for each picture write down the first thing that comes to your mind…
DESCRIPTION
For each picture write down the first thing that comes to your mind…. There is no wrong answer! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVbkz_3lO3c. A. B. C. D. E. F. What is Genocide?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
For each picture write down the first thing that comes to your
mind…There is no wrong answer!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVbkz_3lO3c
What is Genocide?What is Genocide?
• The systematic killing of a group of The systematic killing of a group of people on the basis of a defining people on the basis of a defining characteristic (religion, race, characteristic (religion, race, ethnicity, etc)ethnicity, etc)
• OR the deliberate murder of a certain OR the deliberate murder of a certain group of peoplegroup of people
• Geneva Convention (1948)…Countries Geneva Convention (1948)…Countries wanted to ensure another genocide wanted to ensure another genocide would not occur so many met to would not occur so many met to define characteristics of a genocidedefine characteristics of a genocide
Genocide CharacteristicsGenocide Characteristicsa)a) Killing members of a group; Killing members of a group;
Causing serious bodily injury or Causing serious bodily injury or mental harmmental harm
b)b) Creating Creating living conditions living conditions with with the intent to bring about the the intent to bring about the group’s destruction group’s destruction
c)c) Imposing measures to Imposing measures to prevent prevent births births within the groupwithin the group
d)d) Forcibly transferring children Forcibly transferring children of the group to another groupof the group to another groupAny country that determines genocide Any country that determines genocide is occurring must act to stop it.is occurring must act to stop it.
Genocide in HistoryGenocide in History
• Europe (Holocaust)Europe (Holocaust)• ChechnyaChechnya• Cambodia – Pol PotCambodia – Pol Pot• Native AmericansNative Americans• SomaliaSomalia• RwandaRwanda• SudanSudan
Why does Africa have so Why does Africa have so many incidents of many incidents of
Genocide?Genocide?
• Answers may varyAnswers may vary– Lack of education: No other Lack of education: No other
alternative knownalternative known– Imperialism: Africa was divided by Imperialism: Africa was divided by
Europeans, no regards to ethnic Europeans, no regards to ethnic tensions tensions
RwandaRwanda
A Story of GenocideA Story of Genocide
BackgroundBackground
Hutus• Majority - 80%• “More black looking”• Migrated from
southern Africa• Hutus found
themselves as laborers and farmers
Tutsis• Minority - 20%• “More white looking”• Migrated from
Northern Africa (Egypt)
• Educated elite and political rulers
Two ethnic groups in Rwanda: Hutu and Tutsis lived peacefully until the Europeans arrived
BackgroundBackground
• Belgium took it over in 1918 from Germany
• Put Tutsis in charge• Handed out “ethnic
identity cards”• Education only open
to Tutsis• Hutus could only be
laborers or low level workers
IndependenceIndependence
• Belgium decides to leave Rwanda and grants independence to Rwanda
• Hutu majority took control
• Hutu persecuted/killed the Tutsis because of years of resentment and former horrible treatment…payback time
• Many Tutsis move to neighboring countries for safety
Assassination and Assassination and Civil WarCivil War• Tutsis rebel group formed in neighboring countries and
invaded Rwanda• Hutu president decides to compromise with Tutsis and
agrees to share power• 2500 United Nations troops sent to Rwanda to help keep
peace• Unhappy with power sharing agreement, Hutu extremists
start planning genocide• On April 6, 1994, Rwandan President is assassinated• Hutu extremists begin killing Tutsis and blame them for
the murder of their president…civil war has broken out and the genocide begins!
Rwanda (1994)Rwanda (1994)Deaths: 800,000 to over
1million • REMEMBER: Tutsis =
whiter looking, educated while the Hutus = blacker looking, laborers
• Hutus attacked Tutsis over past discrimination
• Attacked with garden tools, machetes, and household items
• Hutu civilians had to kill neighbors and family members
The GenocideThe Genocide
• Although the killing was performed mostly by machetes, it was carried out at dazzling speed: of an original population of about 7.5 million, at least 800,000 people were killed in about 100 days.
• The dead of Rwanda accumulated at nearly 3 times the rate of Jewish dead in the Holocaust.
• It is one of the most efficient mass killings in the history of the world
Global UnresponsivenessGlobal Unresponsiveness
• No political or economic interests
• Little press coverage• Lack of public support• Racism
– Bloodshed in Africa not unusual
• Not willing to make financial sacrifices
• Feared calling it genocide
Hotel RwandaHotel Rwanda and Paul and Paul RusesabaginaRusesabagina
• Hutu• Wife and children were
Tutsi• Manager of the Mille
Collines Hotel • Used his power to hide
Tutsis in his hotel• Saved over 1200 people
Genocide VocabularyGenocide Vocabulary
Perpetrators- those people or groups of people carrying out genocide
Bystanders- those people or groups of people that do not intervene and allow a genocide
Rescuers- those people or groups of people that intervene to relieve or stop a genocide
Movie Time!!!
• Hotel Rwanda with video questions
Post Genocide• Ended in the summer of
1994• NO govt to run hospitals,
schools, shelters, food programs, or factories
• NO public utilities like telephones, electricity, or water
• NO leaders – most killed or fled
• Govt in chaos and people have no help
Post Genocide
• Survivors are scattered • Families gone• Villages destroyed• Orphans with no one to
care for them• Thousands lost homes
and land• 3.5 million (mostly Hutus)
fled to neighboring countries – living in refugee camps…how do they get home? Do they go home?
Rwandan Refugee Camp
Responses and Rebuilding• International aid groups gave
food and shelter• 1994, Rwandan Patriotic Front
(military that ended the genocide) established a new govt “Government of National Unity”
• They worked with 7 other political parties to rebuild education, health, and economic systems
• Also created the Genocide Survivors Fund and Human Rights Commission (help survivors and ensure all people get their basic rights)
• In 2000, Major General Paul Kagame became the 5th president of Rwanda and a new flag was revealed in 2001
Lessons Learned
• In 1994, UN Secretary General admitted that the international community failed the people of Rwanda
• In 1998, President Clinton apologized for not responding
• International call for a system to identify potential genocides in the earliest stage and to intervene…Sudan today