;
u|efawmh&Jh cHpm;cGifhukd wcgwnf;jzwfypfvkdufw,f?”
xkdtajctaersm;twGif; tvkyf&Sma&;vkyfaqmifaeygonf
qkdonfhoufaojyr_u txl;ojzifh cufcJvSonf? tu,fI
‚wkd@ezl;awG@'l;awG@awG@&onfh tvkyfXme. t&m&SdrSm cufxefwif;rmaeonfh
taetxm;ESifh bmomjyefay;rnfholvnf;r&Sdygu yk~Kdvfa&;zdtm;jzpfvmum
tusKd;cHpm;cGifh&yfwef@&onfh em;vnfr_vGJonfhtajcokd@OD;wnfaeayonf?
tu,fI 'kQonfwpfOD;taeESifh t&nftcsif;rvkdtyfonfh tvkyftukdif&&Sdygu
vkHðcHtœ&,fuif;pGmvkyfukdifa&; pnf;ur;frsm;tm; em;vnfvkdufemE_difjcif;r&Sdr_onf
jy\emwpfckjzpfvmjyefonf? +Adwdo#EkdifiH&Sd 'kQonftvkyftukdifESifh oifwef;ykd@
csr_ay;tyfaeolrsm;taeESifh xkdif;EkdifiHrSvmonfh 'kQonfrsm;wGif pcef;jyifyokd@xGufI
tvkyfvkyfukdifcGifhtm; wif;=uyfpGmwm;jrpfjyXmef;xm;cJhonfhtay: tvkyfvkyfukdif&ef
tcGifhta&; tenf;i,fom&Sdonfukdowdðyrd&efvkdtyfonf? tvkyftukdiftwGuf
oif=um;ay;cJhjcif;r&SdcJhonfh pufr_EkdifiHwpfckwGifjyefvnftajccsaexkdifonfh
'kQonfwkd@. 'kQtwkdif;tqtm; wm0ef,lpdwfjzifh ajz&Sif;&efvkdonf? 'kQonfrsm;pGmwkd@
taeESifh t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&; okd@r[kwf &Sd+yD;om;t&nftcsif;wkd@tay:
todtrSwfðyvufrSwf vkdtyfayrnf? okd@r[kwfu Ttaetxm;u ‚wkd@
tm; pdwffusapjcif;ESifh tiftm;rJhjzpfapjcif;wkd@ jzpfapayrnf? ‚wkd@taeESifh t&
nftcsif;rsm;vkdtyfonfqkdonfhwkdif todtrSwfðyvufrSwfay;jcif; odk@r[kwf
oifwef;rsm;xyfrHay;jcif;wkd@u oyGwftlvkdufaeonfh twm;tqD; jzpfaeaponf?
u&iftrsKd;orD;'kQonfwpfOD;u atmufygtwkdif;&Sif;jycJhonf?
“'kQonfpcef;xJrSm usr om;zGm;q&mrtaeeJ@vkyfvmwm tESpf 20 &Sd+yD?'g
ayr,fh'DrSmawmh usrukd,fusr 'kQdweD;yg;avmuf tokH;rusjzpfae&w,f xifw,f?”
pufr__enf;ynmae@pOf a&wGif;rSa&ukd o,f,lokH;pGJae&onfh 'kQonfpcef;rSxGufvmcJhI
a&bkHbkdifacgif;rS a&yla&at;tvG,fwul&&SdE_difonfh òrdjyokd@a&muf&Sdvm=uonf?
okd@aomfjim;vnf; pufr_enf;ynmu b%ftokH;ðyjcif;/ uGef¹ylwmtokH;ðyjcif;
okd@r[kwf tifwmeuftokH;ðyjcif;wkd@u avhvm&eftcsdef,l&onf?
jynfxJa&;rSxkwfay;xm;onfh aexkdifolrsm;tjzpfoufaocHpm&G
ufrsm;tm; tusKd;cHpm;cGifh&&SdaiGukd vufcH&ef r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonfh
b%fpmtkyfvufrSwfzGifh&eftwGuf b%fwkdif;vufcHonfr[kwfajc?
aiGom;vufiif;ay;jcif; odk@r[kwf tvkdavsmufpuf,œ&m;rsm; tokH;ðyjcif;
wkd@jzifh aiGxkwf,la&; ponfh tajccHb%fvkyfief;rsm;onfvnf;
oif,l&efcufcJonhftaetxm;tjzpf oufaojycJhonf?
pcef;rsm;twGif;aexkdifcJhonfh aiGtokH;ðycJhonfh 'kQonfwkd@taeESifh b%fpepftm;
vG,fulpGmvufcHonfr[kwfay? wcgw&H vG,fulpGmtokH;ðyE_difa&;twGuf ‚wkd@.
aiGrsm;tm; vuf0,fodrf;xm;avh&Sdonf?
tar&duef
,Ofaus;r_
rdwfquf
u¾twGif;
a&$@ajymif;
aexkdifa&;
twGuf
EkdifiHwum
tzGJ@}uD;
IOM .
0efxrf;
tzGJ@0ifESifh
jrefrm
vli,f
'kuQonfrsm;
IOM
200
7/M
TH02
29/T
hier
ry F
alis
e
“ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;. uGif;qif;t&m&Sdrsm;a&mufvm+yD;
pcef;rsm;twGif;&Sd 'kQonfwkd@taeESifh A[kokwr&Sd okd@r[kwf olwkd@oGm;a&mufE_
difonfh EkdifiHrsm;. tcsuftvufrsm;tm; rod&SdbJ Tb0ajymif;vJa&;
qkH;jzwfcsuftm; cs=u&onf?”
FMR 30 51armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30
tcsKd@vlopfa&mufvmolrsm;taeESifh rD;zkdacsmiftaxmuftulðyypPnf;rsm; tm;
tjynfhtpkH &if;ESD;pGm tokH;ðyE_difa&;twGuf tcsdef 6 vywf0ef;usif=umonf?
bwfpfum;rsm;ay:wGif wHcg;rnfokd@zGifhrnf/ "gwfavSum;rnfokd@tokH;ðyrnfwkd@
onfvnf; avhvm&eftcsdefwpkHw&mvkdtyfonf? ueOD;a&$@ajymif;tacscsr_twGif;
'kQonfrsm;tm; xkdae@pOfpdefac:r_rsm;tm;ajz&Sif;E_difa&;twGuf vkyftm;ay;rsm;pepfukd
tokH;cscGifh&onf?
a&mufvmonfhvlopfwkd@twGuf usm;rtqifhtwef;cGJjcm;r_r&Sdonfh tjyif
csufðywfav#mfzGwf&ef/ uav;tpmaºuG;&ef/ oef@&Sif;a&;ESifh aps;a&mif;jcif;wkd@ðyvkyf&ef
vkdtyfcsufwkd@u trsKd;orD;rsm;wGif xkdt&nftcsif;rsm;wkd;wufa&;twGuf okd@r[kwf
aemufxyfynma&;twGuf tcGifhta&;tenf;i,fom &Sdonf[k t"dy`g,f&onf?
TudPajz&Sif;E_difa&; pDrHudef;rsm;ESifh trsKd;orD;rsm;vkyfykdifcGifh tm%mwkd;jrSifha&;wkd@u
tusKd;jzpfxGef;aprnfjzpfonf? tkdrif;onfhtrsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf pufr_enf;ynm
tokH;csa&; ukd,fukd,fukd,kH=unfpdwfcsr_jrSifhwifa&;u r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfcsufyifjzpfonf?
,cifuwnf;u xkdpOf;pm;csuftrsm;pkwkd@tm; aumif;rGefpGmpkpnf;xm;I
xkdtcsufrsm;pGmwkd@ukd odxm;&efvkdtyfonf? ,cifuwnf;u ajz&Sif;E_difr_
r&Sdjcif;u jrefrm'kQonfrsm;. vlr_a&;uBmrsm;ukd ao;onfxufao;i,f
oGm;aprnfjzpfonf? o,f,lykd@aqmifa&;ESifh pufr_enf;ynm jy\em
rsm;a=umifh tcsKd@yk~Kdvfwkd@taeESifh tdrftjyifokd@xGuf&ef pkd;&drfa=umufvef@
ae=uI ‚wkd@tkyfpkrS tjcm;olrsm;ukd awmufav#muftm;ukd;ae&rnfjzpfonf
? tjcm;jrefrm'kQonfrsm;ESifh eD;uyfpGmxdpyfaexkdifvkdr_u xkdtcsufa=umifhtqef;
w=u,fr[kwfbJ tokdif;t0kdif;tzGJ@0ifwkd@ESifheD;pyfr_jzpfap&ef ,cif'kQonftkyfpktaeESifh
tiftm;pkdufxkwfr_wkd@onf 'kwd,0ifa&mufvmoltm;ulnDay;tyfr_wkd@uvnf;
E_dif;,SOfE_difonfhtcsufjzpfonf?
rwluGJjym;onfh ,Ofaus;r_ESifh ygwf0ef;usif“tm;vkH;arWmt"d`g,frSef&Jhvm;?”&SufzD;okd@a&mufvm=uonfh 'kQonfrsm;u
t*Fvdyfvkd vyfAf 'love' [lonfhpum;vkH;tm; yk~Kdvfa&;qufqHr_ESifhEG,fI
w&if;wESD;&Sd=uonf? &SufzD;okd@a&mufvmonfhtay: a'ocHwkd@u Tpum;vkH;tm;
E_wfqufpum; tqkH;wGifxnfhoGif;ajymqkdvmonfhtcg ‚wkd@taeESifh oufawmifh
oufomrjzpf=uonhftaetxm;&Sdonf? Ttaetxm;onfyif tao;i,fqkH;
,Ofaus;r_t& xdrf;odrf; aqmif&Guf&efjzpfaomfvnf; vlopfrsm;twGuf
tcuftcJ&Sdonf? ueOD; +Adwdo#. &moDOwktay: thHtm;oifhpGmñuHawG@&+yD;
vkdufav#m nDaxG&Sdvm+yD;aemufykdif; Oya'/ EkdifiHa&;pepfESifh tokdif;t0kdif;.
csa&;rxm;onfh pnf;urf;rsm;tm; em;vnfoabmaygufatmif ðyvkyfjcif;wkd@
yg0ifvmonf? ‚wkd@u taetxm; qkH;&_H;r_rsm;pGmtm; awG@ñuHcJhonf (txl;ojzifh
pcef;wGif; tcsdefjynfhtvkyfvkyfukdifcJholrsm;twGuf)/ usm;rt& vkyfykdifcGifhrsm;ESifh
,Ofaus;r_t&uGJjym;owfrSwfcsuf wkd@ajymif;vnf;cJhonf? jrefrm okd@r[kwf
u&iftrsKd;orD;wpfOD;taeESifh vufqGJE_wfqufjcif;ESifh vlpdrf;wpfOD;. ayG@zufr_onf
txl;ojzifhxkdwpfpdrf;olu trsKd;om;jzpfaeygu TtawG@tñuHrSm vkH;0pdrf;
onfhtajctaeyifjzpfonf? vl=um;xJwGif E_yfcrf;jcif;erf;&_H@jcif; odk@r[kwf puyfwkd
eH@eH@ 0wfxm;onfhtrsKd;orD;rsm;ukd vlopfrsm;taeESifh rdef;rjzpfjzpf a,muFsm;jzpfjzpf
tHhtm;oifh=uayrnf? trsKd;om;wpfOD;u atmufyguJhokd@rSwfcsufjconf?
“um;*dwfu|efawmha&S@rSm olwkd@erf;&_H@ae=uawmh u|efawmft&rf;&Suf+yD;
rsufESmrxm;wwfavmufatmif jzpf&w,f?”
tm;vkH;twGuf usef;rma&;ESifh ynma&;apmifha&Smufr_wkdkhrSm tcrJh
jzpfa=umif; odem;vnfjcif;u owif;aumif;yif okd@aomf xkd'kQonfwkd@
taeESifh tœ&m,f&Sdolrsm;ESifh arG;zGm;+yD;prdcif apmifha&Smufrltajc tae
=um;a&mufaeolwkd@uJhokd@ rwlnDonfh,Ofaus;r_wkd@ESifh vkdufavsm
nDaxG jzpf&ef vkdtyfonf? jrefrmh&kd;&m"avhxkH;pHt& arG;zGm;+yD;prdcif
apmifha&Smufa&;twGuf rdciftaeESifh 45 &uftdrfwGif;atmif;&ef vkdtyfI
tpm;taomufqifjcif&jcif;uJhokd@ wdusonfhusef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_wkd@
tm; vkdufem&efvkdonf? arG;zGm;rdcifpdwffusjcif;tay: t"duxm;csufu
,cifu jrefrmtrsKd;orD;rsm; ezl;awG@'l;awG@ñuH&onfhtjzpfwkd@ESifh qef@
usifaeayrnf? xkd@jyif q&m0efESifhawG@&rnfhtcsdefu t,ltqopfjzpfaeonfhjyif
xkdcsdef;qkdcsufrsm;ysufuGufr_wkd@a=umifh tokdif;t0kdif;twGif; ‘vkyfrvm;/'gr[kwf
tvkyfzsufrvm;’ aqmifyk'fcsxm;&jcif;jzpfonf? pdwf"gwfusjcif;/ txD;usefjcif;ESifh
tokdif;t0kdif;tultnDrjynfhpkHr_wkd@tm;vkH;ukd cGJjcm;owfrSwfxm;+yD;jzpfonf? okd@
aomf pdwfykdif;qkdif&musef;rma&;wnf&Sdr_0ef;usif&Sd t&Sufw&m;ESifh t=uHðyjcif;wkd@u
r=umr=um aq;aomufjcif;ukdykdESpfouf=uonfhtwGuf usqif;&onf? TonfrSm
bmomjyefolrsm;u xkdtokdif;t0kdif;twGif; rSjzpfaejcif;ESifh 'kQonfrsm;u ‚[email protected]\
emwkd@tm; vlodrnfpkd;aoma=umifh jzpfay:&jcif;yifjzpfonf?
a&mufvmrnfholrsm;tm; uav;umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif; okd@r[kwf
tdrfwGif;t=urf;zufr_ESifh ywfoufonfh tcsuftvufwkd@tm;
óudwifa0iSxm;+yD;jzpfaomfvnf; awG@&onfrsm;u xkdOya'rsm;ESifh
ywfoufIjzpfyGm;onfh jyif;xefonfh tajctaersm;tay: ‚wkd@
jynfh0pGm em;vnfoabmaygufxm;jcif; r&Sda=umif; awG@&onf?
xkdudPrsm;tay:aqG;aEG;&ef vkyfief;qkdif&maqG;aEG;yGJrsm;tm; xdvG,fckdufvG,f
ukdifwG,fr_rsm;twGuf vkdtyfrnfjzpfonf? odk@aomf vkyfief;pOfwGif;
okd@r[kwf a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;rsm;twGif; tulnDjzpfaprnfjzpfonf?
jrefrmh"avhxkH;wrf;t& jrpfzsm;cHvmonfh cGJjcm;r_ xdrf;odrf;xm;&efESifh
wcsdefwnf; ykdifqkdifr_tjriftm; wkd;wufa&;vkyfaqmif&ef pdefac:r_u
vG,fulonfht&mr[kwfay? a&$@ajymif;tajccscJhonfh jrefrm'kQonfrsm;axmufyHhr_
ESifh E_dif;,SOf=unfhrnfqkdygu tar&duefEkdifiHokd@ 1980 ckESpfrsm;twGif; avm/
AD,uferfESifh crm'kQonfrsm;tm; óudwifI ajcmufv qufwkduft*Fvdyfp
mavhvma&;oifwef;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_rdwfqufoifwef;rsm;tm; rxGufcGmrD
&&Sd=uI Taqmif;yg;wGifyg0ifonfh rD;armif;xkd;jycJhonfh udP&yfrsm;pGmwkd@tm;
v$rf;ðcHaqmif&GufE_difcJhonf? tu,fI Ttxl;wm&SnfcHrnfh ajz&Sif;r_tm;
atmifjrifr_twGuf taumif;qkH;tcGifhta&;twGuf ay;tyfvkdygu jrefrm'kQonfwkd@
twGuf ykdrkdaumif;rGefonfh a&$@ajymif;tajcpkdufa&;rdwfqufaqmif&Gufr_ukd
OD;pm;ay;vkyfaqmifoifhonf?
rl0g'qkdif&m t=uHðycsuf
wifóudI oGm;a&muftajccsrnfhEkdifiHrsm;okd@ ra&muf&SdrD 'kQonfwkd@tm; xkdEkdifiHwkd@ �ESifhywfoufonfh tcsuftvufwkd@tm; ykdrkdaumif;rGefonfh ay;tyfr_ðyvkyf&ef
a&mufvmonfhtcsdefwGif 'kQonfwkd@twGuf tcGifhta&;rsm;/ �cHpm;ykdifcGifhrsm;ESifh pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;wkd@tm; aumif;rGefonfh
t&nftaoG;ESifh vufcHE_difrnfh tcsuftvufwkd@tm; ay;a0&ef
vkyfief;pOfwpfckvkH;twGif; t=uHay;Xmersm;twGuf t&H&HykHaiG axmufyHh&ef �
yxrykdif; 12 v axmufyHhr_umvtm; wkd;jrSifhay;&ef �
y%mr vkyfaqmifr_rsm;twGif; AsL&kdua&pDt&vkyfaqmifr_ �taetxm;ESifh ae@pOf vufawG@pdefac:r_rsm;tm; tultnDay;&ef
'kQonf tm;ay;apmifha&Smufolrsm;tm;tokH;ðya&;
trsKd;orD;rsm;ykdrkdtcGifhta&;ESifh vkyfykdifcGifh&vmapa&;twGuf �oifwef;pDrHcsufrsm;tm;xm;&Sda&;
tvkyftukdiftwGuf vufvSrf;rDapa&; t&nftcsif;jznfhpnf;r_oifwef;rsm;ay;a&; �
umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;pDrHcsuf0ifayguf Gateway Protection Programme �pDrHudef;Xme. &nf&G,fcsufESifh atmifjrifr_wkd@tm; ykHrSef tuJjzwfr_vkyfaqmifa&;
pdwfykdif;qkdif&musef;rma&;u|rf;usifolrsm;tm; vufvSrf;rDapa&;twGuf �,Ofaus;r_qkdif&m xdvG,fckdufvG,ftaetxm;rsm;tm; zG@Hòzd;a&;vkyfaqmif&ef
a&mufvmonfESifh uav;umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;ESifh tdrfwGif;t=urf;zufr_ �tygt0if tdrfwGif;a&;qkdkif&mOya'ukd odem;vnfapa&;twGuf
vkyfief;qkdif&maqG;aEG;yGJrsm; axmufyHhay;tyf&efwkd@jzpfonf?
yufx&pf&Sm [kdif;pf ([email protected]) onf xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfwGif
1996 rS ouU&mZf 2000 twGif; 'kQonfwkd@twGuf tultnDay;a&;vkyfief;rsm;
vkyfukdifcJholjzpfonf? r,OfrGefol ([email protected]) onf 2005 ckESpfrSpI a&muf&Sdvmonfh'kQonfopfrsm; twGuf &SufzD;òrd@
wGif ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;vkyfief;rsm;vkyfukdifaeolkjzpfonf?
Taqmif;yg;onf avhvmxm;csufrsm;/ vlawG@ar;jref;csufrsm;ESifh
pma&;olrsm;. tawG@tñuHwkd@tay: tajccHxm;I rnfonfhtzGJ@
tpnf;ukdr# ukd,fpm;ðyxm;onfh t,ltqrsm;r[kwfygay?
1 tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;0efxrf;ESifh pum;vufqkHajymjcif;/ xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf/ 2007 ckESpf rwfv
2 www.iomlondon.org
NCA
-ACT
Inte
rnat
iona
l
Tjrefrmbmomjzifhxkwfa0onfh
ae&yfrStwif;t"rRa&$@ajymif;cH&jcif;pmapmif (FMR) tm; ykHESdyfxkwfa0r_
ðyvkyfaeonfhtaetxm;wGif
uBmu em*pfpfqkdifuvkH;rkefwkdif;.
jrefrmEkdifiHESifh jynfoljynfom;wkd@tay:
zGwfzGwfnufnufa=uonfhxdckdufr_tm;
tm&kHpkdufapmifh=unfhae=uayonf?
taotaysmufE_H;ESifh qkH;&_H;r_ysufpD;r_
rsm;ukdvnf; ae@pOf jrefqefpGmodae&ayonf? FMR taeESifh jrefrmjynfoljynfom;wkd@.
&Sifoefa&;twGuf óud;yrf;tm;xkwfr_ESifh
ab;tE W&m,ft+yD; jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;wkd@
twGuf jrefrmvlxkESifhxyfwl
aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfr_&Sd
aernfjzpfyga=umif; Tae&mrS tav;teuf
azmfjytyfygonf?
DCA
-ACT
Inte
rnat
iona
l